ﻝﻭﻷ؟ ﻞﺼﻔﻟ؟ - philadelphia university jordan · ﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ...

اتجاهات نظرية في اإلرشاد

7

؟لفصل ؟ألول مفهومه، وتطوره، ومراحله: اإلرشاد


8


9

مقدمة

1970


10


11

ماهية اإلرشاد

Muers & Sweeney, 2001 - - - - -


12

1–

: أنواع اإلرشاد


13

- - - - -

1

2

3

4

5


14

1

2

3

4


15

5

6

7


16

تطور اإلرشاد

1900

19001910 Frank Parsons

1908 Jesse B. Davies

Clifford Beers

1908 19111920

1913


17

Smith Hughes 1917

-

19211930 - - - 1927 -

Abraham & Hanna

Stone1929

19311940 - E.G. Williamson

Minnesota Point of View and Trait-Factor Approach

- John Brewer 1932

- George Dean

1938


18

19411950 - Carl Rogers

1942

-

-

George Barden1946 19511960

- APA1952

- 1958 -

19611970 - Gilbert Wren

1962 -

- -

Krumboltz1966 - 1963


19

19711980 - -

- -

19811990 -

1981 - 1982 -

19912000 -

1992 -

Sue, Arredondo & MacDavis 1992

-


20

2001– - - - - -

SuperegoId

Ego1


21

1


22

2

2

-

-


23

-

1Id

Need

Maslow


24

7 M8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 = < ; :9L 155

M87 1 0 / . - , + * )

5 4 3 2L 34

Maslow

Kant

William James


25

Drive

Incentive

-

-


26


27

Instinct

Temperament

Hippocrates


28

Eysenck

2


29

2Eysenck

2 - Conscience

RousseuJ. J.


30

40005000

M 8 7 8

? > = < ; : 9L :7- 8 3Ego

2


31

2

1

1


32

2


33

2


34

3

Type of Person

Theory of Learning

Bad-Active

Theistic Mental Discipline

Good-Active Natural Unfoldment

Neutral-Active

Humanistic Mental Discipline

Neutral-Passive

Behavioristic Theories & Apperceptionism

Neutral-Interactive

Gestalt-field Cognitive Theories

3


35

Jay, 2004

Mark, 1997

Francis, 2007

1 2

3


36

Zunker, 2002

-

Zunker, 2002

- 1874

1879

1896

Zunker, 2002

- Career Guidance


37

ParsonsOsipow, 1983

- Frank Parsons1909

1908 1909

)Choosing a vocation (Zunker, 2002 -

1912

Mark, 1997

(Testing Movement 1900-1940


38

Mark, 1997 1928 Hull

Osipow, 1983

1927 Strong

Osipow, 1983

Isaacson, 1985

1940

Counsling,

2011

Directive Counseling 1940


39

Trait and

factor approach Zunker, 2002

Nondirective) (Counseling 1942

Mark, 1997

Mark,) 1997

McMahon, 2006


40

Zunker, 2005

Zunker, 2005 1944

McMahon, 2006 1946

Francis, 2007

Jay,

2004


41

Osipow, 1983

Osipow, 1983

Theories of Career Development and Choice


42

Francis, 2007

The Career-Guidance Movement

Francis, 2007

Headstart Francis,

2007

Career Education

Francis, 2007


43

1972

1984

Zunker, 2002

Zunker, 2002


44

ومدى احلاجة إليه هأهداف: للطلبة اإلرشاد املهين

Zunker, 2005

1

2

3 4

5


45

6

Isaacson, 1985

McMahon, 2006

-

Zunker, 2002 -

Zunker, 2002

-

Zunker, 2002

-


46

Zunker, 2002

Zunker, 2002


47


48


49

؟لفصل الثاني

ريات اإلرشادنط


50


51

مراحل عملية اإلرشاد Egan, 1994

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3 4 5


52

معايري مدونة سلوك العاملني يف جمال اإلرشاد

National Board of Certified Counselors

NBCC


53

Values Ethics


54

- py (AAMFT) American Association of Marriage and Family Thera

Code of Ethics - American Group Psychotherapy Association: Guidelines for Ethics - ociation (APA) Code of EthicsAmerican Psychological Ass - American Association of Christian Counselors: Code of Ethics - : Code of Ethics and Standards of American Counseling Association

Practice - British Columbia Association for Clinical Counselors: Code of

Ethical Conduct - Canadian Counseling Association: Code of Ethics & Standards of

Practice - Canadian Psychological Association Ethical Standards - Canadian Traumatic Stress Network [Reseau Canadian du Stress

Traumatique]: Ethical Principles - Christian Association for Psychological Studies: Ethics Statement - International Society for Mental Health Online: Suggested Principles

th Servicesfor the Online Provision of Mental Heal - National Board for Certified Counselors: Code of Ethics - National Board for Certified Counselors: The Practice of Internet

Counseling

.

