شرح لجميع القواعد.pdf
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7/18/2019 pdf.شرح لجميع القواعد
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Mob. :- 01017238866 01225837818
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2
am – is – are – was – were
amI
isHe/she/ it
are We / you / they
wasI / he / she / it
were We / you / they
Ex.
I'm a teacher.
They are students.Hany was a student last year.
Do / does
/ did
do I / they / we / you
does He / she / it
did I / he / she / it / they / you / we
Did you do your homework yesterday?
Have / has / had
have we / youI / they /has He / she / it
had I / he / she / it / they / you / we
Ex
I have a car.
Ahmed has three sisters.
Mona and Mohammed have a computer.
Best regards Tamer Saad
ؼ ف ي
do verb to
ه
ي ه
ي have verb to
ى ي be verb to
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3
-orm:
شد esاsئضةV1اىؼو اىحش اه
ىا ضش غ
اذحا ػذ
He, she, it, Ahmed, Mona, cat………
فes ةحىا x – ss – sh – ch – oإى اؼه
go………………….he goes cross…………………..Salwa crosses
فSىا تىا ة ػذا ةحىا اى اؼه
Play ……………….he plays write…………………Mariam writes
-ey words:
every… (day – week –month – hour....)*usually*always *sometimes*often
-ses:
habitsػدا
Ahmed walks to school every day.
Factsق
The earth goes round the sun.-. and negative :
طىا عسىا
ص هاؤىا أذDoes دش
اىية ػو م ارا
The earth goes round the sun.
Does the earth go round the sun?
Yes, it does. No, it does not.
The sun rises in the east.
Where does the sun rise?In the east .
زف حs
esا وؼىا ة
هاؤىا أذDo وػىا م I - They - We - Youارا
Hisham and Ihab play football every day.Do Hisham and Ihab play football every day?
Yes, they do. No, they do not .
I promise…..I apologize…….I advice…….I insist…..…I agree
Best regards Tamer Saad
صأ enses in English
بسط عر ضThe present sim ple tense
Notice
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4
-orm: ىا شحىا وؼىا V 2
go …….….…went play……………..played
eat ….……….ate walk……..….…..walked(اؼبي
ربد
ا
****regular and irregular )
-ey words:
Last…… (week – month – year - ) * Yesterday * ago
-ses:
. ض
ىا
ص حا ذخ غ ػ ىيحؼش ذح
Hany played football yesterday.
I traveled to France last month.The police stopped me on my way home last night.
I was angry because they were late.
-e :. and negati
طىا ض
ىا
ص هاؤىا أذDid. ا ةيىا ؼو ج ىحش اه
Hany played football yesterday.
What did Hany play yesterday?
He played football.Football.
Did Hany play football yesterday?
Yes, he did.Yes, he played football yesterday.
No, he did not.
No, he did not. He played basketball.
….. When do is the main verb in the sentence.
What did you do at the weekend? (not what did you at the weekend )
I did not do anything. ( not I did not anything )
Best regards Tamer Saad
ضسب simp le tense past The
Be carefu l
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5
- orm:
(am – is – are + V-ing )
-
ordsey
(look - now – listen – at this moment )
-ses:
ذحنىا ث
أ ػ ذخ غ اىحش ىيحؼش اىسع
ص
Mohamed is reading now.
اذحا
ن
when we talk about things happening in a period around nowFor ex. Today / this week / this evening
Is Ahmed working this week?
No, he is on holiday.
……These verbs are not used in continuous tenses
-contain -remember -believe -understand -mean -know - prefer -need -want -hate -love -Like
taste -smell -hear -See -seem
-egativnd.
Ahmed is reading now.
What is Ahmed doing now?
Is Ahmed reading now?Yes, he is.
No, he is not.ػب
ا
ػ
ؼ
ا
مزث
غؤاي
ا
ىر
ز
إبخ ز زغا با
ingػ ب اؼبي بخ
ا ؼ ربف
ث
زخ
ا
اؼبي
eإبخ
ب
ز
ing
Hope…hoping * smile….smiling * dance….dancing
ػا
ب
be…..being
إبخاؼبي
جل
ا
ف
ا
بػخ
ز
زن
ثف
غجق
وبع
ف
ث
زخ
ا
ing
Stop…stopping * plan….planning * begin…beginning * prefer…preferring
visiting — it **v is happening — pen**hap ning nbegi — gin .be................................................e Notic
Travel…..travelling ** cancel…..cancelling l..ll
Best regards Tamer Saad
تض رع سuous tense n The present con t i
Be careful
Be carefu l
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6
-orm:
(was – were + V-ing )
-ey words:
(while ……………when)
-ses:
ذحض
ىا
ص
شا
ح
م
ذخ
ػ
ىيحؼش
ش
ح
ىا
ض
ىا
I was watching television when the telephone rang.
زغ
ب
while غث ب
** The past simple tense …………..…..while ……………The past continuous tense **
The accident happened while I was playing tennis.
