lwt ljefugf j0fvf[p...lwt ljefugf j0fvf[p ... 7

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L

Re-Accredited Grade B by NAAC

(CGPA 2.93)

lJQFI o TFP!5v_*vZ_!_ l;lg0S[8GL ;FDFgI ;EFGL

SFI"JFCL GF[\W TYF 5lZlXQ8 DF[S,JF V\U[P

zLDFG4

;lJGI4 H6FJJFG]\ S[ TFP!5v_*vZ_!_ GF ZF[H D/[, l;lg0S[8GL A[9SGL

SFI"JFCL GF[\W TYF 5lZlXQ8GL ;LP0LP VF ;FY[ DF[S,JFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 H[ lJlNT YJF

lJG\lTP

S],;lRJ

G\Po l;lg0q 5& qZ_!_

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L SFIF",I4

I]lGJl;"8L S[d5;4 I]lGJl;"8L ZF[04

ZFHSF[8v5P

TFP Z*v_(vZ_!_

5|lT4

s!f l;lg0S[8GF ;J[" ;eIzLVM TZOPPP

GS, ZJFGF s HF6 ;FZ] f oov

!P S],5lTzL q S],;lRJzLGF\ V\UT ;lRJzLP

ZP ;\A\lWT lJEFUGF J0FVF[P

2

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L


(CGPA 2.93)

l;lg0S[8GL ;FDFgI ;EFGL SFI"JFCL GM\W

TFP !5v_*vZ_!_


I]lGJl;"8L S[d5;4

I]lGJl;"8L ZF[04

ZFHSF[8v5

3

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L


(CGPA 2.93)

;[MZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L l;lg0S[8GL H],F. DF;GL ;FDFgI ;EF U]~JFZ4

TFP!5v*vZ_!_ GF ZMH A5MZ[ !!v#_ S,FS[4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L SFIF",I4 I]lGJl;"8L S[d5;4

I]lGJl;"8L ZM04 ZFHSM8 BFT[ GLR[GF SFDSFH DF8[ D/[,4 H[DF\ ;eIzLVMGL CFHZL GLR[ 5|DF6[

CTLP

S|D ;eIzLG]\ GFD CFHZ q U[ZCFHZ

! 0MP SD,[XEF. 5LP HMQFL5]ZF4 S],5lTzL CFHZ

Z prR lX1F6 SlDxGZzLGF 5|lTlGlW v zL V[RP ;LP 58[, U[ZCFHZ

# 0FIZ[S8Z VMO 8[SlGS, V[HI]S[XGGF 5|lTlGlW U[ZCFHZ

$ lGIFDSzL4 VFZMuI VG[ TALAL ;[JFVMGF 5|lTlGlW v 0MP S[P S[P XFC U[ZCFHZ

5 l5|P 0MP zLDTL AFG]A[G VFZP WSF6 CFHZ

& l5|P 0MP I7[XEF. V[DP HMQFL CFHZ

* 5|FP zLDTL JQFF"A[G 5LP KL\KLIF U[ZCFHZ

( 0MP 5|TF5l;\C V[,P RF{CF6 CFHZ

) zL G[C,EF. ;LP X]S, CFHZ

!_ 0MP lJHIS]DFZ S[P 58[, CFHZ

!! 0MP lUZLXEF. ;LP ELDF6L CFHZ

!Z zL DC[XEF. ALP RF{CF6 CFHZ

!# zL D[C],EF. 5LP ~5F6L CFHZ

!$ 0MP EZTEF. ALP ZFDFG]H CFHZ

!5 0MP lGN¿EF. 5LP AFZM8 CFHZ

!P

l;lg0S[8

l;lg0S[8GL TFP)v!!vZ__) GL DLGL8Ÿ; D \H}Z SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ l;lg0S[8GL TFP)v!!v_)GL ;EFGL SFI"JFCL

GM\W D\H}Z SZJFDF\ VFJL VG[ DFGP S],5lTzLV[ T[GF 5Z ;CL SZLP

ZP

l;lg0S[8

l;lg0S[8GL TFP)v!!vZ__) GL ;EFDF\ YI[, 9ZFJM VG[ SFIF",I[ ,LW[, 5U,FGF

VC[JF,GL GM\W ,[JF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ l;lg0S[8GL TFP )v!!v_)GL ;EFDF \ YI[,

9ZFJM VG[ SFIF",I[ ,LW[, 5U,FGF VC[JF,GL GM \W ,[JLP

sGM\W ovSFIF",I[ ,LW[, 5U,FGM VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 v ! TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

#P

l;lg0S[8

TFP!#v!ZvZ__) GF ZMH D/[, ;[G[8 sBF;f ;EFDF ;eIzLVM TZOYL 5}KJFDF

VFJ[, 5|`GM q 5|:TFJM RSF;JF ;eIzLVMGL lGI]lST T[DH :8[rI]8 ZH] SZJF ;eIzLGL

lGI]lST SIF"GF DFPS],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

sGM\W ov GLR[ D]HAGF ;eIzLVMGL lGI]lST SZL CTLP

5|`GMTZL SDL8LGF ;eIzLVM

!f 0MPEZTEF. ZFDFG]H

Zf zL DC[XEF. RF{CF6

#f 0MPULZLXEF. ELDF6L

4

:8[rI]8

!f 0MPlJHIEF. S[P58[,

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JLP

$P

l;lg0S[8

VFUFDL DFR"vZ_!_ DF\ D/GFZ ;[G[8 sJFlQF"Sf ;EFGL TFZLB Z(v#vZ_!_ GSSL

SIF"GF DFGPS],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP


5P

DC[SDvV

I]lGJl;"8L VMl0"Gg; !)) TYF I]PÒP;LP Z[uI],[XG D]HA I]lGJl;"8LGF\ lAhG[X

D[G[HD[g8 VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ ,[SRZZGL BF,L HuIF ;LWL EZTLYL EZJF DF8[ GLR[

NXF"J[, lJUT[ D/[, JZ6L ;lDTLGL E,FD6M 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

S|D EJGG\]\ GFD lGD6]\SGL

HuIF

S[8[UZL JZ6L ;lDTLGL

TFZLB

!P lAhG[X D[G[HD[g8 ,[SRZZ V[;P.PALP;LP _!v_!vc!_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ALhG[X D[G[HD[g8 VG]:GFTS EJGGL

,[SRZZGL HuIF5Z zL DI]Z DC[gN=EF. 5ZDFZG[ ~FP !5&__v #)!__GF 5UFZ

WMZ6DF\ DFl;S D]/ 5UFZ ~FP !5&__qv U[|0 5[ ~FP&___qvYL T[VM CFHZ YIF

TFZLBYL ! JQF"GF VHDFIXL ;DI DF8[ lGD6\}S VF5JLP

sGM\W ovJZ6L ;lDTLGL E,FD6M ;EF ;DI[ JF \RL ;\E/FJJFDF\ VFJ[,Pf

&P

DC[SDvV

I]lGJl;"8L VMl0"Gg; !)) TYF I]PÒP;LP Z[uI],[XG D]HA S[ZLIZ V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD

C[9/ I]lGJl;"8LGF\ GLR[ NXF"J[, EJGMDF\ V[;Ml;I[8 5|MO[;Z DF\YL 5|MO[;Z TZLS[ VG[

VFl;:8g8 5|MO[;Z DF\YL V[;Ml;V[8 5|MO[;Z TZLS[ TYF VFl;:8g8 5|MO[;ZGF\ l;,[SXG

U|[0DF\ A-TL VF5JF V\U[GL JZ6L ;lDTLGL E,FD6M 5ZtJ[ lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

S|D EJGG\]\ GFD A-TLGL HuIF pD[NJFZG]\ GFD JZ6L ;lDTLGL

TFZLB

!P S[D[:8=L 5|MO[;Z 0MP lX5|F AF,]HF #!v!Zvc_)

ZP S[D[:8=L 5|MO[;Z 0MP V[RP V[;P HMXL #!v!Zvc_)

#P .,[S8=MlGS; 5|MO[;Z 0MPV[RPV[GP 5\0IF #!v!Zvc_)

$P lOlhS; 5|MO[;Z 0MPV[RP5LP HMXL #!v!Zvc_)

5P Ul6TXF:+ 5|MO[;Z 0MP V[;P S[P J{n #!v!Zvc_)

&P VF\S0FXF:+ 5|MO[;Z 0MP ÒP;LP ELDF6L #!v!Zvc_)

*P DGMlJ7FG 5|MO[;Z 0MP ÒP VFZP HMXL #!v!Zvc_)

(P .lTCF; 5|MO[;Z 0MP 5LP H[P ZFJ, #!v!Zvc_)

)P ;\:S'T 5|MO[;Z 0MP V[DP S[P DM,LIF #!v!Zvc_)

!_P U]HZFTL V[;M;LI[8

5|MO[;Z

0MP 0LP 5LP 58[, _!v_!vc!_

!!P U|\YF,I VG[

DFlCTL lJ7FG

EJG

VFl;:8g8

5|MO[;Z

l;,[SXG U|[0

DL;P S[P 8LP 8F\S _!v_!vc!_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VMl0"Gg; v!)) C[9/ ZRFI[,L S[ZLIZ

V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD C[9/GL JZ6L ;lDlTGL TFP #!v!Zv_) VG[ !v!vZ_!_

GL E,FD6M :JLSFZJL VG[ T[ V\U[GL VFG]QFF\\lUS SFI"JFCL SZJLP

VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ S|D G\P! YL )DF\ I]PHLP;LPGL E,FD6

D]HA SFI"JFCL SZJLP

s!f lOhLS; VG]:GFTS EJGD\F V[;F[;LV[8 5|[FO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF

0[FPV[RP5LP HMXL G[ S[ZLVZ V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD C[9/ ~FP !&4$__v$5_v

Z_4)__ v5__vZZ4$__ GF 5UFZ W[FZ6D\F TFP *v)vZ__& YL

5|[FO[;ZGF C[FN'F 5Z A-TLYL lGD6}\S VF5JLP

sZf Ul6TXF:+ VG]:GFTS EJGD\F V[;F[;LV[8 5|[FO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF

0[FPV[;PS[P J{nG[ S[ZLVZ V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD C[9/ ~FP !&4$__v$5_v

Z_4)__ v5__vZZ4$__ GF 5UFZ W[FZ6D\F TFP!v&vZ__(YL


5

s#f VF\S0FXF:+ VG]:GFTS EJGD\F V[;F[;LV[8 5|[FO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF

0[FPÒP;LP ELDF6LG[ S[ZLVZ V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD C[9/ ~FP!&4$__v$5_v

Z_4)__ v5__vZZ4$__ GF 5UFZ W[FZ6D\F TFPZ5v$vZ__)YL


s$f DGMlJ7FG VG]:GFTS EJGD\F V[;F[;LV[8 5|[FO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF

0[FP ÒP VFZP HMXL G[ S[ZLVZ V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD C[9/ ~FP !&4$__v

$5_vZ_4)__ v5__vZZ4$__ GF 5UFZ W[FZ6D\F TFPZ)v!

vZ__) YL 5|[FO[;ZGF C[FN'F 5Z A-TLYL lGD6}\S VF5JLP

s5f .lTCF; VG]:GFTS EJGD\F V[;F[;LV[8 5|[FO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF

0[FP5LPH[P ZFJ,G[ S[ZLVZ V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD C[9/ ~FP !&4$__v$5_v

Z_4)__ v5__vZZ4$__ GF 5UFZ W[FZ6D\F TFP*v#vZ__) YL


s&f ;\:S'T VG]:GFTS EJGD\F V[;F[;LV[8 5|[FO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF

0[FPV[DPS[P DM,LIFG[ S[ZLVZ V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD C[9/ ~FP

!&4$__v$5_v Z_4)__ v5__vZZ4$__ GF 5UFZ W[FZ6D\F

TFPZZv5vZ__)YL 5|[FO[;ZGF C[FN'F 5Z A-TLYL lGD6}\S VF5JLP

s*f U]HZFTL VG]:GFTS EJGD\F VFl;:8g8 5|[FO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF 0[FP

0LP5LP58[,G[ S[ZLVZ V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD C[9/ ~FP !Z4___v $Z_v

!(4#__ GF 5UFZ W[FZ6D\F TFP!#v!ZvZ__) YL V[;M;LI[8 5|[FO[;ZGF

C[FN'F 5Z A-TLYL lGD6}\S VF5JLP

s(f U|\YF,I VG[ DFlCTL lJ7FG VG]:GFTS EJGD\F VFl;:8g8 5|[FO[;Z TZLS[

OZH AHFJTF S]P S[P8LP8F\SG[ S[ZLVZ V[0JFg;D[g8 :SLD C[9/

TFP!v5vZ__#YL ~FP!Z4___v $Z_v !(4#__ GF 5UFZ W[FZ6D\F

l;,[SXG :S[,DF\ D}SJF P

sGM\W ovJZ6L ;lDTLGL E,FD6M ;EF ;DI[ JF \RL ;\E/FJJFDF\ VFJ[,Pf

*P

DC[SDvV

;[MZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LGF\ AFIM;FIg; VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ 5|MO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJL

TFP#!v!_vc_) GF\ ZMH[ lGJ'T YI[, 0MP V[PV[GP5F\0[IG[ ZFHI ;ZSFZzL VG[

I]PÒP;LPGF\ 9ZFJM D]HA lGJ'TL AFN SZFZ VFWFZLT 5|MO[;ZGL HuIF 5Z cc,F:8 5[

DF.G; 5[gXGcc GF\ l;wWF\T D]HA lGD6]\S VF%IFGF\ DFGP S],5lTzLGF\ SFI"G[ ACF,L

VF5JF V\U[P

sGM\W ov AFIM;FIg; VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ 5|MO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ VG[

TFP#!v!_vc_) GF\ ZMH lGJ'T YI[, 0MP V[PV[GP5F\0[IG[ ZFHI ;ZSFZzL VG[

I]PÒP;LP GF\ 9ZFJMGL HF[UJF. D]HA AFIM;FIg; EJGDF\ 0MP JLP;LP;MGL 5|MO[;ZGL

JI lGJ'lTGF\ SFZ6[ TFP!$v_&vc_( YL BF,L 50[, 5|MO[;ZGL HuIF 5Z &5 JQF"GL

p\DZ sTFP!$v_*vc!Zf ;]WL VYJF ;NZ HuIF 5Z lGIlDT lGD6]\S G YFI tIF\ ;]WL

VYJF I]lGJl;"8L wJFZF ;DL1FF VFWFZLT K}8F SZJF V\U[GM lG6"I SZJFDF\ G VFJ[ tIF\

;]WL T[ +6DF\YL H[ JC[,]\ CMI tIF\ ;]WL SZFZ VFWFZLT cc,F:8 5[ DF.G; 5[gXGcc GF\

l;wWF\T D]HA 5]Go lGD6]\S SIF" V\U[GF\ DFGP S],5lTzLGF\ SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JFGL ZC[

K[Pf


(P

DC[SDvV

;[MZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LGF\ lX1F6XF:+ VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ 5|MO[;Z TZLS[ OZH

AHFJL TFP#!v!_vc_) GF\ ZMH[ lGJ'T YI[, 0MP V[RPVMPHF[XLG[ ZFHI ;ZSFZzL

VG[ I]PÒP;LPGF\ 9ZFJM D]HA lGJ'TL AFN SZFZ VFWFZLT 5|MO[;ZGL HuIF 5Z cc,F:8 5[

DF.G; 5[gXGcc GF\ l;wWF\T D]HA lGD6]\S VF%IFGF\ DFGP S],5lTzLGF\ SFI"G[ ACF,L

VF5JF V\U[P

sGM\W ov lX1F6XF:+ VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ 5|MO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ VG[

TFP#!v!_vc_) GF\ ZMH lGJ'T YI[, 0MP V[RPVMPHF[XLG[ ZFHI ;ZSFZzL VG[

I]PÒP;LP GF\ 9ZFJMGL HF[UJF. D]HA lX1F6XF:+ EJGDF\ 0MP 0LPV[PpRF84 5|MO[;ZGL

JI lGJ'lTGF\ SFZ6[ TFP#!v!_vc_& YL BF,L 50[, 5|MO[;ZGL HuIF 5Z &5 JQF"GL

p\DZ sTFP_(v!_vc!Zf ;]WL VYJF ;NZ HuIF 5Z lGIlDT lGD6]\S G YFI tIF\ ;]WL

VYJF I]lGJl;"8L wJFZF ;DL1FF VFWFZLT K}8F SZJF V\U[GM lG6"I SZJFDF\ G VFJ[ tIF\

;]WL T[ +6DF\YL H[ JC[,]\ CMI tIF\ ;]WL SZFZ VFWFZLT cc,F:8 5[ DF.G; 5[gXGcc GF\

l;wWF\T D]HA 5]Go lGD6]\S SIF" V\U[GF\ DFGP S],5lTzLGF\ SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JFGL ZC[

6

K[Pf


)P

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF VF\S0F lJEFUDF\ VF\S0F VlWSFZL TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ zLDlT

VFZTLAC[G ;\HLJEF. VMhFGM VHDFIXL ;DI TFP!5v_!vZ_!_GF ZMH 5}6" YTM

CM. TFP!&v_!vZ_!_YL VF\S0F VlWSFZLGL HuIFDF\ SFIDL SZJF lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

sGM\W oov

s!f zLDlT VFZTLAC[G ;\HLJEF. VMhFG[ V+[GF TFP!5v_!vc_)GF

G\PDC[SDqAqZq!(#)qc_)GF lGD6}\S5+YL VF\S0F VlWSFZL TZLS[

~FP&5__vZ__v!_5__GF 5UFZ WMZ6DF\ DFl;S ~FP&5__qv GF

D}/5UFZYL T[VM CFHZ YFI T[ TFZLBYL V[S JQF"GF VHDFIXL WMZ6[ lGD6}\S

5+DF\ NXF"J[, XZTM VG[ lJUTMV[ lGD6}\S VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

sZf zLDlT VFZTLAC[G ;\HLJEF. VMhF4 VF\S0F VlWSFZL TZLS[

TFP!&v_!vZ__)GF ZMH CFHZ YIF CTFP

s#f VF\S0F VlWSFZLGL RMbBL BF,L HuIF K[P JU"vZGL HuIF K[P

s$f BFGUL VC[JF, ;EF ;DI[ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJX[P

s5f U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF lX1F6 lJEFUGFTFPZvZvZ__(GF 9ZFJ S|DF\So;ZIv

v!#_5v#_*ZvBGF 9ZFJYL lAGvX{1Fl6S Z_ HuIFVM EZJF D\H}ZL

VF5JDF\ VFJ[, K[ T[DF\ VF\S0F VlWSFZLGL V[S HuIFGM ;DFJ[X YI[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ I]lGJl;"8LDF\ VF\S0F lJEFUDF\ VF\S0F VlWSFZL

TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ zLDTL VFZTLA[G ;\ÒJEF. VF[hFG[F VF\S0F VlWSFZLGL HuIF

5ZGF[ VHDFIXL ;DI TFP!5v!vZ_!_GF ZF[H 5}6" SZ[, CF[.

TFP!&v!vZ_!_YL VF\S0F VlWSFZGL HuIF 5Z SFIDL SZJFP

sGF[\Wov BFGUL VC[JF, ;EF ;DI[ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJ[,Pf

!_P

DC[SDvA

U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF GLR[ NXF"J[, 9ZFJYL T[DGF GFD ;FD[ NXF"J[,

TFZLBYL DM\WJFZL EyYF\GF NZDF\ JWFZM SZ[, K[ T[ ;ZSFZzLGF 9ZFJ D]HA DM\WJFZL

EyYF\GL ZSD I]lGJl;"8LGF SD"RFZLVMG[ R}SjIF V\U[GL HF6 YJF AFATP

S|D 9ZFJ G\AZ VG[ TFZLB DM\WJFZL EyYF\GM NZ VG[ TFZLB

!P 9ZFJ S|DF\So5LÒVFZq!__)q5[;[,q(M)4 TFPZ*q_Zqc_)GF 9ZFJYL

_!v_!vZ__& YL v

_!v_*vZ__& YL Z@

_!v_!vZ__* YL &@

_!v_*vZ__* YL )@

_!v_!vZ__( YL !Z@

_!v_*vZ__( YL !&@

ZP 9ZFJ S|DF\SoJ,Ev!_Z__)vÒVMVF.

v!_vR4 TFPZ!q_5qc_)

_!v_!vZ__) YL ZZ@

#P 9ZFJ S|DF\SoJ,Ev!_Z__)vÒVMVF.

v_#vR4 TFP_)q!_qZ__)

TFP_!v_*vZ__)YL Z*@

sGM\Wo

s!f

U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF lX1F6 lJEFUGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S;ZIq!Z_(q$!*_qB4

TFP!#q!_qc_)GF 9ZFJYL ;{FZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LGF lAGvX{1Fl6S SD"FZLVM DF8[

K9'F 5UFZ5\R D]HAGF 5UFZWMZ6M D\H}Z SZ[, K[P l;lg0S[8GL

TFP_)q!!qc_)GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\Sv!Z YL T[ D]HA VD, SZJF D\H}Z

SZ[, K[P

sZf l;lg0S[8GL TFPZ$q_#qc*(GL ;EFDF\ s9ZFJ G\Pv!4 5[8Fv!*fGL[R D]HA

9ZFJ[, K[P

cc ;ZSFZzL TZOYL HIFZ[ HIFZ[ DM\WJFZL EyYF\GF NZDF\ JWFZM SZJFGM 9ZFJ

I]lGJl;"8LDF\ VFJ[ S[ T]ZT H T[GM VD, SZJM VG[ l;lg0S[8GL HF6 DF8[

D]SJ]\Pcc

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST AFATGL GM\W ,[JLP

7

!!P

DC[SDvA

;ZSFZzLGF ;FDFgI JlCJ8 lJEFUGF TFP !*q!!qZ__)GF HFC[ZGFDF\ S|DF\S

U;vZ__)v#)vH;Zv!_Z__)v!_(#v3 YL ACFZ 5F0[, JQF"vZ_!_ GL HFC[Z

TYF DZHLIFT ZHFVM I]lGJl;"8LGF\ TDFD X{1Fl6S VG[ lAGvX{1Fl6S SD"RFZLVM TYF

I]lGJl;"8L ;\,uG SM,[HM VG[ DFgI ;\:YFGF SD"RFZLVM DF8[ ZHFVM[ HFC[Z SZJFGF\

S],5lTzLGF\ SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFAT[P


!ZP

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF p5S],5lTzLGF SFIF",IDF\ BF,L ZC[, 5|FIJ[8 ;[S|[8ZL HuIF 5Z U]HZFT

5F6L 5]ZJ9F VG[ U8Z jIJ:YF AM0"GL D]bI .HG[ZGL SR[ZL hMGv#GL SR[ZLGF

:8[GMU|FOZ U|[0vZ zL V[RPV[DPHMXLG[ 5|FIJ[8 ;[S|[8ZLGL HuIF 5Z V[S JQF" VYJF

AM0"G[ H~Z H6FI tIFZ[ VWJrR[YL ;[JF 5ZT ,[JFGL XZT[ VYJF I]lGJl;"8L wJFZF

5lZl:YlT HgI lG6"I ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ tIF\ ;]WL 5|lTlGI]lST 5ZGL lGD6}\S ,\AFjIF V\U[GF

DFGPS],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

sGM\W oov

s!f p5S],5lTzLGF SFIF",IGF 5|FIJ[8 ;[S|[8ZL zL H[PV[DPDFDTMZFGL 5ZL1FF

lGIFDS TZLS[ lGD6}\S YTF\ 5|FIJ[8 ;[S|[8ZLGL HuIF BF,L 50[, K[P

sZf V+[GF TFP_5q!_qc_*GF G\PDC[SDqAqZq*()qc_*GF 5+DF\ NXF"J[, XZTM

VG[ lGIDM T[DH U]HZFT 5F6L 5]ZJ9F VG[ U8Z jIJ:YF AM0"4UF\WLGUZGF

TFPZ*v_)vc_*GF SFPVFPS|DF\SoDC[SDvXFBFv!q.;Lv!q Z__*q&(_5q.