.


55

.

. : -1

. -2

. -3

.

.

. -4

.


56

. .

-5 .

. .

-6 .

.

-7

. -8

. -9


57

. .

-10 .

-11 .

. -12

.

.

. -13

.


58

-14 .

-15 .

-16

, . -17

. -18

) ( .

-19 ) ( .

-22 . -21

.

-22 .

-23 .


59

-24

. -25

. -26

-27 .

-28 .

-29

. -30

.


60

نظريات اإلرشاد املهينتصنيف 1

Trait-and-Factor Approach

Osipow, 1983

Osipow, 1983

Zunker, 2002


61

Zunker, 2002

Zunker,

2002

Zunker, 2002


62

Zunker, 2002

Zunker, 2002

McMahon, 2006

2Personality-based-theories


63

Zunker, 2002

Osipow, 1983

Zunker, 2002

Osipow, 1983

Osipow


64

Osipow, 1983

Zunker, 2002

Zunker, 2005

Vocational Preference InventorySelf-Directed

Search (SDS


65

Zunker, 2005

3 Developmental theories

Zunker, 2002 Osipow, 1983

Osipow, 1983

Super & Crites, 1962

Jay, 2004


66

Zunker, 2002

Zunker,

2002

Zunker, 2002

Jay, 2004

4

Zunker,

2002

Osipow, 1983


67

Krumboltz

5 Eclectic Approach

Crites(Osborn, 2005

Osborn, 2005


68


69

لت؟لفصل الثاالنفس وعلم االجتاهات النظرية يف اإلرشاد

العشرين لقرنيف النصف األول من ا اإلرشادي


70


71

النظرية السلوكية سكنر

Instincts Theory

B. F. Skinner 1904 - 1990


72

McDougal

McDougal

James


73

Thorndike

Reinforcement Theory

Harlow

Incentives


74


75

3Human Needs Theory

Drive Reduction Hull

Hull

Motive Need


76

Homeostasis


77

4Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Convington, 1984


78

5Personality Theory

Situational

Personality Characteristic

6Attribution Theory

Frieze,


79

1977 Bernard Weiner 1994

- - -

Weiner, 1997


80

Pajaros & Miller, 1994

Shell et al, 1995

7Expectancy Theory

Clifford,1990Atkinson, 1964

Motivation Perceived Probability of Success x Incentive Value of Success


81

PavlovWatson

Thorndike Hull Skinner

EysenckRe-education Relearing


82

-


83


84


85

- - - -

1Desensitization

Relaxation

Lang1969

Device for Automated Desensitization "DAD


86

2Flooding

1997


87

3Reciprocal Inhibition


88

4Avoidance Conditioning

Emetine

Eysenck1964

Oswald1962

5Positive Reinforcement

6Nagative Reinforcement


89

7Punishment

8Reward&Punishment


90

9Omission Training

10Extinction&Reinforcement


91

11Negative Practice

Satiation


92

90

5075


93


94

ليل النفسي التح ةنظري سيجوند فرويد

6 1856

Sig m und Freud 1856 - 19 39


95

1938231939

1873

1885

18421925

18931895


96

1900

1

2 3 4 5 6

–


97


98


99


100

1 2

3


101


102

1780

18251893


103

- - -


104

1Repression

Freud


105

Oedipus Complex

RepressionSuppression

2Forgetting

Electra Complex

3Projection


106

4Negativism

5Day Dreaming

6Rationalization

Aesop


107

7Displacement

Freud


108

1 2

3

1

2

3

4 5


109

علـم النفس الفردي والنظريـة النفسية االجتماعيـة

ألفرد أدلر

Alfred Adler 1870 - 1937


110

.


111


112

Adler


113


114


115

)النظرية الكلية( نظرية اجلشتالت

فريتز بريلز

1910

1910

–

Fritz Perls 1893 - 1970


116

:

1

: * .

* .

* .

*

2


117

3 1945

4

-

–

- .


