© pearson education limited 2015hm-1 chapter hm a brief history of management’s roots
TRANSCRIPT
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ChapterHMA Brief Historyof Management’s Roots
Early Management
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•Management has been practiced for thousands of years.•Organized projects were directed by people responsible for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
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Classical Approaches: Scientific Management
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Frederick W. Taylor described scientific management as a method of scientifically finding the “one best way to do a job.”
Classical Approaches: General Administrative Theory
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• Focused on what constituted good management.
• Henri Fayol identified five management functions and 14 management principles.
• Max Weber described the bureaucracy as an ideal rational form of organization.
Fayol’s Fourteen Principles of Management1. Division of work2. Authority3. Discipline4. Unity of command5. Unity of direction6. Subordination of
individual interests to the general interest
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization9. Scalar chain10. Order11. Equity12. Stability of tenure
personnel13. Initiative14. Esprit de corps
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Behavioral Approach
Early management writers included:• Robert Owen, who was concerned about
deplorable working conditions.• Hugo Munsterberg, a pioneer in the field of
industrial psychology.• Mary Parker Follett, who recognized that
organizations could be viewed from both individual and group behavior perspectives.
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The Hawthorne Studies
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Studies conducted at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company: • Provided new insights
into individual and group behavior at work.
• Concluded that group pressures can significantly impact individual productivity.
Behavioral Approaches 1930s - Today
Human Relations Movement
Organizational Behavior (OB)
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The Quantitative Approach
• Used quantitative techniques to improve decision making.
• Evolved from mathematical and statistical solutions developed for military problems during World War II.
• W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Duran’s ideas became the basis for total quality management (TQM).
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Contemporary Approaches: Systems Approach
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Contemporary Approaches: Contingency Approach
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