GF NPVFP G\PZ&DF\ NXF"J[, 5|lTlGI]lST V\U[GL XZTM VG[ AM,LVMG[ VFWLG

zL V[RPV[DPHMXLG[ A[ JQF" DF8[ VYJF I]lGJl;"8L wJFZF 5lZl:YlT HgI lG6"IM

,[JFDF\ T[ D]HA 5|lTlGI]lSTGF WMZ6[ :8[GMU|FOZvZ TZLS[ lGD6}\S SZJFDF\

VFJ[, CTL4 T[ lGD6}\SGL D]NT TFP!!q!_qc_)GF ZMH 5}6" YTF\ V+[GF

TFP_*q!_qc_)GF G\PDC[SDqAqZq!Z&#qc_)GF 5+YL U]HZFT 5F6L 5]ZJ9F

VG[ U8Z jIJ:YF AM0"G[ A[ JQF" DF8[ 5|lTlGI]lSTGL D]NT ,\AFJL VF5JF lJG\TL

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP

s#f D]bI JCLJ8L VlWSFZL4U]HZFT 5F6L 5]ZJ9F VG[ U8Z jIJ:YF AM0"4

UF\WLGUZGF TFP!$q!_qc_)GF G\PDC[SDqXFBFq!qZ__)q.;Lv!q*!!5GF

VFN[XYL zL HMXLG[ TFP!Zq!_qc_)GL VZ;YL JW] ! sV[Sf JQF" DF8[ VYJF zL

HMXLGL ;[JFVMGL AM0"G[ H~Z H6FI tIFZ[ VWJrR[YL 56 ;[JFVM 5ZT ,[JFGL

XZT[ D]NT ,\AFJL VF5JF D\H}ZL VF5[, K[P

s$f zL V[RPV[DPHMXLGL V+[GF TFP_&q!!qc_)GF G\PDC[SDqAqZq!#&!qc_)GF

C]SDYL TFP!Zq!_qc_)YL V[S JQF" VYJF U]HZFT 5F6L 5]ZJ9F VG[ U8Z

jIJ:YF AM0"G[ H~Z H6FI tIFZ[ VWJrR[YL ;[JFVM 5ZT ,[JFGL XZT[ VYJF

I]lGJl;"8L wJFZF 5lZl:YlT HgI lG6"I ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ T[ D]HA lGD6}\S ,\AFJL

VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[Pf


!#P

AF\WSFD

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L S[d5;DF\ VFJ[, D[,0L DFTFÒGF D\lNZGF 58F\U6DF\ KF5ZFG]\ 5FS]

AF\WSFD SZJF V\U[ ;Z5\RzL4 D]\HSF U|FD5\RFIT SR[ZLGF VFJ[, 5+ 5Z lJRFZ6F

SZJF AFATP

sGM\W ov p5ZMST :Y/ I]lGJl;"8L lJ:TFZDF\ VFJ[, K[ VF HuIFGL DF,LSL

I]lGJl;"8LGL K[ WFlD"S ,FU6L G N]EFI T[ C[T]YL VFJxISTF D]HA S\.56 SFDULZL

SZJFGL YFI TM T[ I]lGJl;"8L V[ H SZJFGL ZC[ VgI SM. jIlST4 ;\:YF S[ V[SD VFYL"S

;CIMU .rK[ TM T[ ;CIMU I]lGJl;"8L :JLSFZ[ VG[ jIJ:YF lGQ5G SZL XSFI 5Z\T] ;LW]

H SM. AF\WSFD lJSF; SFI" :Y/ 5Z SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM T[ plRTqIMuI G U6FIP

sGM\W ov ;Z5\RzL4 D]\HSF U|FD 5\RFIT4 ZFHSM8GF 5+GL GS, VF ;FY[

5lZlXQ8 v Z TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

p5I]"ST VF.8D V[Hg0FDF\YL ZN SZJLP

!$P VF I]lGJl;"8LGF VM0L"Gg;v!&! V[PV[P ccV[ShFDLG[XG 0L;L%,LGZL V[SXGvSlD8Lcc

8

,LU, DF\ ;]WFZM SZJF DF8[ l;lg0S[8 T[GL TFPZ_v_5v_) GL ;EFDF\ SZ[, 9ZFJ G\P#Z

VG];FZ SlD8LV[ SZ[, E,FD6M 5ZtJ[ lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

sGM\W ovs!f l;lg0S[8[ T[GL TFPZ_v_5v_) GL ;EFDF\ 9ZFJ G\P#Z YL H[ 9ZFJ

SZ[, T[ 5ZtJ[ DFGGLI S],5lTzLV[ GLR[ NXF"J[, ;eIzLVM GL V[S SlD8LGL ZRGF SZ[,

CTLP

s!f 0MPV[GPS[P.gN|FIG

sZf zL G[C,EF. X]S,

s#f 0MPULZLXEF. ELDF6L

s$f 0MPEZTEF. ZFDFG]H

s5f zL DGMHEF. VFZPp5FwIFI

VF SlD8L äFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, GJM ;]WFZM DF\ EDAC GL TDFD SFDULZL 5ZL1FF

lJEFU[ SZJFGL ZC[ T[D O.161-AA (1)(3)(i) DF\ H6FJ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ccV[ShFDLG[XG 0L;L%,LGZL V[SXGvSlD8Lcc

IYFJT ZFBJLP

sGF[\Wov SlD8L V[ VF5[, VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 v Z YL ;FD[, K[Pf

!5P

HM0F6

;[S|[8ZLzL4 zL V[RPV[DPXFC V[g0 V[DP5LP;\3JL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DCFJLZ

ALPV[0PSM,[HvW|F\UW|FGL JQF" Z__( GL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒDF\ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\

ALP;LPV[P GF VeIF;S=DG]\ GJ]\ HM0F6 DF\U[, VG[ T[ 5Z lGDJFDF\ VFJ[,

V[,PVF.P;LP GF VC[JF,DF\ HM0F6 VF5JF :5Q8 E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[, GlC CMJFYL

;\:YFG[ GJ]\ HM0F6 VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, GYLP

pST ;\HMUMDF\ ;\:YFV[ GJF HM0F6 DF8[ EZ[, HM0F6 OL ~FP$_4___qv

s~l5IF RF,L; CHFZf DF\YL V[,PVF.P;LP GM YI[, BR" TYF JCLJ8L BR"GL ZSD

~FP!_4___qv AFN SZL HM0F6 OL 5ZT SIF" V\U[GF DFGlGI S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[

ACF,L VF5JF AFATP


!&

DC[SDvV

;ZSFZzLGF\ lX1F6lJEFUGF\ TFP!!v!!vc_) GF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o V[GPÒP;LP

!!Z__)q#*#$qB YL U]HZFT ZFHIGL I]lGJl;"8LVMGF lX1FSMG[ I]PÒP;LP GL

E,FD6M D]HAGF 5UFZ WMZ6 D\H}Z SIF" V\U[GF 9ZFJGL VG[ lX1F6 lJEFUGF\

TFP_$v!Zvc_)GF\ 9ZFJ S|DF\S o V[GPÒP;LP !!Z__)q#*#$qB s5F8"OF.,f YL VF

;\NE"DF\ SZJFDF\ VFJ[, :5Q8LSZ6GL GM\W ,[JF AFAT TYF ;ZSFZzLGF\ 9ZFJM 5ZtJ[

SZJFGL YTL SFI"JFCL CFY WZJFGF\ DFGGLI S],5lTzLGF\ SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP


sGM\W ov ZFHI ;ZSFZzLGF\ lX1F6 lJEFU[ T[DGM TFP_&v!_vc_) GM 9ZFJ ZN

SZL TFP!!v!!vc_) GF 9ZFJ YL U]HZFT ZFHIGL I]lGJl;"8LVMGF lX1FSMG[ I]PÒP;LP

GL E,FD6M D]HA 5UFZ WMZ6 D\H}Z SZTF 9ZFJ ;FY[ HM0[, lJS<5 D]HA

TFP!!v!!vc_) YL +6 DF;GL V\NZ ,[lBTDF\ lJS<5 D[/JJFGM ZC[ K[P H[ D]HA

I]lGJl;"8L VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ OZH AHFJTF\ X{1Fl6S SD"RFZLVM 5F;[YL DC[SD lJEFU

äFZF T[DGF TFP_Zv!Zvc_) GF 5lZ5+ S|DF\S o DC[SDqVvZq*!#qc_) YL lJS<5

V\U[GM 5lZ5+ DFGGLI S],5lTzLGF\ VFN[XFG];FZ l;g0LS[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P ;ZSFZzLGF TFP_$v!Zvc_) GF\ :5Q8LSZ6 ;\NE"DF\ DC[SD

lJEFU äFZF T[DGF TFP!&v!Zvc_) GF 5lZ5+ S|DF\S DC[SDqVvZq*)5qc_) YL

DFGGLI S],5lTzLGF\ VFN[XFG];FZ l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ 5lZ5+ SZJFDF\

VFJ[, K[P H[G[ ACF,L VF5JFGL ZC[ K[P

l;g0LS[8GL TFP_)v!!vc_)GL ;EFDF\ 9ZFJ S|DF\S o & YL VF AFAT VFUFDL

9

l;g0LS[8 ;D1F D]SJF lG6"I YIM CTMPf


!*P

5ZL1FF

sSMgJMS[XGf

TFPZ$v)vZ__) GL l;lg0S[8GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ G\P# s9ZFJ ;FD[, K[Pf D]HA A[gS VMO

AZM0FG[ D[3FJL lJnFYL" 5]Z:SFZ

IMHGF V\U[ H6FJJFDF\ VFJ[, CT]\ A[gS VMO AZM0FV[ 5|tI]TZ~5[ H6FJ[, K[ S[ J0MNZF

D[3FJL lJnFYL" 5]Z:SFZ IMHGF 5|JT"DFG lGIDMG];FZ RF,JFJF/L IMHGF K[P T[D KTF\

A[gS äFZF Z5 JQF" S[ SM. VgI ;DI ;LDFG]\ VF`JF;G N[J]\ XSI GYL A[gSGL 5F;[ VF

IMHGFGL lGZ\TZ ;DL1FF SZJL TYF VFJxIS T[GL VJWLDF\ 5lZJT"G SZJFGF VlWSFZ

;]Z1FLT K[P T[D H6FJL JQF" Z__)vZ_!_ NZdIFG V[DPV[PslCgNLf DF\ ;JM"TD V\S

D[/JJF lJnFYL"qlJnFYL"GL G]\ GFD H6FJJF H6FJ[, K[P

A[gS VMO AZM0FGF 5+ D]HAGL lJUTMG[ wIFG[ ,. lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ TFPZ$v)vZ__) GL l;lg0S[8GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ

S|DF\S o # VgJI[ lJnFYL"VMG[ V[GFIT SZJFDF\ VFJTF 5]Z:SFZ T[DH UM<0 D[0,

;\NE[" JBTMJBT VFJTL NZBF:TM 5ZtJ[ :JLS'lT VF5JF4 XZTM lGIT SZJF TYF

lG6"I SZJF DFGPS],5lTzLG[ ;¿F VF5JLP

!(P

HM0F6

ALP;LPV[Pq5LPÒP0LP;LPV[PqALPALPV[P GF VeIF;S=DMDF\ lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J[X 5|lS|IF

cc;[g8=,F.hcc SZJF V\U[GL lJRFZ6F SZJF AFAT[P

sGM\W ov 0MPAFG]A[G WSF6 l5|g;L5F,zL V[DPH[PS]\0,LIF DlC,F SM,[H4 ZFHSM8

äFZF ALP;LPV[Pq5LPÒP0LP;LPV[PqALPALPV[P DF\ 5|J[XlJWL cc;[g8=,F.hcc SZJFGF

;\NE"DF\ 0LGzL slJ7FG lJnFXFBFf V[ 56 5|J[X 5|lS|IF DwI:Y 5|J[X ;lDlT äFZF SZJF

V\U[GM :5Q8 VlE5|FI VF5[, K[Pf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ X{1Fl6S JQF" Z_!_v!!GM 5|FZ \E Y. R}S[, CMI

VF AFAT[ CF, lJRFZ6F SZJFGL ZC[TL GYLP

!)P

l;lg0S[8

TFPZ(v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, ;[G[8 sJFlQF"Sf ;EFDF\ :8[rI]8ZL HMUJF. D]HA

V\NFH5+qJFlQF"S VC[JF, q :8[rI]8 ZH] SZJF T[DH 5|`GMTZL SDL8LGF ;eIzLVMGF GFD

GSSL SIF" V\U[GF DFGPS],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

sGM\W ov DFGPS],5lTzLV[ GLR[GF ;eIzLVMGL lGI]ST SZ[, K[P

s!f V\NFH5+ zL lJPS[P58[,

sZf JFlQF"S VC[JF, 0MPzLDlT AFG]A[G WSF6

s#f :8[rI]8 0MPlUZLXEF. ELDF6L

5|`GMTZL SDL8L

s!f 0MPEZTEF. ALPZFDFG]H

sZf zL DC[XEF. ALPRF{CF6

s#f 5|MP5LPV[,PRF{CF6


Z_P

HM0F6

zL V[DP5LPV[HI]S[XG 8=:84 ZFHSM8 ;\RFl,T lX5|F SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z V[g0

8[SGM,MÒ ZFHSM8 TZOYL lGR[GL lJUT[ SM,[HGF ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[ VFJ[, VZÒ 5Z

DFGPS],5lTzL äFZF lGDJFDF\ VFJ[,L :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF

AFAT TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VFJ[, VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

SM,[HG]\ H]G] ;ZGFD]\ SM,[HG]\ GJ]\ ;ZGFD]\

zL V[DP5LPV[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zL lX5|F SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0

8[SGM,MÒ ccUMJWGcc 5\RFIT GUZ A;

:8M5 5F;[4 I]lGJl;"8L ZM04 ZFHSM8

zL V[DP5LPV[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zL lX5|F SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0

8[SGM,MÒ cc S\RG E]JGcc !4 U]~N[J 5FS"

SMG"Z4 VDZGFY DCFN[J D\lNZ 5F;[4 ALU

10

AHFZ 5FK/4 !5_ O]8 ZL\U ZM04 ZFHSM8P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JL

TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, :JLSFZJM VG[ ,MS[XG R[.gHGL D \H}ZL VF5JLP

VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ,MS[XG R[.gH ;AAGL HF6 H[ T[

O[S<8LGF 0LGzLG[ SZJLP

sGM\W ov SlDl8GM VC[JF, 5lZlXQ8 v _# TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

Z!P

lC;FA

TFP)v!!vZ__) GF\ ZMH D/[, OF.GFg; ;lDlTGL SFI"JFCL GM\W D\H]Z SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ TFP)v!!vZ__) GF\ ZMH D/[, OF.GFg;

;lDlTGL SFI"JFCL GM\W D\H]Z SZJLP

sGM\W ov TFP)v!!vZ__) GF ZMH D/[, OF.GFg; ;lDlTGL SFI"JFCL GM \W

VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 v $ TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

ZZP

HM0F6

5|D]BzL4 ULZ lJSF; D\0/ v pGF TZOYL CF,GF 8=:8G]\ ;\RF,G 5|D]BzL4 zL NX"G

R[ZL8[A, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 v ZFHSM8G[ 8=:8 8] 8=:8 O[ZOFZ SZJF V\U[ l;lg0S[8GL

TFPZ_v5v_) GL ;EFGF SFDSFHv_) YL YI[, 9ZFJ VG];FZ R[ZL8L SlDxGZ V\TU"T

VFJTL AFATMGL 5}T"TF VY[" A\G[ 8=:8 TZOYL H~ZL ,[BLT AF\C[WZL D/[, CMI T[D H

;\:YFV[ T[GF TFP!Zv)v_) GF 5+YL ccI]lGJl;"8L äFZF H[ SF\. XZTM GSSL SZJFDF\

VFJX[ T[G]\ A\G[ 8=:8 äFZF 5F,G SZJFDF\ VFJX[Pcc T[D H6FJ[, CMJFYL ;\:YFG[ 8=:8 8]

8=:8 O[ZOFZ SZJF V\U[GL D\H}ZL l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ VF%IF V\U[GF DFGlGI

S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP


Z#P

5ZL1FFvZ

I]lGJl;"8L äFZF ,[JFDF\ VFJTL VM, .g0LIF .g:8=L8I]8 VMO ,MS, ;[<O UJ"GD[g8

C[9/GF SMQF" GL 5ZL1FF OLh TYF 5|Fl`GSq5ZL1FSMGF DC[GTF6F\GF NZM D[0LS, O[S<8L

C[9/GF NZM 5|DF6[ D\H}Z SIF"GF DFGlGI S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF V\U[P


Z$P

lC;FA

TFPZ#v!vZ_!_ GF\ ZMH D/[, OF.GFg; ;lDlTGL SFI"JFCL GM\W D\H]Z SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ TFPZ#v!vZ_!_ GF\ ZMH D/[, OF.GFg;

;lDlTGL SFI"JFCL GM\W D\H]Z SZJLP

sGM\W ov TFP!#v!vZ_!_ GF\ ZMH D/[, OF.GFg; ;lDlTGL SFI"JFCL GM \W

VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 v _5 TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

Z5P

DC[SDvA

lGJ'T lC;FAGLX zL V[PV[;PNMXLGF S[;DF\ l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8DF\YL DNNGLX

lC;FAGLX VG[ DNNGLX lC;FAGLXGL HuIF 5ZYL GFIA lC;FAGLXGL HuIF V5U|[0

SZL A-TL VF5[, T[ 5ZtJ[ prR lX1F6 SlDxGZzLV[ T[DGF TFPZ!v(v_) GF 5+ S|DF\S

o SJ8qI]lGqZ__)qZ__Zq_$ YL HuIF V5U|[0[XGGL D\H}ZL VF5[, GYL4 T[ AFAT[ GM\W

,. lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

sGM\W ov s!f zL NMXLG[ GLR[GL lJUT[ HuIFG[ V5U|[0 SZL A-TL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[,

CTLP

DNNGLX lC;FAGLX TFP!5v_Zv(_ YL

TFP_(v_Zvc)_

l;lGIZ S,FS"GL HuIFG[ DNNGLX

lC;FAGLXGL HuIFDF\ V5U|[0 SZLG[

GFIA lC;FAGLX TFP!!v!Zvc*5 YL

TFP#!v_5vc)&

DNNGLX lC;FAGLXGL HuIFG[

GFIA lC;FAGLXGL HuIFDF\ V5U|[0

SZLG[P

sZf p5I]"ST AFAT[ ;ZSFZzLG[ D\H}ZL V\U[ JBTMJBT NZBF:T SZJFDF\ VFJ[,

CTLP

s#f prR lX1F6 SlDxGZzL4 UF\WLGUZ äFZF ;ZSFZzLGF\ lX1F6 lJEFUGF\ 5+

G\P;ZIv!#_)qZ&_ZqB4 TFPZ!v_(vc_) GM ;\NE" NXF"JL l;lg0S[8G[

A-TL sV5U|[0[XGf VF5JFGL ;TF G CMJF KTF\ D\H}ZL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[ VG[

11

;ZSFZzLGL D\H}ZL D[/J[, G CMJFYL VF V[S VlGIlDTTF K[4 H[YL VF AFAT[

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8V[ BR" VG[ VFG]QFF\lUS HJFANFZL EMUJFGL ZC[ K[

T[D NXF"JL p5I]"ST HuIF V5U|[0[XGGL D\H]ZL VF5[, GYLP

s$f HuIFG]\ V5U|[0[XG DFgI G ZC[TF H[ T[ ;DIGF A-TL q EZTLGF lGIDM wIFG[

,. V;ZSTF" ;\A\lWT SD"RFZLVMG[ 5`RFTJTL" V;ZYL ZLJh"G VF5JFG]\ ZC[

TYF 5]Go5UFZ AF\W6L SZL4 J;],FT SZJFGL ZC[P

v J;],FT SZJF5F+ TDFD SD"RFZLVM JI lGJ'T Y. UI[, K[4 TYF lGJ'lTGF

TDFD ,FEM R}SJL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

s5f GFDNFZ U]HZFT CF.SM8"DF\ zL NMXLV[ SZ[, :5[P V[%,LS[XG G\P!_$!5q Z__(

CF, 5[g0L\U K[4 H[YL ;NZ AFAT ;A HI]0LX K[Pf

VFYL 9ZFJJDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST AFAT ;AHI]0L; CMI GFPU]HZFT

CF.SM8"GF VFBZL R}SFNF AFN T[ D]HA SFI"JFCL SZJLP

sGF[\Wov lX1F6 lJEFUGF\ 5+ G\P;ZIv!#_)qZ&_ZqB4 TFPZ!v_(vc_) GM 5+

5lZlXQ8 cc&cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[f

Z&P

DC[SDvV

Z;FI6XF:+ VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ 5|MO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF 0MPV[PS[PXFC[

HFgI]VFZLvZ_!_ NZdIFG GLR[GL lJUT[ EMUJ[, 0I]8L,LJ D\H}Z SZJF AFATP

TFP$v!vc!_

TFP5v!vc!_

TFP&v!vc!_

TFPZ5v!vc!_

TFPZ*v!vc!_

sGM\W ov VMl0"Gg; !))GL HMUJF. VG];FZ VG]:GFTS EJGMGF\

VwIF5SzLVMG[ JFlQF"S #_ lNJ;GL DIF"NFDF\ 0I]8L,LJ D/JF 5F+ K[4 H[ D\H}Z SZJFGL

;¿F DFGGLI S],5lTzLG[ K[P 0MPXFC[ #_ lNJ; SZTF p5I]"ST lJUT[ JWFZ[ lNJ;v_5

GL HFgI]VFZL Z_!_ DF\ ZHF EMUJ[, K[P H[GL D\H}ZL V\U[ lJRFZ6F SZJFGL ZC[ K[Pf

VFYL 9ZFJJDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ Z;FI6XF:+ VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ 5|MO[;Z TZLS[

OZH AHFJTF 0MPV[PS[PXFCGL p5I]"ST 0I]8L ,LJ D\H}Z SZJLP

Z*P

DC[SDvA

U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF TFP!5q!qZ_!_ GF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o

5LÒVFZq!__)q!&v5[ ;[, sV[Df GF 9ZFJYL #__ lNJ;GL 5|F%T ZHFDF\ 38TL CMI

T[8,L VW"5UFZL ZHFG]\ ZMS0DF\ R}SJJFGL YI[, HMUJF.GM VD, SIF" V\U[GL GM\W

,[JF AFATP

sGM\W ov

s!f ;ZSFZzLGF TFP!5q!qZ_!_ GF 9ZFJGL GM\WGF S|D ! DF\ NXF"JL (i) YL (viii)

VG[ (c)DF\ NXF"J[, lJUT[ lGJ'TL ;DI[ #__ lNJ; GL 5|F%T ZHFDF\\ 38TL CMI

T[8,L VW"5UFZL ZHF ZMS0DF\ R}SJJF HMUJF. YI[, K[P VF HMUJF.GM VD,

TFP!5q!qZ_!_ YL SZJFGM YFI K[P

sZf ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o 5LÒVFZq!_)(qZ_qV[D

TFP!)qZq)( GF 9ZFJYL GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUTMV[ JW]DF\ JW] #__ lNJ;G]\ 5|F%T

ZHF ZMS0DF\ R}SJJF HMUJF. YI[, K[P (b) The existing ceiling of 240 days for availing of the benefit of

encaslument of unutilised earned leave at the credit of

Government Servant provided under Government Resolution,

Finance Department No.PCR-1086-4-M, dated 1st January, 1987

shall be increased to 300 days in respect of the following

categories :- (i) Retirement on attaining the age of superannuation (ii) Case where the service of a Government Servant has been

extended, in the interest of public service beyond the date of

retirement on superannuation. (iii) Voluntary retirement (iv) pre-mature retirement

12

(v) Where the service of a Government Servant are terminated by

notice or by payment of pay and allowances in lieu of notice, or

otherwise in allordance with the terms and conditions of his

appointment. (vi) In the case of death of Government Servant while in service,to

the family of the deceased. (vii) In the case of leave preparators to retirement (viii) On absorption of a Gevernment servant in the state public Sector

undertaking/autonomous body wholly or substantially owned or

controlled by the central/State Government. (c) Government Servant who resigns or quits service shall be entitled to

cash equivalent in respect of Earned Leave at credit on the date of

cessation of service to the extent of half of such leave at his credit

subjcet to a maximum of 150 days.

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF

TFP!5q!qZ_!_ GF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o 5LÒVFZq!__)q!&v5[ ;[, sV[Df GF 9ZFJYL

#__ lNJ;GL 5|F%T ZHFDF\ 38TL CMI T[8,L VW"5UFZL ZHFG] \ ZMS0DF\ R}SJJFGL

YI[, HMUJF.GM VD, SIF" V\U[GL GM\W ,[JL P

Z(P

DC[SDvA

U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o J,Ev!_Z__(vÒVMVF.v# vR

TFP!#q!_qZ__) GF 9ZFJ YL H[ VlWSFZLqSD"RFZLVMG[[ U]HZFT ZFHI ;[JF s5UFZ

;]WFZ6Ff lGIDMvZ__) VG];FZGF 5UFZ WMZ6M ,FU] 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, GYL VG[

U]HZFT ZFHI ;[JF s5UFZ ;]WFZ6Ff lGIDMv!))( C[9/GF 5UFZ WMZ6MDF\ 5UFZ

D[/J[ K[P T[JF SD"RFZLVMGF DM\3JFZL EyYF\GF 5|JT"DFG NZMDF\ TFP!q*qZ__( VG[

!q!qZ__) YL JWFZM SZ[, K[ T[ ;ZSFZzLGF 9ZFJ D]HA VD, SIF"GL HF6 YJF AFATP

sGM\W ov

s!f l;lg0S[8GL TFP Z$q#q*( GL ;EFDF\ s9ZFJ G\P! 5[8Fv!*f GLR[ D]HA K[P

cc;ZSFZzL TZOYL HIFZ[ HIFZ[ DM\3JFZL EyYF\GF NZDF\ JWFZM SZJFGM 9ZFJ

I]lGJl;"8LDF\ VFJ[ S[ T]ZTH T[GM VD, SZJM VG[ l;lg0S[8GL HF6 DF8[ D]SJ]\Pcc

sZf ;NZC] 9ZFJDF\ TFP!q*qZ__( YL D}/5UFZ +DM\3JFZL 5UFZGF 5$ 8SFf

s#f ;NZC] 9ZFJDF\ TFP!q!qZ__) YL D}/5UFZ +DM\3JFZL 5UFZGF &$ 8SFf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o

J,Ev!_Z__(vÒVMVF.v# vR TFP!#q!_qZ__) GF 9ZFJ YL H[

VlWSFZLqSD"RFZLVMG[[ U]HZFT ZFHI ;[JF s5UFZ ;]WFZ6Ff lGIDMvZ__)

VG];FZGF 5UFZ WMZ6M ,FU] 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, GYL VG[ U]HZFT ZFHI ;[JF s5UFZ

;]WFZ6Ff lGIDMv!))( C[9/GF 5UFZ WMZ6MDF \ 5UFZ D[/J[ K[P T[JF SD"RFZLVMGF

DM\3JFZL EyYF\GF 5|JT"DFG NZMDF\ TFP!q*qZ__( VG[ !q!qZ__) YL JWFZM SZ[, K[

T[ ;ZSFZzLGF 9ZFJ D]HA VD, SIF"GL GM \W ,[JLP

Z)

DC[SDvA

U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o J,Ev!_Z__)vÒVMVF.v$v R

TFP5q!qZ_!_ GF 9ZFJ YL ;ZSFZzLGF SD"RFZLVMG[ U]HZFT ZFHI ;[JF s5UFZ

;]WFZ6Ff lGIDMvZ__) VG];FZGF 5UFZ WMZ6M ,FU] 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, GYL VG[

U]HZFT ZFHI ;[JF s5UFZ ;]WFZ6Ff lGIDMv!))( C[9/GF 5UFZ WMZ6MDF\ 5UFZ

D[/J[ K[P T[JF SD"RFZLVMGF DM\3JFZL EyYF\ 5|JT"DFG NZDF\ TFP!q*qZ__) YL JWFZM

SZ[, K[ T[ ;ZSFZzLGF 9ZFJ D]HA VD, SIF"GL HF6 YJF AFATP

sGM\W ov




sZf ;NZC] 9ZFJDF\ TFP!q*qZ__) YL D}/5UFZ +DM\3JFZL 5UFZGF *# 8SFf

VFYL 9ZFJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o

J,Ev!_Z__)vÒVMVF.v$v R TFP5q!qZ_!_ GF 9ZFJ YL ;ZSFZzLGF

SD"RFZLVMG[ U]HZFT ZFHI ;[JF s5UFZ ;]WFZ6Ff lGIDMvZ__) VG];FZGF 5UFZ

13

WMZ6M ,FU] 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, GYL VG[ U]HZFT ZFHI ;[JF s5UFZ ;]WFZ6Ff

lGIDMv!))( C[9/GF 5UFZ WMZ6MDF\ 5UFZ D[/J[ K[P T[JF SD"RFZLVMGF DM\3JFZL

EyYF\ 5|JT"DFG NZDF\ TFP!q*qZ__) YL JWFZM SZ[, K[ T[ ;ZSFZzLGF 9ZFJ D]HA

VD, SIF"GL GM\W ,[JLP

#_

lC;FA

;BFJT

I]lGJl;"8LG[ GLR[GL lJUT[ H]NF H]NF C[T] DF8[ H]NL H]NL 5F8L"VM 5F;[YL D/[, NFG

DFGGLI S],5lTzLV[ l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LV[ :JLSFZ[, K[P DFGGLI S],5lTzLGF NFG

:JLSFIF"GF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

S=D 5F8L"G]\ GFD ZSD ~FP C[T]

! D[PAFG ,[a; v ZFHSM8 ~FP5!_4__qv E-News GF

5|SFXG DF8[

Z D[PlS|QGF ;FIg8LOLS 8=[0;" vZFHSM8 ~FP!_4___qv AFIM S[D[:8=LGF

G[XG, ,[J,

;[DLGFZ DF8[

# D[PVMXLJFZF ,[g0 0[J,5D[g8 S]FP v

5|FP,LP D]\A.