118

- - - - - -

-

-


119

-

-

- -

-

-


120

-

-


121

رابع؟لفصل ال نظريات اإلرشاد يف النصف الثاين

من القرن العشرين


122


123

) نظرية الذات( النظرية اإلنسانية كارل روجرز

Carl Rogers 1902 - 1987


124

Roger’s Self Theory of Personality


125


126

Vernon 1

2

3

-4


127

- - -


128

-

- -

1940–1950

1950–1957

1957–1980


129

النظرية الوجودية يف اإلرشاد رولو ماي وفكتور فرانكل

1855

Viktor Emil Frankl 1905 - 1997

Rollo May 1909 –


130

1927

1

2

– –


131

3


132

4

5


133

6

7

8


134

9

10

11

12


135

13

14


136

15


137

16


138

17

18


139

–


140


141

نظرية العالج العقالين االنفعايل

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ألربت إيليس

Albert

Ellis

REBT- Rational Emotive Behavior

Therapy

ABPP

1985

Albert Ellis 1913 - 2007


142

Carl Rogers Sigmund Freud

Psychology Today

1

2

3


143

4

5

6

.

7


144


145


146

Disputation ConfrontationEncouragement

Disputation Confrontation Encouragement


147

Control CardEmotional


148

نظرية حتليل التعامل

)Transactional Analysis( إيريك برين

Eric Berne

Eric Bernestein

Self-Control

Eric Berne 1910 - 1970


149

Eric Berne

Temporal

Cortex


150

Eric Berne


151

Structural Analysis

Parental Ego State

Adult Ego State

Child Ego State

Transactional Analysis

complementary transactions

crossed transactions

ulterior transactions


152

Game Analysis

Script Analysis

Never

Until

AlwaysAfter


153

Treatment Contract

Interrogation

Specification

Confrontation

Explanation


154

Illustration

Confirmation

Interpretation

Crystallization


155

نظرية العالج الواقعي

وليم جالسر

(William

Glasser)

1955 1956

1957

William Glasser 1925 - 2013


156

19611965 1965

1972 Positive Addiction 1976 Stations of Mind 1981

1986.

1984(

(Paul DuDois)

(Adler) (Adolph meyer and Abrahamlow) (Mowher)


157

(thomaszar) (William powers)

(gorey, 1977)

1998( :

1998 .(

:

1 Responsibility

.


158

. (gorey, 1977) 2 Autonomy

. (gorey, 1977) 3: Involvement

1998(

4


159

.

:

.

.

.

.


160

2002 ( 5Identity

:

.

1998 (

6 Reality

(Gorey, 1977)


161

7 Learning

2002

8Alternatives

2002 9Love

.

10 .

11 Growth Force


162

.

:

. : (

2002(

.

.


163

2004(

:

.

.


164

.

.

.(gorey, 1977).

1984( :

.


165

1

. 2

.

.

.

45

2002


166

. :

25

. 510

.

.


167

319

:

1:


168

.

.

1998.

2:

.

2002.


169

3:

2002

3 :

.

. (William 1986).

4 :

.

.


170

1965

.

5 :


171


172

1

DSM-IV

2

3

4

5


173

1

. .

2

.

. .

.

1 .

.


174

.

2

.

3 : ––

4

, 5

.


175

. 6

.

7

8

1 2 3 .


176

1 . –

–

2 .

3

.

4 .

5 :

.


177

,

1

.

2

––


178

–

.

.

3 : ,

.


179

.

.

.

.

.


180

.

1 . 2 .

3 .

4 .

5

6 ,


181

7

8

.

. -

(

.


182


183


184


185


186

1 Allyn & Bacon (2004) "Comprehensive Classroom Management: Creating Communities of Support and Solving Problems (6th ed.), Boston.

2 Corey, Gerald (2012) Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy

3 Dougherty, A. Michael (1995) Consultation: Practice and Perspectives in School and Community Settings (Counseling), Brooks/Cole Pub Co; 2nd edition, ISBN-10: 0534251285

4 Egan, G. (1994) The Skilled Helper: a problem-management approach to helping, (5th Ed) Belmont, California: Brooks Cole.

5 Gibson, Robert L.; Mitchell, Marianne H. (1995) Introduction to Counseling and Guidance, Published by Prentice Hall College Div, ISBN 10: 0023417412.

6 Ivey, A. E., D’Andrea, M., Ivey, M. B. and Morgan, L. S. (2002). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: A multicultural perspective, 5th ed. Boston, MA.: Allyn & Bacon.

7 James, R. K. & Gilliland, B. E. (2003). Theories and strategies in counseling and psychotherapy, 5th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

8 Kottler, J. A. (2002). Theories in counseling and therapy: An experiential approach. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

9 Myrick, Robert D. (1987) Developmental Guidance and Counseling: A Practical Approach, Educational Media Corp. (Minneapolis, MN), ISBN 0932796206

ﻝﻭﻷ؟ ﻞﺼﻔﻟ؟ - philadelphia university jordan · ﺩﺎﺷﺭﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ...

Documents