CHAPTER 17 REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT 1550-

1800

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BIG IDEA: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION GAVE A NEW WAY OF VIEWING THE UNIVERSE.

CHANGING VIEWS OF UNIVERSE

Ptolemaic System (Middle Ages) geocentric -Earth center of universe

10 Spheres- God controlled Nicolas Copernicus

universe –heliocentric (sun centered) Earth Rotated(axis)

Johannes Kepler laws of planetary motion-elliptical orbits

Galileo telescope -Planets not orbs of light-solid

Newton Universal Law of Gravitation

BREAKTHROUGHS IN MEDICINE

William Harvey & Andreas Vesalius Dissected people

Harvey - Heart- beginning of blood circulation

Vesalius- identified organs

BREAKTHROUGHS IN CHEMISTRY

Robert Boyle Boyle’s law

Gas volume varies with pressure

Antoine Lavoisier Founder of modern

Chemistry invented naming

chemical elements

•Margaret Cavendish (philosopher)•humans cannot master nature through science

•Maria Winkelmann• discovered a comet

WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTIONS

PHILOSOPHY AND REASON

Rene Descartes Father of Rationalism Reason = Knowledge (ability to

think & conclude) “I think. Therefore I am.”

His existence

BACON & THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Francis Bacon . Scientific method-

systematic procedure for collecting & analyzing evidence.

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Sun-centered model of the universe Heliocentric He developed laws of planetary motion Kepler His observations suggested that

planets had substance. Galileo

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Francis Bacon, who developed the scientific method, was also what?

PhilosopherThis included a systematic procedure,

based on collecting and analyzing evidence, and crucial to the evolution of science.

Scientific method

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Egg-shaped Elliptical Law of universal attraction Gravity Proceeding from the particular to the

general is called what? Inductive reasoning

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Rene Descartes believed in one absolute truth,

which was? His own existence Rationalism is the belief that reason is

the chief source of what? knowledge