《大学英语网络课程》课题组 new century english, book i unit seven the richest man in...

《大学英语网络课程》课题组

New Century English, Book INew Century English, Book I

UNIT SEVENUNIT SEVEN

The Richest Man in the WorldThe Richest Man in the World

• Text Text

• Grammar TipsGrammar Tips

• Reading SkillsReading Skills

• Practical ReadingPractical Reading

• Practical WritingPractical Writing

Unit 7Unit 7

• Background InformationBackground Information

• Lead InLead In

• Word BankWord Bank

• Intensive StudyIntensive Study

• Web ResourcesWeb Resources

Unit 7 Text Unit 7 Text

Bill GatesBill Gates

Microsoft CorporationMicrosoft Corporation

Lake WashingtonLake Washington

Background InformationBackground Information

Bill GatesBill Gates


William Henry, III(1955--- ), American business executive, ch

airman and chief executive office of Microsoft Corporation. He wa

s born in Seattle, Washington. Gates cofounded Microsoft in 1975

with Paul Allen, his high school friend and partner in computer –la

nguage development from 1967.


Fascinated by computers by the age of 12, Gates was involved with

various programming projects throughout high school. While attending

Harvard in 1975, Gates teamed with Allen to develop a version of the BASIC

computer-programming language for the Altair, the first personal computer.

As a result of this work on BASIC, Gates decided to drop out of Harvard

University in his junior year to devote his time to Microsoft, pursuing his vision

of a computer on every desk and in every home, the idea behind the company.

In the early 1980s, Gates led Microsoft’s evolution from a developer of

programming languages to a diversified software company producing

operating systems and applications software as well as programming tools. This

transition began in 1981 with Microsoft’s introduction of MS-DOS, the

operating system for the IBM PC, the new personal computer from

International Business Machines Corporation(IBM).


Gates persuaded other computer manufacturers to

standardize on MS-DOS, fueling software compatibility and

computer industry growth in the 1980s. Gates also pushed

Microsoft to introduce application software, such as Microsoft

word-processing software for the IBM PC. In a key strategic

move, Gates agreed to develop application soft-ware for the

Macintosh, made by Apple Computer, prior to the release of the

first Mac in 1984. This strengthened Microsoft’s position as a

developer of applications that take advantage of the graphical

user interface.


Much of Gates’ success rests on his ability to translate technical

visions into market strategy, and to blend creativity with technical

acumen. He has accumulated one of the world’s largest personal

fortunes from his holdings of Microsoft stock and is known for his

personal and corporate contributions to charity and educational

organizations. Gates continues to be personally involved in

product development at Microsoft. His willingness to back new

technologies such as Microsoft Windows NT, and workgroup

applications has kept Microsoft at the forefront of computer

hardware and software evolution.


Gates has made personal investments in other high-technology

companies. In 1988 he founded Corbis Corporation, which now o

wns the largest collection of digital images in the world. In 1995 C

orbis purchased the Bettmann Archive of 16 million photographic

images and announced plans to digitize part of the collection. In 1

994 Gates and Craig McCaw, a pioneer in the celluar telecommun

ications industry, became primary investors in Teledesic Corporat

ion. Teledesic planned to launch several hundred low-orbiting arti

ficial satellites to create a global, high-speed telecommunications n

etwork.



Microsoft is the leading American computer software company.

Microsoft was founded in 1975 by William H. Gates III and Paul Allen. The

pair had teamed up in high school through their hobby of programming on

the original PDP-10 computer from the Digital Equipment Corporation. In

1975 they collaborated on the first version of the BASIC programming

language for the Altair, the first personal computer. This led to the formation

of Microsoft in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in the same year. In 1979 Gates

and Allen moved the company to a suburb of their hometown of Seattle. Allen

resigned in 1983 due to health reasons, but later rejoined the company’s

board of directors. Microsoft has grown from 15 employees and $500,000 in

revenues in 1978 to more than 20,000employees and $8.7 billion in revenues

for the fiscal year ending in June 1996.



In 1999 the U.S. software giant suffered a serious setback in

its battle with the U.S. government over anticompetitive

practices, but still managed to increase its earnings by 68% to

$7.8 billion for the year ending June 30.

As Microsoft wades through the U.S. government’s efforts to

subdue its dominance of PC operating systems and Web

browsers, one possible outcome is the division , or spinning-off,

of some of its operations, which begs a question: After four years

at the top of the 200 big companies, will Microsoft be No.1 again

next year? Or No. 1 and No.2?

Lake WashingtonLake Washington


This long narrow lake separates Seattle from East king

County. Once a formidable barrier to transportation, the lake is

now crossed by two floating bridges which have contributed to

the rapid growth of this part of the metropolitan area.

