· nutrizione ed epigenetica - prof.ssa franca saccucci. abstract send to: cold spring harb...
TRANSCRIPT
Memoria cellulare
Quando una cellula di un organismo
multicellulare diventa impegnata a differenziare
in un tipo cellulare specifico, la scelta del destino
è generalmente mantenuta attraverso molte
generazioni cellulari successive, il che significa
che i cambiamenti di espressione genica coinvolti
nella scelta devono essere ricordati
In alcuni casi l’espressione di alcuni geni può variare secondo se sono stati ereditati per via
paterna o materna. Questa espressione differenziale viene definita
“imprinting genomico”
l’epigenoma e l’epigenetica
Epigenoma: trasformazioni del genoma a livello cellulare
Epigenetica: la trasmissibilità di queste trasformazioni nelle generazioni successive
Epigenetic phenomena
heritable alternative states of gene
activity that do not result from
altered nucleotide sequence
AbstractSend to:Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Nov 2;7(11). pii: a019422. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019422.Germline and Pluripotent Stem Cells.Reik W1, Surani MA2.Author informationAbstractSUMMARYEpigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in the germline and imprinting cycle. Germ cells show extensive epigenetic programming in preparation for the generation of the totipotent state, which in turn leads to the establishment of pluripotent cells in blastocysts. The latter are the cells from which pluripotent embryonic stem cells are derived and maintained in culture. Following blastocyst implantation, postimplantation epiblast cells develop, which give rise to all somatic cells as well as primordial germ cells, the precursors of sperm and eggs. Pluripotent stem cells in culture can be induced to undergo differentiation into somatic cells and germ cells in culture. Understanding the natural cycles of epigenetic reprogramming that occur in the germline will allow the generation of better and more versatile stem cells for both therapeutic and research purposes.Copyright © 2015 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.