mutation – any change in dna sequence can be caused by errors inside the cell ◦ errors in ...
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Mutation – any change in DNA sequence Can be caused by errors inside the cell◦ Errors in
Replication Transcription Cell division (mitosis, meiosis)
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Outside Cuases of mutations = mutagens◦ Radiation (x-rays, UV, nuclear, etc.)◦ Chemicals (asbestos, formaldehyde, dioxins)
◦ High temperatures
Repair mechanisms –◦ Proofreading enzymes try to replace incorrect nucleotides
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/.../dna_mutation.gif
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Depends on the type of cell…◦ Mutations in Reproductive Cells (sperm or egg) will be passed to offspring.
◦ Mutations in all other cells will only be passed to future cells but NOT offspring. Can cause problems for individuals
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THE DOG BIT THE CAT
THE DOG BIT THE CAR(Point Mutation)
THE DOB ITT HEC AR(Frameshift Mutation)
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Types of Mutations –1. Point Mutations: change in single base pair
May cause change in one amino acid.
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2. Frameshift Mutations: shifts the reading of the mRNA codonsa.) Addition of a base b.) Deletion of a base
Deletion of an Adenine
Generally are more harmful than point mutation.
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3. Chromosomal mutations: changes in chromosomes. Occurs during mitosis or meiosis Broken, joined to wrong C, deletion, duplication, inversion
Can cause the biggest problems.
Delection C #5 : Cri du chat-- R. T: some Down Syndrome
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