~FP!_4__4___qv JLP;LP SMgOZg;

DF8[

$ D[PVMXLJFZF ,[g0 0[J,5D[g8 S]FP

5|FP,LP v D]\A.

~FPZ54__4___qv JLP;LP SMgOZg;

DF8[


#!

DC[SDvV

VMl0"Gg; !(& v V[ D]HA ZRFI[,L I]lGJl;"8LGF\ X{1Fl6S SD"RFZLVMGL HM.g8

Sg;<8[8LJ SlD8LDF\ A[ l;lg0S[8 ;eIzLVMG[ GMDLG[8 SZJF AFAT lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

sGM\W ov VMl0"Gg; !(& v V[ GL HMUJF. D]HA I]lGJl;"8LGF\ X{1Fl6S

SD"RFZLVMGL HM.g8 Sg;<8[8LJ SlD8LDF\ l;lg0S[8 äFZF GMDLG[8 A[ ;eIzLVMG[ V[S JQF"

DF8[ SFI" SZJFGL HMUJF. K[P CF,DF\ SlD8LDF\ l;lg0S[8 ;eIzL TZLS[

0MPALPALPZFDFG]H VG[ 0MPlJHIEF. 58[,GL lGI]lST YI[, K[Pf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST AFAT[ GMDLG[XG SZJF DFGPS],5lTzLG[

;¿F VF5JLP

#ZP

DC[SDvA

l;g0LS[8GL TFP)q!!qZ__)GL ;EFGL SFDSFH IFNL S|DF\S !# 5ZtJ[ YI[, 9ZFJDF\

;]WFZM SZJF T[DH ;ZSFZzLGF JUL"SZ6 VG[ EZTLGF lGID G\ !!. VG[ Ò

TFP!_q(q)# D]HA lGIT VG]EJDF\ !q# K]8KF8 D}SL lJEFULI VlWSFZLGL HuIF 5Z

A-TL VF%IF V\U[GF S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

sGM\W ov

s!f l;g0LS[8GL TFP _)q!!qc_) GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH IFNL S|DF\S !# GLR[ D]HA CTLP

cc I]lGJl;"8LGF lAGvX{1Fl6S SD"RFZL DF8[ TFP_!q_!qc)_ YL VD,DF\ ZC[,

EZTLqA-TLGF lGIDFM 5ZtJ[ lJEFULI VlWSFZLGL HuIF A-TLYL EZJF DF8[

ÒP;LPV[;PVFZP GF JUL"SZ6 VG[ EZTLGF lGID !! > VG[ Ò

TFP!_q_(qc)# D]HA lGIT VG]EJDF\ !q# 8SF K]8KF8 D}SL lJEFULI

VlWSFZLGL HuIF A-TLYL EZJF DF8[ lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATcc

sZf VF AFAT[ 9ZFJ GLR[ D]HA YI[, K[P

cc VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ lJEFULI VlWSFZL VG[ T[GL ;DS1F BF,L HuIFVM

S[ H[ A-TLYL EZJFGL YFI K[4 T[GL OL0Z S[0ZGL HuIF 5ZGF CF,GF 5F\R JQF"GF

VG]EJG[ AN,[ A[ JQF"GM VG]EJ WZFJTF SD"rFFZLVMGL ,[lBT 5ZL1FF

,.4JZ6L ;lDlT wJFZF VF\TlZS 5;\NULYL A-TL VF5JF SFI"JFCL SZJLPVF

HMUJF. CF, OST V[S JQF" DF8[ H VD,DF\ ZFBJLPcc

s#f SFDSFH IFNLGL AFATG[ wIFG[ ,[TF\ ;ZSFZzLGF JUL"SZ6 VG[ EZTLGF lGIDM

!! . VG[ Ò GF TFP!_q_#qc)( D]HA lGIT VG]EJDF\ !q# 8SF K]8KF8

14

AFAT[ lJRFZ6F SZJFGL YTL CTL4 T[ HMTF 9ZFJDF\ lJ;\UTTF ZC[ K[P

s$f ;ZSFZzLGF JUL"SZ6 VG[ EZTLGF lGID !! Ò VG[ . D]HA H]lGIZ

;]l5|g8[g0g8GL HuIF 5ZGL 5F\R JQF"GL VG]EJGL ,FISFTDF\ !q# 8SF K]8KF8

D}SL S]PV[RPH[P SFDNFZG[ lJEFULI VlWSFZL TZLS[ A-TL VF5[, CTLP

s5f :8FO XM8["H TYF OL0Z S[0ZDF\ 5]ZTF VG]EJL :8FOGL XM8["HGL l:YlTDF\ lJEFULI

VlWSFZLGL BF,L HuIF EZJL HFC[ZlCTDF\ VFJxIS K[P


##P

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF H]NFH]NF lJEFUDF\ lJEFULI VlWSFZL TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ GLR[ NXF"J[,

SD"RFZLVMG[ T[DGF GFD ;FD[ SM,Dv5DF\ NXF"J[, TFZLBYL SM,Dv&GL lJUT[

lJEFULI VlWSFZLGL HuIFDF\ SFIDL SZJF lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

S=D GFD CMN'M HM0FIF

TFZLB

SFIDL

SZJFGL

TFZLB

H[ HuIF ;FD[

SFIDL SZJFGF

YFI K[ T[ HuIFGL

lJUT

! Z # $ 5 &

! S]PH[P0LP9FSZ lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

Z$v_&v_5 Z$v_&v_& zL JLPV[RP HMXL

S],;lRJGL HuIFDF\

SFIDL YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

Z zL H[PJLPpNF6L lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

!)v!Zv_5 !)v!Zv_& zL S[PALPHM8\ULIF

lGJ'T YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

# S]PH[PVMPDF6[S lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

_!v_*v_& _!v_*v_* zLDlT ALPALP

T[HF6L lGJ'T YTF\

BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

$ zL S[PV[RP8F\S lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

_!v_*v_& _!v_*v_* zL 0LPV[DPWSF6

lGJ'T YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

5 zL

V[;PÒPHF0[HF

lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

_!v_*v_& _!v_*v_* zL H[P5LP JF\NZLIF

lGJ'T YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

& zL JLP5LPZF9M0 lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

!)v_&v_( !)v_&v_) zL H[PV[GP5]ZMlCT

lGJ'T YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

* zL DFWJL JLP

S0JFTZ

lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

!)v_&v_( !)v_&v_) zL VFZPV[;P

J;FJ0F lGJ'T YTF\

BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

( zLDlT H[P;LP

ZFJ,

lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

!)v_&v_( !)v_&v_) zL HLPV[RPS\hFZLIF

lGJ'T YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

) zLDlT V[P5LP

JFU0LIF

lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

Z_v_&v_( Z_v_&v_) zL H[P8LPVFXZ

lGJ'T YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

!_ zLDlT VFZP0LP

E8'

lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

_#v_*v_( _#v_*v_) zLDlT JLPH[P9FSZ

lGJ'T YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

!! zL JFIPVFZP

SM8S

lJEFULI

VlWSFZL

!Zv_)v_( !Zv_)v_) zL V[;PALP5M58

lGJ'T YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

sGM\W ov

s!f S|Dv! YL !! DF\ NXF"J[, SD"RFZLVMG[ C\UFDL WMZ6[ lJEFULI VlWSFZL TZLS[

A-TL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

sZf ;ZSFZzLGF TFP!#v!_vZ__)GF 9ZFJDF\ lJEFULI VlWSFZLGL !# HuIF

D\H}Z ZC[, K[4 T[DF\ !Z HuIF RMbBL BF,L K[P

15

s#f p5ZMST S|D ! YL !! SD"RFZLVM 5{SLGF S|Dv$ YL !! GF SD"RFZLVMG[ zL

S[PV[RP8F\SGF GFDNFZ U]HZFT CF.SM8" :5[P;LJL, V[%,LS[XG G\P#_&5q_(GF

V\lTD R}SFNFG[ VFlWG SFIDL SZJFGF ZC[P

s$f BFGUL VC[JF, ;EF ;DI[ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJX[Pf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ I]lGJl;"8LGF H]NF H]NF lJEFUDF\ lJEFULI

VlWSFZL TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ p5Z NXF"J[, SD"RFZLVMG[ T[DGF GFD ;FD[ SM,Dv5DF \

NXF"J[, TFZLBYL lJEFULI VlWSFZLGL HuIF 5Z SFIDL SZJFP

sGM\W o BFGUL VC[JF, ;EF ;DI[ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJ[,Pf

#$P

AF\WSFD

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LGL V[:8[8 SlDl8GL TFPZ#v!vZ_!_ G[ XlGJFZGF ZMH A5MZGF

!v#_ S,FS[ D/[, DL8L\UGL SFI"JFCLGL GM\W D\H]Z SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ TFPZ#v!vZ_!_ GFZMH D/[, V[:8[8 SlDl8GL

SFI"JFCLGL GM\W D\H}Z SZJLP

sGM\W ovSFI"JFCLGL GM\W 5lZlXQ8 v cc _* cc TZLS[ VF ;FY[ ;FD[, K[Pf

#5P

5ZL1FFvZ

5ZL1FF ;\RF,G v VFIMHG ;A\W[ lJRFZ6F SZJF l;lg0S[8 lGI]ST SDL8LGL

TFP*v!v!_ GL ;EF äFZF YI[, E,FD6 l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ D\H}Z SIF"GF

DFGPS],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF V\U[P


sGM\W ov5ZL1FF ;\RF,G v VFIMHG ;A\W[ lJRFZ6F SZJF l;lg0S[8 lGI]ST SDL8L äFZF

T[DGL TFP*v!v!_ GL ;EFDF\ YI[, E,FD6GL SFI";]lR VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 v cc

_( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

#&P

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF 5LPHLPlJEFUDF\ lJEFULI VlWSFZL TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\

zL S[PV[RP8F\SG[ GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8GL HuIF 5Z SFIDL SIF" V\U[GL

GM\W ,[JF AFATP


TFZLB

SFIDL

SZJFGL

TFZLB

H[ HuIF ;FD[ SFIDL

SZJFGF YFI K[ T[

HuIFGL lJUT

! Z # $ 5 &

! zL S[PV[RP8F\S l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

_)q_)qc)* _)q_)qc)( zL ALPV[DPDC[TF

S[XLIZGL HuIFDF\

SFIDL YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

sGM\W ov

s!f zL S[PV[RP8F\SG[ V+[GF TFP_)q_)qc)*GF G\PDC[SDqAqZq!()5qc)*GF C]SDYL

l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8 TZLS[ D]SJFDF\ VFJ[, CTFPf

sZf l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8GL T[ TFZLB[ RMbBL BF,L HuIF K[P

s#f l;lg0S[8GL TFP_5q_&qc)(GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ G\P$ DF\ DFGPS],5lTzLG[ JU"v#

VG[ JU"v$GF SD"RFZLG[ SFIDL SZJF ;TF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[ T[ VG];FZ

zL S[PV[RP8F\SG[ l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8GL HuIF 5Z SFIDL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ I]lGJl;"8LGF 5LPHLPlJEFUDF\ lJEFULI VlWSFZL

TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ zL S[PV[RP8F\SG[ p5Z NXF"J[, lJUT[ l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8GL

HuIF 5Z SFIDL SIF" V\U[GL GM\W ,[JLP

#*P

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF ;FDFgI lJEFUDF\ O|[gSL\U DXLG VM5Z[8Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\

zL V[DPÒP;ZJ{IFG[ GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ O|[gSL\U DXLG VM5Z[8ZGL HuIF 5Z SFIDL

SIF" V\U[GL GM\W ,[JF AFATP


TFZLB

SFIDL

SZJFGL

TFZLB

H[ HuIF ;FD[ SFIDL

SZJFGF YFI K[ T[

HuIFGL lJUT

! Z # $ 5 &

16

! zL

V[DPÒP

;ZJ{IF

O|[gSL\\U

DXLG

VM5Z[8Z

Z!q_(qc_( Z!q_(qc_) zL V[GPV[,P T,F8LIF

O|[gSL\\U DXLG

VM5Z[8ZGL HuIFDF\

lGJ'T YTF\ BF,L 50[,

HuIF ;FD[

sGM\W ov

s!f zL V[DPÒP;ZJ{IFG[ V+[GF TFPZ)q_(qZ__(GF G\PDC[SDqZq(**qc_(GF

C]SDYL O|[gSL\U DXLG VM5Z[8ZGL HuIF 5Z A-TL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP T[

5ZtJ[ T[VM TFPZ!q_(qZ__(GF ZMH CFHZ YIF CTFP

sZf O|[gSL\U DXLG VM5Z[8ZGL HuIF RMbBL BF,L K[P



zL V[DPÒP;ZJ{IFG[ O|[gSL\U DXLG VM5Z[8ZGL HuIF 5Z SFIDL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,

K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ I]lGJl;"8LGF ;FDFgI lJEFUDF\ O|[gSL\U DXLG

VM5Z[8Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ zL V[DPÒP;ZJ{IFG[ p5Z NXF"J[, lJUT[ O|[gSL \U DXLG

VM5Z[8ZGL HuIF 5Z SFIDL SIF" V\U[GL GM\W ,[JLP

#(P

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF 5LPHLPlJEFUDF\ lJEFULI VlWSFZL TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\

zL S[PV[RP8F\SG[ GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL HuIF 5Z SFIDL SIF" V\U[GL

GM\W ,[JF AFATP


TFZLB

SFIDL

SZJFGL

TFZLB

H[ HuIF ;FD[

SFIDL SZJFGF

YFI K[ T[ HuIFGL

lJUT

! Z # $ 5 &

! zL S[PV[RP8F\S H]lGIZ

;]l5|g8[g0g8

_5q_*qc_! _5q_*qc_Z zLDlT JLPH[P

9FSZ lJEFULI

VlWSFZLGL

HuIFDF\ SFIDL

YTF\ BF,L 50[,

HuIF ;FD[

sGM\W ov

s!f zL S[PV[RP8F\SG[ V+[GF TFP_5q_*qZ__)GF G\PDC[SDqAqZq&*!qZ__)GF

C]SDYL H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8 TZLS[ 5]Go:YFl5T SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

sZf H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL HuIF T[ TFZLB[ RMbBL BF,L K[P



zL S[PV[RP8F\SG[ l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8GL HuIF 5Z SFIDL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[Pf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ I]lGJl;"8LGF 5LPHLPlJEFUDF\ lJEFULI VlWSFZL

TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ zL S[PV[RP8F\SG[ p5Z NXF"J[, lJUT[ H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL

HuIF 5Z SFIDL SIF" V\U[GL GM\W ,[JLP

#)P

DC[SDvV

I]lGJl;"8LGF\ V\U|[Ò VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ 5|MO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF 0MPVJW[XS]DFZ

l;\3GL U]HZFT ZFHIGL TDFD I]lGJl;"8LVMGF\ V[S[0[lDS .lG;LV[8Ljh .gS,]0L\U

RM.h A[.h S|[l08 l;:8D sCBCSf GF\ SgJLGZ TZLS[ A[ JQF" DF8[ prR lX1F6

SlDxGZzLGL SR[ZL4 UF\WLGUZGF SFIF",I VFN[X S|DF\S o CHE/KCG/10/2043-50

TFPZ&v_Zv!_ YL lGD6}\S YI[, K[P H[ 5ZtJ[ 5|MO[;Z l;\3G[ TFP!&v_#v!_ YL

TFP!5v_#v!Z ;]WL GM,[H Sg;M8L"ID VMO U]HZFT sS[;LÒf GF TFAF C[9/ 0[%I]8[XG

5ZGL ;[JF 5ZG]\ ,LIG D\H}Z SIF"GF DFGPS],5lTzLGF\ SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

sGM\W ovI]lGJl;"8LGF\ V\U|[Ò VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ 5|MO[;Z TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF

17

0MPVJW[XS]DFZ l;\3GL U]HZFT ZFHIGL TDFD I]lGJl;"8LVMGF\ V[S[0[lDS .lG;LV[8Ljh

.gS,]0L\U RM.h A[.h S|[l08 l;:8D sCBCSf GF\ SgJLGZ TZLS[ A[ JQF" DF8[ lGD6}\S

YI[, K[P 0MPl;\3G[ ;NZ HuIF 5Z CFHZ YJF DF8[ T[VMGL V\U|[Ò VG]:GFTS EJGGL

5|MO[;ZGL HuIF 5ZYL TFP!5v_#vc!_ GF\ ZMH SFIF",I ;DI AFNYL OZH D]ST

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P


$_P

AF\WSFD

I]PÒP;LP !! DL IMHGF NZdIFG ,M EJGG[ OF/JJFDF\ VFJ[, lA<0L\U DF8[GL U|Fg8

~FP!54__4___qv CI]DG ZF.8 EJGGF\ AF\WSFD DF8[ OF/JJF V\U[P

sGM\W ov I]lGJl;"8L S[d5;DF\ !! DL IMHGF DF8[ lA<0L\UGF AF\WSFD DF8[ ,M

EJG äFZF SM. DFU6L SZJFDF\ VFJ[, GCMTL HIFZ[ CI]DGZF.8 0L5F8"D[g8 äFZF

lA<0L\U DF8[ ~FP#54__4___qv 5F\+L; ,FBGL DFU6L SZJFDF\ VFJ[, I]PÒP;LP äFZF

,M EJG DF8[ ~FP!54__4___qv 5\NZ ,FB lA<0L\UGF AF\WSFD DF8[ OF/JJFDF\ VFJ[,

K[ H[ D]N|6 NMQF CMI T[D H6FI K[P H[G[ wIFGDF\ ,[TF D\H]Z YI[, ~FP!54__4___qv

CI]DG ZF.8 EJG DF8[ p5IMU SZLV[P f

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ I]PÒP;LP !! DL IMHGF NZdIFG ,M EJGG[

OF/JJFDF\ VFJ[, lA<0L\U DF8[GL U|Fg8 ~FP!54__4___qv CI]DG ZF.8 EJGGF \

AF\WSFD DF8[ OF/JJLP

$!P

HM0F6

5|D]BzL4 ;JM"NI V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z

;FIg; v ZFHSM8G]\ ;\RF,G V[DPALPV[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 v ZFHSM8G[ 8=:8 8]

8=:8 O[ZOFZ ;M\5JF V\U[ lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;JM"NI V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

;JM"NI SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; v ZFHSM8G] \ ;\RF,G V[DPALPV[HI]S[XG V[g0

R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 v ZFHSM8G[ R[ZL8L SlD`GZzL V\TU"T VFJTL 5|lS|IFG[ VFlWG 8=:8 8]

8=:8 O[ZOFZ V\U[GL D\H}ZL VF5JLP

$ZP

DC[SDvA

VMl0"Gg;v!(& D]HA ZRFI[, lAG X{1Fl6S SD"RFZLVM DF8[GL HM.g8 Sg;,8[8LJ

SDL8LGL TFP!&vZvZ_!_GF\ ZMH D/[, ;EFDF\ YI[, E,FD6M l;g0LS[8GL ;EFDF\

D\H}Z SZJF V\U[ lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VMl0"Gg;v!(& D]HA ZRFI[, lAG X{1Fl6S

SD"RFZLVM DF8[GL HM.g8 Sg;,8[8LJ SDL8LGL TFP!&vZvZ_!_GF\ ZMH D/[,

;EFDF\ YI[, E,FD6M D\H}Z SZJLP

sGM\W ov TFP!&vZvZ_!_ GF\ ZMH D/[, H[P;LP;LP GL DLGL8; VF ;FY[

5lZlXQ8 v cc _) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

$#P

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF ,LU, lJEFUDF\ ,LU, V[0JF.hZ V[g0 Sg:<8g8 TZLS[ SMg8=FS8rI]V,

A[.h 5Z OZH AHFJTF\ zL GIG VFZPDC[TF ;FY[GF SMg8=FS8 5ZGL D]NT

TFP#!q_#qZ_!_GF ZMH 5}6" YTF\ T[ D]NTG[ TFP#!q!ZqZ_!_ ;]WL ,\AFjIF V\U[GF

DFGPS],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

sGM\W ov

s!f I]lGJl;"8LGF ,LU, lJEFUGF GFIA S],;lRJ OZH DMS]OL C[9/ CM. ,LU,

lJEFUGL DCtJGL SFDULZLG[ wIFG[ ,. TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZGF ;[, DF8[

BF; OZH 5ZGF VlWSFZLGL lGD6}\S SZJF l;lg0S[8GL TFPZv(v_*GL ;EFGF

9ZFJ G\P#5 YL DFGPS],5lTzLG[ ;TF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP

sZf 9ZFJ VgJI[ zL GIGEF. VFZP DC[TFGL ,LU, lJEFUGL GFIA S],;lRJGL

HuIF 5Z BF; OZH 5ZGF VlWSFZL (Officer on Special Duty) TZLS[

18

SMg8=FSrI]V, A[.h 5Z !! DF; DF8[ lGD6}\S VF5JFDF\ VFJ[,P

sG\PDC[SDqZq55*q_*4 TFP!!v(v_*GF C]SD YLf

s#f zL DC[TFGL ,LU, lJEFU TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL ;[[,GF ccBF; OZH 5ZGF

VlWSFZLcc G[ AN,[ cc,LU, V[0JF.hZ V[g0 Sg;<8g8cc TZLS[ l;lg0S[8GL

ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ lGD6}\S VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, TYF zL DC[TFG[ ;NZ SFDULZL 5[8[

GLR[GL lJUT[ DFl;S OL R}SJJF C]SD YI[,P

!f ,LU, lJEFU ov !_4___qv

Zf HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZ ;[,ov 54___qv

!54___qv

sV+[GF TFPZ5v!_v_* GF G\PDC[SDqAqZq)&5q_*GM C]SDf

sl;lg0S[8GL TFP!!v!v_(GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ G\P!! YL ACF,L D/[, K[Pf

s$f zL DC[TFGL cc,LU, V[0JF.hZ V[g0 Sg;<8g8cc TZLS[ SMg8=FS8 TZLS[GL D]NT

TFPZ_v*v_(GF ZMH 5}6" YTF\ T[ D]NTG[ TFPZ_v!v_) ;]WL

DFGPS],5lTzLVFN[XFG];FZ ,\AFJL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

sG\PDC[SDqAqZq&(*q_(4 TFP)v*v_(f

s5f zL DC[TFGL cc,LU, V[0JF.hZ V[g0 Sg;<8g8cc TZLS[ SMg8=FS8 TZLS[GL D]NT

TFP#!v!ZvZ_!_ ;]WL DFGPS],5lTzLGF VFN[XFG];FZ ,\AFJL VF5JFDF\

VFJ[, K[P sG\PDC[SDqAqZq!)*#qZ_!_4 TFP!5q_#qZ_!_GF C]SDYL f


$$P

DC[SDvA

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LGF 0L5F8"D[g8 VMO ALhG[; D[G[HD[g8GF 8F.5L:8 zL ALPV[DPXFC

OZH 5Z ;TT U[ZCFHZZC[TF4 U[ZCFHZLG[ SFZ6[ EJGGF SFI" jIJ:YFG[ V0R6 pEL

YI[, CTL VG[ SFDULZL BMZ\E[ 50L CTL4 VF 5|SFZ[ U\ELZ 5|SFZGL U[ZJT"6]\S VFRZL

CMJFGF 5|YDNlX"I 5]ZFJFVM CMI U]HZFT I]lGJl;"8L ;lJ";Lh 8=LaI]G,GL S,D v !$

TYF VMl0"Gg; v !($ C[9/ T[DGL ;FD[ lX:T E\UGF 5U,F\ ,[JFGM lG6"I p5l:YT

5lZl:YlTDF\ VlGJFI" H6FTF\ S],5lTzLV[ zL ALPV[DPXFCG[ OZH DMS]OL p5Z D]SIF K[

T[ V\U[GF S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP


$5P

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF H]NFH]NF lJEFUDF\ H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8 TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ GLR[ NXF"J[,

SD"RFZLVMG[ T[DGF GFD ;FD[ SM,Dv5DF\ NXF"J[, TFZLBYL SM,Dv& GL lJUT[ H]lGIZ

;]l5|g8[g0g8GL HuIFDF\ SFIDL SIF" V\U[GL GM\W YJF AFATP


TFZLB

SFIDL

SZJFGL

TFZLB

H[ HuIF ;FD[ SFIDL

SZJFGF YFI K[ T[

HuIFGL lJUT

! Z # $ 5 &

! zL JLPH[PZF9M0 H]lGP;]l5|P Z*q&q_5 Z*q&q_& zL H[PH[PZFJ,

lJPVlWSFZLDF\ SFIDL

YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

Z zL S[[PALPDF\S0 H]lGP;]l5|P Z(q&q_5 Z(q&q_& zL V[;PALP 5M58

lJEFULI VlWSFZLDF\

SFIDL YTF\ BF,L 50[,

HuIF ;FD[

# zL N1FFA[G ALP

JFW[,F

H]lGP;]l5|P 5q*q_5 5q*q_& zL VFZPS[PNJ[

lJPVlWSFZLDF\ SFIDL

YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

$ zLDlT V[;P;LP

;M,\SL

H]lGP;]l5|P *q!!q_5

*q!!q_& zL VF.PH[P ,BTZLIF


HuIF ;FD[

5 zL I]PH[PD],F6L H]lGP;]l5|P &q!Zq_5 &q!Zq_& zL VFZP0LPTgGF

19


HuIF ;FD[

& zL S[PVFZP

WFA,LIF

H]lGP;]l5|P Z!q&q_& Z!q&q_* zL VFZPV[;PDFG;FTF


HuIF ;FD[

* zL ALPS[PJ[U0JF H]lGP;]l5|P Z!q&q_& Z!q&q_* zL V[GPV[RPRFJ0FGL

BF,L 50[, HuIF ;FD[

( zL 0LP5LPZF6F H]lGP;]l5|P Z!q&q_& Z!q&q_* zL V[RP;LPHMXL


HuIF ;FD[

) S]P V[RPH[P

SFDNFZ

H]lGP;]l5|P Z!q&q_& Z!q&q_* S]PH[P0LP9FSZ

lJPVlWSFZLDF\ SFIDL

YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

!_ zL V[RPALP

ZFJ,

H]lGP;]l5|P !q*q_& !q*q_* zL V[DP5LPZFJ,


HuIF ;FD[

!! zLDlT ALPV[;P

XFC

H]lGP;]l5|P !q*q_& !q*q_* S]PV[RPV[DPVFCIF


HuIF ;FD[

!Z zL V[RPVFZP

E8'

