박영동 교수 자연과학대학 화학전공. magic arrangement  example 1 c 2 h 6 o ethyl...

Magic Arrangement Example 1 C2H6OEthyl alcoholDimethyl ether

Magic Arrangement Example 2 AlanineL-alanineD-alanineHuman proteinBacteria cell wall

Chemistry and Society

Chemistry and Society

in 2007 mostly based on data provided by the World Steel Association

2005: 23 *Plastics vs. Steels

RankCountry/RegionSteel production (million tonnes)World1,343.51People's Republic of China489.0European Union210.32Japan120.23United States97.24Russia72.25India53.16South Korea51.47Germany48.58Ukraine42.89Brazil33.810Italy32.0

Computational Chemistry

Advanced CatalystsCombinatorial chemistry and computational methods => library of catalysts

Clean ManufacturingPreserving material Minimizing energy

Analytical TechniquesLasers Spectroscopy Instrumentation

PTFE is rapidly stretch to create a strong microporous material known as expanded PTFE, or ePTFE. GORE-TEX Graft: ePTFE (expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene)

Material ScienceDesigner materialOrganic electronicsNanotube Water Doesn't Freeze -- Even At Hundreds Of Degrees Below ZeroImage by Christian J. Burnham, University of Houston.Montreals 1067 Expo: American pavilion at night

Carbon nanotube wire demonstrated at 1GHz http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/nalefd/2008/8/i02/abs/nl0730965.html Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Gold nanoparticles18 ~ 250 nm

Material Science

Magnetocaloric materialgiant magnetocaloric effect in gadolinium-silicon-germanium [Gd5(SixGe1-x)4] alloys

Humanitys Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years ENERGYWATERFOODENVIRONMENT POVERTYTERRORISM & WARDISEASEEDUCATIONDEMOCRACY POPULATION

2004 6.5 Billion People2050 ~ 10 Billion PeopleSlide from: R. E. Smalley, Rice University

Humanitys Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years ENERGYWATERFOODENVIRONMENT POVERTYTERRORISM & WARDISEASEEDUCATIONDEMOCRACY POPULATION

2004 6.5 Billion People2050 ~ 10 Billion PeopleSlide from: R. E. Smalley, Rice University

The Biggest Challenge

EnergyFor 1010 PeopleThe Biggest ChallengeAt MINIMUM we need 10 Terawatts (150 M BOE/day) from some new clean energy source by 2050

Its got to be cheap.

But, not with current technology.

World Energy Millions of Barrels per Day (Oil Equivalent)30020010001860 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100Source: John F. Bookout (President of Shell USA) ,Two Centuries of Fossil Fuel Energy International Geological Congress, Washington DC; July 10,1985. Episodes, vol 12, 257-262 (1989).

165,000 TWof sunlighthit the earth

Free!

?

The ENERGY REVOLUTION (The Terawatt Challenge)14.5 Terawatts220 M BOE/day 30 - 60 Terawatts450 - 900 MBOE/day The Basis of Prosperity 20st Century = OIL 21st Century = ??Slide from: R. E. Smalley, Rice University

Chart1

Sheet1

FoodGasMotel

Jan121710

Feb171121

Mar222914

Apr141017

May121710

Jun191520

Chart5

33.6

23.8

21.6

5.5

10

5.5

0.5

0.5%

Source: BP & IEA

2004

Sheet1

Oil33.6

Coal23.8

Gas21.6

Fission5.5

Biomass10

Hydroelectric5.5

Solar, wind, geothermal0.5

Oil10

Coal7

Gas14

Fission14

Biomass2

Hydroelectric2.3

Solar, wind, geothermal49.7

Sheet1

0.5%

Source: Internatinal Energy Agency

2002

Sheet2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2050

2002

Sheet3

Chart7

4

6

11

15

11

5

48

2050

Sheet1

Oil35

Coal23.5

Gas20.7

Fission6.8

Biomass11.1

Hydroelectric2.3

Solar, wind, geothermal0.5

Oil4

Coal6

Gas11

Fusion / Fission15

Biomass11

Hydroelectric5

Solar, wind, geothermal48

Sheet1

0.5%

Source: Internatinal Energy Agency

2002

Sheet2

10

7

14

14

2

2.3

49.7

2050

Sheet3

Slide from: R. E. Smalley, Rice University

Electric Vehicles-Traditional Battery

Electric Vehicles-Advanced BatteryTesla RoadsterLotus EliseTop speed: 217 km/h0-100 km/h in 3.9 secRange: 390 km US$100,000Battery-to-wheel efficiency :90%US$0.03/mileLithium ion cell7yrs/100,000 miles

Electric Vehicles- maybe for me(?)Tesla Model S available in 2011Top speed: 217 km/h0-96 km/h in 5.6 secRange: 480 km US$49,90045 min Quick Charge$4/300 milesSeats for 7

Energy & Food

051015202530351chemistry and allied productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectrical machineryPrinting and publishingInstrumentsMotor vehicles and partsOther transportation equipmentPrimary metalsFabricated metal productsOthersMiningUtilitiesChemistry in Industry

Organic DyesFlexible Solar cellSamsung WVGA OLED

The Winners Are2003 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistryfor discoveries concerning channels in cell membranesfor the discovery of water channelsfor structural and mechanistic studies of ion channelsPeter Agre Roderick MacKinnon

The Winners Are2004 Nobel Prize winners/ChemistryThe discovery was made at the beginning of the 1980s at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, USA, jointly by the three scientists"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"

The Winners Are2005 Nobel Prize winners/ChemistryMetathesis a change-your-partners dance" for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"

The Winner is2006 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry" for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription "Roger D. Kornberg Stanford University, CA, USA

The Winner is2007 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry" for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"Gerhard Ertl Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, GermanySpiral waves of carbon monoxide occupation on a platinum surface, captured by photoelectron emission microscopy (3D, false colour) FRITZ HABER INSTITUTE, GERMANY

The Winners Are2008 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"Martin Chalfie, Columbia University, New York, NY, USARoger Y. Tsien, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Osamu Shimomura, Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, USA

photograph of the cerebral cortex from Brainbow

The Winners Are2009 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"

Venkatraman RamakrishnanThomas A. SteitzAda E. YonathUnited KingdomUSAIsraelMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge, United KingdomYale University New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israelb. 1952 (in India)b. 1940b. 1939

Richard Feynman,in the Feynman Lectures on Physics, vol.1 I believe it is the atomic hypothesis that all things are made of atoms.

-George Bernard Shaw, Back to Methuselah, Act 1, Part 1

Slide from: ,