produce pollen and seeds pollen are tiny structures that carry sperm producing cells dispersed by...
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Seed plants Produce pollen and seeds Pollen are tiny structures that carry
sperm producing cells Dispersed by wind of animal pollinators
(i.e. bees) Sperm travel through air to fertilize egg
cells Seeds consist of an embryonic plant,
a supply of food for the embryo, and a protective outer seed coat Can remain dormant until suitable
habitat is available Male gametophyte is the pollen grain Female gametophyte produces the
egg
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2 types of seed plants
Gymnosperms – lack flowers Angiosperms – flowering plants
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Seed plants - Gymnosperms
Evolved earlier than flowering plants Were dominant until the rise of flowering
plants Most early species are now extinct 4 phyla
Ginkgos Cycads Gnetophytes Conifers
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Seed plants – Gymnosperms - Ginkgos
Only 1 species survives Ginko biloba (maiden hair tree)
Either male or female
Female trees bear foul-smelling, fleshy seeds
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Seed plants – gymnospermsCycads
Found in tropical or subtropical climates
Large, finely divided leaves
Look similar to palms or large ferns
Most are approx. 3 feet tall
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Cycads Male Pollen Cones Female Seed Cone
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Seed plants – gymnospermsGnetophytes
Include approx. 70 species of shrubs, vines, and small trees
Genus Ephedra contains compound that is a stimulant and appetite suppressant Reports of deaths
Welwitschia mirabilis – dry deserts of Africa Deep taproot can extend up to 100 ft down into
the soil Has fibrous stem with only 2 leaves Leaves never shed and continue to grow Oldest plants are more than 200 yrs old
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Gnetophytes
Ephedra
Welwitschia mirabilis
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Seed plants – gymnospermsConifers
Still dominant plant Species include pines, firs, spruce,
hemlocks, cypresses Most abundant in cold latitudes and high
elevations Adapted to cold, dry conditions
Retain green leaves, can continue photosynthesis
Leaves are thin needles covered with a thick, waterproof surface that minimizes evaporation
Produce “antifreeze” in their sap (gives piney scent) Can continue transporting nutrients in below-freezing
temperatures
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Conifer Life Cycle: Ponderosa Pine
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Seed plants - Angiosperms
Flowering plants Dominate earth today Over 260,000 species
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3 major adaptations of angiosperms
Flowers Fruits Broad leaves
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Flower Structure
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Flowers Both male and female gametes are formed May have evolved when ancient
gymnosperm developed relationships with animals (i.e. insects) that carried pollen from plant to plant
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Why fruits?
Ovary surrounding the seed matures into a fruit
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Broad leaves
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Life Cycle: Lilium
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Flower Plants – 2 Groups
Monocots 1 cotyledon
Dicots (Eudicots) 2 cotyledon