غث
ب
when زغ
ب
** The past continuous tense………..…when ………..……….The past simple tense **
I was playing tennis when the accident happened.
-. and negative :
- They were eating when the telephone rang.What were they doing when the telephone rang?
They were eating.
Were they eating when the telephone rang?Yes, they were.
No, they were not. They were sleeping.
-I was watching TV when the telephone rang.
What were you doing when the telephone rang? ر
ز
I………………….…you
Was………..………..were
Best regards Tamer Saad
ضرت سThe past cont inuo us tense
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7
-orm:
(have – has + V 3 )
-ey words:
Just – already – yet - since – for - ever - never
.
ses:
صا
ب
ا
ثأ
س
ػ
جؼز
زغب
ا
لذ
ا
He told me his name but I have forgotten it.
I can not find my bag. Have you seen it? غث
لذ
…………..………………………………..ust
Would you like something to eat? No, thanks .I have just had lunch.xpected.……..……something happened sooner than e
lready
When is Hala going on holiday? She has already gone.
ا
ز
until now …………..……...………………..….…et
I have written the letter but I have not posted it yet.
……….…..…two hours/five days/along time/50 years/agesor
They have been married for ten years.
………...8 o clock/1977/Monday/12 May/April/lunchtimeince
I have not seen Ahmed since Monday.
Spain.gone to Hany is on away on holiday. He has
ا
مخ
ا
ا
ا
بن
ا
ؼرب
بجعاgone to Spain.been to Hany is back home from holiday now. He has
................... ع بػ ا بغ
بو ا
ؼرbeen to
**** We use the present perfect tense when we talk about a period of time that continues from the past
ever/never )
ntil now………………………u
زغر
ver
غؤا
ا
-Have you ever eaten caviar?
زغرever
ا
-We have never had a car.
Ahmed and Hala have known each other for along time.
…………………………………….…………….since they were at school.
How long have Ahmed and Hala known each other?
Best regards Tamer Saad
ت م عر ضThe present perfect tense
look
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8
-orm:
(Had + V3)
-ey words: after as soon as
before by the time whentill until
-ses:
ب
ا ا س جل ل ػ س جؼز
بزا ب
ا زغ
past perfect tense……….. …….past simple tense
-I watched TV after I had finished my homework.
-He had breakfast as soon as he had washed his face.
past simple tense……………. …………past perfect tense
-I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
-When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
past perfect tense didn't + inf.
.wasn't/weren't + P.P
-He didn't watch TV until he had done his homework.
-The car wasn't sold till he had repaired it.
-. and negative :
* Ahmed had finished his homework before he watched TV.
Had Ahmed finished his homework before he watched TV?
Yes, he had. No, he hadn't.
* I watched TV after I had finished my homework. What did you do after you had finished your homework?
I watched TV.Best regards Tamer Saad
erfect tense t p as The pت م ضي
After
As soon as
when
before
by the time
till
until
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9
.will + inf 1) orm:
-ey words:
Tomorrow, next(week, month, year…), in the future-ses:
Quick decisions:-1
-I'll turn on the TV.
-I'll close the window.
Prediction:-2
-I think next summer will be very hot.Requests:-3
-Will you shut the door, please?Offer:-4
-I will help you with the shopping bag.
Making arrangements:-5
-I will meet you tomorrow at 5 pm.Threat:-6
-Give me the pen, or I will tell the teacher.Promise:-7
-If you get the full mark, I will buy you a mobile phone.
Facts in the future:-8
-Next year, I will be 17 years old.-. and negative :
- I will meet you tomorrow at 5 pm.
Will you meet me tomorrow at 5 pm? -Yes, I will. (I'll) - No, I will not. (won't)
2)- [am/is/are + going to + inf.]حا ثنا * خذو
1-
م
ن
نا
ا
ق
نا
انخظ
ذ
-He is going to spend a week in Alexandria.-I'm going to visit Ali tomorrow.
ه رن-2 انذد ذ نم ه أج أ
-Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain.
-I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick.Best regards Tamer Saad
بسط لب ق ت سtense Future Simple The
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1
f "I"Conditional
, If-1
will + V1( s, es ) He, She, ItV1
حػبل زغرIfجمزغ
ا ؼا س ىبخ
إ ػ جؼز
اEx.
If he works hard at school , he will find a good job. (he'll)
Ahmed will score a goal if he runs faster.
If , ةا ىif
ػ مبك ػ زس ب
ػ غجا با Ex.
If you boil water, it turns into steam.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- , If-2
حػبل زغرIf.س ا خ
ز
اب
اضبخ Ex.
If Sally finished her homework on time, she would watch the film.
The goalkeeper would stop the ball if he jumped high enough.
If ,
-مز
خ
ب
ا
زغر
ا
Ex.
If I were you, I wouldn't shout.
If I were you, I would study my lessons.
Best regards Tamer Saad
Present Simple Tense Future Simple tense
notice
Present Simple Tense Present Simple Tense
Past Simple Tense ( V2 ) Would + inf.
