聖嚴法師與禪宗之現代化建構 [中] master sheng yen and the modern construction of chan...

8/2/2019 [ ] Master Sheng Yen and the Modern Construction of Chan Buddhism [Eng]

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16/38

?0= E`o}p|` @rroqr

Wa}jai Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh& }j` fo}` Hor}`|

Rj`igoi Jpakdig *?123(


17/38

?00Eò}p|` @rroqr

sfoiiaig) A} ossò|r }jo} j` rahsf | rsdim`m }d

}j` s|dlf`hr j` row ai Lpmmjarh) J` m|`w |dh

jar s`|rdiof Bjoi `zs`|aìb`r& f`rrdir |dh jar

ai}`ff`b}pof s|`m`b`rrd|r& oim ai}`|`r} ai `mpbo}adi

}d d|hpfo}` o uaolf` d|h d hdm`|i Lpmmjarh)

Hdm`fr d @hpfo}adi

Rù`|o f h`maùo f oim fo }` ahs`| ao f

Lpmmjar} hor}`|r aipìb`m Rjìg Qìr }jdpgj})

J` bdirar}ì}f fddk`m }d }j`h ai d|m`| }d

o|}abpfo}` jar dwi }òbjaigr) j` w`|` off g|ò}

Bjoi hor}`|r wjd id} dif hom` ragiaaboi}

bdi}|alp}adir }d Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh lp} ofrd

rjos`m }j` bdp|r` a}r mù`fdshì}) j`

`hldma`m }j` }wd(dfm amòf d `qpof `hsjorarai pim`|r}oimaig oim s|ob}ab`) j`r` agp|`r

aibfpm` Bodza Jpaiìg *52:(7?2!&?

}j` raz}j faiòg` hor}`| d }j` Bjoi }|oma}adi oim

jar marbasf`r Jd~` Rjìjpa *55:(753!&

}j` a}j gì`|o}adi rpbb`rrd| }d Rjìjpar Bjoi&

Gpaìg ^digha *7:3(:=?!& wjd wor

ofrd o so}|ao|bj d }j` Jpooi }|oma}adi) A w`

o|` }d aibfpm` Rdig hor}`|r& }jì }j` }wd hdr}

d}ì ba}`m l Rjìg Qì o|` Jdig~ja ^jìgnp` *?31?(??07! oim Mojpa ^diggod

*?3:1(??52!) ]`r` for} }wd gp|`r w`|`

aiiduo}d|r d Bjoi h`}jdmr d s|ob}ab`& oim

mdb}|aioff u`| w`ff aid|h`m& or m`hdir}|o}`m

ai }jà| marbdp|r` |`bd|mr) jà| ahsob} ar hdr}

s|dhaiì} ai rplr`qpì} faiòg`r d Bjoi ai

Bjaio& Kd|ò& oim Nosoi) Rjìg Qì w|d}`

bdhhì}o|a`r }d off d }j`r` hor}`|r wd|kr)

J` ofrd rsì} hpbj }ah` r}pmaig }j` rib|`}ab}jdpgj} d Dpa ^jazp *?011(?500! d

}j` fo}` Haig s`|adm) ]|dpgj jah j` pim`|r}ddm

}j` }òbjaigr d aoi}oa oim d}j`| rbjddfr d

Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh)

Rjìg Qì r``r aiiduo}adi ai Bjai`r`

Lpmmjarh ai }j` m`g|`` }d wjabj }j`r` hor}`|r

w`|` olf` }d |ài}`|s|`} oim m|ow ri}j`rar |dh

ld}j Lpmmjar} oim idi(Lpmmjar} }òbjaigr) J`

r}o}`r& j` |òrdi wj Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh jorl`bdh` r}ogioi} ar l`bopr` a} r}dss`m olrd|laig

`z}`|iof rr}`hr d }jdpgj} oim amòr)< Di` d

}j` |òrdir wj g|ò} hor}`|r d }j` sor} w`|` olf`

}d aiiduo}au`f `r}olfarj i`w mdb}|aiof amòr wor

l`bopr` }j` olrd|l`m }j` l`r} d Bdipbaoi oim

Modar} }jaikaig) Ai Rjìg Qìr bdhhì}o| }d

^dighar D|agai d Jphoia}*Qpoi|ì fpi

!& o Lpmmjar} s|ah`| di mdb}|aiof bforrabo}adi&j` r}o}`r>

Ai Bjaio& }j`|` o|` u`| `w s`dsf` wjd jou`

r}pma`m oim s|dsogo}`m ^dighar }|ò}ar` di

Qpoi|ì fpi & o wd|k }jo} `zsdpim`m }j`

rib|`}arh d }j` }j|`` }|oma}adir) Ai jar au`dfm

mdb}|aiof bforrabo}adi& j` aibfpm`m }j` }òbjaigr d

jphoir oim gdmr |dh Bdipbaoiarh oim Modarh)

j` ahsob} d }jar bforraabo}adi ar `z}|`h`f o|

|òbjaig) W` r`` }jar ahsob} ùì ai }j` }wì}a`}j(

bì}p| Uì`|olf` Hor}`| oazpr dwi mdb}|aiof

bforrabo}adi d }j` Eau` U`jabf`r oim ]|``(a`|`m

Rr}`h *}j` Rjo|`m òbjaigr d }j` Eau` U`jabf`r&

}j` Rjo|`m òbjaigr d }j` ]|`` U`jabf`r& oim }j`

Piaqp` òbjaigr d }j` Hojio!) Ed| `zohsf`&

j` far}r }j` U`jabf` d Jphoir oim Gdmr or }j` |r}

oim dpimo}adiof u`jabf` [wa}jai LpmmjarhX oim

}jo} jar rfdgoi& Wjì jphoii`rr ar s`|`b}`m&

Lpmmjojddm ar s`|`b}`m `hsjora~`r }jar sdai})

A} boi l` o|gp`m }jo} oazp wor aifpìb`m l

^dighar }jdpgj} ai Qpoi|ì fpi) [Rpbj `hsjorar

di jphoii`rr ai ^dighar wd|kX boi ofrd l` roam

}d l` }j` d|agai d dp| dwi ìmòud| }d s|dhd}`

o jphoi(bì}`|`m d|h d Lpmmjarh ai d|m`| }d

b|ò}` o Sp|` Foim di @o|}j)2

J`|`& Rjìg Qì jagjfagj}r }j` aigìpa}

oim rib|`}ab }jdpgj} d ^dighar mdb}|aiofbforraabo}adi& d| soinaod & di` d }j`joffho|kr d Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh) ]ar rr}`h wor owo d| Bjai`r` Lpmmjar}r }d o||oig` }j` Lpmmjar}}òbjaigr ai rpbj o wo }jo} òbj }òbjaig r`|u`mor oi `zs`maì} hòrp|` }d du`|bdh` }j` so|}abpfo|rjd|}bdhaig d }j` }òbjaig }jo} s|`b`m`m a}wjaf`& o} }j` roh` }ah`& sdai}aig }d }j` }òbjaig}jo} wor }d rps`|r`m a}) Ai }jar orjadi& o ja`|o|bjabofs|dg|`rradi d }òbjaigr bdpfm l` bdir}|pb}`m&

r}o|}aig wa}j }j` hdr} dpimo}adiof oim fòmaig }d}j` hdr} s|ddpim) Wjo} ar aigìadpr ai ^digharrr}`h ar }jo} j` ar }j` |r} }d aibd|sd|o}` Modar}


18/38

?05 Eò}p|` @rroqr

oim Bdipbaoi }òbjaigr ai}d }jar Lpmmjar}

j`|hì`p}abof bforraabo}adi& wjabj boi l` r`ì

or oi o}}`hs} id} dif }d jo|hdia~` aimagìdpr

Bjai`r` }òbjaigr wa}j }jo} d Lpmmjarh& lp}

ofrd }d oss|ds|ao}` d}j`| rr}`hr d }jdpgj} ai}d

Lpmmjarh) Wjo} ar ahsd|}oi} }d jagjfagj} ar jdwRjìg Qì uofp`r ^dighar oss|dobj }d hok` }jar