Lead inLead in

Topic-Related Words or PhrasesTopic-Related Words or Phrases

Content QuestionsContent Questions

Lead InLead In

I. Lead In

If you possess a large amount of If you possess a large amount of money, what will you do with it?money, what will you do with it?

Ideas:Ideas: buy lottery tickets, deposit it in buy lottery tickets, deposit it in

the bank, hide it in a save or under the bank, hide it in a save or under the mattress, invest it in stock, the mattress, invest it in stock, spend it on luxuriesspend it on luxuries

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

Lead InLead In

American dream American dream 美国梦美国梦

creativity creativity 创造性创造性 setback setback 挫折挫折

bankruptcy bankruptcy 破产破产

Perseverance Perseverance 毅力毅力

Topic-related Words or PhrasesTopic-related Words or Phrases

1.1. Who is Bill Gates? Who is Bill Gates?

2. How rich is he?2. How rich is he?

3. Where does he get all his money?3. Where does he get all his money?

II. II. Content Questions Content Questions


4. How does the author describe the amount 4. How does the author describe the amount of his money?of his money?

5. How does he spend his money according to 5. How does he spend his money according to the text?the text?

6. What will the visitors find in Bill’s house?6. What will the visitors find in Bill’s house?



7. Anybody who wants to visit Bill’s house can 7. Anybody who wants to visit Bill’s house can go about his house, can’t he?go about his house, can’t he?

8. What does “this cold-blooded approach” refer to?

9. 9. Why is Bill Gates’ love life described as cold-blooded?



10. Who is Ann Winblad?

11. How did they enjoy themselves by going to movies?

12. Why did they do it in such a way?



13.What did Bill Gates sign with his wife when they got married?

14. What does the nickname “King of the Nerds” mean?

15.15. Why does the author say this was simply unfair?



16. How did he manage to be in the same class as the girls he fancied in Harvard University?

17. Why did he leave Harvard University before graduation?

18. Why is Microsoft so successful?



19. What is the main business of Microsoft?

20. When id Bill Gates become a billionaire?

21. What is Windows?



22. Do you know how many people in the world use Windows?

23. What is Bill Gates engaged in nowadays?

24. Why does he want to develop HPC?


New WordsNew Words

Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions

CollocationsCollocations

Word BankWord Bank


New Words New Words

afford v. have enough money for sth. 买得起

annual adj. every year or once a year 年度的

approach n. 方法

billionaire n. 亿万富翁

click v. make a slight short sound 轻击

conduct v. direct; manage 处理；管理

develop v. bring existence of 开发

encode v. turn(a message) into code 编码

estimate v. make a rough calculation 估计


New Words New Words

exchange v. give and receive as equivalents 交换

fancy v. have a liking for 喜欢

fortune n. 财气；运气

gadgetry n. 小机器

hardware n. 硬件

high-tech adj. 高科技

icon n. 图标

insert v. put an object into 插入

intention n. an aim or purpose 意图，目的


New Words New Words

intimate adj. close in relationship 亲密的

manage v. succeed in doing 达到，做成

mobile n. a telephone that you can carry with you 手机

monitor n. 显示器；监控器

mouse n. 鼠标

nerd n. 电脑迷；笨蛋

output n. 产量

overlook v. have a view from above 俯瞰


New Words New Words

pack v. fill or crowd 挤满，塞满

plot n. 情节

preference n. 偏爱

screen n. 屏幕

share n. 股份

software n. 软件

tycoon n. 大亨

virtual adj. nearly true 虚拟的

wander v. move about without any purpose 漫步


Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions

alarm clock 闹钟 finish college 大学毕业

leave behind 撇下 on (the ) screen 在显示屏上

start up 创办 virtual date 网上约会

annual holiday 年假 go off 响起

lie in 在于 smart card 智能卡

take up 占用


CollocationsCollocations

an approach to 处理方法

click on 点击

be shy about doing 怯于做

be based on 以……为基础

pack with 用……塞满

be true of 对……适用

Read inRead in

中文译文

In the compute world, there is one man who is too

influential to miss — Bill Gates. Do you know anything about

him? Are you interested in his wealth, his life, and his key to

success? Read the following text.

Text

The Richest Man in the World

11 Bill Gates is the richest private citizen in the world. There Bill Gates is the richest private citizen in the world. There

is nothing he can’t is nothing he can’t afford. Every morning, when his alarm clock

goes off, the software tycoon is $20 million richer than when he

went to bed. His wealth is based on his company, Microsoft, of

which he owns 39% of the shares. He has a personal fortune

estimated at ￡￡ 18 billion which is more than the 18 billion which is more than the annual

economic output of over a hundred countries.