I were you would + inf.
notice
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, If-3had + p.p. would have + p.p.
حػبل زغرif.س ا خ
زغ
اب
اضبضخ
Ex. If you hadn't been quiet, the enemy would have heard you.
Salah would have been in trouble if he hadn't got help.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- خ
ب
ازعا
ز
جمزغ
ا
ز
ا
ا
ذ
بو
ifاا
ضجزخ
ا
ضجزخ
ا
ا
ؼ
ا
1-He goes to bed early, so he will get up early. ( use if )
If he doesn't go to bed early, he won't get up early
خ
ب
ازعا
ز
غج
ا
ب
ا
خ
ا
ذ
بو
اا
if
ضجزخ
ا
ضجزخ
ا
ا
ؼ
خ
بض
اا2-He is lazy, so he fails the exams. ( use if )
If he weren't lazy, he wouldn't fail the exams.
خ
ا
ذ
بو
باا
اخ
ب
ازعا
ز
غج
ا
ifضباا
ضجزخ
ا
ضجزخ
ا
ا
ؼ
خ
3-He didn't have a car as he didn't have much money. ( use if )
If he had had much money, he would have had a car.
4-He studied hard . He got high marks. ( use if )
If he hadn't studied hard, he wouldn't have got high marks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Read and correct the under l ined words:
do exercises every day.willIf I were you , I-1
……….
all her exams.would passIf Hala hadn't been nervous, she-2
……………..the taps, the bathroom would have flooded.onIf I hadn't turned-3
……
a computer, you'd get better marks.haveIf you-4
……
clever, he would have solved the problem.wereIf he-5
…….
the bus if she got up early.would have caughtShe-6
…………………… clever at school. bewouldIf he studies hard, he-7
Best regards Tamer Saad
Past Perfect Tense would have + p.p.
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2
on the other hand–despite–However–Although– { But
too }–
as well–
in addition-also–
نى)لب
ز
ا
ػ
جؼز
(
زلب
ز
ا ز
ا ث زغر * I was ill. I went to school.
- I was ill, but I went to school.
............................................................................................................
شى )
لب
ز
ا
جؼز
اب
زغر
(
زلب
ز
ا ز
ا ث ا ىا ثاخ زغر
Although ( s + v+……..)
- Although I was ill, I went to school.
- I went to school although I was ill.
……………………………………………………………………….
غ رىل
– نى)لب
ز
ا
ػ
اب
جؼر
(
خ
خ
و
خ
بض
ا
خ
ا
ثب
رجأ
ا
ى
ب
ا
ا
زلب
ز
ا
ز
ا
ث
ب
ا
زغر
However( s + v +…………)
- I was ill, however, I went to school.- I was ill. However, I went to school.……………………………………………………………………………………………….
شىا يػ
despite + ( noun / v+ ing )
- He missed the bus despite getting up early.
- Despite studying hard, he got low marks.Best regards Tamer Saad
but
Although(=though)
However
despite
onjunctions
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3
ا بخ /ا تب ا
ػ
ش
ا
ا
ت
ب
ب
ا
ذ
زغر
- Egyptians have been building new roads. On the other hand, traffic in cities
is still slow because the number of cars has been growing.........................................................................................................................................
ا
- ؼ
ا
جل
رر
- He also speaks a little French.2-
'' verb to '' have/ beث - He is also good at English.
3-
ا اي
-Also, it was much too expensive.……………………………………………………………………………………………
ضة اى رىل
In addition ( s + v +…………)
In addition to ( noun/ v+ ing)
-He works many hours. In addition, he works on Fridays.
-He studied three subjects. In addition, he did all the homework.
-He studied three subjects in addition to doing all his homework.……………………………………………………………………………………………..
ا
ية
ىا ة
ذح
- I met Hany yesterday. I met Soha as well.(= too)
Best regards Tamer Saad
On the other hand
also
In addition
as well=too
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4
Rewrite the following sentences( using the word (s) in brackets)
to give the same meaning : 1- Although he is thin, he always wins the competitions. ( however )……………………………………………………………..
2-The bag was on the desk. The cat reached it. ( Although )……………………………………………………………..
3-Although Helen is deaf, she gave lectures. ( but)………………………………………………………………
4-She speaks Japanese, too. ( also)……………………………………………………………….
5- He fell off his bike. He wasn't injured. ( Despite)………………………………………………………………
6-Although the match was interesting, I didn't watch it. ( However)………………………………………………………………
7-He is polite, kind and cheerful. ( In addition)……….………………………………………………………
8-I'm not famous. People won't see my picture in the news paper. ( If )……….………………………………………………………
9-Although Hatem was tired, he didn't go to bed. ( Despite)……….………………………………………………………
10-They waited for an hour, but he didn't come. (although )……….………………………………………………………
11- He got up late because he went to bed late. ( If )……….………………………………………………………
12-Although he tried hard, he failed. ( Despite)……….……………………………………………………… 13-She learned Italian three years ago. ( for )……….………………………………………………………
14-Although he isn't rich, he is happy. ( but )……….………………………………………………………
15-You should do exercises every day. ( If I were you…..)……….………………………………………………………
16-He didn't buy the car because he didn't have enough money. ( If…..)……….………………………………………………………
17-First, I studied the lesson. Then, I did the homework. ( after )……….………………………………………………………
18-When the light went off, I was studying. ( while )
……….………………………………………………………
Best regards Tamer Saad
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5
-ػبغ
ؼث رجأ
عاYes, or No, Q.