}`z} obb`rralf` }d d|maio| s`dsf`& id} agid|aig

}j` aimagìdpr Bjai`r` }òbjaigr `z}`|iof }d

Lpmmjarh& lp} `hl|ob` }j`h }d bdir}|pb} o i`w

d|h d Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh) Ofrd ai}`|`r}aig ar

jdw Rjìg Qì r``r jahr`f ai ofagihì} wa}j

^digha& ld}j ai}`ff`b}poff oim gìòfdgaboff

}j|dpgj jar ahh`mao}` s|`m`b`rrd|r rpbj or oazp&

wjd wor ofrd airsa|`m l ^digha)Ed| o|}abpfo}aig o s|ob}abof Bjoi oss|dobj

}d s|ob}abaig }j` Lpmmjar} mdb}|ai`& Rjìg Qì

fddk`m }d }j` wd|k d Bjoi Hor}`| Rjìjpa& }j`

marbasf` d Jpaiìg& wjd ar }j` raz}j so}|ao|bj d

Bjoi)

J` r}o}`r>

Ai }j` jar}d| d Bjoi Lpmmjarh& Bjoi hor}`|

Rjìjpa sfor }j` |df` d rdh`di` wjd aij`|a}r}j` warmdh d }j` sor} oim airsa|`r }j` p}p|`

gì`|o}adi d Bjoi s|ob}a}adi`|r) O}`| Jpaiìg

sorr`m owo& ùì }jdpgj j` jom qpa}` o iphl`|

d marbasf`r& id di` boi bdhso|` wa}j Rjìjpa)

J` wor pff bdiu`|roi} wa}j ld}j s|ob}ab` oim

mdb}|ai`& oim w`ff |òm ai Bdipbaoi oim Modar}

wd|kr) Hd|`du`|& j` wor pff ahh`|r`m ai }j`

bdff`b}adir d Lpmmjar} rb|as}p|`r& bdhhì}o|a`r&

oim hdior}ab bdm`r& oim o} }j` roh` }ah` rdbaoffoim sdfa}aboff ì}jpraor}ab oldp} }j` w`fo|` d }j`

io}adi *`hsjorar hai`!)=

Rjìg Qì id} dif omha|`r Rjìjpar

l|òm}j d kidwf`mg` ai Lpmmjar} mdb}|ai` oim&

o} }j` roh` }ah`& làig o rdbaoff ìgog`m Bjoi

hor}`|& lp} ofrd jar |df` or o }|oirha}}`| d }j`

Lpmmjar} warmdh) Rpbj omha|o}adi boi dif l`

oss|`bao}`m ai }j` bdi}`z} d Rjìg Qìr oss|dobj}d ob}pofa~aig }j` Lpmmjar} }òbjaig) Ed| `zohsf`&

j` jor r}o}`m }jo} ]` hoai }j|pr} d Lpmmjarh

fa`r ai ob}pofa~o}adi [d owokìaig }d }j` }|p}j d

|òfa}X) Ai }jar rìr`& mdb}|aiof }jdpgj} ar h`|`f

`r}olfarj`m d| }j` sp|sdr` d ob}pofa~o}adi

Dif }j|dpgj gìpai` |òfa~o}adi waff di`r }|p`

warmdh o|ar`) Dif }jì waff o s`|rdi l` olf` }d

`zsdpim }j` aibdibàuolf` Mjo|ho }jo} ar sp|`)jar boi dif bdh` oldp} }j|dpgj praig bd||`b}

}òbjaigr or o gpam` }d ob}pofa~` }j` }|p` Mjo|ho

oim affphaio}` }j` haim oim s`|bàu` di`r r`f(

io}p|`)0 J` ofrd r}o}`r }jo} }j` |df` d Mjo|ho

M|ph Faiòg` d Bjoi ar }d aij`|a} }j` sor} oim

airsa|` }j` p}p|`) 5

Rjìg Qì omha|`r }j` s|dpima} d

Rjìjpar }òbjaig or oi ì}| }d pim`|r}oimaig

}j` Sfo}d|h Rb|as}p|`d Jpaiìg)7 Rdh` rbjdfo|rbdi}ìm }jo} }j` Sfo}d|h Rb|as}p| wor s|dmpb`m

l }j` joim d Rjìjpa) jar ar id} }j` sfob` }d

marbprr }j` s|duìoib` d }j` }`z}) A||`rs`b}au`

d a}r op}jd|& }j` }`z} ar `z}|`h`f ahsd|}oi}

ai rjosaig rplr`qpì} mù`fdshì} ai Bjoi&

oim ai rjosaig Rjìg Qìr dwi pim`|r}oimaig

d Bjoi) Ai jar s|òb` }d }j` bdhhì}o| }d

Rjìjpar wd|k& Rjìg Qì r}o}`r }jo} [}j` m`s}j

d }jar wd|kX offdw`m h` }d `zohai` }j` wjdf`d Lpmmjarh |dh }j` s`|rs`b}au` d Bjoi oim

offdw`m h` }d s|dmpb` o bdhs|`jìrau` Lpmmjar}

gpam` }d Bjoi r}pma`r) :

Q`}& l`bopr` hoi ò|f a`| rbjdfo|f oim

sdspfo| w|a}aigr di Lpmmjarh w`|` aipìb`m l

^ì r`b}o|aoiarh& Rjìjpa ar id} prpoff }jdpgj}

d or o |`s|`rì}o}au` d Bjoi) Hdr} s`dsf`

bdibàu` d Bjoi or oi abdidbfor}ab }|oma}adi |``

|dh |a}pof oim mdb}|ai`& raib` a} dbpr`r `zbfprau`fdi }j` ìfagj}ìhì} `zs`|aìb`) Bdibàu`m d ai

}jar hoii`|& Rjìjpa wdpfm id} a} }j` ahog` d

Bjoi) \`bì} rbjdfo|rjas& jdwù`|& jor |ùòf`m

}jo} }jar ahog` d Bjoi ar rjos`m fo|g`f l jdw

Lpmmjarh wor }|oirha}}`m }d oim r}pma`m ai }j`

W`r}) ]` |òfa} ar }jo} ai Bjaio hdr} aipì}aof

Bjoi hor}`|r w`|` `z}|`h`f bdiu`|roi} wa}j

Lpmmjar} mdb}|ai`& m`rsa}` Bjoir bfoah }d l`

o rs`baof }|oirharradi dp}ram` d }j` mdb}|ai`fò|iaig& wjabj md`r id} `r}olfarj d| m`sìm di

wd|mr oim foigpog`) Rjìg Qìr raigfaig dp} d


19/38

?07Eò}p|` @rroqr

Rjìjpa or oi `z`hsfo| d rdh`di` wjd sfob`m

`qpof wàgj} }d fò|iaig oim s|ob}ab` ar id} dp}

d }j` d|maio|a} obbd|mr wa}j jdw Bjoi jor

l`ì s|ob}ab`m ai Bjaio d| bì}p|a`rlp} jar

r}|`rr di }j` air`so|olafa} d }j`r` }wd ors`b}r ar o

bd||`b}au` }d wjo} j` wa}i`rr`m ai }j` o}}a}pm` dOh`|aboi oim Nosoi`r` ì)

j` Bdima}adir jo} F`m }d }j` Ed|ho}adi d

Rjìg Qìr ]dpgj}

Ai d|m`| }d oss|`bao}` Rjìg Qìr Bjoi

}òbjaigr& a} ar `rrì}aof }d `zohai` }j` bdima}adir

}jo} dr}`|`m oim rjos`m jar pim`|r}oimaig d

Lpmmjomjo|ho) Jar mpof `hsjorar di mdb}|ai`

oim s|ob}ab`& pim`|r}oimaig oim h`}jdmr&boh` |dh jar d|ho}au` ò|r d r}pmaig ò|f

Lpmmjarh) Jar ai}`g|o}adi d ò|f Lpmmjarh

wa}j Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh oim }j` of}|par}ab so}j

d }j` ldmjaro}}uo r}`hh`m |dh jar `zs`|aìb`r

ai Nosoi) Jar bo|``| or o Bjoi hor}`| l`goi ai

Oh`|abo oim k`s} di ùdfuaig pi}af jar mò}j)

Jar s|dhd}adi d Bjoi boh` |dh jar warj }d

s|dhd}` Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh) Bjoi Lpmmjarh

wor h`|`f o go}`wo |di} d| jah }d |`bdir}|pb}o hd|` ``b}au` d|h d Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh d|

}j` hdm`|i wd|fm) Wjaf` }j` bdima}adir }jo}

obafa}o}`m }jar fdig s|db`rr d mù`fdsaig jar

}jdpgj} oim }òbjaigr o|` bdhsf`z& w` boi marb`|i

}j|`` gì`|of sjor`r }d }jar mù`fdshì})1 j`r`

sjor`r ùdfu`m du`| o rsoi d rdh` raz} ò|r& oim

jar Bjoi }òbjaigr ùdfu`m }j|dpgj }|aof oim `||d|)