22 He is not shy about spending it. He has built a mansion He is not shy about spending it. He has built a mansion

overlooking Lake Washington that he’s overlooking Lake Washington that he’s packed with high-tech

gadgetry and TV monitors, some taking up an entire wall. Visitors

are given a smart card encoded with their personal

TextText

中文译文

preferences, so that, as they , so that, as they wander from room to room, their favo from room to room, their favo

rite pictures will appear on the screens, and the music they like rite pictures will appear on the screens, and the music they like

will play. The card is will play. The card is programmed so that only the most intimate fonly the most intimate f

riends can open all the doors. riends can open all the doors.

33 This cold-blooded This cold-blooded approach to human relationships also seems to human relationships also seems

to to be true of his love lifehis love life. When he went out with an ex-girlfriend, . When he went out with an ex-girlfriend,

Ann Winblad, who is now a very successful businesswoman, the cAnn Winblad, who is now a very successful businesswoman, the c

ouple ouple conducted much of their relationship by going on much of their relationship by going on virtual dat dat

es. Each would drive alone to the same movie at the same time in es. Each would drive alone to the same movie at the same time in

different towns, and then talk about it afterwards on their mobiledifferent towns, and then talk about it afterwards on their mobile

s, discussing the plots and s, discussing the plots and exchanging opinions. When finally he g opinions. When finally he g

ot married, he and his wife, Melinda, signed an ot married, he and his wife, Melinda, signed an

TextText

中文译文

Agreement that allows him to go on an annual holiday with his ex-

lover, Ann, leaving his wife behind.

44 Gates has been called “King of the Nerds”, but this simply Gates has been called “King of the Nerds”, but this simply

isn’t fair. In the ninth grade at school, he got A’s in all the isn’t fair. In the ninth grade at school, he got A’s in all the

subjects he took, which put him among the top ten students in the subjects he took, which put him among the top ten students in the

nation. Gates went on to Harvard University, where he nation. Gates went on to Harvard University, where he

managed to be in the same class as he girls he fancied by inserting a

piece of software into the college computer. But he never finished

college. When he left, he knew exactly what to do. He started up his

own computer company.

55 The reason why Microsoft has been so successful is because

Gates saw that his fortune lay in software, not hardware.

TextText

中文译文

He became a billionaire at 31, and since then Microsoft has He became a billionaire at 31, and since then Microsoft has

created Windows, which is a system that can be run by clicking created Windows, which is a system that can be run by clicking

on icons with a mouse. on icons with a mouse.

66 Now the multi-billionaire, whose software is used in two-Now the multi-billionaire, whose software is used in two-

thirds of the world’s computers, is thirds of the world’s computers, is developing the HPC, or hand-

held personal computer. It is his intention that there should be a

computer in the pocket of everybody in the whole world.

TextText

中文译文

在计算机界，有一个影响巨大不可忽略的人物—— 那就是比尔 · 盖茨。你对他有所了解吗？你对他的财富，他的生活以及他成功的秘诀感兴趣吗？请读下面这篇文章。

课文

世界上最富有的人

课文译文课文译文

比尔 · 盖茨是世界上最富有的人，天下没有他买不起的东西。每天清晨，闹钟响过之后，这位软件巨头又比他上床前多了 2 ， 000 万美元。他的财富来自他的公司—— 微软公司，他拥有该公司 39 ％的股份。据估计，他的个人财产已达 1800

亿英镑，超过了一百多个国家的年经济总产值。比尔 · 盖茨花钱毫不吝啬。他修建了一栋俯瞰华盛顿湖的

豪宅，里面处处都是高科技装置和电视屏，有些占据了整面墙壁。来访者可以领到一张智能卡，其中录入了来访者的个人爱好编码。


因此，当客人从一个房间参观到另一个房间时，屏幕上会出现他们最喜欢的画面，他们喜爱的音乐也会响起来。每张智能卡都编有特制的程序，因此只有最亲密的朋友才能打开所有的门。

比尔 · 盖茨也用他处理人际关系的这种冷酷的方式处理他的爱情生活。与前任女友安 · 温布莱德（现在是商界一个成功女士）外出约会时，这对情侣通常以虚拟约会的方式来维持关系。两个人会同时驾车去不同的地方看同一部电影，然后通过移动电话讨论这部电影的情节，交换看法。最后到了结婚时，他与妻子梅林达签订了一份