H]lGP;]l5|P

_*q!!qc_& _*q!!c_

*

zL H[PJLPpNF6L

lJEFULI VlWSFZLGL

HuIFD\F SFIDL YTF\

BF,L 50[, HuIF ;FD[

sGM\W ov

s!f p5ZMST SD"RFZLVMG[ V+[GF H]NF H]NF C]SDYL H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8 TZLS[ A-TL

VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[ T[ 5ZtJ[ T[VM SM,Dv$DF\ NXF"J[, TFZLBGF ZMH CFHZ YIF

CTFP

sZf ;ZSFZzLGF TFP!#q!_qZ__)GF 9ZFJDF\ H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL !( HuIF D\H}Z

ZC[, K[ ´ _! HuIF HMA ZL;[%;GLX sH]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8f S],v!) HuIF D\H}Z

ZC[, K[ T[ 5{SL _& sKf HuIF 5Z SD"RFZLVM SFIDL YI[,F K[P H]lGIZ

;]l5|g8[g0g8GL RMbBL !# HuIF BF,L K[P

s#f l;lg0S[8GL TFP_5q_&qc)(GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ G\P$ YL DFGPS],5lTzLG[ JU""v#

VG[ JU"v$GF SD"RFZLVMG[ SFIDL SZJF ;TF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[ T[ VG];FZ

S|Dv! YL !ZGF SD"RFZLVMG[ H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL HuIFDF\ SFIDL SZFJFDF\

VFJ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ I]lGJl;"8LGF H]NFH]NF lJEFUDF\ H]lGIZ

;]l5|g8[g0g8 TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ p5Z NXF"J[, SD"RFZLVMG[ T[DGF GFD ;FD[

SM,Dv5DF\ NXF"J[, TFZLBYL SM,Dv& GL lJUT[ H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL HuIFDF \

SFIDL SIF" V\U[GL GM\W ,[JLP

$&P

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF H]NFH]NF lJEFUDF\ l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8 TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ GLR[ NXF"J[,

SD"RFZLVMG[ T[DGF GFD ;FD[ SM,Dv5DF\ NXF"J[, TFZLBYL SM,Dv&GL lJUT[ l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8GL HuIFDF\ SFIDL SIF" V\U[GL GM\W YJF AFATP


TFZLB

SFIDL

SZJFGL

TFZLB

H[ HuIF ;FD[ SFIDL

SZJFGF YFI K[ T[

HuIFGL lJUT

! Z # $ 5 &

! zL V[DPALP58[, l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

5q*qc_! _$q_*qc_$ zLDlT VFZP0LP E8'

VF\S0F DNNGLXDF\


HuIF ;FD[

Z zL N1FFA[G ALP

JFW[,F

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

5q*qc_! Z$q_)qc_$ zL JLP5LPZF9M0 H]lGP

;]l5|PDF\ SFIDL YTF\

BF,L 50[, HuIF ;FD[

# zL S[P5LPDSJF6F l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

5q*qc_! !5q_&qc_5

zL V[DPÒPD0LIF


HuiFF ;FD[

20

$ zL JLP5LPC[0Fp l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

(q)qc_! !5q_&qc_5 zL 5LPH[PZFJ, lGJ'T

YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

5 zL ALPS[PjIF; l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z5q*qc_Z Z(q_*qc_5 zL H[PH[PUHHZG]\

VJ;FG YTF\ BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

& zL JFIPALP

ZFJ,

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

!&q5qc_5 !&q_5qc_& zL 5LPV[;PHMQFL5]ZF


HuIF ;FD[

* zL 0LPV[DPGS]D l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

!&q5qc_5 !&q_5qc_&

S]P VFZPÒPA1FL lGJ'T

YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

( zL ;LPALP58[, l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

#!q5qc_5 _#q!Zqc_&

zL DFWJL JLPS0JFTZ

H]lGP;]l5|P DF\ SFIDL

YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

) S]P V[DPÒPA]R l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z$q&qc_5 Z$q_&qc_& zL V[;PALPE8'

H]lGP;]l5|PDF\ SFIDL

YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

!_ zL 0LPV[DP

5L90LIF

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z$q&qc_5 Z$q_&qc_& H[P;LPZFJ,


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

!! zL VFZPVF.P

E8'

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z$q&qc_5 Z$q_&qc_& zLDlT V[P5LPJFU0LIF


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

!Z zL V[RPV[GPE8' l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z5q&qc_5 Z5q_&qc_& zL JFIPVFZPSM8S

:8MZSL5ZDF\ SFIDL YTF\

BF,L 50[, HuIF ;FD[

!# zL H[PV[GP

DC[`JZL

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

5q*qc_5 _5q_*qc_& zL V[PVFZPX[9

DNNGLX lC;FAGLXDF\


HuIF ;FD[

!$ zL VFZPS[P

5FZ[B

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

(q*qc_5 _(q_*qc_& S]P V[PV[;PEM0LIF

DNNGLX lC;FAGLXDF\

SFIDL YTF\ BF,L50[,

HuIF ;FD[

!5 zL ÒPV[GP

;FSZLIF

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

*q!!qc_5 _*q!!qc_& zL H[P5LPDC[TF lGJ'T

YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

!& zL S[P0LPUM:JFDL l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

*q!!qc_5 _*q!!qc_& zL H[PH[PN[;F. lGJ'T

YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

!* zL 0LPH[PZFJ, l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z!q!!qc_5 Z!q!!qc_& zLDlT ÒPV[P;FIF6L


HuIF ;FD[

!( zLDlT V[RP0LP

NMXL

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

!#q!Zqc_5 !#q!Zqc_& zL JLPH[PZF9M0


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

!) zLDlT V[GP8LP

NJ[

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z!q&qc_& Z!q_&qc_* zL S[PALPDF\S0


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

Z_ zL H[P5LP

N]WZ[ÒIF

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z!q&qc_& Z!q_&qc_* zL N1FF ALPJFW[,F


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

Z! zL JLPJLP

VDL5ZF

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z!q&qc_& Z!q_&qc_* zLDlT V[;P;LP;M,\SL


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

ZZ S]PI]PV[DPRF{CF6 l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z!q&qc_& Z!q_&qc_* zL I]PH[PD],F6L


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

21

;FD[

Z# S]PV[DPV[GP

5\0IF

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z!q&qc_& Z!q_&qc_* zL V[RPV[GPE8'[

ZFÒGFD]\ VF5TF BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

Z$ zL V[;PS[P

p5FwIFI

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

!q*qc_&

_!q_*qc_* zL VFZPVF.PE8'


HuIF ;FD[

Z5 zL VFZPALP

A]\N[,F

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

!q*qc_&

_!q_*qc_* zL S[PVFZPWFA,LIF


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

Z& zL VFZP5LP58[, l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

!q*qc_&

_!q_*qc_* zL ALPS[PJ[U0JF


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

Z* zL S[PS[Pl+J[NL l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z_q*qc_&

Z_q_*qc_* zL 0LP5LPZF6F


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

Z( zL S[PÒP E8' l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

Z!q*qc_&

Z!q_*qc_* S]P V[RPH[PSFDNFZ


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

Z) zL V[;P5LP

N]WZ[ÒIF

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

*q!!qc_&

_*q!!qc_* zL V[PVFZPjIF;[

ZFHLGFD]\ VF5TF\BF,L

50[, HuIF ;FD[

#_ zL VFZP0LP

ZFJ,

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

*q!!qc_&

_*q!!qc_* zL V[RPALPZFJ,


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

#! zL 5LPV[RP

l+J[NL

l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8

*q!!qc_&

_*q!!qc_* zLDlT ALPV[;PXFC


YTF\ BF,L 50[, HuIF

;FD[

sGM\W ov

s!f S|Dv! YL #! DF\ NXF"J[, SD"RFZLVMG[ C\UFDL WMZ6[ l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8 TZLS[

A-TL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, CTL T[ 5ZtJ[ T[VM SM,Dv$ DF\ NXF"J[, TFZLBGF ZMH

CFHZ YIF CTFP

sZf l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8GL Z_@ SF5 5KLGL #( HuIF D\H}Z ZC[, K[ T[ 5{SL _& HuIF

5Z SD"RFZLVM SFIDL YI[,F K[P l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8GL #Z HuIF RMbBL BF,L

K[P

s#f l;lg0S[8GL TFP_5v_&vc)(GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ G\P$ YL JU"v# VG[ JU"v$GF

SD"RFZLVMG[ SFIDL SZJF DFGPS],5lTzLG[ ;¿F VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[ T[ VG];FZ

S|Dv! YL #! GF SD"RFZLVMG[ SFIDL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ I]lGJl;"8LGF H]NFH]NF lJEFUDF\ l;lGIZ

VF;L:8g8 TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ p5Z NXF"J[, SD"RFZLVMG[ T[DGF GFD ;FD[

SM,Dv5DF\ NXF"J[, TFZLBYL SM,Dv&GL lJUT[ l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8GL HuIFDF \

SFIDL SIF" V\U[GL GM\W ,[JLP

$*P

5LPÒP

AM0" VMO I]lGJl;"8L 8LRL\U TFP)vZvZ_!_ GL ;EF äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, E,FD6M

V\U[ lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ AM0" VMO I]lGJl;"8L 8LRL \UGL TFP)vZvZ_!_ GL

;EF äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, E,FD6M D\H}Z SZJLP

sGM\W ov AM0" VMO I]lGJl;"8L 8LRL\U TFP)vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGL SFI"JFCLGL

GM\W sDLGL8;f VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 v !_ TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

22

$(P

HM0F6

VM, .lg0IF .g:8L8I]8 VMO ,MS, ;[<O v UJ"GD[g8 v D]\A.G[ VlWlGIDGL S,D #&

D]HA GLR[GF RFZ VeIF;S=DMG]\ ! YL Z_ ;[g8ZMGL DFgITF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, T[DF\

VeIF;S=D NL9 VG[ ! YL Z_ ;[g8ZMDF\ $_ lJnFYL"VMG[ DFgI ZFbIF V\U[GF DFGlGI


VeIF;S=DGL lJUT

! 5M:8 U|[HI]V[8 l0%,MDF .G CM:5L8, V[0lDlG:8=[XG

Z l0%,MDF .G O]8 ;[O8L V[g0 CF.hLG

# l0%,MDF .G 5a,LS C[<Y ;lJ";Lh

$ 5M:8 ALPV[;;LP Gl;"\U SM;"


$)

HM0F6

zL V\W lJnFYL" E]JG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL N[JD6L VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H v lJ;FJNZ

TZOYL JFl6HI lJnFXFBFGM sJ{Pf SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; s;[POFPf GM VeIF;S=D

H}GvZ_!_ YL A\W SZJF V\U[ VFJ[, VZÒ 5Z VMl0"Gg;v!$$ sALf D]HA T5F;

DF8[ DFGlGI S],5lTzL äFZF lGDFI[, V[,PVF.P;LP G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFAT TYF

VFJ[, VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

sGM\W ov

! :YFPTP;lDlT TFP!_v!!vZ__) YL lGDJFDF\ VFJ[, T[GM VC[JF,

TFP_(q_#qZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

Z :YFPTP;lDlTV[ pST VeIF;S=D X{1Fl6S JQF" Z_!_v!! YL A\W SZJF E,FD6

SZ[, K[P


TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, :JLSFZJMP

sGM\W ov :YFPTP;lDlT GM VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 v !! TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

5_

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S $* YL SZ[, GLR[

D]HAGL E,FD6 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFRFI"zL ACFpNLG ;FIg; SM,[HvH]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z__)GL GLR[GL lJUT[ lJ7FG

lJnFXFBFGF GJF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS ;lDTLGF

VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZL GLR[GL lJUT[ GJ] HM0F6 VF5JF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TYF

l;g0LS[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ D]S[, GJF HM0F6GL XZTM T[DH :YFGLS

T5F; ;lDTLV[ D]S[, XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP !5v*vZ__) ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM GLR[ NXF"J[,

lJUT[ ;NZC] SM,[HG[ TFP !5v&v_) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[ GJ]

HM0F6 VF%IF V\U[GF DFGGLI S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF oov sGJ] HM0F6f

5|YD JQF" ALPV[;;LPOMZ[g;LS ;FIg;GF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGPS],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JLP


VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ pST ;\:YFGF GJF HM0F6 DF8[ ZFHI

;ZSFZzLG[ ;{wWF\lTS 5}J" D\H}ZL VF5JF E,FD6 SZJLP

5!

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S 5_ YL SZ[, GLR[


HM0F6GL lJUT oov

VFRFI"zL4 :JPzL D;ZLEF. VF,FEF. RF\0[ZF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL

JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF VF8"; SM,[Hv,MV[H TZOYL H]G Z__) YL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒDF\ TYF

:YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF,DF\ GLR[ D]HAG]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JFGL E,FD6

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, 5Z\T] XZTR]SYL NXF"JJFG]\ ZCL UI[, CMI GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6

VF5JF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lJGIG lJnFXFBF oov sRF,] HM0F6f

23

ALPV[P sUF{6f o ;\:S'T

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JPzL D;ZLEF. VF,FEF. RF\0[ZF

V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF VF8"; SM,[Hv,MV[H TZOYL VFJ[,

HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6

I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG

TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF

l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JPzL D;ZLEF. VF,FEF. RF \0[ZF

V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF VF8"; SM,[Hv,MV[H TZOYL

H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS

SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL

XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG p5I]"ST

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S JQF"

DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP

sGM\W ovp5I]"ST SM,[HGL HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GM :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM

VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

5Z

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S $( YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 V[RPV[g0 V[RPALPSM8S .g:8L8I]8 VMO ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G

Z__)GL GLR[GL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFGF GJF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF

T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZL GLR[GL lJUT[ GJ] HM0F6

VF5JF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TYF l;g0LS[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ D]S[, GJF

HM0F6GL XZTM T[DH :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLV[ D]S[, XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G

TFP!5v*vZ__) ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM GLR[ NXF"J[,lJUT[ ;NZC] SM,[HG[ TFP !5v&v_) YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[ GJ] HM0F6 VF%IF V\U[GF DFGGLI S],5lTzLGF

SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov


5|YD JQF" ALP;LPV[P VeIF;S=DM





5#

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S $) YL SZ[, GLR[


D[G[Ò\U 8=:8LzL4zL ;]D\U,D V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL VFG\N SM,[H VMO Gl;"\U4

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__)GL GLR[GL lJUT[ GJF HM0F6 VF5JF DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZL V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,

TYF l;g0LS[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ D]S[, GJF HM0F6GL XZTM T[DH

:YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLV[ D]S[, XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G SZ[ TM GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ ;NZC]

SM,[HG[ TFP !5v&v_) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[ GJ] HM0F6 VF%IF

V\U[GF DFGGLI S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

TALAL lJnFXFBF oov sGJ] HM0F6f

5|YD JQF" A[hLS ALPV[;;LPGl;"\UGF VeIF;S=DM




5$

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S 5! YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL 0LPS[PJLP VF8"; VG[ ;FIg; SM,[HvHFDGUZ TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL

lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFGF GJF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF

24

:YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZLGLR[GL lJUT[ GJ] HM0F6 VF5JF

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TYF l;lg0LS[8GL ACF,LGF V5[1FFV[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, GJF

HM0F6GL XZTM T[DH :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLV[ D]S[, XZTM p5ZF\T GLR[ NXF"J[, XZTMG]

VlGJFI"56[ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ ;NZC] SM,[HG[ TFP!5v&vZ__)

YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[ GJ] HM0F6 VF%IF V\U[GF DFGPS],5lTzLGF


HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF oov sGJ] HM0F6fs;[<O OF.GFg;f

5|YD JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=D

s!f SM,[H[ A[ lXO8DF\ JUM" R,FJL VeIF;S=D 5]ZM SZJFGM ZC[X[

sZf SM,[H[ A[ lXO8DF\ JUM" R,FJL VeIF;S=D 5]ZM SZJFGM ZC[X[

s#f :8FOGL TFtSF,LS EZTL SZJFGL ZC[X[P





55

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S 5Z YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL SDF6L ;FIg; VG[ 5|TF5ZFI VF8"; SM,[H VDZ[,L TZOYL H]GvZ__) YL

GLR[GL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFGF JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[

5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFG]\

HM0F6 VF5JF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TYF l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ I]lGJl;"8LV[

D}S[, JWFZFGF HM0F6GL XZTM T[DH :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLV[ D]S[, XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G

SZJFGL XZT[ GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ ;NZC] SM,[HG[ TFP!5v&vZ__) YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF%IF V\U[GF DFGPS],5lTzLGF


HM0F6GL lJUT oov

T'TLI JQF" ALPV[P sD]bIf o DFG;XF:+



5&

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S *! YL SZ[, GLR[


zL U]~ UMlJ\Nl;\W CM:5L8, ;\RF,LT ;ZSFZL Gl;"\U SM,[Hv HFDGUZ TZOYL H]G

Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT JWFZFGFq GJF HM0F6 VF5JF DF8[ VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZL V[S[0[lDS

SFplg;, TYF l;g0LS[8 GL ACF,L GL V5[1FFV[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF VFN[XFG];FZ

I]lGJl;"8LV[ D]S[, JWFZFGF TYF GJF HM0F6 GL XZTM T[DH :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTL V[

D]S[, XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G SZ[ TM GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ ;NZC] SM,[HG[ TFP!5v&v_) YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[ JWFZFGF q GJF HM0F6 VF5JFZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[

E,FD6 SIF" V\U[GF S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

TALAL lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

läTLI JQF" A{hLS ALPV[;P;LPGl;"\UGF VeIF;S=DM


5|YD JQF" 5M:8 A{hLS ALPV[;P;LPGl;"\UGF VeIF;S=DM





5*

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S *Z YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 DFT]zL N]WLA[G Z6KM0EF. Ul-IF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL DFT' D\NLZ

SM,[H ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF TYF GJF HM0F6 VF5JF

25

DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F

SZL V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TYF l;g0LS[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ D]S[, JWFZFGF

TYF GJF HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ T[DH :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLV[ D]S[, XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G SZ[ TM

GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ ;NZC] SM,[HG[ TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP !$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\

V[S JQF" DF8[ JWFZFG]\ TYF GJ] HM0F6 VF%IF V\U[GF DFGlGI S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L

VF5JF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lJGIG lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALPV[;P0A<I]PGF VeIF;S=DM

D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG]\ HM0F6f

läTLI JQF ALPALPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM


5|YD JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM

5LPÒP0LP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM





5(

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !!Z YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL V[DP5LPJMZF SMD;"4 zLDTL S[PALPXFC

sJF0L lJCFZf ;FIg; V[g0 zL ALPJLPXFC ALPV[0PSM,[H4 J-JF6;L8L TZOYL H]G

Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS

T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF oov sRF,] HM0F6f

ALP;LPV[P5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

lX1F6 lJnFXFBF oov sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPV[0P5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL V[DP5LPJMZF

SMD;"4 zLDTL S[PALPXFC sJF0L lJCFZf ;FIg; V[g0 zL ALPJLPXFC ALPV[0PSM,[H4 J-

JF6;L8L TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG

lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM

TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

V[DP5LPJMZF SMD;"4 zLDTL S[PALPXFC sJF0L lJCFZf ;FIg; V[g0 zL ALPJLPXFC

ALPV[0PSM,[H4 J-JF6;L8L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[

RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL

VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L

XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[

TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!!

;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

5)

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !!_ YL SZ[, GLR[



ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f o U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 V\U[|Ò4 ;\:S'T4

UF{6 o DGMlJ7FG

26

JFl6HI lJnFXFBF oov sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf o V[SFpg8 V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g8

l0P;LPV[;P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJ`J EFZTL DFGJ lJSF; ;\W ;\RFl,T zL

V[DPH[PUMZLIF VF8";4 SMD;" VG[ ALPALPV[PSM,[H4 HFDB\EF,LIF TZOYL VFJ[,

HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF JFl6HI

lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL

XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJ`J EFZTL DFGJ lJSF; ;\W

;\RFl,T zL V[DPH[PUMZLIF VF8";4 SMD;" VG[ ALPALPV[PSM,[H4 HFDB\EF,LIF

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[,

HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFP

Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL

lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF

ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&_

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_) YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL VMD V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL VMD SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8

TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF

T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=D



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL VMD V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL VMD SM,[H

VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL

lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM

TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6

VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL VMD V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

VMD SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL

lJUT[ JWFZFGF TYF RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[,

E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[

ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ TYF RF,] HM0F6

TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[

E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&!

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_( YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL ,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L S[/J6L D\0/ ZFHSM8 :JPV[DP H[P S]\0,LIF VF8"; VG[

SMD;" SM,[H4 ZFQ8=LI XF/F4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[

VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

27

AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov


ALP;LPV[P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L S[/J6L D\0/

ZFHSM8 :JPV[DP H[P S]\0,LIF VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 ZFQ8=LI XF/F4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6

I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G

TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S

JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L S[/J6L D \0/

ZFHSM8 :JPV[DP H[P S] \0,LIF VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 ZFQ8=LI XF/F4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS


XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\

l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&Z

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_* YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zLDTL XF\TFA[G ÒJZFHEF. JZDMZF ALPALPV[PqALP;LPV[PDlC,F SM,[H4

J-JF6;L8L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] qJWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,

HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG]\ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM



D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALPALPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zLDTL XF\TFA[G ÒJZFHEF. JZDMZF

ALPALPV[PqALP;LPV[PDlC,F SM,[H4 J-JF6;L8L TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] TYF D[G[HD[g8

lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL

XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6

SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zLDTL XF\TFA[G ÒJZFHEF. JZDMZF

ALPALPV[PqALP;LPV[PDlC,F SM,[H4 J-JF6;L8L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,

HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF TYF RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z

H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF

YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ TYF RF,] HM0F6

TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[

E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&#

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_& YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,TzL ,[pJF 58[, 8=:8

ALPALPV[P SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,

28


HM0F6GL lJUT oov

D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF oov sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPALPV[P5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,TzL ,[pJF 58[, 8=:8 ALPALPV[P SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ

5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[

TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A,

8=:8 ;\RFl,TzL ,[pJF 58[, 8=:8 ALPALPV[P SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z



YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&$

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_5 YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 SM8[`JZ WFlD"S ;[JF 8=:8 ;]Z[gN=GUZ zL ÒP ALP5ZDFZ SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z

;FIg; V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q JWFZFGF

HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov







VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 SM8[`JZ WFlD"S ;[JF 8=:8 ;]Z[gN=GUZ zL ÒP

ALP5ZDFZ SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] TYF

D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,

HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6

SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 SM8[`JZ WFlD"S ;[JF 8=:8 ;]Z[gN=GUZ zL

ÒP ALP5ZDFZ SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF TYF RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[




lJUT[ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF"



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&5

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_$ YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 DFT]zL 0LPVFZPU-LIF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL DFT'D\NLZ SM,[H4 ZFHSM8



HM0F6GL lJUT oov

29


ALPV[;P0A<I] 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM




lälTI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=D



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 DFT]zL 0LPVFZPU-LIF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL DFT'D\NLZ SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]4 D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\

JWFZFG]\ TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[

D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6

SZJLP


;\RFl,T zL DFT'D\NLZ SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL

lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[,


;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[

ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_

YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&&

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_# YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 :JFDL GFZFI6 ;DFH ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T :JFDL GFZFI6 OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4

GFW[0L sHFDGUZf TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

TALAL lJnFXFBF oov sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPOLhLIMY[ZF5L GF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JFDLGFZFI6 ;DFH ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

:JFDL GFZFI6 OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 GFW[0L sHFDGUZf TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ

5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JFDLGFZFI6 ;DFH ;[JF 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

:JFDL GFZFI6 OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 GFW[0L sHFDGUZf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[,



ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc Z_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&* V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_Z YL SZ[, GLR[

30

HM0F6 D]HAGL E,FD6 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFRFI"zL4 U]HZFT :8[8 5KFT JU" lJSF; D\0/ ;\RFl,T 0MP ;]EFQF SM,[H VMO

V[HI]S[XG s;[<O OFIGFg;f4 H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 U]HZFT :8[8 5KFT JU" lJSF; D\0/ ;\RFl,T

0MP;]EFQF SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG s;[<O OFIGFg;f4 H]GFU- TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ

5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 U]HZFT :8[8 5KFT JU" lJSF; D \0/

;\RFl,T 0MP;]EFQF SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG s;[<O OFIGFg;f4 H}GFU- TZOYL



XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGG 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[

VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc Z! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&(

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_! YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 ;F{ZFQ8= V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DlC,F VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 H]GFU-

TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] VG[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ

TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lJGIG lJnFXFBF sSFIDL HM0F6f

ALPV[P sD]bI q UF{6f o U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 DGMlJ7FG4 ;DFHXF:+

UF{6 o ;\:S'T4 VY"XF:+

JFl6HI lJnFXFBF oov sSFIDL HM0F6f

ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf o V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g8

SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;


ALPV[P sD]bI q UF{6f o V\U[|Ò

sGM\W ov

s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ JQF" Z_!_ v!! GF JQF"GL RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[,

K[P

sZf ;\:YFV[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ SZ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;F{ZFQ8= V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DlC,F

VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 H]GFU- TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBF TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GlC VF5TF

RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G



VFYL JW]DF\ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;F{ZFQ8= V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T DlC,F

31

VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[

lJGIG lJnFXFBF TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFGL SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL

HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL


XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM

p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S

JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG] \ RF,] HM0F6

I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_

;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP

sGM\Wov p5I]"ST SM,[HGL HM0F6 VZÒ TYF 5ZtJ[GM :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF,

VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c ZZ c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

&)

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S $5 YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ,[pJF 58[, 8=:8

OFD";L SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT oov


ALPOFD";L GF VeIF;S=DM


8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ,[pJF 58[, 8=:8 OFD";L SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ

5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF




8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ,[pJF 58[, 8=:8 OFD";L SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z



;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6

TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[

E,FD6 SZJLP


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c Z# c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

*_

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S $$ YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, SgIF S[/J6L D\0/ HFDS\0MZ6F ;\RFl,T :JP G\N]A[G

C\;ZFHEF. ZFN0LIF VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 HFDS\0MZ6F TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL

lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF

VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov


ALPV[P sD]bIqUF{6f o U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 ;\:S'T4 V\U[|Ò

sUF{6f o DGMlJ7FG


ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf o V[SFpg8 V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

sGM\W ov

32

s!f ;\:YFV[ HM0F6 VZÒDF\ SM,D G\P$DF V\U|[Ò sD]bIqUF{6f lJQFI lJnFYL"GL ;\bIF

G D/TF X~ SZ[, G CMJFG] H6FJ[, K[P

sZf V[,PVF.P;LPV[ VC[JF,DF\ H]G Z__) V\U|[Ò lJQFI X~ SZJF 5|ItGXL,

K[PD\H]ZL DF8[ E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

s#f pST VF.8[D DF\ V\U|Ò lJQFI NXF"J[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, SgIF S[/J6L D\0/

HFDS\0MZ6F ;\RFl,T :JP G\N]A[G C\;ZFHEF. ZFN0LIF VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4

HFDS\0MZ6F TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG

lJnFXFBF TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, SgIF S[/J6L D \0/

HFDS\0MZ6F ;\RFl,T :JP G\N]A[G C\;ZFHEF. ZFN0LIF VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4

HFDS\0MZ6F TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ

5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL

SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG

p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S



VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c Z$ c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

*!