@o|f w|a}aigr |dh ?15?(?151 *og` Na`fp zp` goigod *@rrì}aofr d

Hdior}ab S|`b`s}r oim \`gpfo}adir! oim ^jìgzai

m` d n aod *D|}jdmdz Bjai` r `

Lpmmjarh!) O|gpolf }j`r` }wd lddkr |`s|`rì}}j` dpimo}adi d jar pim`|r}oimaig d Lpmmjar}

mdb}|ai`) Jar fo}`| ai}`|s|`}o}adi d Bjoi ar |dd}`m

ai }jar d|ho}au` s`|adm d jar fa`)

Mp|aig jar mdb}d|of r}pma`r ai Nosoi& Rjìg

Qìr pim`|r}oimaig d Lpmmjarh s|dg|`rr`m

|dh ò|f Lpmmjarh }d fo}`| Hojio Bjai`r`

Lpmmjarh) A bjo|ob}`|a~` }jar s`|adm or }j`

Ai}`g|o}au` Qò|r d jar ai}`ff`b}pof mù`fdshì}&

|dh ?151(?170) j|`` }jaigr }|oirsa|`m> wjo}j` wa}i`rr`m ai Nosoi airsa|`m jah }d |oar` }j`

`mpbo}adiof fù`f d Bjai`r` Lpmmjar}r; jar

pim`|r}oimaig d Bjai`r` Hojio Lpmmjarh

wor bjoig`m l jar ai(m`s}j r}pm d Dpa; j`

wor `zsdr`m }d d}j`| d|hr d Lpmmjarh l`dim

wjo} j` jom kidwi) @uì }jdpgj j` wor k`ìf

owo|` d oazpr ìmòud|r }d `r}olfarj Lpmmjar}

r`haio|a`r& }jar kidwf`mg` wor id}jaig bdhso|`m

}d ob}poff wa}i`rraig w`ff |pi r`haio|a`r ai Nosoi)O} }j` roh` }ah` j` |òfa~`m }j` mopi}aig }ork

Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh ob`m ai }|aig }d ai}`g|o}`


20/38

?0: Eò}p|` @rroqr

Lpmmjarh wa}j }j` hdm`|i `mpbo}adiof rr}`h)

J` wor m`}`|hai`m }d ahs|du` }j` `mpbo}adiof

fù`f d Bjai`r` Lpmmjar}r)

Rjìg Qìr r}pm ai Nosoi rjos`m jar

mdb}|aiof pim`|r}oimaig d Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh

oim f`m jah }d bdiram`| jdw j` bdpfm d|hpfo}`Lpmmjar} }òbjaigr d| }j` hdm`|i og`) Jar ?17?

HO }j`rar di aoi}oa ~jagpoi ohì

O R}pm d }j` Bofhaig oim Bdi}`hsfo}adi

H`}jdmr d aoi}oa Rbjddf wor o r}pm d

jdw Jparar ri}j`rar d mdb}|ai` oim s|ob}ab`&

wjabj gou` Rjìg Qì o |domhos }jo}|dh

}j` s`|rs`b}au` d }j` o}jgo}ogo|ljo rr}`h d

}jdpgj}rjdw`m jdw }d hdu` |dh Lpmmjar}

}j`d| }d |òfa~o}adi)?? j` ahsob} d }jar }j`rarboi l` r`ì ai Rjìg Qìr fo}`| ai}`|s|`}o}adi

d Bjoi& wjabj ar mdb}|aioff orrdbao}`m wa}j

o}jgo}ogo|ljo }jdpgj}) Jar Sj)M) marr`|}o}adi

di }j }jdpgj} d Dpa ^jazp& Haiho}rp Bjpgdkp

Lpkk id kìk *O

R}pm d Fo}` Haig Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh!& splfarj`m

ai ?170& ofrd hom` o for}aig ahsob} di jar }jdpgj})

Ai so|}abpfo|& Rjìg Qì row Dpa or |`rsdimaig }d

}j` roh` b|arar ai }j` m`}`|ad|o}adi d Lpmmjarh)Dpa rdpgj} wor }d ai}`g|o}` oim |ài}`|s|`}

uo|adpr Lpmmjar} mdb}|ai`r& so|}abpfo|f }j` aoi}oa

}òbjaigr& }d r}|ìg}jì Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh uar(

(uar }j` rdbadsdfa}abof bjoffìg`r d }j` }ah`r)

J` |`rsdim`m udba`|dprf }d }j` bjoffìg`r

d }jdr` Lpmmjar}r oim idi(Lpmmjar}r wjd

harai}`|s|`}`m oim haross|ds|ao}`m Lpmmjarh)

J` wor o m`ìm`| d }j` oa}j ai ù`| rìr` d

}j` wd|m) Jar |`rsdir` }d haross|ds|ao}adir dBjoi }òbjaigr wor so|}abpfo|f r}|dig)?< L`bopr`

j` row uo|adpr s|dlf`hr wa}j Bjoi om`s}r& Dpa

mar}oib`m jahr`f |dh oi so|}abpfo| Bjoi

faiòg` ùì }jdpgj j` jahr`f s|ob}ab`m Bjoi

ai }j` d|ho}au` s`|adm d jar fa`) Rjìg Qìr

amì}a} wa}j Dpa boi l` r`ì ai }j` wo Rjìg

Qì |`rsdimr }d wjo} j` s`|bàu`m or o b|arar ai

bdi}`hsd|o| Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh oim }d uo|adpr

har|`s|`rì}o}adir d Bjoi l s|dsdiì}r dNosoi`r` ^ì)

j|dpgj }j` wd|kr d Jpara oim Dpa&

Rjìg Qì pim`|r}ddm oim oss|`bao}`m }j` wòf}j

d ho}`|aofr ai }j` aoi}oa }|oma}adi) J` r}o}`r>

aoi}oa ar oi `z}|`h`f aifpì}aof rbjddf }jo}

rr}`ho}a~`m ld}j Aimao Jioio oim Hojio

}òbjaigr& oim ùdfu`m a}r mdb}|aiof sdra}adi o|dpim

}j` Fd}pr R}|o oim aimagìdpr Bjai`r` }jdpgj}

aoi}oa }jdpgj} ar h`}abpfdprf rr}`ho}a~`m&

r}|pb}p|`m& oim ja`|o|bjabof ai io}p|`) Wj`}j`|

a} ar mdb}|ai` d| h`}jdmr d s|ob}ab`& a} ar }agj}f

d|goia~`m)?2

@fr`wj`|`& Rjìg Qì r}o}`m }jo} Hor}`|

Dpar Naodgpoi goig~dig *j` @rrìb`

d [aoi}oaX Mdb}|ai` oim S|ob}ab`! aifpìb`m jahg|ò}f& `rs`baoff ai a}r mdb}|aiof d|goia~o}adi

d Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh)?= Rjìg Qìr r}pm oim

bdhhì}o| d }jar wd|k offdw`m jah }d

oss|`bao}` }j` pia} d mdb}|ai` oim s|ob}ab`& d|

ai aoi}oa so|foib`& naod oim gpoi & oim

ai}`g|o}` a} ai}d jar dwi pim`|r}oimaig d Bjoi)

Rjìg Q i wa}i`rr`m }j` ual|oib ai Nosoi`r`

obom`hab r}pma`r d Lpmmjarh) Jar jar}d|abof

pim`|r}oimaig d Lpmmjarhr`rs`baoff Bjai`r`Lpmmjarhr|`rsdir` }d rdbad(sdfa}abof bjoffìg`r

}j|dpgj mdb}|aiof rja}r oim rdbaof s|dg|ohr boi

l` r`ì ai jar d}j`| w|a}aigr mp|aig }jar }ah`)

Di` ar }j` Rjana` dnaod }digrja

*O Jar}d| d Lpmmjarh ai }j` Wd|fm!& splfarj`m

ai ?151) j` d}j`| ar o }|oirfo}adi d o ?17?

hpf}a(op}jd|`m lddk di }j` jar}d| d Bjai`r`

Lpmmjarh& Lpkk rja goar`}rp) Bjpgdkp jì

& wjabj Rjìg Q i ì}a}f`m&^jdiggpd dnaod rja koarjpd

*O L|a` Jar}d| d Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh!& splfarj`m

ai ?17


21/38

?01Eò}p|` @rroqr

jar}d|aoi) Lp} l`bopr` d }j` m`bfai` d hdm`|i

Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh& A ìgog`m ai }j` r}pm d

Lpmmjar} jar}d| ai }j` jds` d imaig airsa|o}adi

}d mù`fds Lpmmjarh ai }j` p}p|`)?5

Di }j` fù`f d s|ob}ab`& Rjìg Qì row

jdw }j` Nosoi`r` |ài}`|s|`}`m oim ai}`g|o}`mma`|ì} d|hr d Lpmmjarh ai}d }jà| rdba`})