协议，明确自己能与以前的情人安每年去度一次假，而把妻子撇在一边。

盖茨一直被人称为“傻子王”，其实这是不公平的。上九年级时，他选修的所有科目都得了 A ，这使他跻身于全国前十名优等生之列。盖茨就这样一直念到哈佛大学。在哈佛大学，为了能与他喜欢的女孩们同班，他曾在学校的计算机里插入了一个软件而使自己如愿以偿。但他最终没有读完大学。离开哈佛时，他心里很清楚自己该做什么，他创建了自己的电脑公司。

微软公司如此成功的原因在于盖茨明白他的财富在于软件开发方面，而不是硬件。


31岁时，他就成了一位亿万富翁。从那时起，微软公司就开发出了视窗软件，只需用鼠标点击一下图标，计算机就可以在这个系统中运行。目前，世界上有三分之二的电脑都使用比尔 · 盖茨的软件。

而这位亿万富翁现在正在研制一种掌上计算机，他的目标是让全世界每个人的口袋里都装有一台计算机。


e.g. e.g.

• He is too fat to run fast. He is too fat to run fast. 他太胖了而不能跑快。他太胖了而不能跑快。• He is too young to join the army. He is too young to join the army.

他年纪太小了而不能参军。他年纪太小了而不能参军。

Too … to … 太…而不能

Key :Key : n. n. 关键，钥匙，答案关键，钥匙，答案 (to) (to)

e.g. e.g.

• a key to the grammar exercises a key to the grammar exercises 语法练习答案语法练习答案• a key to a door a key to a door 开门的钥匙开门的钥匙• a key to one's success a key to one's success 成功的秘诀成功的秘诀

afford : afford : Vt.Vt. 提供提供 , , 给予给予 , , 供应得起供应得起

afford somethingafford something / afford to do something/ afford to do something

e.g.e.g.

• He can afford to buy a house in the downtown. He can afford to buy a house in the downtown.

• I can’t afford a new car right now. I can’t afford a new car right now.

• Can you afford $10,000 for a wedding ring?Can you afford $10,000 for a wedding ring?

• How can you afford to dine out every weekend?How can you afford to dine out every weekend?

• We can’t afford to waste one single moment. We can’t afford to waste one single moment.

Go off:Go off: begin to ring; make a loud noise begin to ring; make a loud noise 响起响起

e.g.e.g.

• The signal pistol went off with a bang. The signal pistol went off with a bang.

信号枪砰的一声响了。信号枪砰的一声响了。• The alarm clock went off at six and woke me.The alarm clock went off at six and woke me.

• Our neighbor’s car alarm is always going off in the middle Our neighbor’s car alarm is always going off in the middle

of night.of night.

base… on:base… on: use as a basis for use as a basis for 根据，基于根据，基于

Be based on / upon Be based on / upon …… …… 基于基于

e.g.e.g.

• His conclusion was based on experiments.His conclusion was based on experiments.

• The film is based on a novel by Dickens.The film is based on a novel by Dickens.

• He always bases his theory on the result of the He always bases his theory on the result of the

experiment.experiment.

• Mike usually bases his stories on the real life of Mike usually bases his stories on the real life of

ordinary people.ordinary people.

estimate:estimate: guess an amount, price or number as exactly as you canguess an amount, price or number as exactly as you can

V. V. 评估，估计，估价评估，估计，估价

e.g. e.g.

• It’s been estimated that the number of car-owners will It’s been estimated that the number of car-owners will

increase by 10%.increase by 10%.

• It is difficult to estimate how many illegal guns there are in It is difficult to estimate how many illegal guns there are in

America.America.

• I estimate that he earns at least $ 1,000 a month. Otherwise I estimate that he earns at least $ 1,000 a month. Otherwise

he wouldn’t have taken up the job.he wouldn’t have taken up the job.

annual:annual: happening every year happening every year 每年的，年度的每年的，年度的

e.g. e.g.

• The company has 5,000 employees, with an annual turnov

er of one billion dollars.

• What is the annual rainfall in this area?

这个地区的年降雨量是多少？这个地区的年降雨量是多少？

output:output: the amount of something that is made; production the amount of something that is made; production n. n.

产量，输出，输出量产量，输出，输出量

e.g.e.g.

• The world output of crude oil this year is 10 % higher than The world output of crude oil this year is 10 % higher than

last year. last year.

• The car factory had a large output last year.The car factory had a large output last year.

• the total value of industrial output the total value of industrial output 工业总产值工业总产值• the annual output of steel the annual output of steel 钢的年产量钢的年产量

e.g.e.g.

• We’re going on holiday tomorrow, and I haven’t started paWe’re going on holiday tomorrow, and I haven’t started pa

cking yet!cking yet!