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S $# YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 WL ;MxI, J[<O[Z V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DlC,F VF8"; VG[

SMD;" SM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT oov


ALPV[PsD]bIf o DGMlJ7FG4 V\U[|Ò

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 WL ;MxI, J[<O[Z V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A,

8=:8 ;\RFl,T DlC,F VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 WL ;MxI, J[<O[Z V[HI]S[XG V[g0

R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DlC,F VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL



T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]

HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI

;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP

sGM\Wovp5I]"ST SM,[HGL HM0F6 VZÒ TYF 5ZtJ[GM :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF,

VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c Z5 c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

*Z

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S #! YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 CZL VMD ;NEFJGF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL V[PV[RPE}JF VF8"; VG[ zL

V[RPVFZPE}JF SMD;" SM,[H4 ZFH],F TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT RF,] HM0F6 DF8[


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUTov


ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f o U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 ;\:S'T

UF{6 o VY"XF:+4 DGMlJ7FG

33

JFl6HI lJnFXFBF oov sRF,]HM0F6f


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 CZL VMD ;NEFJGF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

V[PV[RPE}JF VF8"; VG[ zL V[RPVFZPE}JF SMD;" SM,[H4 ZFH],F TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6


TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[

E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 CZL VMD ;NEFJGF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

V[PV[RPE}JF VF8"; VG[ zL V[RPVFZPE}JF SMD;" SM,[H4 ZFH],F TZOYL H}GvZ__)

YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z


T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]



sGM\Wovp5I]"ST SM,[HGL HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GM :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF,

VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c Z& c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

*#

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S #_ YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL XFDÒEF. CZÒEF. T/FJLIF R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO

V[gÒlGIZL\U V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[

JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF


HM0F6GL lJUTov

8[SGM,MÒ ;lCTGL .HG[ZL lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

RT]Y" JQF" ALP.P o .,[S8=MGLS; V[g0 SMdI]lGS[XG

SMd%I]8Z V[gÒlGIZL\U

.gOMD["XG 8[SGM,MÒ

DLS[lGS, V[gÒlGIZL\U

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL XFDÒEF. CZÒEF. T/FJLIF

R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO V[gÒlGIZL\U V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 +\AF sZFHSM8f

TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ 8[SGM,MÒ TYF .HG[ZL


XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\

JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP


R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO V[gÒlGIZL\U V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 +\AF

sZFHSM8f TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL

VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[

GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[

VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c Z* c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

*$

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S Z) YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4zL V\HG[I OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T :JP H[PS[PZFD VF8"; V[g0 SMD;" SM,[H4

J[ZFJ/ TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF q RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


34

HM0F6GL lJUTov


ALPV[P sD]bIqUF{6f o V\U|Ò4 lCgNL4 DGMlJ7FG4 ;\:S'T4 VY"XF:+4

U]]HZFTL4;DFHXF:+


ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf o SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 V[SFpg8 V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g8


läTLI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM


5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P GF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V\HG[I OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T :JP

H[PS[PZFD VF8"; V[g0 SMD;" SM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBF TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF

lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[

D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_

;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V\HG[I OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T :JP

H[PS[PZFD VF8"; V[g0 SMD;" SM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[,

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z


T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF

JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF



VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c Z( c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

*5

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S Z( YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4zL XFDÒEF. CZÒEF. T/FJLIF R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RF,LT VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO

OFD";L4 S:T]ZAFWFD TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


HM0F6GL lJUTov

TALAL lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

RT]Y" JQF" ALPOFD"GF VeIF;S=DM


R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RF,LT VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO OFD";L4 S:T]ZAFWFD TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6


TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF



R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RF,LT VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO OFD";L4 S:T]ZAFWFD TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL

p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL

p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[



sGM\Wov p5I]"ST SM,[HGL HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GM :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM

VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c Z) c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

35

*&

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S Z& YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL H;]EF. 5FZL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T V[;PH[P9SSZ OFD";L SM,[H4 ZFHSM8

TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF

:YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUTov

TALAL lJnFXFBF sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPOFD";LGF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL H;]EF. 5FZL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

V[;PH[P9SSZ OFD";L SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[

D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_

;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL H;]EF. 5FZL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

V[;PH[P9SSZ OFD";L SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL

lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6

:JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[

D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c #_ c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

**

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S Z5 YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 SD"IMUL V[HI]S[XG hMG ZRGF 0[J,5D[g8 ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T lS=V[XG

ALPV[;P0A<I] SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUTov

lJGIG lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALPV[;P0A<I]GF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 SD"IMUL V[HI]S[XG hMG ZRGF 0[J,5D[g8

;[g8Z ;\RFl,T lS=V[XG ALPV[;P0A<I] SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF


TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 SD"IMUL V[HI]S[XG hMG ZRGF

0[J,5D[g8 ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T lS=V[XG ALPV[;P0A<I] SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ__)

YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL


:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[




VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c #! c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

SFDSFH S|DF\S *( VG[ !#_GL V[SL ;FY[ lJRFZ6F SZJFDF \ VFJLP

*(

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S *5 YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 ;ZSFZL OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 U]~ UMlJ\Nl;\C CM:5L8,4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H]G

36

Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ GJF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS


HM0F6GL lJUTov


5|YD JQF" ALPOLhLIMY[ZF5L GF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZSFZL OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 U]~

UMlJ\Nl;\C CM:5L8,4 HFDGUZ TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ GJ] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[

D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_

YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ GJ]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JLP




VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c #Z c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

*)

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S *$ YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 DFT'E]DL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RF,LT zLDTL VFZP0LPUFZ0L SM,[H VMO

V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM84 TZOYL H]G Z__* YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lX1F6 lJnFXFFBF oov sRF,] HM0F6f


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 DFT'E]DL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RF,LT zLDTL

VFZP0LPUFZ0L SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__* YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__* YL

TFP!$v&vZ__( ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 DFT'E]DL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RF,LT zLDTL

VFZP0LPUFZ0L SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ__* YL p5Z NXF"J[,

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[,


;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6

TFP!5v&vZ__* YL TFP!$v&vZ__( ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[

E,FD6 SZJLP


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c ## c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

(_

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S )! YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 VlEjIlST OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T G[XG, :S], VMO .g8LZLIZ l0hF.G4

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[

5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT

lJGIG lJnFXFBF sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPV[Ps.g8LZLIZ l0hF.Gf GF VeIF;S=D

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VlEjIlST OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

G[XG, :S], VMO .g8LZLIZ l0hF.G4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS



37

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VlEjIlST OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

G[XG, :S], VMO .g8LZLIZ l0hF.G4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[,



;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP

sGM\W ovp5I]"ST SM,[HGL HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GM :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTGM VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc #$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

(!

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S #) YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4DFT]zL DFG]A[G EF6FEF. AFZ0 V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

0MPEZT AFZ0 VF8"; V[g0 SMD;" SM,[H4;]+F5F0F TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[

SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF,

5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lJGIG lJnFXFBF oov sSFIDL HM0F6f

ALPV[PsD]bIq UF{6f o U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 ;\:S'T4 ;DFHXF:+4 VY"XF:+4

JFl6HI lJnFXFBF oov sSFIDL HM0F6f

ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf o V[SFpg8L\U V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g8

lJGIG lJnFXFBF oov sSFIDL HM0F6f

ALPV[;P0A<I]GF VeIF;S=DM

sGM\W ov

s!f ;\:YFV[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF\U[, K[P OL RF,] HM0F6GL EZ[, K[P

sZf V[,PVF.P;LPlZ5M8"DF\ NXF"jIF D]HA VFRFI"zLGL lGD6]\S AFSL K[P

s#f V[,PVF.P;LPV[ Z__)qZ_!_GF JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 DFT]zL DFG]A[G EF6FEF. AFZ0

V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 0MPEZT AFZ0 VF8"; V[g0 SMD;" SM,[H4;]+F5F0F

TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBF TYF

JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GlC VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS




V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 0MPEZT AFZ0 VF8"; V[g0 SMD;" SM,[H4

;]+F5F0F TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBF TYF

JFl6HI lJnFXFBFGL SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,]

HM0F6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL

SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG

TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG] \ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF ZFHI



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c #5 c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

(Z

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S #& YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 ;LPH[PDF\0JLIF V[HI]S[XG R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T V[;PH[P9SSZ SM,[H VMO

V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lX1F6 lJnXFBF oovsSFIDL HM0F6f


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;LPH[PDF\0JLIF V[HI]S[XG R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T V[;PH[P9SSZ SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GlC\ VF5TF RF,] HM0F6


38


E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;LPH[PDF\0JLIF V[HI]S[XG R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T V[;PH[P9SSZ SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,]






VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c #& c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

(#

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S #5 YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 V[DP0LPSCMZ VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 H;N6 TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL



HM0F6GL lJUT oov


ALPV[PsD]bI UF{6f o U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 V\U|[Ò4 ;\:S'T ;DFHXF:+4

ZFHIXF:+


ALPSMDPsJ{Pf o V[SFpg8 V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4

ALhG[; D[G[HD[g8

sGM\W ov

s!f ;\:YFV[ T[GL HM0F6 VZÒGF SM,D G\P $ DF\ SM,[H[ VUFpGF JQF"DF\ HM0F6 D[/jI]

CMI 5Z\T] lXBJJFG] X~ SI]" G CMI T[JF lJQFIDF\ s!f .lTCF; sZf E}UM/

s#f DGMlJ7FG s$f VY"XF:+ s5f TS"XF:+ NXF"J[, K[P

sZf ;\:YFGL HM0F6 VZÒ GF SM,D G\P 5 DF\ ZFHIXF:+ lJQFIG]\ HM0F6 RF,] ZFBJF

DF\U[ K[S[ S[D m T[GM p<,[B SZJFDF\ VFJ[, GYLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP0LPSCMZ VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4

H;N6 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP0LPSCMZ VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4

H;N6 TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ






VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c #* c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

($

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S #$ YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 7FGEFZTL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL 7FGEFZTL SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z

;FIg;4 ;]B5]Z TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


39

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



T'lTI JQF" ALPV[;P;LPsVF.P8LPGF VeIF;S=DMf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 7FGEFZTL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

7FGEFZTL SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ;]B5]Z TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF


TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 7FGEFZTL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

zL 7FGEFZTL SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ;]B5]Z TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z

H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ [, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__)YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[

E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c #( c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

(5

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S ## YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO OFD";L V[g0 lZ;R"4J-

JF6 TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[

5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUTov



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO OFD";L V[g0 lZ;R"4J-JF6 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO OFD";L V[g0 lZ;R"4J-JF6 TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[,

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM

TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL

lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF



;lDlTGM VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc #) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

(&

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S #Z YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL AF-0F S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T zL S[PJLPJLZF6L .g:8L8I]8 VMO OFD";L

V[g0 lZ;R" ;[g8Z4 AF-0F TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


HM0F6GL lJUTov

TALAL lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

RT]Y" JQF" ALPOFD"GF VeIF;S=DM

sGM\W ov

s!f ;\:YFG]\ JQF" Z__) q Z_!_ G]\ HM0F64 JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 K[P

sZf V[,PVF.P;LPV[ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 A[ JQF"G]\ VF5JF E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

s#f JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 V[S JQF"G]\ VF5JFG]\ YFIP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL AF-0F S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

zL S[PJLPJLZF6L .g:8L8I]8 VMO OFD";L V[g0 lZ;R" ;[g8Z4 AF-0F TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6

40


TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL AF-0F S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

zL S[PJLPJLZF6L .g:8L8I]8 VMO OFD";L V[g0 lZ;R" ;[g8Z4 AF-0F TZOYL H}GvZ__)

YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL


p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL

V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


;lDlTGM VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc $_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

(*

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !__ YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 ZFHSM8 S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl, zL S[PV[P5F\WL ,M SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G

Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS


HM0F6GL lJUT oov

SFINF lJnFXFBF oov sRF,] HM0F6f

V[,V[,PALPGF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ZFHSM8 S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T zL S[PV[P5F\WL ,M

SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ SFINF

lJnFXFBF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\

5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!!


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ZFHSM8 S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

zL S[PV[P5F\WL ,M SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[

RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[

I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \

5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[



VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c $! c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

((

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S $Z YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 58[, ALPALPR[ZL8[A, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL V[;PALPUFl0"

ALPV[0PSM,[H4W|M, TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lX1F6 lJnFXFBF oov sSFIDL HM0F6f


sGM\W ov

s!f ;\:YFV[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF\U[, K[P

sZf V[,PVF.P;LPV[ T[GF VC[JF,DF\ lGR[ D]HA H6FJ[, K[P

sVf ,FIA|[ZLDF\ 5]:TSM J;FJJF4 ;FDFILSMGL ;\bIF JWFZJL4 ALPV[0P

VeIF;S=D CMI ;JF"\UL lJSF; DF8[ .¿Z 5|J'lTVM JWFZJLP

sAf SFIDL l5|g;L5F,GL EZTL SZJL

sSf H]G Z__)YL V[S JQF" DF8[ RF,] HM0F6 D\H]Z SZJF E,FD6 K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 58[, ALPALPR[ZL8[A, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

41

;\RFl,T zLDTL V[;PALPUFl0" ALPV[0PSM,[H4W|M, TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GlC VF5TF RF,] HM0F6



E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 58[, ALPALPR[ZL8[A, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL V[;PALPUFl0" ALPV[0PSM,[H4 W|M, TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFGL SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL



XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG] \ V[S

JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c$Z c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

()

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S $! YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zLDTL VFZP0LPUFZ0L UJD["g8 l0%,MDF OFD";L SM,[H4 ,BTZ TZOYL H]G

Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS


HM0F6GL lJUT oov

TALAL lJnFXFBF oov sSFIDL HM0F6f

l0%,MDF OFD";LGF VeIF;S=DM

sGM\W ov

s!f ;\:YFV[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ SZ[, K[P

sZf V[,PVF.P;LPV[ V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zLDTL VFZP0LPUFZ0L UJD["g8 l0%,MDF

OFD";L SM,[H4 ,BTZ TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[

TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GlC VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zLDTL VFZP0LPUFZ0L UJD["g8 l0%,MDF

OFD";L SM,[H4 ,BTZ TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL

HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL


:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__)YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6

SZJLP


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c $# c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

)_

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S $_ YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[DP58[, DlC,F ,M SM,[HP

HMQFL5]ZF4 H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT oov

SFINF lJnFXFBF oov sSFIDL HM0F6f

V[,PV[,PALPGF VeIF;S=D

sGM\W ov

s!f ;\:YFV[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ SZ[, K[P

sZf V[,PVF.P;LPV[ Z__)qZ_!_GF JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

s#f V[,PVF.P;LPlZ5M8"DF VFRFI"GL HuIF EZJFGL SFI"JFCL RF,] K[PT[D H6FJ[, K[P

s$f X{1F6LS DFgIFTF WZFJTF +6 lX1FSM EZ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

V[RPV[DP58[, DlC,F ,M SM,[HP HMQFL5]ZF4 H]GFU- TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

42

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ SFINF lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GlC VF5TF RF,] HM0F6



E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T zL

V[RPV[DP58[, DlC,F ,M SM,[HP HMQFL5]ZF4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z







VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c $$ c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

)!

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S )) YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL ÒPH[PX[9 D[0LS, OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL S[PS[PX[9 OLhLIMY[ZF5L

SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT oov


OLhLIMY[ZF5LGF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ÒPH[PX[9 D[0LS, OFpg0[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL S[PS[PX[9 OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM

TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[

E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ÒPH[PX[9 D[0LS, OFpg0[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL S[PS[PX[9 OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c $5 c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

)Z

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S )( YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 ALPS[PDMNL ;ZSFZL OFD";L SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL



HM0F6GL lJUT oov


l0%,MDF .G OFD";L GF VeIF;S=DM


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ALPS[PDMNL ;ZSFZL OFD";L SM,[H4 ZFHSM8

43

TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBF RF,]

HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ALPS[PDMNL ;ZSFZL OFD";L SM,[H4

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG] \

l0%,MDF .G OFD";LGF VeIF;S=DMGL RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL


:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[

;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST SM,[H TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ ALPOFD";LGF VeIF;S=DMGF RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[



HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!Z ;]WL A[ JQF" DF8[


VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;NZC] ;\:YFV[ A[ JQF"GL HF[0F6 OL EZJFGL

ZC[X[P


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c $& c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

)#

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S )* YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 58[, EF6Ò ELDÒ R[ZL8[A, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL

V[;PALPUFl0" ALPV[0PSM,[H4 W|M, TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov


ALPV[0P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 58[, EF6Ò ELDÒ R[ZL8[A, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zLDTL V[;PALPUFl0" ALPV[0PSM,[H4 W|M, TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM

TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[

E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 58[, EF6Ò ELDÒ R[ZL8[A, V[g0

V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL V[;PALPUFl0" ALPV[0PSM,[H4 W|M, TZOYL



XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\



E,FD6 SZJLP


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c $* c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

)$ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S )& YL SZ[, GLR[

44

HM0F6 D]HAGL E,FD6 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFRFI"zL4 0MP;]EFQF 5LP RFJ0F VFlCZ S[/J6L D\0/ H]GFU- ;\RFl,T 0MP;]EFQF SM,[H

VMO lOhLS, V[HI]S[XG s;[<O OFIGFg;f4 H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[

RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF,


HM0F6GL lJUT oov


ALP5LPV[0P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

45

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 0MP;]EFQF 5LP RFJ0F VFlCZ S[/J6L D\0/ H]GFU-

;\RFl,T 0MP;]EFQF SM,[H VMO lOhLS, V[HI]S[XG s;[<O OFIGFg;f4 H]GFU- TZOYL

VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBF RF,] HM0F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 0MP;]EFQF 5LP RFJ0F VFlCZ S[/J6L

D\0/ H]GFU- ;\RFl,T 0MP;]EFQF SM,[H VMO lOhLS, V[HI]S[XG s;[<O OFIGFg;f4

H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ


SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFP





VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c $( c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

)5

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S )5 YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO OFD";L V[g0 lZ;R"4

J-JF6;L8L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ

TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO OFD";L V[g0 lZ;R"4 J-JF6;L8L TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ

5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO OFD";L V[g0 lZ;R"4 J-JF6;L8L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL



TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!Z ;]WL A[ JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[

E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;NZC] ;\:YFV[ A[ JQF"GL HF[0F6 OL

EZJFGL ZC[X[P


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c $) c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

)&

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S )$ YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, SgIF S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T :JPG\N]A[G C\;ZFHEF. ZFN0LIF

VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 HFDS\0MZ6F TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov


ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f o U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 ;\:S'T4 V\U|[Ò

UF{6 o DGMlJ7FG

46


ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf o V[[SFpg8 V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g8

SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

GM\Wov :YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLV[ JQF" Z_!_ v!! G] V[S JQF" G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF

E,FD6 SZ[, K[PVG[ 8=:8[ l5|g;L5F,4 U|\Y5F, VG[ 5LP8LPVF.P GL EZTL SZJL HM.V[

T[D ;lDTL H6FJ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, SgIF S[/J6L D\0/

;\RFl,T :JPG\N]A[G C\;ZFHEF. ZFN0LIF VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 HFDS\0MZ6F TZOYL

VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBF TYF

JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,

HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, SgIF S[/J6L D \0/

;\RFl,T :JPG\N]A[G C\;ZFHEF. ZFN0LIF VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 HFDS\0MZ6F TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c 5_ c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

)*

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S )# YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 ,L\A0L lJSF; 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI SM,[H VMO D[G[HD[g8 V[g0 SMd%I]8Z

;FIg;4 ,L\A0L TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF VG[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


HM0F6GL lJUT oov


läTLI JQF" ALP;LPV[P GF VeIF;S=DM

läTLI JQF" ALPV[;P;LPsVF.P8LPf GF VeIF;S=DM


5LPÒPl0P;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM

D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG]\ HM0F6f

läTLI JQF" ALPALPV[P GF VeIF;S=DM

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ,L\A0L lJSF; 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI SM,[H

VMO D[G[HD[g8 V[g0 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ,L\A0L TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] TYF D[G[HD[g8


XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\

JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ,L\A0L lJSF; 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI

SM,[H VMO D[G[HD[g8 V[g0 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ,L\A0L TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF TYF RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL


:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[

JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[



;lDlTGM VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc 5! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

)(

HM0F6

5|D]BzL4 ;FUZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;F{ZE VF8"; SM,[H4 U0]

sX[ZAFUf TZOYL ,MS[XG R[.gH DF8[ VFJ[, VZÒ 5Z DFGlGI S],5lTzL äFZF lGDJFDF\

VFJ[, :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFAT TYF ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[

47

VFJ[, :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

SM,[HG]\ H]G]\ ;ZGFD]\ SM,[HG]\ GJ]\ ;ZGFD]\

zL ;FUZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL ;F{ZE VF8"; SM,[H

U0]sX[ZAFUf TFPDF/LIF CF8LGF4

lHPH]GFU-

zL ;FUZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL ;F{ZE VF8"; SM,[H

RMZJF0 CF.J[ ZM04 ÒP.PALP ;A :8[XGGL

AFH]DF\4 D]P5MPU0] v X[ZAFU slJ;6J[,f4

5LG SM0 v #&ZZ55

TFPDF/LIFCF8LGF4 ÒPH]GFU-



VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ,MS[XG R[.gH ;AAGL HF6 H[ T[ O[S<8LGF

0LGzLG[ SZJLP


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c 5Z c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

))

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S #* YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL NWLRL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL SD"IMUL VF8"; SM,[H4 U0] TZOYL H]G

Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF

:YFGLS T5F; ;lDTLGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov


ALPV[P sD]bIqUF{6f o ;DFHXF:+4 U]HZFTL4 ;\:S'T4 lCgNL4

.lTCF;4DGMlJ7FG

lJGIG lJnFXFBF oov sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALPV[P sD]bIqUF{6f o V\U[|Ò4 E]UM/

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL NWLRL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

SD"IMUL VF8"; SM,[H4 U0] TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL

lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;


TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6

SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL NWLRL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T zL

SD"IMUL VF8"; SM,[H4 U0] TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]

TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6


D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c 5# c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!__

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S *# YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 DFT'E]lD R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL VFZP0LPUFZ0L SM,[H VMO

V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ p5Z V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFP!5v5vZ__) GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ !$ YL D],tJL

ZFBJFDF\ VFJ[, T[ 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

lX1F6 lJnFXFBF oov sSFIDL HM0F6f


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 DFT'E]lD R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL

VFZP0LPUFZ0L SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GlC VF5TF RF,] HM0F6


48


E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 DFT'E]lD R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL

VFZP0LPUFZ0L SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[,

HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF V[S[0[lDS


XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG p5I]"ST

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[



VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c 5$ c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!_!