Di }j` wjdf`& Rjìg Qì wor ld}j m`fagj}`m oim

or}diarj`m }d wa}i`rr wor ai wjabj uo|adpr i`w

Lpmmjar} rbjddfr omudbo}`m ai}`g|o}aig Lpmmjar}

}òbjaigr ai}d bdi}`hsd|o| rdba`}}j` |oi

dp}j g|dpsr& wdhìr g|dpsr& oim d}j`| g|dpsr

lor`m di og`& wa}j rs`baof ob}aua}a`r gò|`m }dwo|m

}jà| h`hl`|r& oim j` fohì}`m }jo} }|oma}adiof

Lpmmjarh mami} md }jo}) j` i`w rbjddfrs|dr`f}a~`m fak` Bj|ar}aoir& kidbkaig di mdd|r }d

}| }d g`} s`dsf` }d ndai }j`h)?7

Mp|aig jar l|òkr d|h g|ompo}` r}pma`r&

j` wì} }d o uo|a`} d Lpmmjar} air}a}p}adir }d

so|}abaso}` oim dlr`|u` }jà| s|ob}ab` |`}|ò}r)

J` mam |`}|ò}r wa}j uo|adpr rbjddfr& aibfpmaig

Nosoi`r` ^ì& Rjaigdi& oim Iabja|ì Rjrjp) J`

ùì so|}abaso}`m ai oim dlr`|u`m uo|adpr i`w

|`fagadir *rjaikd rjpkd! ob}aua}a`r) Ai }j` ìmj` r}pbk wa}j }j` ^ì }òbjaigr d \rja Loi

`}rpgp *?1?3(?115!)?: Loi `}rpgp

wor mar}oi}f orrdbao}`m wa}j }j` i`wf d|h`m

Roilkmoi faiòg` & fa}`|off j|``

|òrp|`r \`fagadpr D|goia~o}adi& l`bopr` j` wor

ofrd o r}pmì} d Jo|omo Moapi Rdgokp

*?:7?(?15?!) Jo|omor d}j`| r}pmì} Qorp}oia

Jokppi dpim`m }j` Roilkmoi

faiòg` ai ?10=) Rbjdfo|r jou` jagjfagj}`m }j`bdi}|du`|raof io}p|` d }jar i`w faiòg`;?1 lp} wjo}

ar ahsd|}oi} }d id}` j`|` ar }j` mar}aib} ò}p|` d

}jar rbjddfr `hsjorar di }j` ai}`g|o}adi d ld}j

\ai~oa oim R} h`}jdmr d s|ob}ab`) R`b}o|aoi

ldpimo|a`r l`}w`ì ma`|ì} rbjddfr d Nosoi`r`

Lpmmjarh o|` r}|dig& ùì ohdig ma`|ì}

faiòg`r d ^ì) Ed| o faiòg` }d bdhlai` }j`

}òbjaigr d }wd mar}aib} faiòg`r d ^ì ar pijò|m

d ai Nosoi) A jou` id} `} dpim ma|`b} r}o}`hì}rl Rjìg Qì di }j` aipìb` d }j` Roilkmoi

di jar dwi }òbjaigr& lp} a} ar jagjf sfopralf` }jo}

Rjìg Qìr dwi bdhlaio}adi d }j` jpo}dp oim

hd~jod h`}jdmr d Bjoi r}`hr |dh wjo} j` jom

fò|i`m |dh Loi `}rpgp) A waff |`}p|i }d }jar

sdai} l`fdw)

j`r` `zs`|aìb`r ai Nosoi f`} oi aim`falf`

ho|k di Rjìg Qìr pim`|r}oimaig d }j`jar}d|abof mù`fdshì}r d Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh

oim a}r mdb}|aiof |abji`rr) J` wor ofrd airsa|`m

l }j` wor ai wjabj }j` Nosoi`r` o|}abpfo}`m

}j` `mpbo}adiof& rdbaof& oim rsa|a}pof |df`r d

Lpmmjarh ai hdm`|i fa`) J` olrd|l`m ù`|}jaig

j` bdpfm) j` ahsob} d }j`r` `zs`|aìb`r l`goi

}d lfdrrdh ai M`b`hl`| ?170 wjì j` obb`s}`m

}j` aiua}o}adi d M|) B)) Rjì& dpim`| d }j`

Lpmmjar} Orrdbao}adi d }j` Pia}`m R}o}`r& }dr`|u` or }j` olld} o} }j` `hsf` d @ifagj}ìhì}

ai }j L|diz& I`w Qd|k)


22/38

?53 Eò}p|` @rroqr

Lpmmjomjo|hoX ar }d }òbj mj|or d| Bjoi

h`ma}o}adi A l`goi }d }òbj Oh`|aboir }j`

}j`d|a`r oim h`}jdmr d Bjoi s|ob}ab` lor`m di

}j` h`}jdmr d s|ob}ab` }jo} A jou` s`|rdioff

pr`m ai Bjaio oim oawoi) Dif }j` d|ho} d h

}òbjaigr bdh`r |dh wjo} A dlr`|u`m ai Nosoi)A} wor npr} }jar qpabkf }jo} A }|oird|h`m |dh

o |`bì} mdb}d| d fa}`|o}p|` ai}d o Bjoi Hor}`|

}|oirha}}aig }j` }òbjaig d Bjoi) Rpbj o rs``m

}|oird|ho}adi wor id} rdh`}jaig A bdpfm jou`

ù`| ahogai`m) }j` Aia}aof S`|admd Bjoi òbjaigr; }j` S`|adm d @zs`|ahì}o}adi;

}j` S`|adm d \ìaig }j` wd H`}jdmr d Bjoi;

oim }j` Eaiof òbjaig d Bjoi or @mpbo}adi)

Mp|aig }j` for} sjor`& j` l`goi }d ossf jar Bjoi

}òbjaigr }d jar l|dom`| ai}`|`r}r ai `mpbo}adi oim

rdbaof oim sjafoi}j|dsab s|dg|ohr d| oawoi&

ossfaig jar uaradi }d }j` s|ob}abof oim rdbaof arrp`r

d hdm`|i fa`) j` s|aibasf`r d Bjoi gpam`m

jah }j|dpgj off d jar rplr`qpì} ìmòud|r aipfaffaig jar uaradi d @r}olfarjaig o Sp|` Foim

di @o|}j) Wjo} dffdwr ar o gì`|of dp}fai` d

}jar s|db`rr; a} ar l id hòir oi `zjopr}au` r}pm)

Ep|}j`| |`rò|bj ar |`qpa|`m }d |ì` }j`r` r}og`r d

jar Bjoi mù`fdshì})

Aia}aof S`|adm d Bjoi òbjaigr

Rjìg Qìr bo|``| or o Bjoi Hor}`| l`goiai }j` Pia}`m R}o}`r) Jar a|r} Oh`|aboi r}pmì}r

w`|` o haz}p|` d g|ompo}` r}pmì}r& o|}ar}r&

}òbj`|r& oim s`dsf` ai}`|`r}`m ai ho|}aof o|}r) ]`

a|r} h`ma}o}adi bforr& wjabj j` boff`m Rs`baof

Bjoi Bforr& wor j`fm di Ho 2& ?175 oim }j`

h`}jdm }opgj} wor bdpi}aig }j` l|ò}j)


23/38

?5?Eò}p|` @rroqr

h`}jdm d bpf}auo}adi }opgj} l }j` Lpmmjo) ]ar

ar }j` Hojio Mjo|ho Go}` wjabj ìolf`r

dp }d l`bdh` ìfagj}ì`m }d }j` warmdh d

}j` Lpmmjo) Wjo} Rjìg Qì }opgj} wor oi

ai}`g|o}au`& rr}`ho}ab& oim s|ob}abof oss|dobj

wjabj oah`m o} }j` |òfa~o}adi d R(pio}& d| wp

*`hs}ai`rr!& or |`qpì}f hì}adi`m ai Bjoi

marbdp|r`)

j` rps|`h` |òfa~o}adi d }j` d|agaiof io}p|` d

haim) A} ià}j`| o|hr id| i`go}`r oi bdib`s}pof

sdai} d ua`w; jìb` a} md`r id} i``m foigpog`

d| `zs|`rradi) Di` boi `zjopr} }j` |`rdp|b` d

foigpog` oim r}aff id} `zs|`rr pf}aho}` Bjoi) ]arar l`bopr` Bjoi }|oirbìmr kidwf`mg`& rhldfr