• Bill packed all his books into boxes.Bill packed all his books into boxes.

• They packed their bags and left.

他们把行李打好了包就动身了。

Pack: vt. put things into cases 包装 , 捆扎 , 塞满 ,

take up:take up: fill (a place), occupy fill (a place), occupy 占据占据

e.g.e.g.

• The oceans take up the greater part of the earth’s surface.

• This table takes up too much room.

• I won’t go to the opera because it takes too much time.

• I’m afraid that this bed will take up too much space.

PreferencePreference n. a thing you prefer n. a thing you prefer 偏爱，优先选择偏爱，优先选择

e.g.

• We could eat Chinese, Japanese or Indian food – do you

have any preference?

• I have a preference for the theatre rather than the cinema.

wander:wander: walk slowly without purpose walk slowly without purpose 漫步漫步

e.g.e.g.

• The children wandered about in the woods.The children wandered about in the woods.

• Mary wandered the streets, looking for her dog.Mary wandered the streets, looking for her dog.

So that : So that : 以便；因此以便；因此

e.g.e.g.

• I want to get a college degree so that I can find a better I want to get a college degree so that I can find a better

job.job.

• I want to learn English well so that I can study abroad I want to learn English well so that I can study abroad

after graduation.after graduation.

• I am preparing for the final examination. I must get a I am preparing for the final examination. I must get a

better grade so that I can win a scholarship.better grade so that I can win a scholarship.

programprogram :: enter a set of instructions into a computer so that i enter a set of instructions into a computer so that i

t will do a certain functiont will do a certain function 编制程序

e.g.e.g.

• My computer is programmed to perform difficult calculMy computer is programmed to perform difficult calcul

ations.ations.

• John programmed his computer to sound an alarm in thJohn programmed his computer to sound an alarm in th

e morning.e morning.

• Please program the computer to do the job instead of maPlease program the computer to do the job instead of ma

nual operation. nual operation. 请给电脑编制一个程序请给电脑编制一个程序 ,, 以便进行这项以便进行这项

工作代替手工操作。工作代替手工操作。

approach:approach: a method of doing something or dealing with a proa method of doing something or dealing with a pro

blem blem 方法，途径方法，途径

e.g.e.g.

• There are two basic approaches to teaching a foreign There are two basic approaches to teaching a foreign

language.language.

• He failed to come up with a better approach.He failed to come up with a better approach.

Be true of …:Be true of …: be the same to … be the same to … 对…也一样，符合…对…也一样，符合…

e.g.e.g.

• The same is true of the way of the life in Japan.The same is true of the way of the life in Japan.

• Chinese use chopsticks to have meals. This is also true Chinese use chopsticks to have meals. This is also true

of Japanese. of Japanese.

conduct: v. direct, manage 处理，管理，实施

e.g.e.g.

• John was appointed to conduct the advertising campaigJohn was appointed to conduct the advertising campaig

n.n.

• The company conducted a survey to find out people’s rThe company conducted a survey to find out people’s r

eaction to its new product.eaction to its new product.

• My aunt conducts her business very successfully.My aunt conducts her business very successfully.

我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。

virtual:virtual: nearly true nearly true 虚拟的虚拟的

e.g.e.g.

• The virtual reality program made it seem as though I The virtual reality program made it seem as though I

were piloting a plan.were piloting a plan.

• A virtual business is one that exists in cyberspace.A virtual business is one that exists in cyberspace.

exchange:exchange: give something to someone in return for something elsgive something to someone in return for something els

e e 交换，调换交换，调换

e.g.e.g.

• They still exchange gifts at Christmas.

• Where can I exchange my dollars for pound?

• Can I exchange my clothes for your bread?

leave … behind:leave … behind: fail to bring or takefail to bring or take 把…留在后面

e.g.e.g.

• She was in such a hurry that she left her umbrella behind.She was in such a hurry that she left her umbrella behind.

• I have left my coat behind in the restaurant.I have left my coat behind in the restaurant.

• I had to leave him behind when I joined the army.I had to leave him behind when I joined the army.

• I am coming. Don’t leave me behind.I am coming. Don’t leave me behind.

Agreement Agreement n. n. 一致，协议，协定一致，协议，协定

Sign an agreement Sign an agreement

e.g.e.g.

• They signed an agreement of cooperation.They signed an agreement of cooperation.

• We are going to sign an agreement with him.We are going to sign an agreement with him.

• He signed an agreement with his wife when they got He signed an agreement with his wife when they got

married.married.

Manage to do something Manage to do something 设法做成某事设法做成某事

e.g.e.g.

• He managed to get here in time. He managed to get here in time.