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S #( YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 zL ;F{ZFQ8= V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL HIzLA[G G8]EF. EF8] lX1F6

DCFlJnF,I4H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT oov



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;F{ZFQ8= V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL

HIzLA[G G8]EF. EF8] lX1F6 DCFlJnF,I4H]GFU- TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[

H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;F{ZFQ8= V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

zLDTL HIzLA[G G8]EF. EF8] lX1F6 DCFlJnF,I4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL



T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]




VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c 55 c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!_Z

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S Z* YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 S=F.:8 SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__)YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q SFIDL HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov



lJ7FG lJnFXFBF oov sSFIDL HM0F6f

ALPV[;P;LP o AFIM.gOMD["8LS;GF VeIF;S=DM

ALPV[;P;LP o AFIM8[SGM,MÒ

sGM\W ov

s!f V[,PVF.P;LP V[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G YT] CMI

TM VF5JF E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

sZf JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JFGL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 S=F.:8 SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[,

HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6



E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GlC VF5TF

49

RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,GG[

VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 S=F.:8 SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JFl6HI lJnFXFBFGF RF,] HM0F6GL


GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[

VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_


VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I"]ST S[F,[H TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFGL SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL



XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G G[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG] \ V[S

JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 c 5& c TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!_#

HM0F6

5MZA\NZ GUZ5Fl,SF ;\RFl,T zL 0LP0LPSM8LIFJF,F dI]lGl;5, ,M SM,[HG]\ ;\RF,G zL

;t;\U lX1FF 5lZQFN 8=:8 v 5MZA\NZG[ ;M\5JF V\U[ DFGlGI S],5lTzL äFZF lGDJFDF\

VFJ[, V[,PVF.P;LP GF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFAT TYF VFJ[, V[,PVF.P;LP GF



TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, :JLSFZL 5MZA\NZ GUZ 5Fl,SF ;\RFl,T zL

0LPÒP SM8LIFJF,F dI]lGl;5, ,M SM,[HG] \ ;\RF,G zL ;\t;\U lX1FF 5lZQFN 8=:8 4

5MZA\NZG[ ;M\5JF R[ZL8L SlD`GZzLGL SR[ZL V\TU"T VFJTL 5|lS|IFG[ VFlWG D\H}ZL

VF5JLP

sGM\W ovVF ;FY[ V[,PVF.P;LP GM VC[JF, 5lZlXQ8 v5* TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!_$

DC[SDvA

DC[SDvA lJEFUGF l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8 zL H[P5LPN]WZ[ÒIFG[ H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL

HuIF 5Z A-TL VF5JF DF8[ :GFTS DF8[ lGIT YI[, $ JQF"GF VG]EJDF\ !q#@ VG]EJGL

K]8KF8 VF%IF V\U[GF S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

sGM\W ov

s!f CF, H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL D\H}Z YI[, HuIF !( K[P

sZf V[S H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8G[ lJEFULI VlWSFZL TZLS[ A-TL D/TF\ H]lGIZ

;]l5|g8[g0g8GL HuIF BF,L 50TF JCLJ8GF lCTDF\ EZJFGL YFI K[P

s#f CF, VD,DF\ ZC[, EZTL A-TLGF lGID D]HA H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL HuIF 5Z

A-TL DF8[ OL0Z S[0ZGL HuIFDF\ :GFTS YI[,F DF8[ $ JQF" VYJF SSC YI[,F DF8[

( JQF"GM VG]EJ lGIT YI[, K[P

s$f zL H[P5LPN]WZ[ÒIF l;lGIZ VF;L:8g8 TZLS[ TFPZ_v&v_& GF ZMH HM0FIF CTF

T[ D]HA H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8GL A-TLGL HuIF 5Z A-TL DF8[ $ JQF"GM lGIT

VG]EJ WZFJTF G CTFP s&_ lNJ; 38 YTL CTLf ÒP;LPV[;PVFZPGF JUL"SZ6

VG[ EZTLGF lGIDv!! . wIFG[ ,. !q#@ K]8KF8 D]SL zL H[P5LPN]WZ[ÒIFG[

H]lGIZ ;]l5|g8[g0g8 TZLS[ A-TL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[Pf

50


!_5

HM0F6

D[G[Ò\U 8=:8LzL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, lJ`JlJnF ;\RFl,T ;ZNFZ 58[, lJ`JlJnF ;\:YFG

ALPV[0PSM,[H v 5[-,F TZOYL lX1F6 lJnFXFBFGF ALPV[0PGF VeIF;S=DM H}GvZ_!_

YL A\W SZL SM,[H A\W SZJF VFJ[, 5+ 5Z VMl0"Gg;v!$$ B VG];FZ

V[,PVF.P;LPlGdIFGF DFGPS],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFAT TYF GLR[ D]HAGL

SFIF",I GM\W J\RF6[ ,[JF AFATP

sGM\W ov

s!f ;\:YFV[ T[GF 5+F\S S|DX o HFPG\P#)q_)v!_ TFP_Zv_ZvZ_!_ YL

I]lGJl;"8LG[ HF6 SZ[,

sZf ;\:YFGL JQF" Z_!_qZ_!! GL HM0F6 VZÒ 5Z lGDJFDF\ VFJ[, V[,PVF.P;LP

V[ T[GF VC[JF,DF\ V\TDF\ H6FJ[, K[ S[4 PPP DF8[ ;\5}6" T5F;GF V\T[ p5ZMST 8=:8

;\RFl,T ALPV[0PSM,[HG[ VFUFDL H}GvZ_!_ YL RF,] HM0F6 V\U[

V[,PVF.P;LPSZJFGL ZC[TL GYLP

s#f ;\:YFGL SM,[H VeIF;S=D A\W SZJFGL VZÒ 5Z VMl0"Gg;v!$$ B D]HA

GLDJFDF\ VFJ[, V[,PVF.P;LP T[GF VC[JF,DF\ SM,[H A\W SZJFGL E,FD6 SZ[,

K[P

s$f ;\:YFV[ T[GF 5+ G\P$_q_)v!_ TFP_Zq_ZqZ_!_ VG];FZ V[GP;LP8LP.P v

EM5F,G[ H}GvZ_!_ YL SM,[H A\W SZJF V\U[ 5+ ,B[,P

s5f V[GP;LP8LP.PvEM5F, äFZF T[GF 5+ G\P WRC/APW/01414/323216/

131st/2010/65942 Dt.08/17-3-2010 GF VM0"ZDF\ V\T[ H6FJ[, K[ S[4 hereby

withdrawn on the request of institution from the academic session 2010-

2011


TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, :JLSFZJMP

!_&

HM0F6

zL Z\UT U|]5 VMO 5MZA\NZ ;\RFl,T zL DCFtDF UF\WL SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP V[g0

D[G[HD[g8 v ZFHSM8 TZOYL GLR[GL lJUT[ SM,[HGF ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[ VFJ[, VZÒ 5Z

DFGlGI S],5lTzL äFZF lGDJFDF\ VFJ[, :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF

AFAT TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VFJ[, VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

SM,[HG]\ H]G] V[0=[; SM,[HG]\ GJ]\ V[0=[;

zL Z\UT U|]5 VMO 5MZA\NZ ;\RFl,T

zLDCFtDF UF\WL SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP

V[g0 D[G[HD[g8

ccV\S]Zcc4 0MPÒJZFHFGL lAl<0\U DM8L

8F\SL RMS4 UM\0, GFUlZS A[gS ;FD[4

H,FZFD HIMT SFIF",IGL AFH]DF\

ZFHSM8P

zL Z\UT U|]5 VMO 5MZA\NZ ;\RFl,T

zLDCFtDF UF\WL SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP

V[g0 D[G[HD[g8

ULTF\H,L EJG4 VH\TF 5FS" 5FK/4

;FW] JF;JF6L ZM04 ZFHSM8P


TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, :JLSFZJM VG[ ,MS[XG R[.gHGL D \H]ZL VF5JLP


0LGzLG[ SZJLP

sGM\W ovVF ;FY[ ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[GM :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, 5lZlXQ8

cc5(cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!_*

DC[SDvA

U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o J,Ev!_Z_!_vÒVMVF.v_!v R

TFP#_q_$qZ_!_ GF 9ZFJ YL ;ZSFZzLGF SD"RFZLVMG[ DM\3JFZL EyYF\GF NZDF\

TFP_!q_!qZ_!_ YL JWFZM SZ[, K[ T[ ;ZSFZzLGF 9ZFJ D]HA DM\WJFZL EyYF\GL ZSD

R}SjIF V\U[GL HF6 YJF AFATP

sGM\W oov




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o

51

J,Ev!_Z_!_vÒVMVF.v_!v R TFP#_q_$qZ_!_ GF 9ZFJ YL ;ZSFZzLGF

SD"RFZLVMG[ DM\3JFZL EyYF\GF NZDF\ TFP_!q_!qZ_!_ YL JWFZM SZ[, K[ T[

;ZSFZzLGF 9ZFJ D]HA DM\WJFZL EyYF\GL ZSD R}SjIF V\U[GL GM\W ,[JLP

sGM\W o ;ZSFZzLGM p5I]"ST 9ZFJ 5lZlXQ8 vcc 5) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!_(

5LPÒP

CF, Vl:TtJDF\ ZC[, VMl0"Gg; 5LV[RP0LqV[DPOL,P ! YL !( GF AN,[ I]PÒP;LP GL

UF.0 ,F.G VG];FZ ;]WFZ[, 5LV[RP0LPq VMl0"Gg; S|D G\P ! YL !Z T[DH V[DPOL,P

VMl0"Gg; S|D G\P! YL ) DFGPS],5lTzL äFZF V[P;LPql;lg0S[8 GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[

DFgITF VF5[, K[ DFGPS],5lTzLGF p5ZMST SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF lJRFZ6F VY["P


sGM\W ovp5I]"ST ;]WFZ[, 5LV[RP0LP VMl0"Gg; S|D G\P ! YL !Z VG[ V[DPOL,P VMl0"P

S|D G\P ! YL ) 5lZlXQ8 v cc &_ cc TZLS[ VF ;FY[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!_)

DC[SDvA

U]HZFT ;ZSFZzLGF GF6F\ lJEFUGF TFPZ)q_$qZ_!_GF 9ZFJ S|DF\SoBZRvZ__Zv

5*vhP! GF 9ZFJYL ZFHI ;ZSFZGF JU"v# VG[ JU"v$ GF TDFD ;\JUM" 5ZGL HuIFVM

5Z ;LWL EZTLYL YTL lGD6}\SMGM OLS; 5UFZ ;]WFZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[4 T[ 9ZFJGL HMUJF.

D]HA ;]WFZJFDF\ VFJ[, OLS; 5UFZGL ZSD I]lGJl;"8LGF SD"RFZLVMG[ ,FU] 5F0JF

V\U[GL S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

sGM\W oov

s!f ;ZSFZzLGF TFPZ_q_$qZ_!_GF 9ZFJDF\ GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ OLS; 5UFZGL ZSD

;]WFZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

S=D JU" 5UFZWMZ6 s5F\RD]\

5UFZ 5\R D]HAf ~FP

CF,GM OLS; 5UFZ ;]WFIF" D]HAGM OLS;

5UFZ ~FP

! JU"v$ Z55_v#Z__ !5__ #5__

Z cc Z&!_v#5$_

# cc Z&5_v$___

$ cc Z*5_v$$__ Z5__ $5__

5 JU"v# #_5_v$5)_

& cc $___v&___

* cc $5__v*___ #5__ 5___

( cc 5___v(___

) JU"v# 55__v)___ $5__ &___

!_ JU"v# &5__v!_5__

sZf ;]WFZ[, OLS; 5UFZGM VD, TFP_!q_5qZ_!_YL SZJFGM YFI K[4 T[DH

ElJQIDF\ OLS; 5UFZGF TFP!&q_Zqc_&GF 9ZFJ VgJI[ SZJFDF\ VFJGFZ

EZTLDF\ 56 p5Z ;]WFIF" VG];FZGM OLS; 5UFZGM NZ ,FU] 50X[P

s#f GF6F\ lJEFUGF TFP!&q_Zqc_& VG[ TFP_!q_(qc_& T[DH ;FDFgI JlCJ8

lJEFUGF TFP_$q_&qZ__) GF 9ZFJDF\ NXF"J[, VgI TDFD XZTM IYFJT ZC[X[Pf


!!_

5ZL1FFv5

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L VlWlGID S,D !( s!f (VII) GL HMUJF. ;\NE[" H[ lJnFYL"VMV[

5NJLq0L%,MDF 5|NFG DF8[ VFJ[NG 5+M EZ[, CMI VG[ H[VM 5NJLq0L%,MDF D[/JJFG[

5F+ CMI T[JF NZ[S lJnFYL"VMG[ :8[rI]8v!5( DF\ NXF"J[, 5NJLq0L%,MDF

CFHZqU[ZCFHZDF\ V[GFIT SZJF DF8[ VFUFDL $5 DF\ JFlQF"S 5NJLNFG ;DFZ\EGL TFZLB4

:Y/ VG[ ;DI GSSL SZJF AFATP

sGM\W ov ZFHEJGGF TFP!#v!_v_( GF 5+YL H[ UF.0 ,F.g; DMS,JFDF\

VFJ[, K[ T[DF\ GLR[ D]HA H6FJJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

s!f HIFZ[ UJ"GZzLGL D\H}ZLYL SMgJMS[XGGL TFZLB GSSL SZJFGL YTL CMI tIFZ[ T[

DF8[GL TFZLB GM8L; 5LZLI0GF ;DI 5C[,F A[ V9JF0LIF VUFp V[0JFg;DF\

S],;lRJzLV[ ZFHJEGG[ DMS,L VF5JLP

HIFZ[ 5NJLNFG ;DFZ\EDF\ UJG"ZzL CFHZL VF5JFGF CMI tIFZ[ 5NJLNFG ;DFZ\EGL A[

YL +6 TFZLBM GSSL SZL VUFpYL T[ DF8[GL HF6 VG[ D\H}ZL DF8[ JC[,F;Z ZFHEJGG[

DMS,L VF5JLP

ZFHJEG TZOYL VFJ[, UF.0 ,F.g; ;EF ;DI[ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJX[P

52

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L VlWlGIDGL S,D !( s!f

sVIIf D]HA TFP Z(v!!vZ_!_GF ZMH D/GFZ ;[G[8GL BF; ;EFDF \ IMHFGFZ

5NJLNFG ;DFZ\EDF\ H[ lJnFYL"VMV[ VFJ[NG5+ EIF" CMI VG[ 5NJL q l0%,MDF

D[/JJFG[ 5F+ CMI T[JF NZ[S lJnFYL"G[ :8[rI]8v!5(DF \ NXF"J[, H[ T[ 5NJL q l0%,MDF

V[GFIT SZJF ;[G[8G[ E,FD6 SZJL TYF J{Sl<5S TFZLBM $v!ZvZ_!_4

5v!ZvZ_!_ TYF !Zv!ZvZ_!_ ;}RJJL TYF DCFDlCDzLG[ DFR" DF;GF

5NJLNFG DF8[GL TFZLBF[GL VG]S}/TF CF[I TF[ T[ 5|DF6[ TFZLBF[ lGIT SZL ;}RJJLP

!!!

lC;FA

;BFJT

NFTFzL 0LPV[;PUF0L" ;FC[A TZOYL VMXLJFZF ,[g0P 0[JP S]FP s5|FPf ,LP D]\A. TZOYL

~FPZ_4__4___qvs~FPJL; ,FBf G]\ JLP;LP SMgOZg; DF8[ VFJ[, NFG DFGGLI

S],5lTzLV[ l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LV[ :JLSFZ[, K[P DFGPS],5lTzLGF NFG :JLSFIF"GF SFI"G[

ACF,L VF5JF AFATP


!!Z

HM0F6

D[G[Ò\U 8=:8LzL4 VMDSFZ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T J[,GMG SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

v ZFHSM8 TZOYL GLR[GL lJUT[ ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[ VMl0"Gg;v!$$ ;L sIVf D]HA

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT lGdIF V\U[ TYF ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[GF VFJ[, VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F

SZL l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ DFGGLI S],5lTzLV[ D\H}ZL VF%IFGF SFI"G[ ACF,L

VF5JF AFAT

H}G} ;ZGFD] H[ HuIFV[ O[ZJJF DFU[ K[ T[ ;ZGFD]

zL VMDSFZ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T4

zL J[,GMG SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4

!q!_4 ,1DLJF0L4 ZFHSM8

zL VMDSFZ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T4

zL J[,GMG SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4

cc V\S]Zcc4 0MPÒJZFHFGL lA<0L\U4 5|YD

DF/4 DM8L 8F\SL RMS4 ZFHSM8




0LGzLG[ SZJLP

!!#

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF lAGX{1Fl6S SD"RFZLVM DF8[ lX1F6 lJEFUGF TFP!#q!_q_)GF 9ZFJ

S|DF\S ;ZIv!Z_(v$!*_vB YL K9'F 5UFZ5\R D]HAGF 5UFZWMZ6M D\H}Z SZ[, K[P T[

D]HA I]lGJl;"8LDF\ .g0:8=LI, 8=LaI]G,GF V[JM0" D]HA lGIlDT 5UFZWMZ6DF\ D}SJFDF\

VFJ[, +6 DF/LG[ K9'F 5UFZ5\R D]HAGF 5UFZWMZ6MGM ,FE VF5JF V\U[ lJRFZ6F

SZJF AFATP

sGM\Wov

s!f p5I]"ST lJUTDF\ NXF"J[, 9ZFJ D]HA VD, VY[" l;g0LS[8DF\ D]STF

TFP)q!!q_)GL l;g0LS[8GF 9ZFJ S|DF\S !Z YL H[ 9ZFJ YI[, K[P T[GL lJUT GLR[

D]HA K[P

ZFHI ;ZSFZzLGF p5I]"ST TFP!#q!_qZ__) GF 9ZFJDF\ NXF"J[, HuIF 5Z

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L V[S8GL S,D Z_ VgJI[ l;g0LS[8 wJFZF lGD6}\S 5FD[,

VlWSFZLVMqSD"RFZLVMG[ ZFHI ;ZSFZzLGF TFP!#q!_q_) GF 9ZFJDF\

NXF"J[, HMUJF.qXZTM VFWLG K9'F 5UFZ 5\R D]HAGF ;]WFZ[, 5UFZWMZ6

VF5JFP

sZf ;NZ C] 9ZFJG[ wIFG[ ,. TtSFl,G ;DI[ V[S8GL S,D Z_(I)(XXII)D]HAGF

V[8,[ S[ H[VMGF S[;DF\ l;g0LS[8 wJFZF 9ZFJYL JZ6L ;lDlT wJFZF lGD6}\S 5FD[,

9ZFJYL .g0:8=LI, 8=LaI]G, V[JM0" wJFZF lGIlDT 5UFZWMZ6DF\ ZFBJFDF\ VFJ[,

SD"RFZLVMG[ ,FE VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

s#f .g0:8=LI, 8=LaI]G, V[JM0" wJFZF lGIlDT 5UFZWMZ6DF\ +6 DF/LG[ ZFBJFDF\

VFJ[, T[VMGF S[;DF\ VUFp l;lg0S[8DF\ SM. 9ZFJ YI[, G CM. K9'F 5UFZ5\RGM

,FE VF5[, GYLP

s$f GFDNFZ .g0:8=LI, 8=LaI]G, V[JM0"GL lJUT GLR[ D]HA K[P

cc VFYL VF Z[OZg; V\XTo D\H}Z ZFBJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ VG[ +6 SFDNFZM WGFEF.

53

Z6KM0EF. NFG[JFZLIF4 XFDÒ DMCG ZF9M0 VG[ CZÒJG ÒJFEF. UMC[,G[

;FDFJF/F I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM8[ TFP_!q_!qc)(YL SFIDL DF/LGM CMN'M VF5JM

VG[ SFIDL DF/LG[ D/TF 5UFZ VG[ VgI ,FEM TFP_!q_!qc)(YL R}SJL

VF5JFP VF V[JM0"GM VD, VF V[JM0" 5|l;wW YI[YL V[S DF;DF\ SZJMPcc

s5f p5I]"ST V[JM0" VgJI[ zL WGF Z6KM0 NFG[JFZLIF4zL CZÒJG ÒJF UMC[, TYF

zL XFDÒ DMCG ZF9M0G[ lGIlDT 5UFZWMZ6DF\ D}SJFDF\ VFJ[, CTFP

s&f VF AFAT TtSFl,G ;DI[ l;lg0S[8DF\ ZH} YI[, GCMTLP

s*f TtSFl,G ;DI[ VG[ tIFZAFN VFH ;]WLGF DF/LGF ;[8V5GL lJUT GLR[ D]HA

K[P

s!f 5UFZWMZDF\D]SIFGL TFZLB[o v D\H}Zv_*4EZFI[,Lv_* BF,Lv__4

VF.P8LP V[JM0" ;DI[ p5I]"ST +6

DF/L VMJZ ;[8V5

sZf l;lg0S[8GL TFPZ(q_)qc_$GL

;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\So## D]HA

Z_@ SF5 D]HA ov

D\H}Zv_*4 SFIDF\ v_$4 AFSLv_#

D\H}Zv_#4EZFI[,Lv_(4VMJZ;[8V

5v_5 sVF.P8LPV[JM0"GL +6f

s#f TFP!#q!_qZ__)GF 9ZFJ

D]HAov

D\H}Zv_*4EZFI[,Lv_*4 BF,Lv__

VMJZ ;[8V5v_$

sVF.P8LPV[JM0"GLv_#f

Z_@ SF5G[ U6TZLDF\ ,[TF\ +6

VMJZ;[8V5 H[DF\ A[ VF.P8LPV[JM0"

DF/LGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P szL

V[RPH[PUMlC,G[ JI DIF"NF VG];FZ OZH

D]ST SZTF\f

s(f TtSFl,G ;DI[ VF VMJZ;[8V5GL HuIF DF8[ ;ZSFZzLDF\ NZBF:T SZJFDF\

VFJ[, GCMTLPf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST SD"RFZLVMG[ GFDP .g0:8=LI, 8=LaI]G,

V[JM0" D]HA lGIT 5UFZ WMZ6DF\ D}S[, CMI VG[ 5F\RDF 5UFZ 5\RGM ,FE VF5[, CMI

T[DH VF H 5|SFZGF GFDP .g0:8=LI, 8=LaI]G,GF V[JM0" D}HA lGIT 5UFZ WMZ6DF \

D}SJFDF\ VFJ[, :JL5Z VG[ C[<5ZG[ TtSFl,G ;DIGF l;lg0S[8 äFZF YI[, lGD6} \S

VgJI[ K9'F 5UFZ 5\R D]HAGF 5UFZ WMZ6GM ,FE VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[4 T[ ZLT[

p5I]"ST SD"RFZLG[ K9'F 5UFZ 5\RGM ,FE VF5JMP

!!$

DC[SDvA

VMl0"Gg;v!(& D]HAGL lAG X{1Fl6S SD"RFZLVM DF8[GL ZRFI[, HM.g8 Sg;,8[8LJ

SDL8LDF\ TFP!q*q!_ YL #_q&q!! ;]WLGF\ ;DIUF/F DF8[ VMl0"Gg;v!(&4 Z s cf

TYF VMl0"Gg;v!(&4 Z s df C[9/ ;eIMGL lGD6\}S SZJF AFATP

sGM\W ov

s!f VMl0Gg; !(&vZ sc f DF\ GLR[ D]HA HMUJF. K[P

"Three members of the Syndicate nominated by the Syndicate each of

whom shall function for a period of one year "

sZf VMl0Gg; !(&vZ sdf DF\ GLR[ D]HA HMUJF. K[P

"Two members of the Senate (not being members of the Syndicate)

nominated by the Syndicate each of whom shall function for a period of

one year"

s#f p5I]"ST HMUJF. VG];FZ TFP!q*q_) YL #_q&q_) ;]WL

l5|PAFG]A[G WSF64 zL D[C], ~5F6L4 0MPEZT ZFDFG]H4 zL VT], ZFJ, TYF zL

V[;P ALPHF0[HFGL lGD6}\S SZ[, K[P

s$f VF lGD6\}S HMUJF. D]HA V[S JQF" 5]ZTL K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST AFAT[ lG6"I SZJF DFGP S],5lTzLG[ ;¿F

VF5JLP

!!5 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\PZ 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

54

V[S[0[lDS AFATP

.HG[ZL VeIF;S=DGL X{1F6LS JQF" Z__(vZ__)GL ;+ jIJ:YFGF O[ZOFZ V\U[GL zL

;lRGEF. 5lZBGL GLR[ NXF"jIF 5|DF6[GL ZH]VFT 5ZtJ[ DFGP S],5lTzL wJFZF VlWSFZ

D\0/MGL D\H]ZLGL V5[1FFV[ VF5[, ACF,LGF SFI"GL GM\W ,[JF AFATP

TFP Z)v&vZ__) GJF ;[D[:8Z 5 VG[ ;[D[:8Z * GM O[ZOFZ

3 New Sem. (5th /7th) Starts from Dt. 29-06-2009

CHANGE

3 New Sem. (5th /7th) Starts from Dt. 06-07-2009

GM\W ov 5lZ5+ G\qV[S[q.HG[ZLq;+q&5)q TFP !v5vZ__) YL S=DF\S G\P# 5ZtJ[



!!&

V[S[0[DLS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P!! D]HA GLR[ NXF"jIF

5|DF6[GL TALAL lJnFXFBFGL TFP(v!_vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S|DF\S ) VgJI[ E,FD6

5M:8 U|[HI]V[8 l0%,MDF .G S,LGLS, lZ;R" lJQFIGF V[S JQF"GF GJF VeIF;S|DGF\

lA0F6 VMl0"Gg;4 Z[uI],[XG D\H]Z SZJF E,FD6 5ZtJ[ lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

TALAL lJnFXFBF TFP (v!_ vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S ) VgJI[ OFDF"SM,MÒ lJQFIGF

V[0CMS AM0"GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S=DF\S # VgJI[GL E,FD6 GLR[ 5|DF6[ D\H]Z DFGP


5M:8 U|[HI]V[8 0L%,MDF .G Sl,lGS, OFD";L lJQFIGM V[S JQF"GM GJM

VeIF;S=D VMl0"Gg;v Z[uI],[XG JU[Z[ X{1F6LS JQF" Z__)YL VD, SZJF DFGP

S],5lTzL wJFZF VlWSFZ D\0/MGL D\H]ZLGL V5[1FFV[ ACF,L VF5[, K[PT[GL GM\W ,[JF

AFATP

pST DFGP S],5lTzLGF SFI"GL GM\W ,[JF TALAL lJnFXFBFG[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\

VFJ[ K[P

VFYL V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF VFJ[ K[ S[ TFP ZZv(vZ__)GF

9ZFJ S=DF\S # YL OFDF"SM,MÒ lJQFIGL V[0CMS AM0"GL E,FD6 VgJI[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF

ACF,LGF SFI"GL GM\W ,[JLP

VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ pST PGDCP G[ AN,[ cc 5M:8 U[|HI]V[8

l0%,MDF .G Sl,GLS, lZ;R" cc lJQFIGM V[S JQF"GM GJM VeIF;S=D VMl0"Gg;vZ[uI],[XG

JU[Z[ X{1F6LS JQF" Z__) YL VD, SZJF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P


VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[4 PGDCP G[ AN,[ cc 5M:8 U[|HI]V[8 l0%,MDF

.G Sl,GLS, lZ;R"cc lJQFIGM V[S JQF"GM GJM VeIF;S=D VMl0"Gg;vZ[uI],[XG JU[Z[

X{1F6LS JQF" Z__) YL VD, SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5I]"ST E,FD6 :JLSFZJL

TYF ;}RJJFDF\ VFJ[, VMl0"Gg;v Z[uI],[XG D\H}Z SZJFP

s GM\W ov pST VMl0"Gg;vZ[uI],[XG 5lZlXQ8 cc &! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!!*

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\PZ_ D]HA GLR[ NXF"jIF

5|DF6[GL TALAL lJnFXFBFGL TFP(v!_vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S|DF\S !Z VgJI[GL GLR[

5|DF6[GL :8[rI]8 !5(vs*f S|D Z& D]HA O[ZOFZGL HMUJF. D\H]Z SZJFGL E,FD6 5ZtJ[

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

TALAL lJnFXFBFGF TFP (v!_vZ__)GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S !Z 5ZtJ[ V[G[:Y[:IM,MÒ

s:5[PflJQFIGL VeIF; ;lDTLGF TFP!5v)vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S $ VgJI[ lGR[

D]HAGF :8[rI]8GF O[ZOFZGL HMUJF. D\H]Z SZJFGL E,FD6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, VG[

l;g0LS[8G[ D\H]Z SZJF E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

MCI, New Delhi, GF 5+F\S G\P MCI-23(1)/ 2009- Med./Dt.7-8-09 VgJI[

MD In Tuberculosis and Chest Dieses G] GFDFELWFG MD Pulmonary Medicine

SZJF lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFYL TALAL lJnFXFBFG[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ MCI, New Delhi, GF

5+F\S VgJI[ MD In Tuberculosis and Chest Dieses G] GFDFELWFG MD

Pulmonary Medicine D\H]Z SZJF E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[PH[GM VD, V[5|L,

Z_!_ YL VD, SZJFGM ZC[X[P

CF, :8[rI]8 !5( s*f DF GLR[ D]HAGL HMUJF. K[P

55

Statute 158 Faculty of Medicine (7)

26. M.D. in Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine or

Pulmonary Medicine p5Z D]HA 5|+F\S VgJI[ ;]WFZ[, :8[rI]8 v !5(s*f DF\ GLR[

D]HA O[ZOFZGL HMUJF. SZJLP

Statute 158 Faculty of Medicine (7)

26. M.D. in Pulmonary Medicine

VFYL V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, VG[ l;g0LS[8G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 S[ p5ZMST ;]WFZ[,

:8[rI]8 D\H]Z SZJMP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[4 p5ZMST ;]WFZ[,M :8[rI]8 D\H]Z SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6

SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5ZMST ;]WFZ[,M :8[rI]8 D\H]Z SZJF ;[G[8G[

E,FD6 SZJLP

!!(

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\PZ! 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

TFP!#v!_vZ__) GL .HG[ZL lJnFXFBFGF 9ZFJ S=DF\S !Z VgJI[ GLR[ 5|DF6[ X{1F6LS

JQF" Z__)vZ_!_ GL ;+ jIJ:YF D\H]Z SZJF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, q l;g0LS[8G[ E,FD6

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP 5ZtJ[ DFGP S],5lTzL wJFZF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, VG[ l;g0LS[8GL

D\H]ZLGL V5[1FFV[ ;+ jIJ:YF D\H]Z SIF"GF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

X{1F6LS JQF" Z__)vZ_!_ GL ;+ jIJ:YF

B.E. Sem. (5th / 7th) Dt. 6-7-2009 to 10-10-2009 Diwali Vacation Duration Dt. 20-10-2009 to 28-11-2009 B.E. Sem. 4th /6th / 8th Dt. 4-1-2010 to 24-4-2010 Summer Vacation Duration Dt. 26-4-2010 to 26-6-2010

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGPS],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JLP


!!)