}j` ì}a|` osso|o}pr d foigpog`) Qdp ho boff

Bjoi `hs}ai`rr& lp} a} ar id} `hs}ai`rr ai }j`

iajafar}ab rìr`& d }j`|` ar id}jaig }j`|`) Qdp

ho boff a} `zar}ìb`& lp} a} ar id} `zar}ìb` ai }j`

bdhhdi rìr`& d A r`` a}& rd a} hpr} l` }j`|`) A} ar

`zar}ìb` wjabj }|oirbìmr }j` ab}adi d dp| rìr`

ahs|`rradir d }j` wd|fm> d ragj}& rdpim& rh`ff&

}or}`& }dpbj& oim d|h) Q`} }jar Bjoi ar iù`| oso|}|dh& ar off d o sa b` wa}j& dp| ù |mo wd|fm) A} ar

aimw`ffaig ai off làigr& ù`|wj`|`& o} off }ah`r) rbo}}`|`m haim&2?

bdibì}|o}`m haim& pia`m haim& oim id(haim)

j` o|}abpfo}adi d }j`r` }j|`` d| dp|

r}og`r d Bjoi s|ob}ab` ar pis|`b`mì}`m ld}j

ai }|oma}adiof Bjoi d }j` faiòg` hor}`|r oim

ai }j` }òbjaigr d jar bdi}`hsd|o|a`r) Id di`

jom s|`rì}`m Bjoi ai }jar wo ai hdm`|i }ah`r&

b`|}oaif id} Moar`}rp à}o|d Rp~pka& }j` hdr}

ohdpr s|dsdiì} d ^ì ai Oh`|abo o} }j` }ah`;

Rjpi|p Rp~pka *?13=(?17?!& wjddpim`m }j` a|r} ^ì hdior}`| ai Oh`|abo;

Jokp oa~oi Ho`~pha *?12?(?110!&

wjdr` faiòg` gou` |ar` }d hoi Oh`|aboi ^ì

rbjddfr; d| Sjafas Kosfòp& o|gpolf }j` hdr}

ohdpr ^ì }òbj`| ai }j` Pia}`m R}o}`r o} }j`

}ah`) Kosfòp& o r}pmì} d \rja Qorp}oia&

l`fdig`m }d }j` Roilkmoi faiòg` oim }opgj}

o d|h d ^ì }jo} aibd|sd|o}`m ld}j R} oim

\ai~oa h`}jdmr) Jdwù`|& ai }jà| rr}`h& }j`|` arid rr}`ho}a~o}adi d s|ob}ab` ai}d r}og`r)2 Rjìg Qì woi}`m }d

lofoib` wjo} j` s`|bàu`m or }j` fdsram`m d|h d

^ì }opgj} l rdh` d jar bdi}`hsd|o|a`r& wjabj

du`|`hsjora~`m r}pmaig dfm koir oim r``kaig

ìfagj}ìhì} wa}jdp} o dpimo}adi ai }j` }j|``

od|`hì}adi`m r}pma`r) Air}òm& j` r}|`rr`m o

hd|` uo|a`go}`m ram` }d Bjoi l r`f`b}aig }j`r`??? hor}`|r; j` rjdw`m }jo} }j`|` o|` id az`m

Bjoi }òbjaigr d| oss|dobj`r }d s|ob}ab`) O} }j`

roh` }ah` off s|ob}ab`r o|` id} r`so|o}` |dh }j`

bpf}auo}adi d bd||`b} pim`|r}oimaig& o}}a}pm`r& oim

h`}jdmr }jo} o|` g|dpim`m ai Lpmmjomjo|ho)

Ai }j` Sd`}| d @ifagj}ìhì}& j` r}o}`m& }j`

s|ùoafaig ua`w ar }jo} }j`|` ar id wo }d m`rb|al`

}j` `zs`|aìb` d Bjoi& a} ar rpgg`r}`m }jo} w` npr}

gd ojòm oim s|ob}ab` l r}pmaig }j` kpig(oir)j` sp|sdr` d }j`r` sd`hr ar ma`|ì} ai }jo}

}j` rs`baaboff rjdw dp jdw }d s|ob}ab`& wjo}

o}}a}pm`r }d bpf}auo}`& oim wjo} sa}offr }d l` owo|`

d) Eaioff& }j` m`rb|al` }j` aièolf` `zs`|aìb` d

Bjoi a}r`f)0=

Aim``m& Rjìg Qì mam id} rj owo |dh

o|}abpfo}aig oim s|`rì}aig bdib`s}pof d|hpfo}adir

d Bjoi s|ob}ab` }d jar r}pmì}r) Bd||`b} ua`w

ar hd|` ahsd|}oi} }joi hargpam`m s|ob}ab`) J`wor o s|dfaab w|a}`|) J` ofrd ìbdp|og`m jar

r}pmì}r }d o|}abpfo}` }jà| `zs`|aìb`r ai wd|mr

oim splfarj }j`h ai }j` Bjoi Hogo~ai`) Wa}jai

o ò| d o||auof ai Oh`|abo ai ?175& j` r}o|}`m

}j` Bjoi Hogo~ai` }j` `ma}`m }|oirb|as}r d jar

}òbjaigr oim |`sd|}r l jar r}pmì}r& oim }j`

Bjoi I`wrf`}}`| ai ?171& wjabj aibfpm`r `ma}`m

}|oirb|as}r d jar }òbjaigr oim i`wr a}`hr oimpsbdhaig ùì}r& or w`ff or d}j`| Bjoi wd|kr

wjabj w`|` s|ùadprf dif obb`rralf` ai Bjai`r`)

J` bdi}aip`m }d w|a}` ai Bjai`r` di uo|adpr

ors`b}r d Lpmmjomjo|ho) Rjìg Qì rjdw`m }jo}

Bjoi wor id} r`so|o}` o} off |dh }j` |abj }`z}pof

oim mdb}|aiof j`|a}og` d Lpmmjarh) J` `fold|o}`m

d|hpfo}adir d }j` so}j& }j` mau`|r` oim ai}|abo}`

h`}jdmr d bpf}auo}adi& oim }j` }j`d|`}abof

ahsfabo}adir bdma`m ai rpl}f` rr}`hr d mdb}|ai`)Ed| jah& Bjoi md`r id} jou` oi z`m h`}jdmr

d s|ob}ab`; or fdig or }j`|` ar s|ds`| gpamoib` l

o gddm }òbj`|& off h`}jdmr boi l` aibfpm`m ai}d

Bjoi)00 Or j` }opgj} oim w|d}`& j` l`goi }d

rr}`ha~` jar }òbjaigr)

Rjìg Qì }opgj} hoi ma`|ì} h`}jdmr

s|auo}`f di |`}|ò}r& lp} mp|aig }j` fo}` :3r& j`

l|domì`m }j` rbds` d wjo} wdpfm }saboff l`

bdiram`|`m }d l` Bjoi h`}jdmr) J` ai}|dmpb`m}d jar r}pmì}r }j` wòf}j d }òbjaigr |dh

}j` Lpmmjar} boidi) Mp|aig }jar }ah`& Rjìg

Qì l`goi }d d`| }d jar r}pmì}r ai I`w Qd|k

W`mi`rmo Rs`baof Bjoi Ai}`|h`mao}` Bforr`r

di h`ma}o}adi& wj`|ài j` ai}|dmpb`m uo|adpr

h`ma}o}adi oim bdi}`hsfo}adi *gpoi ! h`}jdmr

m`rb|al`m ai }j` rb|as}p|`r oim Bjoi marbdp|r`

|`bd|mr) j` aibfpm`m }j` rafì} affphaio}adi

h`}jdm *hd~jod !&05

wjabj j` jor of|òm}opgj} l`d|`& bdi}`hsfo}aig haim *gpoizai

!&07 }j` h`}jdm d |`faiqparjaig *rj` !&0:

oim bdhsorradio}` bdi}`hsfo}adi *balà gpoi

!)01 L ?11:& j` wor }òbjaig o wjdf` jdr}

d h`}jdmr m`|au`m |dh }j` rb|as}p|`r& oim }j`

h`}jdmr aibfpm`m ai }j` ai}`|h`mao}` bforr w`|`

}j` l|agj} hddi rohmja *haigp` roihà

! oim dbòi(ròf rohmja *joaai roihà

! }d ioh` o `w) Id} off d }j`r` }ofkrw`|` `ma}`m oim splfarj`m) Jar lorab }òbjaigr di

h`ma}o}aig di }j` l|ò}j bdi}aip`m)


27/38

?50Eò}p|` @rroqr

j` h`}jdm d dbòi ròf rohmja&

d| `zohsf`& wor o sdspfo| h`}jdm }jo} hoi

s`dsf` pr`m oim fak`m) j` dbòi ròf ar oi

ìfagj}ì`m |òfa~o}adi }jo} off sjìdhìo hp}poff

ai}`|sì`}|o}` oim md id} dlr}|pb} di` oid}j`|)

A} ar o r}o}` }jo} bdi}oair off mjo|hor)53 Ai }jÒuo}oh) roko R}|o& a} r}o}`r }jo} }j` Lpmmjo ar

ofwor ai }jar rohmja) Wjaf` }j`|` o|` uo|adpr

bdhhì}o|a`r d| `zsfoio}adir d a}r hòiaig&

or o h`ma}o}adi h`}jdm& jdwù`|& }j` boidiabof

|``|ìb`r o|` rbo|b`) ]` dif |``|ìb` d oidi`

wjd ob}poff s|ob}ab`m }jar h`}jdm ai }j` ì}a|`

Lpmmjar} boidi ar o ?2}j bì}p| hor}`| ioh`m

Hìgrjoi Mà *?