• Although he’s not good at English, he still managed to Although he’s not good at English, he still managed to

pass the English exam. pass the English exam.

fancy :fancy : like or be attracted to someone; wantlike or be attracted to someone; want

喜欢，喜爱，想要

e.g.e.g.

• I don‘t fancy fish today. I don‘t fancy fish today. 今天我不想吃鱼。今天我不想吃鱼。• I fancy that girl. I fancy that girl. 我喜欢那个女孩。我喜欢那个女孩。• Would you fancy a cool drink?Would you fancy a cool drink?

• After a hard day at work, I fancy a hot bath.After a hard day at work, I fancy a hot bath.

Insert: Insert: vt. put something inside something else vt. put something inside something else 插入插入 , , 嵌入嵌入

e.g.e.g.

• Please insert your credit card into the slot.

• Bill inserted a bookmark into the book.

The reason why … is that…

e.g.e.g.

• The reason why I am late is that the traffic is too heavy The reason why I am late is that the traffic is too heavy

after the first snow.after the first snow.

• The reason why I didn’t come is that my mother was ill and The reason why I didn’t come is that my mother was ill and

I had to send her to hospital.I had to send her to hospital.

• The reason why I won’t go to the party is that I must go on The reason why I won’t go to the party is that I must go on

with the examination.with the examination.

lie in:lie in: exist inexist in 在于

e.g.e.g.

• The beauty of Suzhou lies in its traditional design of garThe beauty of Suzhou lies in its traditional design of gar

dens.dens.

• His failure in the interview lay in his lack of confidence.His failure in the interview lay in his lack of confidence.

e.g. e.g.

• We’ve developed the project from an original idea We’ve developed the project from an original idea

by Johnson.by Johnson.

• We must develop all the natural substances in our We must develop all the natural substances in our

country.country.

develop: invent or produce a new product 开发

e.g. e.g.

• He has no intention of buying a new car.He has no intention of buying a new car.

• He has every intention of going to Paris to study He has every intention of going to Paris to study

French.French.

intention: plan, purpose 目的，意图

• http://www.microsoft.com/billgates/default.asp

---- the official site of Bill Gates---- the official site of Bill Gates

• http://ei.cs.vt.edu/http://ei.cs.vt.edu/ ～～ history/Gates.Mirick.htmlhistory/Gates.Mirick.html

---- a short biography of Bill Gates---- a short biography of Bill Gates

• http://www.ihatebillgates.com/

---- opposing views about Bill Gates and Microsoft---- opposing views about Bill Gates and Microsoft

Web resources Web resources

http://www.microsoft.com/billgates/default.asp

http://www.ihatebillgates.com/

形容词和副词的比较结构形容词和副词的比较结构

标示确指数字时，标示确指数字时， ten, hundred, thousand, million, billionten, hundred, thousand, million, billion 等只用单数形等只用单数形式，不能用复数形式。式，不能用复数形式。

There are eight thousand students in this college. There are eight thousand students in this college. （这间大学有（这间大学有 80008000 学生。）学生。）

The dictionary is worth two hundred dollars.The dictionary is worth two hundred dollars. （这本字典值（这本字典值 200200 美元。）美元。）

但在某些表示概数的习语中，如 “成百上千”、“成千上万”、“成但在某些表示概数的习语中，如 “成百上千”、“成千上万”、“成百万”等，基数词要用复数形式。百万”等，基数词要用复数形式。

Thousands of people gathered in the park when the president was going tThousands of people gathered in the park when the president was going to give a speech. o give a speech.

(( 当总统将要进行演讲时，成千上万的人聚集在公园里。当总统将要进行演讲时，成千上万的人聚集在公园里。 ))

Grammar Tips Grammar Tips


数词常与名词连用构成复合定语，中间要用连字符 “数词常与名词连用构成复合定语，中间要用连字符 “ -”-” ，而且名词只用单，而且名词只用单数形式。数形式。

The workers in this factory will have a two-week holiday next week. The workers in this factory will have a two-week holiday next week. (( 这家公厂的工人下星期将放假两个星期。这家公厂的工人下星期将放假两个星期。 ) )

She has written a six-hundred-word article. She has written a six-hundred-word article. (( 她写一篇她写一篇 600600 字的文章。字的文章。 ))

““ 几分之几”的英语表示方法：分子用基数，分母用序数。当分子大于一几分之几”的英语表示方法：分子用基数，分母用序数。当分子大于一时，分母的序数形式用复数。时，分母的序数形式用复数。

one third (one third ( 三分之一三分之一 )) two fifths(two fifths( 五分之二五分之二 )) He finished the exercise in one third of the time it usually took.He finished the exercise in one third of the time it usually took.

