nationalism – belief that people should be loyal to nation not king share a cmmn culture &...
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Nationalism
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Nationalism
Nationalism – belief that people should be loyal to nation not king share a cmmn culture & history Can identify better with own gov’t People have the right to self-govern Nation-States—independent gov,
represents itself▪ Ex. England, France, Ireland, America
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Beliefs
Conservatives
Liberals Radicals
•Wealthy & Nobility
•Argued for traditional monarchy
•Middle Class
•Power to elected parliaments
•BUT only the landowners and educated
•“Fringes” often students
•Extend democracy to all people
•Drastic changes
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Nationalist Rebellions 1821 1830s 1848
•Ottoman Turks (Muslims) control Balkan region• Greeks rebel
• Popular with scholars, Russians, many Europeans
• British, French, & Russians ally and crush Turks• Grks win
indepdt
•Belgians declare independence from Dutch•Poles revolt against Russians, but are crushed•French king Charles X tries to return to absolute monarchy, students in Paris rebel (put down)
•Paris mobs overthrow Louis-Philippe, reestablish republic•Louis-Napoleon wins presidential election; takes title of Emperor Napoleon III• Encourages
reform• Experiences
economic prosperity
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Break Up of EmpiresAustro-Hungarian Ottoman Russian
•Control Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, & Italians
•Prussia gains control of German States
•Split Austria & Hungary, but both under Emperor
•Turks control Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, Armenians
•Grants equal citizenship to all people under rule• Angers
conservative Turks—causes tension
• Ex: massacres of Armenians after a revolt (genocide)
•Control Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, & Turks
•Loses Crimean War v. Ottomans
•Russification—impose Russian culture• Strengthened
nationalist feelings
• Disunified Russia• Weakened czar’s
power
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Italy
Giuseppe Mazzini Formed “Young
Italy”—youth nationalist group
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Italy
Camillo di Cavour Politician, unifies
Northern Italy for Sardinia
Giuseppe Garibaldi Leader of rebels in
Southern Italy Turned over control
to King Victor Emmanuel II
United all of Italy
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Germany
Otto Von Bismarck Prime minister of
Prussia Realpolitik—politics
of reality ▪ What is best for us?
Expansion through war
The great questions of the day will not be
settled by speeches or by majority
decisions—but by blood and iron!
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Germany
Austro-Prussian War (Seven Weeks War) Prussia is superior Austria humiliated Prussians get
German territory
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Germany
Franco-Prussian War Bismarck insults
French ▪ They declares war
Prussians march to Paris
All Germans accept Prussian control
Wilhelm I of Prussia crowned Kaiser of Germany
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Coronation of Kaiser Wilhem I Bismarck
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So…What happened to the Balance of Power?
Think about: Congress of Vienna & its results Who became stronger? Who became weaker? How did Nationalism affect those
countries?