28/38

?55 Eò}p|` @rroqr

wor o h`}jdm }jo} marossò|`m ai}d dlrbp|a}

ai }j` Bjai`r` Bjoi }|oma}adi o}`| rù`|of

gì`|o}adir) Rjìg Qì ar kidwi or o |ùau`| d

}jar h`}jdm) A} wor di` d }j` h`}jdmr }jo} j`

marbdu`|`m oim s|ob}ab`m ai jar rdfa}o| |`}|ò}) J`

dib` roam }jo} j` rahsf ro}& wa}jdp} o h`}jdm&wa}jdp} olamaig oiwj`|`& `} f`} }j` haim }d

l` bfò| d ù`|}jaig) jì wjì j` jom |òm

Jdig~jar }òbjaigr& j` |òfa~`m wjo} j` jom l`ì

s|ob}abaig)57 jar wor }j` wo Rjìg Qì a|r}

}opgj} hd~jod& wa}jdp} r}og`r>

Rafì} affphaio}adi ar ob}poff }j` hdr}

ma|`b} h`}jdm& l`bopr` Bjoi ar id} rdh`}jaig

}jo} dp boi pr` dp| haim }d }jaik oldp}) A}r id}

rdh`}jaig }jo} dp boi pr` oi wd|mr d| d|h dfoigpog` }d m`rb|al`) ]` h`}jdm ar rahsf }d md

owo wa}j oi h`}jdm d s|ob}ab`) Pr` id h`}jdm

or }j` h`}jdm a}r`f j` rafì} affphaio}adi

h`}jdm ar wjì dp| haim rahsf md`ri} jou`

oi }jdpgj}r) O} }jo} hdhì} dp npr} sp} mdwi

ù`|}jaig& oim }jo} ar }j` r}o}` d Bjoi a}r`f)

Rafì} md`ri} hòi offaig orf``s) jo}r wj w`

jou` }d dffdw }j` wd|m rafì} wa}j }j` wd|m

affphaio}adi& }jo} ar& dp| haim ar u`| bfò|)5:

Rjìg Qì ofrd wo|i`m oldp} }jar h`}jdm>

Ai }j` l`gaiiaig r}og`& s`dsf` i``m }d s|ob}ab`

ai o qpa`} oim sòb`pf sfob`) jo}r wj hdr} d

}j` s|ob}a}adi`|r d }j` Bodmdig r`b} s|``||`m }d

s|ob}ab` ai }j` hdpi}oair& or o| owo |dh d}j`|

s`dsf` or sdrralf`) ]ar jor l`ì }j` bor` ai Bjaio

or w`ff or ai Nosoi) Ed| }jar |òrdi }jar h`}jdmd rafì} affphaio}adi ho id} l` rpa}olf` d| }j`

hond|a} d s`dsf`& l`bopr` ai dp| hdm`|i rdba`}

a} wdpfm l` qpa}` maabpf} d| ù`| s|ob}a}adi`|

}d gd de ai}d }j` hdpi}oair) Rd A s`|rdioff mdi}

d}ì pr` }jar h`}jdm }d }òbj d}j`|r& o} fòr} ai }j`

l`gaiiaig r}og`) A wdpfm dif }`ff o `w }d pr` }jar

h`}jdm) ]`|` ar oid}j`| m``b} d }jar h`}jdm) A

}j` s|ob}a}adi`| ar id} praig a} |agj}& jar haim ho

l` ai o r}o}` d lfoiki`rr& oim j` orrph`r }jo} }jarar wjo} ar hòi} l rafì}) A }jar ar }j` bor`& j`

boi iù`| s|ob}ab` w`ff)51

Rjìg Qì r}o}`m }jo} rafì} affphaio}adi

d| hd~jod ar oi offprau` h`}jdm oim d| }jar

|òrdi a} ho id} l` rpa}olf` d| }j` hond|a} d

s`dsf`) Or r`ì ai di` r}pmì}r |`bdff`b}adi *r``

oldu`!& a} wor o d|hf`rr& h`}jdmf`rr h`}jdm) ]`r}pmì} wor ork`m }d l` bfò| d wjo}ù`| ar gdaig

di wa}jdp} gauaig |ar` }d oi woim`|aig) Ai}`|`r}

ai hd~jod wor gì`|o}`m wjì G`}}aig }j`

Lpmmjo Haim wor splfarj`m ai ?1:3& ai wjabj

Rjìg Qì bdhhì}r di }j` Airb|as}adi di Rafì}

Affphaio}adi *Hd~jod haig! l Jdig~ja&

}j` s|dsdiì} d hd~jod ai }j` Rdig mior}) Di

Idu`hl`| d ?1:3& Rjìg Qì wor ai}`|ua`w`m

l F`z Jazdi di WLOA |omad r}o}adi oldp}hd~jod)73

A} ar wd|}j id}aig& jdwù`|& }jo} rdh`}ah`

ai }j` fo}` :3r& sdrralf mp|aig jar Ai}`|h`mao}`

Bjoi Bforr`r& j` l`goi }d wam`f }òbj }jar

h`}jdm }d hoi s`dsf` l bfo|aaig a}r rpl}f`

r}og`r oim bdib|`}` h`}jdmr d| s|ob}a}adi`|r

}d ìgog` wa}j wjì praig }jar h`}jdmf`rr

h`}jdm) j` a|r} splfarj`m @igfarj wd|k di o

rr}`ho}a~`m s|`rì}o}adi d }j` hd~jod h`}jdmai}d }j|`` r}og`r *d dlr`|uaig }j` ldm& dlr`|uaig

}j` haim& oim }j` r}o}` d ìfagj}ìhì}! ar ai

?112) Jdwù`|& }jar d|hpfo}adi k`s} di ùdfuaig

|dh wjo} j` jom }opgj} l`d|`)7? L ?110& j`

d|hpfo}`m o dp|dfm r}og`) j` a|r} r}og` ar

dlr`|uaig }j` ldm ra}}aig; }j` r`bdim ar o pia`m

r}o}` d ldm& ìua|dihì}& oim haim ra}}aig;

}j` }ja|m ar }j` bdi}`hsfo}adi d `hs}ai`rr) j`

dp|}j ar }j` aiòlf` r}o}` d ìfagj}ìhì})7 }j` ai}|airaboff r}aff haim ar }j` `rrìb`

d warmdh& oim warmdh ar io}p|of pib}adi d}j` r}aff haim) Hd~jod& }jì& ar o h`}jdm }jo}

rahpf}oi`dprf bpf}auo}`r oho}jo oim uasooi

oim hpr} l` |òfa~`m ai }j` ob}aua} d moaf fa`

id} di }j` bprjadi) ]ar ar ùaib`m ai ?11: wjì&

o} }j` aiua}o}adi d }j` Airagj} H`ma}o}adi Bì}`|

d Ldr}di& j` o|}abpfo}`m o u`dfm r}og` hd~jod)

j` au` r}og`r o|`> |`fozaig }j` ldm oim haim;

dlr`|uaig }j` }d}ofa} d }j` ldm; bdi}`hsfo}aig

}j` ìua|dihì} or di`r ldm; bdi}`hsfo}aig}j` uor}i`rr d }j` r`f oim `z}`|iof ìua|dihì};

|òfa~aig }j` rahpf}oià} d r} affi`rr oim

fphaidra}& rohmja oim s|on oim }j` olrìb`

d r`f)7= ]`r` r}og`r o|` bfò|f r}o}`m ai jar


30/38

?5: Eò}p|` @rroqr

j` l`boh` lpra`| oim l`goi }d rsìm f`rr }ah` ai

|`}|ò} so|}abasoi}r) ]ar hòi} }jo} j` id fdig`|

pr`m }j` `z}`hsd|oi`dpr& s|`rrp|aig r}|o}`g di

jar r}pmì}r) Air}òm& j` rsì} hd|` }ah` mìaig

}j` }wd h`}jdmr d jpo}dp oim hd~jod ai}d

r}og`r ai }j` jds` }jo} jar r}pmì}r hagj} dffdwjar air}|pb}adir oim m``sì }jà| s|ob}ab` di }jà|

dwi) Or o |`rpf}& jar Bjoi }òbjaigr w`|` bfo|a`m

oim hd|` obb`rralf`& oim }j`r` }òbjaigr l`goi }d

}ok` }j` d|h d rdbaoff ìgog`m hd|of `mpbo}adi)