2- بزعا
ثاح
رجأ
خ
عأWh. Question
ب
ثبا
ثاخ
ػ
غؤاي
ا
ىر
وخ
زؼرعا
ػ
ا
**ث
بث
ثبا
ذ
بو
غبػ, Yes, or Noاا
ؼث
غؤاي
ا
جأ
ا
ثػب
ا
ػ
ػبغ
ا
ؼ
ا
مر
ز
و
Yes, Ahmed is a doctor.-
Is Ahmed a doctor?
- yes, they are playing football now.
Are they playing football now?
-No, he is not. Aly is my father.Is Aly your brother?
ر
ز
my
إ
ثبا
your.غؤاي
ا
ىر
ػ
ثبا
ذ
بو
إا
ػ
ار جح ػي ؼو
اد
ا
بجرإ
ت
أ- ( اىية
ص جذذ حsent or pastr)
– جا to Doي
ىا
ص
بر ا ((V to do)
سع
ىا
صىا
-اع
ؼ
ا
بو
ااا
خ
ا
ػب
بو
إا
ا
بف
s or es ث
جأ
غؤاي
ا
Does ف
زs or es
ب
و
غؤاي
ا
ىر
ػ
عبعا
ؼ
ا
Yes, the sun rises in the east.Does the sun rise in the east?
2-
ا
ػب
بو
I, We, You, Theyاا
ث
جأ
غؤاي
ا
Do
No. I do not. I write my homework. Do you play games?
ض
ىا
صىا
3- جأ
عف
غؤاي
ا
ب
خ
بث
ػبغ
اؼبي
غج
ا
ب
ا
خ
ا
ؼ
بو
زDidاا
ب
ا
ز
ا
ب
ؼ
بو
عا
اي
ز
ا
ا
ح
ا
اعبع
خ
ا
ؼ
با
Yes, he travelled to Alexandria last week.
Did he travel to Alexandria last week ?
you…………………….… Iare…………………….….amري
Best regards Tamer Saad
1- Yes, or No, Question
Question in English
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6
- Wh. Words: What, Where, Why, When, Which, Who, When, Whose,
How, How long…? How much…? How many...? How far…?....etc
:
بز
بو
مخ
ا
غؤاي
ا
ىر
ز
--.
ػ بزعا اا ا ر2-.
بعجخ
ا
بزعا
أاح
ر
3-.خ
ا
بو
إا
بزعا
أاح
ؼث
ػب
ا
ػ
ػبغ
ا
ؼ
ا
مر
4-ػ
خ
ب
ػبغ
ؼ
بث ث
برا
خ
ا
ر
زV to do
ا
ؼ
غت
ػ
ا
ظ
ػب
ا
أ
غؤاي
ا
ىز
ا
مخ
ا
ا
(Yes, or No, question )
ر زػبم
ا جك
Hany.My name isWhat is your name?
fine.I amHow are you?
in the east.The sun risesWhere does the sun rise?
last year.I visited LuxorWhen did you visit Luxor?
to Salma.two lettersI have sent
How many letters have you sent to Salma?انشا انؤال How manyااة اخو* بذ يشة اى ح
21in 1998.the World CupBrazil won
1-What did Brazil win in 1998? 2-When did Brazil win the World Cup?
بزعا
ااح
ازعا
ػ
*Who
ػب
ا
ف
ز
لبػ
ػب
ػ
غؤاي
who : ث
-
traveled to Spain last week.Sara--Who traveled to Spain last week?
:بزعا
ااد
لبػح
رجك
ز
لبػ
ؼي
ػ
غؤاي
ذ
زعا
اا
ب
ا
*-
yesterday.DaliaI met--Who did you meet yesterday?
Best regards Tamer Saad
Be carefu l
2- Wh. Question
ة
( Wh ) + aux. v + S + V +…………….?
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7
- e: Exercis -using the words in brackets:Write questions
1-King Ramses built lots of temples.What………………………………………….…………………………..?2-He took the box to the other side of the river.
Where…………………………………………………………………….?3-Ayman has washed the glasses.Who………………………….……………………………………………?4-I have sent two letters to Salma.How maney……………………………………..…………….………..?5-Sedney is in Astralia.Where………………………………………..…………………………..?6-She didn't do her homework because she was tired.Why…………………………………………………………………………?
7-Ali looked after the sheep for three months.How long……………………………………………………..………….?8-Yesterday, I visited my uncle.Who……………………………………………………………..…………?9-I go to school by bus.How……………………………………………………………..…………?10-Yes, I'm ready to help you. Are…………………………………………………………….………..…?11-Yes, I have been to Paris.
