Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space

Any characteristic that can be used to describe or identify matter is called a property

Very few pure substances in nature: Gold, diamond

Element:ex. H, O, N, Mg, P, K, (all on periodic table)

consists of only one kind of atom, cannot be broken down into a simpler type

of matter by either physical or chemical means, and

can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen)

Compound consists of atoms of two or more different

elements bound together, can be broken down into a simpler type of

matter (elements) by chemical means (but not by physical means),

has properties that are different from its component elements, and

always contains the same ratio of its component atoms.

H2O CO2 CH4 FeO2

Ionic compound

Molecularcompound

may be

Substance

Element

yes no

chemicallydecomposed

Compound

Mixture: consists of two or

more different elements and/or compounds physically intermingled,

can be separated into its components by physical means

Heterogeneous- Different, but may look the same

ex. Salt + sugar, pizza, sand

,

suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of larger particles. These particles are visible and will settle out on standing. Ex. Glacial water, tomato juice

Colloid - A colloid consists of tiny particles of matter that are dispersed evenly throughout. The tiny particles of matter will not settle out. Ex. Milk, jello, fog, smoke

Coagulation- breaks up the colloid

Tyndall effect –

Homogeneous- Same, also called a solution – will not settle out

ex. Rubbing alchohol, vinegar, salt water, air

Mixture

HeterogeneousHomogeneous

uniform throughout

yes no

Solute – what is being dissolved (less of this)

Solvent –what is doing the dissolving (more of this) a lot of times this is water but not always

dissolve

 TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

 Concentrations  

Solute Less than 50%

SolventMore than 50%

 Examples

 liquid  liquid  alcohol - waterwine beer, vodkaacetic acid / water - vinegar

 solid liquid  salt - watersaline (NaCl) solution sugar solutionCaCO3 - hard water

 gas liquid  oxygen - water CO2 - carbonated water

NH3 - ammonia solution

 gas  gasair =

oxygen - nitrogen 

 gas  solid  hydrogen - platinum  

 liquid gas  water in air  

 solid gas smog  

liquid solid  mercury - another metal  Dental work

 solid solid  alloy  

Matterto be better understand its

Properties

Physical orChemical

which may be

Intensive orExtensive

separate byphysicalprocess

Substance Mixture

Compound Element HeterogeneousHomogeneous

no yes

may be maybe

Ionic compound

Molecularcompound

may be