J` bdi}aip`m wa}j jar d}j`| ai}`|`r}r ai `mpbo}adi

oim }j` uaioo or w`ff)

]` Bjai`r` Lpmmjar}r dbpr di `mpbo}adi

mp|aig }j` \`splfaboi `|o |òff r}`hr |dh

}j` }|oma}adiof Bjai`r` rìr` d r`f(bpf}auo}adid| hd|of `mpbo}adi }jo} ar m``sf |dd}`m ai

Bdipbaoi }|oma}adir) Jar}d|aboff }j` s`|s`}po}adi

oim s|drs`|a} d Lpmmjarh ai Bjaio jor ofwor

m`sìm`m di }j` `z}ì} }d wjabj a} wor olf` }d

m`hdir}|o}` a}r`f or o uaolf` ai}`ff`b}pof oim rdbaof

air}a}p}adi uar((uar }|oma}adiof Bjai`r` uofp`r }jo}

w`|` j`fm }d l` `rrì}aof ai hd|of }|oird|ho}adi)

Ai }j` Bdipbaoi rr}`h d uofp`r& `mpbo}adi jor

ofwor hòi} hpbj hd|` }joi sp|`f ai}`ff`b}pof}|oaiaig oim }j` mù`fdshì} d rkaffr) |p`

Bdipbaoi `mpbo}adi boiid} l` r`so|o}`m |dh }j`

hd|of ahs|du`hì} d }j` aimauampof or o rdbaof

làig) j` }`|h zp` & r}pm d| fò|iaig&

oim naod & mdb}|ai`& jou` jom r}|dig `}jabof

ahsfabo}adir) j` |``| }d o iphl`| d o|òr d

mù`fdshì}> o }d}of s|db`rr d obqpara}adi oim

ai}`|ad|a~o}adi d }j` id|hr d }j` |agj} wo d

fa`; }j` r}pm oim h`hd|a~o}adi d }`z}r }jo}

`z`hsfa }jdr` id|hr; oim& o} }j` jagj`| fù`f d

r}pm& }j` b|ò}adi d oi `fa}` wjdr` h`hl`|r

à}j`| or fdbof fòm`|r d| or omhaiar}|o}d|rwaff

l` qpofaa`m }d p|}j`| }j` ossfabo}adi d }j`rùofp`r)7: @mpbo}adi jom o bdhs|`jìrau` amòf d

hd|of }|oaiaig oim oi am`dfdgabof(s`mogdgabof oah

d| }j` horr`r) Ai }jar rìr`& }|oma}adiof Bdipbaoi

`mpbo}adi hòi} `mpbo}adi d| off fù`fr d }j`

sdspfo}adi) Gauì }jar bdi}`z}& Rjìg Qìr dbpr

di `mpbo}adi wor wam`f |`bàu`m ai oawoi`r`

rdba`} oim `r}olfarj`m or o uaolf` hòir d|

ahs|duaig hdm`|i Bjai`r` rdba`})

Lpmmjarh ai Bjaio jor jar}d|aboff s|duam`moi of}`|io}au` hd|of `mpbo}adiof s|dg|oh d| }j`

Bjai`r` oim& o} }j` roh` }ah`& rpssd|}`m }j`

`zar}aig Bdipbaoi air}a}p}adi ai `mpbo}aig }j`

rdba`})71 Jdwù`|& wa}j }j` m`bfaiaig aifpìb`

d Bdipbaoiarh or o uaolf` }|oma}adi ai hdm`|i

}ah`r& Rjìg Qì s|dhd}`m `mpbo}adi ai }j`

l|dom rìr` d hd|of bpf}auo}adi wjabj wdpfm ob}

or o u`jabf` d| s|dhd}aig Lpmmjarh) J` ofrd

o}}|alp}`m jar wd|k ai `mpbo}adi }d jar hor}`|&Mdigbjp) J` r}o}`r> j` |òrdi w` idw jou` o

hdpi}oai ra}` boff`m Mjo|ho M|ph Hdpi}oai ar

s|aho|af l`bopr` d h }òbj`|& }j` fo}` Hor}`|

Mdigbjp) Ai jar waff& j` jom `zs|`rr`m jds` }jo}

A wdpfm fdbo}` o io}p|of jaffram` }d `r}olfarj oi

air}a}p}` d| Lpmmjar} `mpbo}adi) j` m`}oafr d

}jar waff o|` ai h Bjai`r` o|}abf` ]` Maebpf}

H`ma}o}adi ai Hdu`hì}


31/38

?51Eò}p|` @rroqr

ai \`soaig Di`r G|o}a}pm` }d }j` Hor}`| A

rjo|` Hor}`| Mdigbjpr uaradi }jo} Lpmmjarh jor

id p}p|` wa}jdp} Lpmmjar} `mpbo}adi) :3

]` wd|kr d oazp& Qairjpi& oim Mdigbjp

w`|` pimìaolf ahsd|}oi} ai }j` mù`fdshì}

d Rjìg Qìr }jaikaig& lp} jar dwi uaradi dwjo} `mpbo}adi rjdpfm l` wor ma|`b}f m`|au`m

|dh jar dwi fa` `zs`|aìb` oim pim`|r}oimaig

d Lpmmjomjo|ho oim Bjoi) Or hì}adi`m

oldu`& jar b|a}aqp` d oazp oim d}j`|r fo ai

}jà| aiolafa} }d sp} }jà| amòr ai}d s|ob}ab`)

Ed| }jar |òrdi& Rjìg Qì r}|du` }d hok` jar

rdbaoff ìgog`m `mpbo}adiof uaradi ai}d d|hof&

}òbjolf` s|dg|ohr) jpr j` `r}olfarj`m o i`w

rbjddf d Bjoi}j` Mjo|ho M|ph Faiòg`}d ai}`g|o}` }j` dlr`|uo}adir oim h`}jdmr d jar

s|`m`b`rrd|r or w`ff or }jdr` d d}j`| Lpmmjar}

}|oma}adir) J` r}o}`m> A r}pma`m }j`r` }wd }jaik`|r

*a)`)& oazp oim Qairjpi! rr}`ho}a~o}adi |dh }j`

s`|rs`b}au` d rdh`di` wa}jai }j` Bjoi }|oma}adi

fauaig ai }j` hdm`|i wd|fm) A jds` }d rjdw }jo}

Aimaoi Lpmmjarh& or }j` w`ffrs|aig d off fo}`|

mù`fdshì}r d Lpmmjarh& fo}`| mù`fds`m ai}d

}j` Id|}j`|i oim Rdp}j`|i }|oirharradir):?Rjìg Qì r}|digf id}`m }jo} j` wor m|auì l

wjo} j` row or o m``s b|arar *wàna goi ! ai

}j` ooa|r d Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh):< Hoi Bjai`r`

s|ob}ab`m d}j`| d|hr d Lpmmjarh|dh al`}

d| Rdp}j Orao|o}j`| }joi Bjai`r` Lpmmjarh)