Have……………………………………………………………….………?12-No, I don't. I like fish.Do…………………………………………………………………………..?13-No, I don't like meat.Do………………………………………………………………..…………?14-No, she doesn't like fish.Does…………………………………………………………..……………?15-A baker makes bread.Who…………………………………………………………..……………?16-He is eleven years old.How old……………………………………………………….…………..?17-Ali goes to school to learn.Why………………………………………………………………….……..?18-She was born in 1980.When……………………………………………………………………….?19-My favourite sport is football.What………………………………………………………………………..?
20-It's ten o'clock.What…………………………………………………………………………?
Best regards Tamer Saad
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8
ؼ
ج
ا خ
ىزر خ ػبخ
.+ ؼو + ؼه
ػ
Subject + Verb + Object.ارخ
اد
ا
بجرئث
ي
ج
إ
خ
ا
ر
ز
:-
-ا
خ
ا
ؼي
ج
.خ
بض
ا
خ
ا
ػب
2- زV to beازعا ر وخ ز عف (
ا خ
ا
ظ
خ
ا )
3-.عبعا
خ
ا
ؼ
ش
بض
ا
ز
بث
ر
pp)
عجك
(
خ-4
و زbyص خ
ا ػب زأ
ؼ
ا )ب ا ا (
خ
ا ر ىخ
-:ب
ActiveS V O
PassiveO V3 S
is , are
Ahmed studies English…………
Or by himAhmed.byedstudiisEnglish
Farmers sells crops to other people.
Crops are sold to other people(by farmers).
was , were
Ahmed studied English……………
imr by hAhmed.byedstudiwasEnglish
They built a new canal .
A new canal was built. (by them)
Best regards Tamer Saad
The Present Simple Tense
be b
be
The Past Simple Tense
be
Active and Passive voice
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9
Being
Ahmed is studying English…………… present continuous
imr by h Ahmed.byedstudibeingisEnglish
Farmers are planting wheat.
Wheat is being planted. ( by farmers )
Ahmed was studying English…………….. past continuous
imr by hAhmed.byedistudbeingEnglish was
been
Ahmed has studied English……………. present perfect
imr by hAhmed.byedstudibeenEnglish has
The government has spent about 5 billion pounds on desert land.
About 5 billion pounds have been spent on desert land.
Ahmed had studied English…………... past perfect
imr by hAhmed.byedstudibeenEnglish had
Best regards Tamer Saad
The Present and the Past Continuous Tense
The Present and The Past Perfect Tense
be
be
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been
The government has been developing the Toshka Valley.
The Toshka Valley has been developed by the government
be
Ahmed will study English……………..
imr by hAhmed.byedstudibeEnglish will
By 2020, the government will build houses there. By 2020,houses will be built there.
She can sell the old books.
The old books can be sold.
She is going to see the film. The film is going to be seen.
Best regards Tamer Saad
The Future simple Tense
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
be
be
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2
I was born………( not ' I am born…..)* I was born In Egypt.
give mple,have two objects. For exa ** Some verbs can2
)We gave the information to the police..=(the informationthe policeWe gave
So it is possible to make two passive sentences:-
were given the information.The police-1was given the police.The information-2
Other verbs which can have two objects are
إ ب
ر ى active
إpassive-
بج
ؼي
ثب
ز
ا
ا
- Birds fly high.2-) فث قجغ
( بج
بث اؼي ى زا ا
- I go to school every day.
Best regards Tamer Saad
Notice
be careful
ask offer ay show teach tell
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22
ه
و
ظ
أ
ؼ
ث
خ
ا
بخ
ل
عؤاي
ػب
+بزعا
ىز
ػب
ا
ث
زجػب
اعبعخ
خ
ا
ا
ػبغ
ا
ؼ
ا
ىز
(ؼىظ(
ا
ا اغؤاي ى ضجذ
ػبغا ؼا بو ا إا خ
Ex:-
Tom is American, isn't he?
Mona will travel to Luxor tomorrow, won't she?
He hasn't finished his work , has he ?Youssef and Mina haven't finished , have they ?
We are happy , aren't we ?
Samia wasn't at home , was she ?They'll visit us , won't they ?He can run fast , can't he ?
ؼب
زغ
ػبغ
ؼ
ػ
زر
ز
ا
ا
**
1- ………………………..……………….do, don't?
I, They, We, You ػب
ا بو غجا با خ
ا وبذ اا
I sleep well ,don't I ?
I don't speak French , do I ?
2- ………………….………..…….does, doesn't?
He, She, Itذ
بو
بػاا
ا
بو
غج
ا
ب
ا
خ
ا
Ali helps his mother , doesn't he ?She doesn't watch TV, does she ?
3-……………………..……….………did, didn't?
غجا ب
ا
خ
ا وبذ اا
He drew a picture , didn't he ?He didn't come , did he ?