(( 他在通常所需时间的三分之一内完成了练习。他在通常所需时间的三分之一内完成了练习。 ))



当表示“当表示“ AA 是是 BB 的多少倍”时，常用“的多少倍”时，常用“…… times astimes as++形容词形容词 //副词原级副词原级 + + as”as” 这一结构。这一结构。

Our house is three times as big as theirs. Our house is three times as big as theirs.

（我们的房子是他们的三倍大。）（我们的房子是他们的三倍大。）

当表示“当表示“ AA 比比 BB 多少倍”时，常用“多少倍”时，常用“…… times times ++形容词形容词 //副词的比较级副词的比较级 + + than”than” 这一结构。这一结构。

Our house is three times bigger than theirs.Our house is three times bigger than theirs.

(( 我们的房子比他们的大三倍。我们的房子比他们的大三倍。 // 我们的房子是他们的四倍大。我们的房子是他们的四倍大。 ))



当表示“增加或减少了多少”时，常用介词“当表示“增加或减少了多少”时，常用介词“ by”by” 接增加或减少的幅度。接增加或减少的幅度。

reduce by 3/4 reduce by 3/4 (( 减少了减少了 3/4) 3/4) increase by 6 times increase by 6 times (( 增加了增加了 66 倍倍 ))

The output of cotton went up by 30 percent.The output of cotton went up by 30 percent.

(( 棉花的产量增长了百分之三十。棉花的产量增长了百分之三十。 ))

表示“每隔”与“每逢”的方法有两种：表示“每隔”与“每逢”的方法有两种： 11 ）） every every + + 基数词基数词 ++复数名词；复数名词； 22 ）） every every + + 序数词序数词 ++单数名词，这两种方法所表示的意义相同。单数名词，这两种方法所表示的意义相同。

every five days = every fifth day every five days = every fifth day (( 每五天每五天 //隔四天。隔四天。 ))

The bus runs every ten minutes.The bus runs every ten minutes. (( 公共汽车每十分钟一趟。公共汽车每十分钟一趟。 ))


Correct the errors, if there are any, in the following sentences.Correct the errors, if there are any, in the following sentences.

1. Considering his appearance, he doesn’t seem to be a forty-years-1. Considering his appearance, he doesn’t seem to be a forty-years-old man.old man.

2. Two third of the students in this class come from South China.2. Two third of the students in this class come from South China.

3. Over three thousand people were invited to attend the 3. Over three thousand people were invited to attend the conference.conference.

4. We are going to study Chapter Fifth today.4. We are going to study Chapter Fifth today.

5. More than seventy percent of the water on the earth are sea 5. More than seventy percent of the water on the earth are sea water.water.


Correct the errors, if there are any, in the following sentences.Correct the errors, if there are any, in the following sentences.

6. “I’d like to buy a stamp.” “Please go to the three windows on 6. “I’d like to buy a stamp.” “Please go to the three windows on your left.”your left.”

7. Mary’s daughter returns home every third weeks.7. Mary’s daughter returns home every third weeks.

8. Our house is thirty percent bigger as theirs in size.8. Our house is thirty percent bigger as theirs in size.

9. Before we go to analyze the last chapter, I suggest we review 9. Before we go to analyze the last chapter, I suggest we review the first four chapters.the first four chapters.

10. The output of the factory reduced in twenty percent.10. The output of the factory reduced in twenty percent.


Fill in each blank with the words given in an appropriate form.Fill in each blank with the words given in an appropriate form.1.1. He ________ no sooner _________ (arrive) in New York than He ________ no sooner _________ (arrive) in New York than

he ________ (go) to see his girlfriend.he ________ (go) to see his girlfriend.

2. By the end of 2000, I ___________ (work) in this company for 2. By the end of 2000, I ___________ (work) in this company for twenty years.twenty years.

3. I ___________ (think) I __________ (can) pass the test, but I 3. I ___________ (think) I __________ (can) pass the test, but I failed at last.failed at last.

4. She looks very tired. She __________ (type) the material for a 4. She looks very tired. She __________ (type) the material for a whole night.whole night.

5. I ___________ (not feel) very well in recent days. I think it is 5. I ___________ (not feel) very well in recent days. I think it is because I am too worried about my daughter. She just because I am too worried about my daughter. She just _________ (leave) college and _________ (not find) a job yet._________ (leave) college and _________ (not find) a job yet.


Fill in each blank with the words given in an appropriate form.Fill in each blank with the words given in an appropriate form.

6. I ___________ (hot go) anywhere before my son ___________ 6. I ___________ (hot go) anywhere before my son ___________ (come) back.(come) back.

