박영동 교수자연과학대학 화학전공

Magic Arrangement

Example 1 C2H6O

Ethyl alcohol Dimethyl ether

C

O

C

H

HHH

H

H

C C

O H

H

H

H HH

Magic Arrangement

Example 2 Alanine

L-alanine D-alanine

C

CH3

HOOC NH2

HC

CH3

COOHH2N

H

Human protein Bacteria cell wall

Chemistry and Society

Chemistry and Society

Rank   Country/Region  Steel production (million tonnes)  

— World 1,343.5

1People's Republic of China

489.0

— European Union 210.3

2 Japan 120.2

3 United States 97.2

4 Russia 72.2

5 India 53.1

6 South Korea 51.4

7 Germany 48.5

8 Ukraine 42.8

9 Brazil 33.8

10 Italy 32.0

in 2007 mostly based on data provided by the World Steel Association

세계 플라스틱 생산량

2005: 2 억 3 천만 톤*미확인

Plastics vs. Steels

Computational Chemistry

Advanced Catalysts

Combinatorial chemistry and computational methods=> library of catalysts

Clean Manufacturing

Preserving material

Minimizing energy

Analytical Techniques

Lasers

Spectroscopy

Instrumentation

PTFE is rapidly stretch to create a strong microporous material known as expanded PTFE, or ePTFE.

CF2 CF2n

GORE-TEX ® Graft: ePTFE (expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene)

Material Science

Designer material Organic electronics

Nanotube Water Doesn't Freeze -- Even At Hundreds Of Degrees Below Zero

Image by Christian J. Burnham, University of Houston.Montreal’s 1067 Expo: American pavilion at

night

Carbon nanotube wire demonstrated at 1GHz  

http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/nalefd/2008/8/i02/abs/nl0730965.html

Source: Lawrence Livermore National LaboratorySource: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Gold nanoparticles

18 ~ 250 nm

Material Science

Magnetocaloric material

giant magnetocaloric effect in gadolinium-silicon-germanium [Gd5(SixGe1-x)4] alloys

Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years 1. ENERGY

2. WATER

3. FOOD

4. ENVIRONMENT

5. POVERTY

6. TERRORISM & WAR

7. DISEASE

8. EDUCATION

9. DEMOCRACY

10. POPULATION2004 6.5 Billion People2050 ~ 10 Billion People

Slide from: R. E. Smalley, Rice University

Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years 1. ENERGY

2. WATER

3. FOOD

4. ENVIRONMENT

5. POVERTY

6. TERRORISM & WAR

7. DISEASE

8. EDUCATION

9. DEMOCRACY

10. POPULATION2004 6.5 Billion People2050 ~ 10 Billion People

Slide from: R. E. Smalley, Rice University

The Biggest Challenge

EnergyFor 1010 People

The Biggest Challenge

• At MINIMUM we need 10 Terawatts (150 M BOE/day)

from some new clean energy source by 2050

• It’s got to be cheap.

• But, not with current technology.

World Energy Millions of Barrels per Day (Oil Equivalent)

300

200

100

01860 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100

Source: John F. Bookout (President of Shell USA) ,“Two Centuries of Fossil Fuel Energy” International Geological Congress, Washington DC; July 10,1985. Episodes, vol 12, 257-262 (1989).

165,000 TWof sunlighthit the earth

Free!

어떤 묘책이 있을까 ?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

OilCoa

lGas

Fission

Biomas

s

Hydro

electr

ic

Solar,

wind, g

eothe

rmal

0.5%

Source: BP & IEA

2004

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

OilCoa

lGas

Fusio

n / F

issio

n

Biomas

s

Hydro

electr

ic

Solar,

wind

, geo

therm

al

2050

The ENERGY REVOLUTION (The Terawatt Challenge)

14.5 Terawatts

220 M BOE/day 30 - 60 Terawatts450 - 900 MBOE/day

The Basis of Prosperity 20st Century = OIL 21st Century = ??

Slide from: R. E. Smalley, Rice University

Slide from: R. E. Smalley, Rice University

Electric Vehicles-Traditional Battery

REVA/India:the best selling electric car in the worldMax speed: 80km/hRange: 80 km

Lead Acid Battery0.4 rupee(~15 원 )/km

Electric Vehicles-Advanced Battery

Tesla RoadsterLotus Elise

Top speed: 217 km/h0-100 km/h in 3.9 secRange: 390 km US$100,000Battery-to-wheel efficiency :90%US$0.03/mile

Lithium ion cell7yrs/100,000 miles

Electric Vehicles- maybe for me(?)

Tesla Model S available in 2011

Top speed: 217 km/h0-96 km/h in 5.6 secRange: 480 km US$49,90045 min Quick Charge$4/300 milesSeats for 7

배고파요 , 오마니 !N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH⇌ 3(g)

하버 법에 의한 질소비료 생산량 1 억톤 /년연간 세계 천연가스 수요의 3-5%전체 에너지 수요의 1-2%세계인구 1/3 의 식량을 감당

Energy & Food

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

1

chemistry and allied productsIndustrial machinery and equipmentElectrical machinery

Printing and publishing

InstrumentsMotor vehicles and parts

Other transportation equipmentPrimary metals

Fabricated metal products

OthersMining

Utilities

Chemistry in Industry

Organic Dyes

Flexible Solar cell

Samsung WVGA OLED

The Winners Are2003 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry

“for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes”

“for the discovery of water channels”

“for structural and mechanistic

studies of ion channels”

Peter Agre

Roderick MacKinnon

The Winners Are2004 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry

Irwin RoseCollege of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA

Avram Hershko Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel

Aaron Ciechanover Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel

The discovery was made at the beginning of the 1980s at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, USA, jointly by the three scientists

"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"

The Winners Are2005 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry

Yves ChauvinInstitut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France

Robert H. GrubbsCalifornia Institute of Technology,

Pasadena, CA, USA

Richard R. SchrockMassachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA

Metathesis – a change-your-partners dance

" for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"

The Winner is2006 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry

" for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription "

Roger D. KornbergStanford University, CA, USA

The Winner is2007 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry

" for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"

Gerhard ErtlFritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany

Spiral waves of carbon monoxide occupation on a platinum surface, captured by photoelectron emission microscopy (3D, false colour)© FRITZ HABER INSTITUTE, GERMANY

The Winners Are2008 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry

"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"

Martin Chalfie, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Roger Y. Tsien,

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

Osamu Shimomura, Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, USA

photograph of the cerebral cortex –from Brainbow

The Winners Are2009 Nobel Prize winners/Chemistry

"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

Thomas A. Steitz Ada E. Yonath

United Kingdom USA Israel

MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge, United Kingdom

Yale University New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel

b. 1952 (in India) b. 1940 b. 1939

Richard Feynman,in the Feynman Lectures on Physics, vol.1

I believe it is the atomic hypothesis

that all things are made of atoms.

-George Bernard Shaw, Back to Methuselah, Act 1, Part 1

Slide from: 장혜영 교수 , 아주대