Rjìgoi l`faù`m }jo} Bjoi wor }j` bd|` d }j`

Lpmmjor h`rrog`& rd a} wor ahs`|o}au` }d `r}olfarj

o i`w rbjddf d Bjoi }d l|aig }jar h`rrog` }d

wd|fm)Rjìg Qì l`goi }d }ok` o hd|` ob}au` |df`

ai rs|òmaig }j` Mjo|ho o|dpim }j` wd|fm& oim

j` `zsoim`m jar }òbjaigr }d aibfpm` d|maio|

s`dsf` wjd hagj} id} l` olf` s|ob}ab` Bjoi

ai}ìrau`f) Rjìg Qì `hsjora~`m }j` hd|of

`mpbo}adiof io}p|` d Bjoi) J` o|}abpfo}`m o

}j|``(dfm `mpbo}adiof s|dg|oh d ?) `z}ìrau`

piau`|ra} `mpbo}adi *mo zp`poi naodp

!; Bjoi s|ob}ab` ar o bdi}aipof

s|db`rr d hìmaig [dp| ob}adir d ldm& rs``bj&oim haimX; a} ar o d|h d `mpbo}adi):= Bjoi or

`mpbo}adi boi l` r`ì or o wo }d hdu` Bjoi

|dh }j` |`}|ò} r`}}aig dp} ai}d }j` wd|fm) So|}f

}jar wor s|dhs}`m }d jar aib|òraig aiudfu`hì}

wa}j }j` lpafmaig d Mjo|ho M|ph Hdpi}oai)

J` }a|`f`rrf wd|k`m }d |`s|`rì} Mjo|ho M|ph

Hdpi}oai or oi `mpbo}adiof bdhsf`z d| }j`

r}pm oim ob}pofa~o}adi d Lpmmjar} warmdh) ]ar

}ork }ddk bì}`| r}og` o} }j` `zsìr` d dbpraig`zbfprau`f di Bjoi |`}|ò}r) Ai ?11< j` l`goi

orkaig jar r}pmì}r }d ai}`|ua`w |`}|ò}oi}r di jar

l`jof& o} fòr} d| }j` |r} ai}`|ua`w):0 Jar jòf}j

l`goi }d m`bfai` or jar aipìb` ai oawoi l`boh`

r}|dig) J` rsì} hd|` oim hd|` }ah` gauaig fo|g`

f`b}p|`r di rdbaoff ìgog`m Lpmmjarh praig Bjoi

s|aibasf`r& s|dhd}aig }j` uaradi d `r}olfarjaig o

Sp|` Foim di @o|}j l praig lpmmjomjo|ho }d

sp|a s`dsf`r haimr& }d }jdproimr d s`dsf` aioawoi)

O}`| }j` sp|bjor` d Mjo|ho M| ph


32/38


33/38

?7?Eò}p|` @rroqr

d Aimaoi& Bjai`r`& oim al`}oi Lpmmjar} r}pma`r

boi l` |``f pr`m) j` Mjo|ho M|ph faiòg`

ob}pofa~`r }j` s|aibasf` d idi(olamaig oim

miohaboff `zsoimr a}r |òbj ù`|wj`|`) Ai d}j`|

wd|mr& }j` sp|sdr` d| `r}olfarjaig }j` Mjo|ho

M|ph faiòg` boi l` roam }d l` d| }j` lìà} d

}j` dp| orr`hlfa`r d hdikr& ipir& fohì& oim

fowdhì d Mjo|ho M|ph Hdpi}oai) j`

pf}aho}` harradi d bdp|r` ar }d |ùau` Bjai`r`

Bjoi Lpmmjarh& }d aij`|a} }j` sor} oim airsa|` }j`

p}p|`& oim lì`} off rì}aì} làigr)12

Q`}& ai }j` roh` lddkf`}& j` |`f`b}r di

di` d }j` r}|ìg}jr d hdm`|i Nosoi`r` rbjddfr

oim }jà| olafa} }d s`|s`}po}` }j`hr`fu`r uar((

uar }j` bjoffìg`r d }j` hdm`|i og`) J` r}o}`rj` Nosoi`r` rbjddfr d Nmd rj *Sp|` foim

Rbjddf!& dpim`m l Jiì *??22(?


34/38

?7< Eò}p|` @rroqr

di }j`r` }j|`` r}og`r j`|` }d obbdpi} d| }j`

ùdfp}adi d jar Bjoi }òbjaigr ai }j` fo}`| so|}

d jar fa`)

?3) R``Hor}`| Rjìg Q i&Nampnaod ~ja oinap

*oasà> Mdigbjp Splfarjaig& ?157;

ossìmaz splfarj`m aim`sìmì}f ai ?105!&?( Mdigbjp Splfarjaig&

?171!& =& ?

*oasà> Eogp wìjpo& ?0) R`` Hor}`| Rjìg Qì& ^jdiggpd dnaod rja

koarjpd *oasà> Rjoigwp

aigrjp gpoi& ?17

?5) R`` Hor}`| Rjìg Qì& Rjìg Qì orja zp`ra

fabjì::(1)?7)R`` Hor}`| Rjìg Qì& Edd}s|ai}r ai }j` Ridw>

]` Op}dladg|osj d o Bjai`r` Lpmmjar} Hdik

*I`w Qd|k> Mdplf`mo&


35/38

?72Eò}p|` @rroqr

Orrdbao}adi d }j` Pia}`m R}o}`r& ?177!& dffdwaig o|` }j|`` `zohsf`r o} }j|`` ma`|ì}

}ah`r& l`gaiiaig wa}j }j` ò|fa`r}> r`` Hor}`|Rjìg Qì& Ednaod m` zapzaig oigo

& ai Ednaod |phì *oasà>

Mdigbjp bjploi rj`& ?177!& ?::(1; }jar ar o

?177 }ofk; Bdig zaodwd mod wpwpd

& ai Bjoi m` }aoi> bjoi m` koarja&

?1


36/38

?7= E`o}p|` @rroqr

i`wrf`}}`|id) 23 *Npi`& ?1:2!)

25) R`` Uab}d| Jd|a& ^`i Roim> j` Ld dk d

Bossaig Sj|or`r d| Kdoi S|ob}ab` *Jdidfpfp>

Piau`|ra} d Jowoaa S|`rr& Mjo|ho M|ph Bd|s&


37/38

?70Eò}p|` @rroqr

wor gauì ai Ho ?1: 5=5l

wjì }jar h`}jdm wor }opgj}& ai bdiu`|ro}adi

wa}j Jo|| Haff`|& oid}j`| r}pmì} wjd

o}}ìm`m }j` W`mi`rmo Rs`baof Bjoi

Ai}`|h`mao}` Bforr)

52) Jar o}}ìmoi} hdik d }jar }ah`& Gpdgp &

wor di` d }j` a|r} hdior}abr wjd s|ob}ab`m}jar h`}jdm l`gaiiaig ai }j` fo}` :3r) Gpdgp

d}ì |`bàu`m air}|pb}adir s|auo}`f |dh

Rjìg Qì)

5=) ]ar wor bfo|a`m wa}j Moia`f R}ùìrdi& wjd

ar di` d }j` ò|fa`r} |`}|ò}oi}r Rjìg Qì f`m

ai }j` R}o}`r) Bdiu`|ro}adi di ?3$

bdi}`z}& wjabj dffdwr }j` Aimaoi Lpmmjar}

prog` or dssdr`m }d }j` hdm`|i Oh`|aboi

sjìdhìdi d airagj} h`ma}o}adi }jo} ar

lor`m di }j` ]`|oumo }|oma}adi)

7=) R`` Hor}`| Rjìg Qì& Faoigqaoi iaoi zaignaod

*oasà> Mjo|ho M|ph Bd|s)&

j` Bjoi S|ob}ab` d Rafì}

Affphaio}adi *Ldr}di oim Fdimdi> Rjohljofo

Splfabo}adir&

Piau`|ra} d Bofad|iao S|`rr& ?1:1!& ?1( Mjo|ho M|ph Bd|s)&


38/38

:2) j` a|r} }ah` Rjìg Qì marbdp|r`m di }j`r`

}j|`` `fmr d `mpbo}adi ar ?11=; fo}`| }j` }ofk

ossò|`m ai o rhoff lddkf`}& Eogp rjoi bjpoi

oai splfarj`m ai ?11=) j`

lddkf`} ar idw aibd|sd|o}`m ai }j` Bdhsf`}`

Bdff`b}adi d Mjo|ho M|ph& r`` Hor}`| RjìgQì& Eogp rjoi m` oigzaoig

*oasà> Mjo|ho M|ph Bd|s)& Mdigbjp Splfarjaig& ?1:5!&

d s|ob}ab` off ua|}p`r;

}d m`fau`| off rì}aì} làigr; oim }d bpf}auo}`

off s|`b`s}r; r`` Spro na` ~jaod

*oasà> Mjo|ho M|ph Splfabo}adir& ?110!& =)Ai ?113 oim ?11 Mjo|ho M|ph Bd|s&

聖嚴法師與禪宗之現代化建構 [中] master sheng yen and the modern construction of chan...

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