Best regards Tamer Saad
Question Tag
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23
شة
ا اىو Open the door , won't you ?Don't waste your time , will you ?
Have/ has / had + حيل
ا ....)
ػبغ
ظ
عبعا
ؼ
ا
(خ
ا
ه
ؼ
ث
ب
I have a car , don't I ?She has a villa , doesn't she ?
We had a house , didn't we ?
I'm ………………………………………..………..……Aren't I ?
I'm not …………………………………………………..…..Am I ?
I'm sleepy , Aren't I ?I'm not hungry , Am I ?
There is ………………………………………..…..isn't there ?
There are …………………………………….…..aren't there ?
There was ………………………………….……wasn't there ?
There isn't any tea left , is there ?
This ……
م
ش
ض
…….. itخذو
That …… م
ش
ض
خذو
…….. it This isn't my pen, is it ?
These …… م
ش
ض
…….. theyخذو
Those …… م شض ……..theyخذو
These are our books, aren't they ?Someone / somebody / anyone / anybody …………..……..they ?
Someone came , didn't they ?
Something / anything / nothing ……………………………………..it ?
Something has happened , hasn't it ?
Best regards Tamer Saad
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24
: ح
اىزو اىؤاه ن ة
اىية
He walks to school , doesn't he ?
يى شا هنا ك ا ىن ظ
He never visits us , does he ?They hardlyاب
work hard , do they ?
There is no water at all , is there ?
: ىا ةيىا اى ب ات ن اىزو ىيشد ػي اىؤاه
Ali : He hasn't finished his work , has he ?
Samy : No, he hasn't .
Ali : he drew a picture , didn't he ?
Mona : Yes, he did
Best regards Tamer Saad
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25
بي
ز
عف
Reported Speech:
- -ج
ا ا Statement
2-
ا ادبج
ا Instructions and requests
غؤا-3
ا (No question-question * Yes-Wh )
و
ز
ا
ب
صإ
غبثمخ
ا
ا
أ
ضس
ا
ػ
خ
بػ
ػبل
جك
بج
و
إ
بج
أب
ب
ا إ ب اح ا خ
ا ر ز ***
ا ازد
ضزغ
)ا مج زا ؼث ا ؼا جبد)
ا خ
ابز
ا
ا
ػ
ش
Indirectش ش
ىاDirectغج
ا ب
ا
playedغج
ا با
play- plays
زغ
ا
ب
ا
was. were + v-ingزغ
ا
ب
ا
am, is, are + v-ing
ب
ا
بز
ا had playedبز
ا با
has, have + played
بز
ا
ب
ا
had playedغج
ا
ب
ا
played
Would, could, should, might, had to + inf Will, can, shall, may, must + inf
ب
بص
ب
و
ب
ا
بعت
زز
بى
ا
ب
ا
ف
ؼث
ر
ز
***
ش
Indirectش ش
ىاDirect
thennow
that daytoday
that nighttonight
the next day/the following daytomorrow
the day beforeyesterday
the following week next week
the year beforelast year
beforeago
thatthis
thosethese
therehere
sothus
Best regards Tamer Saad
Reported Speech
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26
اىو اىشة ا Statementsاى ا جخ ا ا ر ز: ربو بجا ىا ا بج-
-
ا وب ري مجر
Said said said to told2-
ر
الاط
''that''رف
ى
3-ب
ا
ىز
ا
غت
ب
ا
زر
4-غبث
ا
ي
ا
غت
خ
ا
ر
ز
غبث-5
ا ي ا ف غت ا ر ز6-***
اااااااب خ
*** ؼ م اىسع ارا
ص هىاsayاtellز ذؼ اا واد
صا جش ح م وحىا ذػ
He says, " I feel hungry.''He says that he feels hungry.
Hesham said, '' I'm coming home at six.''
Hesham said that he was coming home at six. Salma said to soha, ''I'm very tied.''Salma told Soha that she was very tired.
ح ىخ قنا ا ي تيصا م
He said to me ,''The sn rises in the east.''He told me that the sun rises in the eat.
****************************************************************
انم ايشة انطهت
Instruction and requestsه
ك
انقل
م
جم
حى
ايشة
م
نا
حل ان
said, said to told, advised, ordered + object حزف ب ايش يto + infاا شبظ ارا
not to + infي شيا ارا ه
ك
جم
حى
انطهب
م
يا
Said, said to asked حزف ب ايش يto + infا شبظ ارا
not to + infي شيا ارا )ة
يصا
ي
نا
نا
انحم
حى
(م
نا
ي
ع
نا
زا
يضنا
جم
حى
ة-يهظة:
هك كث يد asepleحى زف ارا
Ahmed said to the mechanic,'' Pump up the tyres.'' Ahmed told the mechanic to pump up the tyres. Adel said to his son, '' Don't play with matches.'' Adel told his son not to play with matches.
''Pass me the sugar ,please, Omar.'' said Hany.Hany asked Omar to pass him the sugar.