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\PZZ 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

TALAL lJnFXFBFGF TFP (v!_vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S !5 5ZtJ[ Gl;"\U

lJQFIGF VeIF;S=DMGL X{1F6LS JQF" Z__)vZ_!_ GL ;+ jIJ:YF DFGPS],5lTzL wJFZF

D\H]Z SIF"GF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

X{1F6LS JQF" Z__)vZ_!_ GL ;+ jIJ:YF

1. Dt. 01-08-2009 to Dt. 11-10-2009 5|YD ;+

2. Dt. 12-10-2009 to Dt. 31-10-2009 lNJF/L J[S[XG

3. Dt. 03-11-2009 to Dt. 16-05-2010

Dt. 21-06-2010 to Dt. 31-07-2010

ALH] ;+

4. Dt. 17-05-2010 to Dt. 20-06-2010 J[S[XG



!Z_

V[[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\PZ$ 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

TFP(v(vZ__) GF ZMH D/[, V[DPOL,PAFIMP.gOMD["8LS; lJQFIGF

VeIF;S=DGL cc;+jIJ:YFcc DFGP S],5lTzL wJFZF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,4 l;lg0S[8 GL

D\H]ZLGL V5[1FFV[ VF5[, GLR[ 5|DF6[GL jIJ:YF D\H]Z SIF"GF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

;+ jIJ:YF o Z__)vZ_!_

5|YD ;+ o VMS8MAZ Z__) YL DFR" Z_!_

läTLI ;+ o V[5|L, Z_!_ YL ;%8[dAZ Z_!_



56

!Z!

V[[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P5$ 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

TALAL lJnFXFBFGF TFP (v!_vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S & VgJI[ l0%,MDF .G

5a,LS C[<Y ;lJ";Lh lJQFIGF V[0CMS AM0"GF TFP !Zv5vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S $

VgJI[GL E,FD6 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, VG[ l;g0LS[8G[ GLR[ 5|DF6[GL :8[rI]8DF\

HMUJF. D\H]Z SZJF lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

l0%,MDF .G 5a,LS C[<Y ;lJ";Lh (DPHS) lJQFIGF VeIF;S=DGL 0LU|L S1FFV[

:8[rI]8 DF\ HMUJF. SZJF AFATP

VFYL ;JF"G]DT[ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ l0%,MDF .G 5a,LS C[<Y ;lJ";Lh

(DPHS) lJQFIGF VeIF;S=DGL :8[rI]8 !5( DF\ HMUJF. pD[ZL D\H]Z SZJF V[S[[0[lDS

SFplg;, VG[ l;g0LS[8GL E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

Statute 158 (7)

Faculty of Medicine

29. Diploma in Public Health Services (DPHS) VFYL V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[4 l0%,MDF .G 5a,LS C[<Y

;lJ";GF V[0CMS AM0"GL TFP!Zv5vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S $ VgJI[GL E,FD6 D\H]Z

SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[4 l0%,MDF .G 5a,LS C[<Y ;lJ";GF V[0CMS AM0"GL

TFP!Zv5vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S $ VgJI[GL E,FD6 D\H]Z SZJF l;g0LS[8G[ E,FD6

SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ l0%,MDF .G 5a,LS C[<Y ;lJ";GF V[0CMS AM0"GL

TFP!Zv5vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S $ VgJI[GL E,FD6 D\H]Z SZJF ;[G[8G[ E,FD6

SZJLP

!ZZ

V[[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P55 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

TALAL lJnFXFBFGF TFP (v!_vZ__)GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S $ VgJI[ V[G[:Y[:IM,MÒ s:5[Pf

lJQFIGL VeIF; ;lDTLGF TFP !5v)vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S 5 D]HA 5|YD JQF"

lOhLIMY[ZF5L lJQFIGF VeIF;S=D DF\ V[8LS[8L GL 5|YF NFB, SZJF lA0F6 D]HAGF

VMl0"Gg;v AL OLhLIM & ;]WFZ[, VMl0"Gg; D]HA VMUQ8 Z__)GL 5lZ1FFYL VD,

SZJFGL E,FD6 5ZtJ[ DFGP S],5lTzL wJFZF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, VG[ l;g0LS[8GL

D\H]ZLGL V5[1FFV[ D\H]Z SIF"GF SFI"GL GM\W ,[JF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGPS],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"GL[ ACF,LGL GM\W ,[JLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGPS],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"GL[ ACF,LGL GM \W

,[JLP

sGM\W ov p5I]"ST VMl0"Gg; 5lZlXQ8 v&Zv TZLS[ VF ;FY[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!Z#

V[[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P5& 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

cc5LPÒP l0%,MDF .G CM:5L8, V[g0 C[<YS[Z D[G[HD[g8cc V[0CMS AM0"GL ;EF TFP

ZZv(vZ__)GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S Z VgJI[ ;FD[, 5lZlXQ8 D]HA 5|J[X V\U[GF O[ZOFZGF

VMl0"Gg; GL E,FD6 DFGP S],5lTzL wJFZF TALAL lJnFXFBF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, GL

D\H]ZLGL V5[1FFV[ VF5[, ACF,LGL GM\W ,[JF AFATP



sGM\W ovp5I]"ST VMl0"Gg; 5lZlXQ8 v cc &# cc TZLS[ VF ;FY[ ;FD[, K[Pf

57

!Z$

V[[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P** 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

TALAL lJnFXFBF C[9/GF ccl0%,MDF .G 5a,LS C[<Y ;lJ";Lhcc lJQFIGF V[0CMS AM0"GL

TFP!$v!!vZ__) GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S $ VgJI[ GL GLR[ 5|DF6[ O. DPHS VeIF;S=D DF\

ATKT GL 5|YF NFB, SZJFGL E,FD6 DFGPS],5lTzL wJFZF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, q

l;g0LS[8 GL D\H]ZLGL V5[1FFV[ ACF,L VF5[, SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

O.DPHS :

"For the Academic year 2009-10, the Student who appear in the DPHS

examination will be allowed to keep the term and get admitted in the next

academic session.ATKT Facility will be granted to the student for maximum 2

Papers / Subjects. In Other Words, Students failing in more than 2 Papers /

Subjects has to repeat the examination for the failed subjects. The Students Who

is allowed to keep the term has to clear the examination of papers in which he

has given ATKT before filing the examination form for the 2nd year

examination."

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGPS],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"G[[ ACF,L VF5JLP


!Z5

V[[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P(# VG[ (5 D]HA

lJ7FG lJnFXFBFGL TFP$v!vZ_!_ GF 9ZFJ S|DF\S VG]S|D[ !Z VG[ !$ GF 9ZFJ 5ZtJ[

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF C[9/GL Ul6TXF:+4 Z;FI6 XF:+ lJQFIMGL VeIF; ;lDlTVMGL

E,FD6 VgJI[ GF ;]WFZ[, VMl0"Gg; H]GvZ_!_ YL D\H]Z SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6MGL

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

lJ7FG lJnFXFBFGL TFP$v!vZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P!Z 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

!ZP Ul6TXF:+ lJQFIGL TFP!(v(v_) GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\Sv5 VgJI[GL

E,FD6 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

9ZFJ S|DF\S v5

ALPV[;;LP Ul6TXF:+ lJQFIGM ;[D[:8Z 5v& GF VeIF;S|DDF\ GLR[ D]HAGF

;]WFZF ;FY[ D\H]Z SZ[, K[P

a) VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[4 ;[D[:8Z v& DF\ V\U|[Ò lJQFI NFB, SZJFYL

;[D[:8Zv& DF\ ZFB[, 5|MH[S8GL HMUJF. VFYL ZN SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

9ZFJ S|DF\S Z D]HA VFUFDL H]GvZ_!_ YL VD,DF\ VFJ[ T[ ZLT[ D\H]Z

SZJF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,G[ E,FD6 K[P

b) VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;[D[:8Zv! YL & DF\ YLIZL 5ZL1FFDF\ GF5F; CMI

VG[ ;\A\WLT 5[5ZGL 5|[S8LS, 5ZL1FFDF\ 5F; CMI T[JF lJnFYL"VMG[

5|[S8LS,GL 5ZL1FFDF\YL D]lST VF5JL VG[ 5|[S8LS, 5ZL1FFGF D[/J[, DFS";

S[ZLOMJ0" SZJFP

VFYL V[S[0[DLS SFplg;,G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;[D[:8Zv! YL & DF\

YLIZL 5ZL1FFDF\ GF5F; CMI VG[ ;\A\WLT 5[5ZGL 5|[S8LS, 5ZL1FFDF\ 5F;

CMI T[JF lJnFYL"VMG[ 5|[S8LS,GL 5ZL1FFDF\YL D]lST VF5JL VG[ 5|[S8LS,

5ZL1FFGF D[/J[, DFS"; S[ZLOMJ0" SZJFP VF VG];\WFG[ O.Gen.Sc.3 GLR[

NXF"jIF 5|DF6[ H]GvZ_!_ YL VD,DF\ VFJ[ T[ 5|SFZ[ D\H]Z SZJF V[S[0[DLS

SFplg;,G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

-: O.Gen.Sc.3 ov

To pass each of the B.Sc. Semesters I to VI examination a student must

have passed all the subjects in the respective semester. A subject may

contain up to three heads of passing i.e. theory, practical & project work (

including Viva-voce). To pass a subject-examination a student is required

to obtain minimum 40% of the maximum marks separately in each head

of the passing viz. theory, practical & project work ( including viva-voce)

as the case may be and if student pass any of the above head, he did not

require to appear in next examination The marks obtain in that head

should carry forward.

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5ZMST O.Gen.Sc.3 D\H}Z SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6

SZJLP

58

(5P lJ7FG lJnFXFBFGL TFP$v!vZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P !$ 5Z lJRFZ6F

SZJF AFATP

!$P Z;FI6XF:+ lJQFIGL TFP!(v(v_) GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o ( VgJI[GL

E,FD6 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

9ZFJ S|DF\S v (

VFYL ;JF"G]DT[ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[4 ALPV[;;LP ;[D[:8Zv! YL & DF\ H[ T[

lJQFIGL YLIZL 5ZL1FFDF\ GF5F; YI[, VG[ 5|[S8LS, 5ZL1FFDF\ 5F; YI[, CMI T[JF

lJnFYL"VMG[ 5|[S8LS, 5ZL1FF OZLYL VF5JFDF\YL D]lST VF5JLP VG[ 5|[S8LS, 5ZL1FFGF\

DFS" S[ZLOMZJ0" SZJF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

VF V\U[ pST 9ZFJ 5ZtJ[ ;]WFZ[, O.-Sc.3 VMl0"Gg; s9ZFJ S|DF\S v !Z D]HAf D\H]Z

SZJF VlWSFZ D\0/MG[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;]WFZ[, O.Gen.Sc.3 VMl0"Gg; D\H}Z SZJF


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST ;]WFZ[, O.Gen.Sc. 3 D\H}Z SZJMP

!Z&

V[[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P(* 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

lJ7FG lJnFXFBFGL TFP$v!vZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\PZZ 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

ZZP I]PÒP;LPgI] lN<CL wJFZF !!DL 5\RJlQF"I IMHGF C[9/ D\H]Z YI[, DZLG ;FIg;

l05F8"D[g8 V\U[ lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

sGM\Wov ;EFDF\ I]PÒP;LPgI] lN<CLGM 5+ JF\RL ;\E/FJJFDF\ VFJ[, CTMP

TN]5ZF\T DFGPS],5lTzLV[ ZRGF SZ[, l05F8"D[g8 VMO DZLG ;FIg; .d%,LD[\8[\XG

SDL8LGL ZRGF VG[ 5|YD DL8L\UDF\ YI[, SFI"JFCLYL ;eIzLVMG[ JFS[O SZJFDF\

VFJ[, CTFPf

VFYL ;JF"G]D¿[ V[S[0[DLS SFplg;,vl;g0LS[8G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[

VFUFDL H]GvZ_!_ YL Vl:TtJDF\ VFJ[ T[ 5|SFZ[ l05F8"D[g8 VMO DZLG

;FIg;GL :YF5GF SZJLP VFYL JW]DF\ :8[rI]8v!5(4 :8[rI]8v)*s#f4

:8[rI]8v)( TYF :8[rI]8v)) DF\ GLR[ D]HAGL HMUJF. pD[ZL D\H]Z SZJFP

Statute- 97 (3) Faculty of Science

23 Physical Oceanography and Meteorology

24 Chemical Oceanography and Marine Biochemistry 25 Biological Oceanography 26 Geological Oceanography 27 Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Programming and Instrumentation 28 Marine Microbiological processes 29 Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology 30 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS to Oceanography 31 Estuarine and Coastal Oceanography 32 ICZM, Coastal and Marine Laws 33 Marine Ecology 34 Marine Biodiversity and Bioresearches 35 Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries 36 Marine Bio-technology 37 Physical and Inorganic Chemistry of Sea water 38 Geochemistry 39 Marine Natural Products 40 Fluid Mechanics 41 Dynamics Oceanography 42 Ocean, Atmosphere Interaction 43 Sedimentology 44 Marine Geo-Chemistry 45 Marine Geo-physics Statute- 98 (3) Faculty of Science

21 Physical Oceanography and Meteorology

59

22 Chemical Oceanography and Marine Biochemistry 23 Biological Oceanography

24 Geological Oceanography 25 Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Programming and Instrumentation 26 Marine Microbiological processes 27 Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology 28 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS to Oceanography 29 Estuarine and Coastal Oceanography 30 ICZM, Coastal and Marine Laws 31 Marine Ecology 32 Marine Biodiversity and Bioresearches 33 Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries 34 Marine Bio-technology 35 Physical and Inorganic Chemistry of Sea water 36 Geochemistry 37 Marine Natural Products 38 Fluid Mechanics 39 Dynamics Oceanography 40 Ocean, Atmosphere Interaction 41 Sedimentology 42 Marine Geo-Chemistry 43 Marine Geo-physics Statute- 99 (3) Faculty of Science

5 Physical Oceanography and Meteorology, Chemical Oceanography and

Marine

Biochemistry, Biological Oceanography,Geological Oceanography. 6 Marine Microbiological processes, & Marine Pollution and

Ecotoxicology,

Marine Geo-Chemistry, Marine Geo-physics. 7 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS to Oceanography,Estuarine and

Coastal Oceanography 8 ICZM, Coastal and Marine Laws 9 Marine Ecology, Marine Biodiversity and Bioresearches 10 Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries 11 Marine Bio-technology 12 Physical and Inorganic Chemistry of Sea water, Geochemistry, Marine

Natural Products. 13 Fluid Mechanics, Dynamics Oceanography, Ocean, Atmosphere

Interaction, Sedimentology Statute- 158 (3) Faculty of Science

26 M.Sc. Marine Science(Biological Oceanography ) 27 M.Sc. Marine Science(Chemical Oceanography) 28 M.Sc. Marine Science(Physical Oceanography) 29 M.Sc. Marine Science(Geological Oceanography)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST E,FD6 :JLSFZJL TYF p5Z D]HAGF :8[rI]8 !5(4

:8[rI]8 )*s#f4 :8[rI]8 )( TYF :8[rI]8 )) DF\ p5Z D]HAGL HMUJF. pD[ZJF l;lg0S[8G[

E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST E,FD6 :JLSFZJL TYF p5Z D]HAGF

:8[rI]8 !5(4 :8[rI]8 )*s#f4 :8[rI]8 )( TYF :8[rI]8 )) DF \ p5Z D]HAGL HMUJF.

pD[ZJF ;[G[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

!Z*

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\S G\P!!# 5Z lJRFZ6F

SZJF AFATP

c RM.; A[.h S|[0L8 l;:8D c GL H}GvZ_!_ YL VD,JFZL SZJFGL YTL CM.4 T[

;\NE[" ;FD[, lA0F6 D]HA NXF"J[, :8[rI]8 ;]WFZJF lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

sGM\W ov Statute - 97 s5|:TFlJTf lA0F6 TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

1. FACULTY OF ARTS : STATUTE-97 1 Gujarati 2 Marathi 3 Hindi 4 Urdu

60

5 Sindhi

6 Bengali 7 English 8 French 9 Marathi 10 Sanskrit 11 Pali 12 Prakrit (Ardhamagadhi) 13 Persian 14 Avesta Pahlavi 15 Arabic 16 Tamil 17 Russian 18 History 19 Archaeology Epigraphy 20 Logic 21 Philosophy 22 Mathematics 23 Statistics 24 Political Science 25 Economics 26 Sociology 27 Psychology 28 Ancient Indian or Eastem Culture 29 Home Science 30 Geography 31 Co-operation 32 General Education 33 Labour Welfare 34 Library and Information science 35 Journalism 36 Fine Arts 37 Town Planning and Architecture 38 Anthropology 39 Civics 40 Defence Studies 41 Journalism & Mass Communication 42 Salesmanship & Marketing 43 Public Relations 44 Photography 45 Export & Import Trade Management 46 Office Management & Book Keeping 47 Labour welfare & Industrial Relations 48 Tourism & Travel Management 49 Rural Development 50 Corporate Secretaryship 51 Social Work 52 Performing Arts 53 Applied Arts 54 Gandhian Studies 55 Bachelor of Social Work 56 Research Methodology 57 Family Welfare 58 Child Welfare 59 Technical Representation of Drawing 60 Design Studies 61 Construction Material & Technology 62. Workshop 63. Field work (RSP ) 64. Applied Mechanics/Structural Principles system 65. History of Arts & Culture 66. Theory of visual perception 67. Materials

61

68. Vallabha vaidant & Vaisnavisam

2. Faculty of Education STATUTE-97 1. Education 2. Psychology 3. Physical Education

3. Faculty of Science STATUTE-97 1 Physics 2 Chemistry 3 Botany 4 Zoology 5 Microbiology 6 Geology 7 Mathematics 8 Statistics 9 General Education 10 Geography 11 English 12 Bio-Chemistry 13 Computer Science 14 Electronics 15 Wildlife Science 16 Instrumentation (Vocational) 17 Industrial Microbiology 18 Biotechnology 19 Immunology 20 Genetics 21 Industrial Chemistry 22 Bio Informatics

4. Faculty of Technology Including Engineering 1 Civil Engineering 2 Mechanical Engineering 3. Electrical Engineering 4. Public Health Engi. 5. Telecommunication Engi. 6. Town planning and Architecture 7. Structural Engineering 8. Production Engineering 9. Automobile Engineering 10. Textile Engineering 11. Chemical Engineering 12. English 13 Physics 14 Chemistry 15 Mathematics 16 Geology 17 Economics 18 Aeronautical Engineering 19 Industrial Engineering 20 Power Elecronics 21 Information Tech.( I.T.) 22 Electronics & Communication Engi.(E.C.) 23 Computer .Engi. 24 Bio Medical & Instrumentation Engineering 25 Mechatronics . 26 Instrumentation & Control Engineering 27 Industrial Elec. Engineering 28 Environment Engineering 29 Bio-Technology 30 Architecture Engineering 31. Chemical. Engineering ;DGq:8[rI]8q(&q_5 5. DELETED

6. Faculty of Law STATUTE-97

62

1. Jurisprudence 2. International Law(Private & Public ) 3. Constitutional Law 4. Law of Crimes 5. Law of Obligations 6. Procedural Laws 7. Law of Property & Personal Laws 8. Taxation Laws 9. Legal English 10. Human Rights Laws International Humanitarian Laws and Refugee

Laws

7. Faculty of Medicine STATUTE-97 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology 3. Bio-Chemistry 4. Pathology 5. Microbiology & Immunology 6. Pharmacology & Pharmaco Therapeutics 7. Pharmacy 8. Community Medicine 9. Forensic Medicine 10. Medicine 11 Surgery 12. Obstetrics & Gynaecology 13. Anaesthesiology 14. Ophthalmology 15. Paediatrics

16. Radiology 17. Orthopaedics 18. Otorino Larygology 19. Dermatology & Veneriology 20. Dentistry 21. Tuberculosis & Chest Diseases 22. Psychiatry 23. Cardiology 24. Cardiothoracic Surgery 25. Genito-Urinary Surgery 26. Infectious Diseases 27. Neurology 28. Neuro-Surgery 29. Paediatric Surgery 30. E.N.T. 31. Dental Meteric Science 32. Skin Veneriology Dermatology 33. Radio Therapy 34. Plastice Surgery 35. Physiotherapy

8. Faculty of Commerce STATUTE-97 1. Economics 2. English 3. Business Administration 4. Statistics 5. Commerce 6. Mercantile Law 7. General Education 8. Accounting Including Auditing 9. Banking 10. Transport 11. Economics of Cotton 12. Geography 13. Politics

63

14. Mathematics 15. Co-operation 16. Labour Welfare 17. Business Management 18. Computer Science 19. Insurance

9. Faculty of Rural Studies STATUTE-97 1. English 2. Hindi 3. Gujarati 4. History 5. Economics 6. Political Science 7. Co-operation 8. Social Studies/Rural Sociology 9. Gandhian Ideology 10. Rural Education & Psychology 11. Agriculture-Agro-Engi., Agro-Chemistry, Farm Management 12. Animal Husbandary -Dairy Development / Science ( effect from 13. Botany-Forestry-Horticulture 14. Health Education-Food and Nutrition 15. Rural Development

10. Faculty of Home Science STATUTE-97 1. English 2. Hindi 3. Biology 4. Chemistry 5. Physics 6. Microbiology 7. Bio-Chemistry 8. Physiology 9. Anatomy 10. Home Nursing 11. Ecology 12. Sociology 13. Psychology 14. Economics 15. Food & Nutrition 16. Home Management 17. Child Development 18. Clothing & Textiles 19. Home Science Education & Extension

11. Faculty of Homeopathy STATUTE-97 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology & Bio-Chemistry 3. Homoeopathic Pharmacy 4. Organ & Homoeopathic Philosophy 5. Homoeopathic Materia- Medica 6. Pathology Bacteriology and Parasitology 7. Forensic Medicine and Taxicology 8. Social and Preventive Medicine Including Health Education & Family

Planning 9. Surgery Including E.N.T. Eye.dental orthopedic and Homoeopathic

Therapeutics 10. Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Homoeopathic Therapeutics 11. Practice of Medicine and Homoeopathic Therapeutics 12. Repartory

12. Faculty of Architecture STATUTE-97 1

st Stage 2

nd Stage

Humanities & Arts Urban Design Building Materials & Construction Housing Structures Town Planning

64

Studio Lands Caping Basic of Design Project Management Media & Material Explosion Energy conscious

Architecture Senses & Sensibilities Sustainable Habitat &

Architecture Presentation Technique Research Environment Science & Services Surveying & Levelling History of Architecture Estimation & Valuation Professional Practice

13. Faculty of Business Management 1. Management Economics 2. Management Accountancy 3. Principles of Management & Organization of Behavior 4 Legal Aspect of Business & Case study 5 Quantitative Techniques 6. Computer 7. Management Control System 8 Financial Decision Analysis 9 Corporate Tax Planning 10. Security Analysis & Portfolio Management 11. International Financial Management 12. Marketing Management 13. Financial Management 14. Production Management 15. Secretarial Practice 16. Banking Co-operation 17. Compulsory English 18. Project Management 19. Enterpren Development " Provided that under the Choice base credit System there shall be mobility

across the Faculties and Universities."

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST :8[rI]8 D\H}Z SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST E,FD6 GLR[GF ;]WFZF ;FY[ D \H}Z SZJF

;[G[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

8. Faculty of Commerce STATUTE-97 20 Finance 13. Faculty of Business Management 1 Management Economics G[ AN,[ Managerial Economics

!Z(

HF[0F6

SF[d%I]8Z 5|F[U|FDZF[G[ X{1Fl6S TYF J[S[XG, :8FO U6JF V\U[GL DFGGLI S],5lTzLV[

VF5[, D\H}ZLGL ACF,L VF5JF AFAT[P

GF[\Wov l;lg0S[8GL TFP!!v!vZ__(GL;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\So$&s#5fDF\ SF[d%I]8Z

5|F[U|FDZMG[ 8LRL\U S[ GF[G 8LRL\U U6JF AFAT[ ;ZSFZzLG]\ DFU"NX"G G D/[ tIF\ ;]WL

VF[l0"P!$5 V[ALIg;DF\ ZFBJF 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[, CT]\P ;ZSFZzL TZOYL lX1F6 D\+LzLGF

5+ S|DF\So G\PJLVF.5Lq!_(5q TFP!!v!vZ__( TYF

JLVF.5Lq!!_(qTFPZ$v)vZ__( YL SF[d%I]8Z 5|FU|FDZF[G[ 8LRL\U ;[8V5DF\ U6JF TYF

T[ V\U[GL SFI"JFCL SZL lG6"IGL HF6 SZJF H6FJ[, K[P VFYL VF[l0"P!$5G[

V[ALIg;DF\YL D]ST SZJF TYF SF[d%I]8Z 5|FU|FDZF[G[ X{1Fl6S J[X[SXG, :8FO U6L T[DG[

VF[l0"P!$5vAL D]HAGF ,FISFTGF WF[Z6F[ TYF !()s!$f D]HAGF\ lGIDF[ ,FU] 5F0JF

V\U[GL DFGGLI S],5lTzLV[ VF5[, D\H}ZLG[ ACF,L VF5JF V\U[P


!Z)

lC;FA

OF.GFg; ;lDlTGL TFP_!v_&vZ_!_GL SFI"JFCL GF[\W D\H}Z SZJF AFATP

65

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ OF.GFg; ;lDlTGL TFP_!v_&vZ_!_GL SFI"JFCL

GF[\W D\H}Z SZJLP

sGF[\Wov TFP _!v_&vZ_!_GL OF.GFg; ;lDlTGL SFI"JFCL GF[ \W 5lZlXQ8 cc &$ cc

TZLS[ ;FD[, K[f

!#_

HM0F6

;ZSFZL OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 U]~ UMlJ\Nl;\C CM:5L8, v HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

GLR[GL lJUT[ GJF HM0F6 VF5JF DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZL l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ D]S[,

GJF HM0F6GL XZTM T[DH :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D]S[, XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G SZ[ TM GLR[

NXF"J[, lJUT[ ;NZC] SM,[HG[ TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"

DF8[ GJF HM0F6 VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SIF" V\U[GF DFGPS],5lTzLGF SFI"G[

ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT oov

TALAL lJnFXFBF oov sGJ]\ HM0F6f

5|YD JQF" ALPlOhLIMY[ZF5LGF VeIF;S=DM

SFDSFH S|DF\S *( ;FY[ RRF" lJRFZ6F SZJFDF\ VFJLP

!#!

