naming and grouping organisms according to characteristics and evolutionary history aristotle-first...
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18.1 TAXONOMY
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TAXONOMY Naming and grouping organisms
according to characteristics and evolutionary history
Aristotle-first classification systemPlant or animal group
Plants-stem type animals-where they live
Used common names Problems with this?
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CAROLUS LINNAEUS Grouped organisms by structure and
form (morphology) Created a system of hierarchy Used taxon groups
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General group-lots of organisms
Specific group/not many organisms
King Phillip came Over for greatspaghetti
Can produce fertile offspring
Great way to remember order!
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HOW DO I REMEMBER DEFINITIONS FOR EACH WORD?
Use the level after the word: Example-phylum is a group of similar classes
Family is a group of genuses
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HUMAN GROUPING SYSTEMYOU NEED TO WRITE THIS! Kingdom-Animalia Phylum-Chordata Class-Mammalia Order-primate Family-Hominidae Genus-Homo Species-Sapiens
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BINOMIAL NOMECLATURE 2 word naming system Latin or Greek 1st name-genus; capitalized; can be
abbreviatedHomo sapiens= H. sapiens
2nd name-species; lowercase Must underline or italics
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18.2 NOTES
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PHYLOGENY Definition: Evolutionary relationships
amongst organisms Form of evolutionary classification Create a phylogenetic tree
More like a hypothesisCan change
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HOW DO WE CLASSIFY OR PLACE ON TREE? Fossil record Embryology Structure and form DNA and proteins
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CLADISTICS Identifies and looks at only those
characteristics that have arised in lineages over timeHumans: walking upright
Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage and not in older members-derived characteristics
Use to construct a cladogramShows relationshipsHelp understand independent evolution
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DISCUSS AT YOUR TABLE What is the connection between
evolution and classification?
How does genetics and protein synthesis connect with these two?