Best regards Tamer Saad
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27
(No question-* Yesquestion-Wh )انؤال
: ربو
ا ا ر ز- ا ري
Said, said to asked, wanted to k now -12-
ا
ا
بزعا
خ
و
ظ
ث
ث
الاط
رف
3- (بزعا
خ
و
ؼث
ا
ررت
ز
+بػ
)........ؼ
Wh + subject + verb……………
4-
ا ر ز
ا
ىز
ا
ىز
ا غت
ػ الاط ا خ -5
ا ر ز وب عجك
''Where did you spend your summer holiday ,Ali?'' said Soha.Soha asked Ali where he had spent his summer holiday.
Noha said to Reem,'' How much are you going to pay for anew car?''Noha asked Reem how much she was going to pay for anew car.
****************************************************************
: ربو
ا ا ر ز- ا
ري
Said, said to asked, wanted to know -1
2- ث
الاط
رف
if / whether /اا
ؼ
ث
3- خ
و
ؼث
ا
ررت
ز
if / whether )........ؼ
+ػب
(if / whether + sub + verb……………
4- ب
ا ر ز
ا
ىز
ا
ىز
ا غت
ػ الاط ا
5- خ
ا
ر
ز
عجك
ب
و
''Have you ever been to Paris , Maha?'' , said Nora.Nora asked Maha if she had ever been to Paris.
'' Are you going to visit your uncle tomorrow, Adel?'', said Tamer.Tamer asked Adel if he was going to visit his uncle the following day.
'' Can you speak French, Manal?'', asked Mona.
Mona asked Manal if she could speak French.
Best regards Tamer Saad
1- Wh – question
2 - Yes- No question
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28
- Exercise: - ose the correct answer: cho - 1
1- The teacher ………me if I had done my homework.( said – told - asked - advised )
2-My father told me…………….play in the street.( don't - can't - didn't - not to )
3- I asked him where ………( did he go - he had gone - had he gone - he has gone )
4- Ashraf asked Ali if he ……..his notebook at school the day before.( leaves - has left - had left - leaving )
5-My teacher asked me ………talk in class.( don't - can't - won't - not to )
6-The policeman asked the boy if he……………..anything.(have lost - had lost - losing - lose )
7-The doctor ……….the patient, ''Come back to see me next week.''(said to - told - asked - bsgged )
8-He asked where………….yesterday.(I went - did I go - had I gone - was I )
9-I said to my brother,''…………….make noise.''(Not - Don't - Not to - To )
10-Tom asked Ahmed,''……………………………………………..?''
( who is Snefru - Who Snefru was-Who Snefru is-Which is Snefru 11-She told me…………………swim in the canal again.( not to - don't - to - if )
12-He asked me,'' …………………speak English?''( You could – Would you - Can you - You can )
13-I asked Ali ……………….he would leave for school early.
( to - if - that - not to)
Best regards Tamer Saad
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29
in brackets)to give the ) s ( write the following ( using the word Re - 2 - same meaning:
1-''Draw pictures of some animals.''The teacher asked us……………………………………………………………………
2-''Have you ever been to Paris/'' Ali asked Maged…………………………………………………………………………… 3-''What does your father do, Tom?''Hesham asked………………………………………………………………………………
4- ''Don't be noisy,'' Hesham said to Dina.Hisham told Dina……………………………………………………………………………
5-''What did your father bring you on your birthday, Sally?''Noura asked …………………………………………………………………………………
6-''Where is Ahmed sitting?''Hany asked………………………………………………………………………………
7-Salma said to her father ,''Take me to the zoo.''Salma asked…………………………………………………………………………….
8-''Don't make much noise ,Salma'', Nadia said.Nadia told ………………………………………………………………………………
9-Tom asked Ahmed if he could tell him the best place to shop in Cairo. ( said to )
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10-Usaaaama told Zaki to help his poor relatives.Usama said……………………………………………………………………………..
11-Tom asked Ahmed if there was somewhere to relax. ( said to)………………………………………………………………………………………………
12-''What did you do last week, Mona?''Hala asked………………………………………………………………………………
13-''Are you going to visit Alexandria during this trip,Tom?'' Ahmed asked Tom…………………………………………………………………..
14-''Which film did you watch yesterday?''My father asked me …………………………………………………………………
Best regards Tamer Saad
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31
ػب
ا
ر ب subjectيؼ
ا
ر اobjectا
ؼىغخ
reflexiveى
ب possessiveاب
SubjectivePro.
ObjectivePro.
Possessiveadj.
PossessivePro.
ReflexivePro.
I me my mine myself
ه He him his his himself
ه She her her hers herself
هو و هى غير ع ق It it its its itself
هم They them their theirs themselves
ح We us our ours ourselves
ت You you your yours yourself
م You you your yours yourselves
.myself * I haven't hurtin the mirror.herself * Soha couldn't see
ourselves see* We couldn't
last Sundayhim * Ali is a taxi driver. I met
.mine *This pen is
new hat my *This is.are good at EnglishThey *
.theirs *This house is
uniform is dirty.Your *
garden is beautiful.Our *
1- I have got two uncles. I visited………..on Friday.