7. The theater ___________ (set up) by the time you return this 7. The theater ___________ (set up) by the time you return this time next year.time next year.

8. The old man ____________ (sit) under a tree fishing when he 8. The old man ____________ (sit) under a tree fishing when he ________ (see) a man swimming down the river.________ (see) a man swimming down the river.

9. I called at his house yesterday evening. He ________ (paint) the 9. I called at his house yesterday evening. He ________ (paint) the living room.living room.

10. Mike seldom ____________ (smoke) in the office.10. Mike seldom ____________ (smoke) in the office.


Reading SkillsReading Skills


Using a dictionary

Most students are familiar with the common uses of a dictionary(1)to look up the meaning of words you don’t know, and (2)to check the spelling of words. A dictionary can be useful in many other ways because it contains much more than just word meanings. For most entries you will find a pronunciation key, word origin, part(s) of speech, variant spellings, and synonyms(同义词 ). At the beginning or end of many desk dictionaries you will find information on language history and manuscript form, lists of symbols, and tables of weights and measures.

A dictionary is the basic tool for expanding your vocabulary. Get in the habit of consulting your dictionary whenever you see or hear a somewhat familiar word that you don’t use and can’t define precisely. Locate the word, read each meaning, and find the one that fits the way the word was used when you read or heard it.



Using a dictionary

A thesaurus, or dictionary of synonyms, is a valuable reference for locating a precise, accurate, or descriptive word to fit a particular situation. There are many words which mean similar, and you should choose a word from the entry that most closely suggests the meaning you want to convey. The easiest way to do this is to test out or substitute various choices in your sentence to see which one is most appropriate; check the dictionary if you are not sure of a word’s exact meaning. Remember, a misused word is often a more serious error than a wordy or imprecise expression.

A common question students ask is, which dictionary should I buy? There are several types of dictionaries, each with its own purpose and use. A pocket or paperback dictionary is an inexpensive, shortened version of a standard desk dictionary. It is small enough to carry with you to yo9ur classes and is relatively inexpensive.



Using a dictionary

A desk dictionary is a more complete, thorough dictionary. Although a pocket dictionary is convenient, it is also limited. A pocket edition lists about 55,000 words, whereas a standard desk edition lists up to 150,000 words. Also, the desk edition provides much more complete information about each word.

Another type is the unabridged dictionary, which can be found in the reference section of any library. The unabridged edition provides the most complete information on each word in the English language.

Deciding whether to buy a desk or pocket dictionary will depend on your needs as well as what you can afford. It would be ideal to have both. A pocket dictionary is sufficient for checking spelling and for looking up common meanings of unfamiliar words. To expand your vocabulary by learning additional

meanings of words or to do any serious word study, you need a desk dictionar

y.

Practical WritingPractical Writing

Letter of Invitation

邀请函是日常生活和工作中常见的一种信函，具有简洁、热情的特点。写邀请函时需注意：

礼貌、友好地发出邀请。

清楚地写明邀请的原因、活动的时间（年、月、日、时、分）以及地点。结尾时表示希望对方接受邀请。

如果要求被邀请人答复，应注明 RSVP/ r. s. v. p.（法语，意思是“请答复”）


Sample Reading 1A sample letter of invitation to a birthday party

20,Queen’s Rd., 5/FHong Kong

13th May 2000Dear JaneIt’s my birthday next Wednesday, May the eighteenth. Can you come to a party in my house? It starts at three o’clock in the afternoon.Rebecca and Irene are going to make a birthday cake in my house and they will come in the morning. Can you come early too and help put up the decoration? After the tea party, we are going to exchange presents. Will you bring one along when you come?I hope you can come.LoveMary


Sample Reading 2An informal invitation to dinner

Dear Jim,We are having several colleagues for dinner at 7:00p.m. on Friday, May the fifth, at the Oriental Express. We are all hoping you can join us.YoursEdward


Sample Reading 3

UNIVERSITY of BALLARATAustralia

Professor Kerry Smith

Vice-Chancellorinvites

Ms Tang Liuto a

Special Dinnerfollowing the University of Ballarat’s Conferring Ceremony

On Tuesday 22nd May, 2001At 6:30p.m.

At the SHERATON HOTEL

20 Nathan Road, Kowlon, Hong KongRSVP by Friday, 20th April, 2002 Telephone: +61 3 53279502

To Gwenda MaManus, University of Ballarat Facsimile: +61 3 53279855PO Box 663, Ballarat, Vic. Australia E-mail: [email protected]

《大学英语网络课程》课题组 new century english, book i unit seven the richest man in...

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