( him – they – them – their )
2-This is ………….book. Give it to her.
(herself-her-his-she)
3-They visit ……….aunt every Friday.
(them- their-they- themselves)
4-He will hurt………..if he is not careful.(he – himself- him – his )Best regards Tamer Saad
ب اThe Pronouns
Choose the correct answer:-
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3
ا
ؼ
ا
ثؼب
ر
ا
رس
ب
ا
رس
ذ
بو
بػ
ػ
جؼز
ا
ر
" 1 "used to + v
* When I was young , I used to play in the street.
Now I play in the club.
Negative
Used to didn't use to
* He didn't use to smoke much .
* She didn't use to go to the cinema.
Question
did …..use toUsed to
* What did he use to do when he was young?
He used to play in the street.
Did …..use toUsed to
Did he use to play in the street when he was young ?
Yes, he did.
No he didn't.
Best regards Tamer Saad
ا ""Used toاػحد
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32
Relative Clauses
Who) خنا / زنا ( حخذو نخش ا م
Ex.A pilot is a person who flies a plane.
A diver is a person who who goes down under water.
Which
ا
(م
غش
ا
شخن
حخذو
–طس
–).......Exاث
A nightingale is a bird which sings beautifully.A cow is an animal which gives us milk.
احخذاو
thatيم
نحم
م
ش
ك
hichwho or w
Thatانخ نهم غش انم ا زنا
Ex.A scientist is a person that does experiments.
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
Where ي شح ا ن وذخح
Ex.sick people go.whereis a placeA hospital
ood.we cook our fwhereis a placeA kitchen
scored a wonderful goal.whichThis is the footballer-1
was giant.whereHe saw the cat-2
was flat.whoHesham is pumping up the tyre-3I met yesterday.whereThis is the girl-4
she saw the High Dam.whenswanAAmal visited-5
lives near her school.whereLaila saw the woman-6 I was born.thatThis is the house-7Best regards Tamer Saad
who
which
where
that
Read and correct the underlined words:
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بش-1
انؤال
ا
هت
نا
capitalحذأ
2-ش
ناI
ا
بذ
ه
نا
ي
ا
capitalبش-3
حذأ
حا
اcapital او
(ا
خAhmed, Mona, Mohammed, Reda, Osama………)
و اع
(Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday)
انس
(January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September,
October, November, December)انهغت
(Arabic, English, French, Turkish, Japanese………..)اناسع
ت
نا
اناى
ذ
نا
اند
انقسات
ا
( Egypt, England, Cairo, Egyptian, Turkey,……………..)
4- ب خح ته
نا . full stop
ب -5 خ لاؤناquestion mark ?
apostropheض-6 'حا ثاسخا
(I'm/ He's/ They're/ we're/ I've/ We've/ I'll/ They'll……………)
(Ahmed's car……O'clock….the butcher's……..the baker's)
commaحض-7 ه, ث ساث
ه بذ
ur wheat and mendedharvest o,built a road,we plant some trees,ast yearL-
.the water pump
,No ,Yes .ridayFairo lastCelal inHader andN,hmedA,onaMmetI-
-What's his father's name?
-Is Egypt in the north east of Africa?8-) ش
نا ) انو خنا ثي''…………………….''Speech marks- ahmed said, i have finished my homework
.''have finished my homeworkI''hmed said,A-
-soha asked her father , can i go to the shops?''go to the shopsIan''Coha asked her father ,S-
Best regards Tamer Saad
Punctuation Marksيث انخشى
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34
Irregular verbs
V1فعل V2 V3 / pp V1فعل V2 V3 / pp
be was/were been lay laid laid
become became become leave left left
begin began begun lend lent lentbend bent bent let let let
bite bit bitten lie lay lain
blow blew blown light lit lit
break broke broken lose lost lost
bring brought brought make made made
build built built mean ment ment
buy bought bought meet met met
catch caught caught pay paid paidchoose chose chosen put put put
come came come read read(red) read(red)
cost cost cost ride rode ridden
cut cut cut ring rang rung
dig dug dug rise rose risen
do did done run ran run
draw drew drawn say said said
drink drank drunk see saw seendrive drove driven sell sold sold
eat ate eaten send sent sent
fall fell fallen set set set
feed fed fed shake shook shaken
feel felt felt shoot shot shot
find found found shut shut shut
fly flew flown sing sang sung
forbid forbade forbidden sit sat satforget forgot forgotten sleep slept slept
forgive forgave forgiven speak spoke spoken
freeze froze frozen spend spent spent
get got got stand stood stood
give gave given sweep swept swept
go went gone swim swam swum
grow grew grown take took taken
hang hung hung teach taught taught
have had had think thought thought
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hear heard heard tell told told
hit hit hit throw threw thrown
hold held held understand understood understood
hide hid hidden wake woke woken
hurt hurt hurt win won won
keep kept kept write wrote written
know knew knew