HM0F6

5|D]BzL4 :JPD;ZLEF. VF,FEF. RF\0[ZF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 v ,MV[H ;\RFl,T zLDlT

JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF VF8"; SM,[H4 J\Y,L TZOYL GLR[GL lJUT[ SM,[H ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[

VFJ[, VZÒ 5Z DFGlGI S],5lTzL äFZF lGDJFDF\ VFJ[, :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF SFI"G[

ACF,L VF5JF AFAT TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VFJ[, VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

SM,[HG]\ H]G]\ ;ZGFD]\ SM,[HG]\ GJ]\ ;ZGFD]\

:JPzL D;ZLEF. VF,FEF. RF\0[ZF

,MV[H ;\RFl,T zLDTL JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF

VF8"; SM,[H VFhFN RMSGL AFH]DF\

D]PTFPJ\Y,L slHPH]GFU-f

:JPzL D;ZLEF. VF,FEF. RF\0[ZF

,MV[H ;\RFl,T zLDTL JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF

VF8"; SM,[H NM,T5ZF v #&Z_#*

jq_ A\;LWZ lJnF,I slHPH]GFU-f




0LGzLG[ SZJLP

sGM\W ovVF ;FY[ ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[GM :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, VF ;FY[

5lZlXQ8 v cc &5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!#Z

HM0F6

5|D]BzL4 ZRGF 0[J,5D[g8 ;[g8Z v ZFHSM8 TZOYL GLR[GL lJUT[ SM,[HGF ,MS[XG R[.gH

V\U[ VFJ[, VZÒ 5Z VMl0"P !$$ C (iv) VG];FZ L.I.C. lGDJF V\U[ lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

SM,[HG]\ CF,G]\ ;ZGFD]\ SM,[HG]\ GJ]\ ;ZGFD]\

ZRGF 0[J,5D[g8 ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T lS|V[XG

ALV[;0A<I] SM,[H SD"IMUL V[HI]S[XG

hMG V<SF ;M;FI8L

DJ0L %,M8

ZFHSM8v$

ZRGF 0[J,5D[g8 ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T lS|V[XG

ALV[;0A<I] SM,[H

5T\H,L :S}, V<SF ;M;FI8L

;ZNFZ GUZ D[.G ZM0 DJ0L %,M8

ZFHSM8v$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST SM,[HGF ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[ :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlT lGI]ST SZJF DFGP S],5lTzLG[ ;¿F VF5JLP

sGM\W ov;\:YFV[ ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[GL VMl0"P!$$ D]HAGL lGIT OL EZ[, K[Pf

!##

HM0F6

lGIFDSzL4 Z\UT U|]5 VMO 5MZA\NZ ;\RFl,T DCFtDF UF\WL SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP V[g0

D[G[HD[g8vZFHSM8 TZOYL SM,[HGF GFD O[ZOFZ DF8[ VFJ[, VZÒ 5Z lJRFZ6F SZL

DFGlGI S],5lTzL äFZF l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ D\H}ZL VF%IFGF SFI"G[ ACF,L

VF5JF AFATP

SM,[HG]\ H]G]\ GFD SM,[HG]\ GFD O[ZOFZ YTF GJ]\ GFD

66

Z\UT U|]5 VMO 5MZA\NZ ;\RFl,T

DCFtDF UF\WL SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP V[g0

D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8

Z\UT U|]5 VMO 5MZA\NZ ;\RFl,T ULTF\H,L

SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP V[g0 D[G[HD[g84

ZFHSM8


!#$

HM0F6

5|D]BzL4 VFXF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 v BF\EF TZOYL VFJ[, TFP_(v_ZvZ_!_ GF 5+YL

H}GvZ_!_ YL lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ GJ]\ HM0F6 5|YD JQF" ALPV[P G]\ HM0F6 VF5L

5]Go:YFl5T SZJF VFJ[, lJG\TL TYF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLGF TFPZZv_)vZ__) GF 5+ 5Z

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

SFIF",I GM\W oov

s!f ;\:YF TOZYL H}GvZ_!_ YL 5]Go:YFl5T SZJF V\U[GM 5+ VFJ[, K[P

sZf ;\:YFV[ H}GvZ__$ YL lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ GJ]\ HM0F6 VF5JF

TFP!*v_&v_#YL VZÒ SZ[,P

s#f ;\:YFG[ JQF" Z__$vZ__5 YL GJ]\ HM0F6 V[S JQF"G]\ VF5JF l;lg0S[8GL

TFP!_v_$v_$ GF 9ZFJ S|DF\S o #$ VG];FZ VF5JFDF\ VFJ[,P

s$f ;\:YFG[ ~FP&qv,FBGL V[OP0LPD]SJF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLV[ ;}RGF VF5TF ;\:YFV[

G\P$_5&$&) TFP_&v_!v_5 YL V[OP0LPD]S[,P

s5f ;\:YFG[ ZFHI ;ZSFZzL äFZF S|DF\S o ;IHv!Z_$v!5#ZvBP!

TFPZ)v_#v_5 YL H}GvZ__$ YL ;{wWF\lTS 5}J" D\H}ZL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[P

s&f ;\:YFGL JQF" Z__5vZ__& DF8[GL HM0F6 VZÒ 5Z D]SJFDF\ VFJ[, GM\W 5ZGF

VFN[X D]HA HM0F6 VZÒ VMl0"Gg;v!$$ D]HA lGIT ;DI ACFZGL CMI

GlC :JLSFZJF VG[ HM0F6 OL 5ZT SIF" V\U[GM 5+ TFPZ#v_)vZ__5 YL 5+

,bIMP

s*f ;\:YFG[ JQF" Z__&vZ__* DF8[ VZÒ SZJF H6FjI]\P

s(f ;\:YFG[ JQF" Z__5vZ__& G]\ HM0F6 VF5JFDF\ VFjI]\ G CMI H}GvZ__&YL

VFU/G]\ HM0F6 VF5L XSFI GlC T[D H6FJL 0LP0LP 5ZT SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P

s)f ;\:YFG[ TFPZ!v!ZvZ__5 GF 5+YL 5|SZ6 NOTZ[ SZJFG]\ H6FjI]\P

s!_f JQF" Z__*vZ__( DF8[ GJF HM0F6GL VZÒ VMl0"Gg;v!$$GL ;DI DIF"NFDF\

SZJF H6FjI]\P

s!!f JQF" Z__* GL HM0F6 VZÒ 5Z ;1FD VlWSFZ D\0/MV[ lJRFZ6F SZL l;lg0[8GL

TFP_Zv_(vZ__* GF 9ZFJ S|DF\S Z*s!_Zf YL ;\:YFG]\ GJ]\ HM0F6 GFD\H}Z

SZ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFXF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8v BF\EFG[ p5I]"ST GMWGF

S|DF\S v# VgJI[ VF5[, HM0F6 TYF S|DF\S v$ D}HA D}S[, V[OP0LP TYF S|DF \Sv5

D}HA ZFHI ;ZSFZzLGL ;{wWF\lTS 5}J" D\H}ZL wIFG[ ,[TF\ X{1Fl6S JQF" Z_!!v!Z

DF8[ VZÒ SZJF H6FJJ]\P

sGF[\Wov ZFHI ;ZSFZzLGM S|DF\S o ;IHv!Z_$v!5#ZvBP! TFPZZ ;%8[dAZ Z__)

GM 5+ 5lZlXQ8 v && TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!#5

DC[SDvV

I]lGJl;"8LGF V\U|[Ò VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ _! TYF 5+SFlZtJ VG]:GFTS EJGDF\ _Z

BF,L HuIFVM ;FD[ VMl0"Gg; &5 sV[f GL HMUJF. D]HA V[0CMS jIFbIFTFGL HuIF

DFl;S ~FP(4___qv OLS; 5UFZYL JMS.G .g8ZjI] äFZF EZJF DF8[GL JZ6L ;lDTLGL

TFPZZv_&vc!_ GF\ ZMH D/[, ;EFGL E,FD6M D\H}Z SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFD\F VFJ[ K[ S[ JZ6L ;lDlTGL TFP ZZv&vZ_!_ GL E,FD6M

:JLSFZJL VG[ T[ V\U[ VFG]QFF\lUS SFI"JFCL SZJLP

s!f

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ V\U|[Ò VG]:GFTS EJGGL jIFbIFTFGL

BF,L HuIF 5Z zL 0F¶P DF\S0 pHF"G[ V[0CMS jIFbIFTF TZLS[ DFl;S ~FP

(___qvGF OLS; J[TGYL 5|YD ;+GF V\T ;]WL lGD6}\S VF5JLP

sZf VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ 5+SFlZtJ VG]:GFTS EJGGL BF,L

HuIFVF[ 5Z zL 0F¶P IXJ\T lCZF6L TYF zL T'l%T jIF;G[ V[0CMS jIFbIFTF

TZLS[ DFl;S ~FP (___qvGF OLS; J[TGYL 5|YD ;+GF V\T ;]WL lGD6}\S

VF5JLP

sGM\W ovJZ6L ;lDTLGL E,FD6 ;EF ;DI[ ZH} SZJFDF \ VFJ[, Pf

67

!#&

DC[SDvV

I]lGJl;"8LGF H]NF H]NF VG]:GFTS EJGMDF\ H]NF H]NF lJQFIMGL X{1Fl6S HuIFVM 5Z

lGD6]\S DF8[GL JZ6L ;lDlTDF\ lJQFI lGQ6F\TMGL lGD6}\S SZJF DF8[ I]lGJl;"8L äFZF T{IFZ

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, V[S:58"GL IFNL D\H}Z ZFBJF lJRFZ6F YJF VY["P

sGM\W ov I]lGJl;"8L VG]:GFTS EJGMDF\ H]NF H]NF lJQFIGF\ 5|FwIF5SMGF .g8ZjI]

;DI[ DFGGLI S],5lTzL äFZF +6 lJQFI lGQ6F\TM GL lGD6}\S l;lg0S[8 äFZF DFgI SZJFDF\

VFJ[, IFNLDF\YL SZJFGM lGID K[P CF,DF\ H[ lJQFI lGQ6F\TMGL IFNL K[4 T[ 36L H]GL Y.

U. CMI4 I]lGJl;"8L äFZF H[ T[ EJGMGF\ VwI1FzLVM4 ZFHIGL VgI I]lGJl;"8LVM4

.g8ZG[8 äFZF 0FpG ,M0 SZL T[DH H[ T[ I]lGJl;"8LGL 0FIZLGF\ VFWFZ[ lJQFI lGQ6F\TMGL

IFNL T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P H[ D\H}Z SZJFGL ZC[ K[Pf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ V[S;58"GL IFNL D\H}Z SZJL TYF lGQ6FTMGF JW]

GFD q AFIM0[8F VFjI[YL IFNLDF\ pD[ZJF DFGP S],5lTzLG[ ;¿F VF5JLP

!#*

DC[SDvA

:8[rI}8v!*# D]HA R}SJJFGL YTL U[|rI].8LGL DIF"NF TFP_!v_!vZ__& YL

~FP#45_4___qvDF\YL JWFZLG[ ~FP!_4__4___qv SZJF VG[ T[ D]HA VD, SZJF

V\U[GL GF[\W ,[JF AFTP

sGF[\Wov ;]WFZ[,F :8[rI}8v!*#GF 5lZ5+ S|DF\So!!!GF S|DF\So;DGq:8[P!*#q!Z&q

Z___GF D]N'F G\P& GF 5[8F 5FZF G\PZDF\ GLR[ D]HA HF[UJF. SZ[, K[ T[ D]HA U|[rI].8LGL

DIF"NF VF5F[VF5 JWFZJFGL YFI K[P

Notwithstanding anything contained in this statute the maximum limit of

gratuity payable to the employees of this University shall be as decided by the

government of Gujarat for its employee from time to time.

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ :8[rI}8v!*# D]HA R}SJJFGL YTL U[|rI].8LGL

DIF"NF TFP_!v_!vZ__& YL ~FP#45_4___qvDF\YL JWFZLG[ ~FP!_4__4___qv

SZJF VG[ T[ D]HA VD, SZJF V\U[GL GF[\W ,[JLP

!#(

AF\WSFD

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LGL V[:8[8 SlDl8GL TFP&v*v!_GF ZF[H D/[, ;EFGL SFI"JFCL GF[ \W

D\H}Z SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ V[:8[8 SlDl8GL TFP&v*v!_GF ZF[H D/[, ;EFGL

SFI"JFCL GF[ \W D\H}Z SZJLP

sGM\W o SFI"JFCL GF[ \W 5lZlXQ8 cc &* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!#)

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF 5ZL1FF lJEFUDF\ 58FJF/FGL HuIF 5Z 5|lTDF; ~FP!5__qv

sTFP_!q_5q!_ YL ~FP#5__qvfGF OLS; 5UFZYL 5F\R JQF" DF8[ V[0CF[S WF[Z6[ OZH

AHFJTF\ zL 5|SFX ZD]EF. EFDF6LG[ 58FJF/FGL HuIFDF\ TFPZ)q_*qZ_!_ YL 5[ A[g0

~FP$$$_v**$_ + U[|0 5[ ~FP !#__GF lGIlDT 5UFZ WF[Z6DF\ lGD6}S SZJF

AFATGL GF[\W ,[JF AFATP

sGF[\Wov

s!f zL 5|SFX ZD]EF. EFDF6L V+[GF TFPZ(q_*q_5GF G\P DC[SDqZq Z_)Zq _5GF

lGD6}S5+YL ;ZSFZzLGF ;FDFgI JCLJ8 lJEFUGF ZC[DZFC[ IF[HGFGF 9ZFJ

S|DF\SoEZTvZ!)*vS4 TFP!_v_#vZ___GF 9ZFJ D]HA TYF ;ZSFZzLGF

;FDFgI JCLJ8 lJEFUGF TFP!5v_&vZ__$GF 9ZFJ S|DF\So EZT v !_Z__$

v #(5 vS GF 9ZFJGL HF[UJF. D]HA 5|YD TASS[ 5F\R JQF" DF8[ OLS; 5UFZDF\

V[0CF[S lGD6}S VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP ;NZC] 9ZFJGF S|Dv5 D]HA 5F\R JQF" AFN

;[JFVF[ ;\TF[QFSFZS H6FI TF[ lGIlDT 5UFZ WF[Z6GL HuIF ;FD[ ;DFJJFGF YFI

K[P

sZf ;ZSFZzLGF TFP_#v_#v_5GF 9ZFJ G\PEZTv!_Z__$v#(5vS GF D]NF

G\P!# D]HA lGIlDT lGD6}S VF5JFGL lJRFZ6F SZTL JBT[ D},IF\SG 5+S

wIFG[ ,[JFG]\ ZC[X[P


!$_

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LGF U\|YF,IDF\ 58FJF/FGL HuIF 5Z 5|lTDF; ~FP!5__qv sTFP_!q_5q!_ YL

~FP#5__qvfGF OLS; 5UFZYL 5F\R JQF" DF8[ V[0CF[S WF[Z6[ OZH AHFJTF\ zL

ZFH[X G8JZl;\C RFJ0FG[[ 58FJF/FGL HuIFDF\ TFPZ)q_*qZ_!_ YL 5[ A[g0

~FP$$$_v**$_ + U[|0 5[ ~FP !#__GF lGIlDT 5UFZ WF[Z6DF\ lGD6}S SZJF

68

AFATGL GF[\W ,[JF AFATP

sGF[\Wov

s!f zL ZFH[X G8JZl;\C RFJ0FG[ V+[GF TFPZ(q_*q_5GF G\P DC[SDqZqZ_)!q_5GF

lGD6}S5+YL ;ZSFZzLGF ;FDFgI JCLJ8 lJEFUGF ZC[DZFC[ IF[HGFGF 9ZFJ

S|DF\SoEZTvZ!)*vS4 TFP!_v_#vZ___GF 9ZFJ D]HA TYF ;ZSFZzLGF

;FDFgI JCLJ8 lJEFUGF TFP!5v_&vZ__$GF 9ZFJ S|DF\So EZT v !_Z__$

v #(5 vS GF 9ZFJGL HF[UJF. D]HA 5|YD TASS[ 5F\R JQF" DF8[ OLS; 5UFZDF\

V[0CF[S lGD6}S VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP ;NZC] 9ZFJGF S|Dv5 D]HA 5F\R JQF" AFN

;[JFVF[ ;\TF[QFSFZS H6FI TF[ lGIlDT 5UFZ WF[Z6GL HuIF ;FD[ ;DFJJFGF YFI

K[P

sZf ;ZSFZzLGF TFP_#v_#v_5GF 9ZFJ G\PEZTv!_Z__$v#(5vS GF D]NF

G\P!# D]HA lGIlDT lGD6}S VF5JFGL lJRFZ6F SZTL JBT[ D},IF\SG 5+S

wIFG[ ,[JFG]\ ZC[X[P


!$!

DC[SDvA

I]lGJl;"8LDF\ OZH AHFJTF\ RF[YF JU"GF SD"RFZLVF[GL JBTF[ JBTGL 5UFZ AF\W6L AFAT[

,F[S, O\0 äFZF H[ T[ SD"RFZL T[VF[GL lGD6}SGL TFZLB[ D\H}Z ;[8V5DF\ CTF S[ GlC T[

5ZtJ[GL 5}T"TF VgJI[ VF SD"RFZLVF[GL lGD6}S S|DXo BF,L 50TL HuIFVF[GF VFWFZ[

;[8V5DF\ U6JF S[ ;ZSFZzL äFZF 5[S[H IF[HGF C[9/ TFPZ$v5v)$GF 9ZFJYL VDFgI

HuIFVF[ lJlGIlDT SZ[, K[ T[ TFZLBYL U6JF T[ V\U[ lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

sGF[\Wov

s!f TFP$v(v(& YL TFP(v(v(& ;]WLGL RF[YF JU"GF SD"RFZLVF[GL JZ6L ;lDlT

äFZF ## pD[NJFZF[G[ 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJ[, VG[ Z!pD[NJFZF[GL 5|lT1FFIFNL T{IFZ

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP

sZf JZ6L ;lDlT äFZF S[ T[GL E,FD6F[ l;lg0S[8DF\ D\H}Z YIF V\U[GF 9ZFJDF\

5|lT1FFIFNLGL D]NT V\U[ SF[. :5Q8TF SZJFDF VFJ[, GCF[TL VG[ 5|lTF1FFIFNL

5ZGF H[ SD"RFZLVF[GL V,UvV,U ;DI[ lGD6}S SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP ;NZ !_

SD"RFZLVF[ 5{SL Z SD"RFZLV[F s!f zL H[PHLPhF,F sZf zL VFZPH[PE8'LG[

l;lg0S[8GL TFPZ!v5v_(GF 9ZFJ G\P$!YL V[0CF[SDF\YL C\UFDL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,

K[P T[GL VgI ( SD"RFZLVF[G[ 56 ;[8V5DF\ H[D HuIF BF,L 50[ T[D C\UFDL

U6JFGF ZC[P

s#f I]lGJl;"8L äFZF 5[S[H IF[HGF C[9/ H[ VDFgI HuIFVF[ lJlGIlDT SZ[, T[ AFAT[

TFPZ$v5v)$GF 9ZFJDF\ GLR[ D]HA NXF"J[, K[P

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LGL VDFgI HuIFVF[

;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L ZFHSF[8DF\ GLR[ H6FjIF 5|DF6[ EZFI[, #) VDFgI HuIFVF[ K[

H[GL ;FD[ CF,DF\ $$ DFgI HuIFVF[ BF,L K[P I]lGJl;"8LGL VF BF,L $$ DFgI

HuIFVF[ ZN SZLG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ EZ[, VDFgI #) HuIFVF[ lGIlDT SZJFGL D\H}ZL

VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

s$f p5I]"ST lJUT wIFG[ ,. ,F[S, O\0GF 5[ZF D]HA ;\A\lWT SD"RFZLVF[G[ lGIT

;[8V5DF\ H[D H[D HuIF BF,L 50[ T[D T[D T[ HuIF 5Z ;DFJJFGF ZC[ VG[ T[

D]HAGL ,F[S,O\0G[ 5}T"TF SZJFGL ZC[P

s5f JZ6L ;lDlT äFZF lGIlDT ZLT[ lGD6}S 5FD[,F VYJF 5|lT1FF IFNLDF\ ;DFlJQ8

YTF\ CF[I T[JF SD"RFZLVF[G[ H ;[8V5DF\ ;DFJJFGF ZC[ T[DH C\UFDL lGD6}S

U6JFGL ZC[Pf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;\A\lWT SD"RFZLVMG[ lGIT ;[8vV5DF\ H[D H[D

HuIF BF,L 50[ T[D T[D T[ HuIF 5Z ;DFJJF T[DH JZ6L ;lDlT äFZF lGIlDT ZLT[

lGD6}\S 5FD[,F VYJF 5|lT1FFIFNLDF\ ;DFlJQ8 YTF\ CMI T[JF SD"RFZLVMG[ H

;[8vV5DF\ ;DFJJF T[DH T[VMGL C\UFDL lGD6}\S U6JLP

!$Z

DC[SDvV

I]lGJl;"8LGF H]NF H]NF VG]:GFTS EJGF[DF\ OZH AHFJTF\ TYF GJ[dAZv0L;[dAZ

Z__)DF\ lGD6}S YI[, GLR[ NXF"J[, & VwIF5SF[G[ ZFHI ;ZSFZzLGF\ TFP$v!Zv_)GF\

9ZFJ D]HA K9'F 5UFZ5\R D]HAGF\ 5UFZ WF[Z6 VF5JF AFAT lJRFZ6F YJF AFATP

!P 0F[P 5\RF, V[GP V[;P ZL0Z AFIF[;FIg;

ZP 0F[P UFDLT V[GP 8LP ZL0Z lCgNL

#P 0F[P EF[IF I]P ;LP ZL0Z S[D[:8=L

69

$P S]P 58[, H[P V[RP ,[SRZZ AFIF[;FIg;

5P 0F[P SF\HLIF V[DP H[P ,[SRZZ VY"XF:+

&P zL 5ZDFZ V[DP V[DP ,[SRZZ V[DPALPV[P

sGF[\Wov ZFHI ;ZSFZzLGF\ lX1F6 lJEFUGF\ 9ZFJ S|DF\SoV[GÒ;Lq!!Z_)q#*#$qB4

TFP!!v!!v_)GL XZTs5f D]HA ZFHIGL I]lGJl;"8LVF[GF lX1FSF[GL H[8,L HuIFVF[ H[

T[ JBT[ EZFI[, CTL T[8,L HuIFVF[ 5]ZTF[ H I]HL;L D]HAGF 5UFZ WF[Z6GF[ ,FE

VF5JFGF[ ZC[TF[ CTF[P

K9'F 5UFZ5\RGF[ 9ZFJ ACFZ 50TF 5C[,F p5I]"ST HuIFVF[ DF8[GF .g8ZjI] Y.

UI[, CTF 5Z\T] l;lg0S[8GL lJRFZ6FDF\ ;NZ lGD6}SGL ACF,L D[/JJFGL AFSL CF[I H[YL

K9'F 5UFZ5\R VgJI[ DF[S,JFDF\ VFJ[, DFlCTLDF\ ;NZ lGD6}SGL HuIFVF[GF[ ;DFJ[X

YI[, G CTF[P H[GF SFZ6[ lGD6}S 5FD[,F pD[NJFZF[ K9'F 5UFZ5\R D]HAGF 5UFZWF[Z6YL

J\lRT ZC[JF 5FD[, K[P

;NZ EZTL 5|lS|IFDF\ 5;\NUL 5FD[, S],v_& pD[NJFZF[ VGFDT JU"GL 38TL

HuIFVF[ 5Z lGD6}S 5FD[, K[4 H[DF\GF\ _# pD[NJFZF[GL VF VUFpGL ;[JF I]lGJl;"8L

l;:8DGL ;\,uG SF[,[HF[DF\ K[P VG[ T[VF[ VUFpGL ;\:YFDF\ K9'F 5UFZ5\R D]HAGF[ ,FE

D[/JJF 5F+TF WZFJTF CTFP

TFP_(v_*v!_GF ZF[H lX1F6 lJEFUGF\ GFIA ;lRJzL lJS8Z D[SJFG ;FC[A

;FY[ YI[, ~A~ RRF" D]HA ;NZ SD"RFZLVF[GL lGD6}S 38TL HuIFVF[ ;FD[ YI[, CF[I

T[VF[G[ K9'F 5UFZ 5\R D]HAGF[ ,FE VF5L XSFIf

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ I]lGJl;"8LGF H]NF H]NF VG]:GFTS EJGF[DF \ OZH

AHFJTF\ TYF GJ[dAZv0L;[dAZ Z__)DF\ lGD6}\S YI[, p5Z NXF"J[, & VwIF5SF[G[

ZFHI ;ZSFZzLGF\ TFP$v!Zv_)GF\ 9ZFJ D]HA K9'F 5UFZ5\R D}HAGF\ 5UFZ WF[Z6GM

,FE VF5JMP

!$#

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFP!_v*vZ_!_GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\So# 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

9ZFJ S|DF\So#o

0LGzL4 TALAL lJnFXFBF äFZF 5LPHLP0LP V[RPV[RPV[DPlJQFIGF VeIF;S|DGF

VF[l0"Gg; 5ZtJ[ S,F; q V[JF[0"GL HF[UJF. VlWSFZ D\0/F[GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[

DFGPS],5lTzLV[ 5lZlXQ8 5|DF6[ D\H}Z SZ[, K[ H[G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP



sGF[\WovpST VF[l0"Gg; 5lZlXQ8 cc &( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[f

!$$

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFP!_v*vZ_!_GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\So !! 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

9ZFJ S|DF\So!!o

X{1Fl6S JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! GF JQF" DF8[GL ;+ jIJ:YF D\H}Z SZJF lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;+ jIJ:YF D\H}Z SZJF DFGPS],5lTzLG[ VlWS'T

SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;+ jIJ:YF D\H}Z SZJF DFGP S],5lTzLG[ ;¿F

VF5JLP

!$5

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFP!_v*vZ_!_GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\So !Z 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

9ZFJ S|DF\S o !Z

CF, Vl:TtJDF\ ZC[, VF[l0"Gg;4 5LV[RP0LPqV[DPOL,P ! YL !(GF AN,[ I]PHLP;LPGL

UF.0 ,F.G VG];FZ ;]WFZ[, 5LV[RP0LPVF[l0"Gg; ! YL !Z T[DH V[DPOL,P VF[l0"gG;

S|D G\P! YL ) DFGP S],5lTzL äFZF V[P;LPql;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ DFgITF VF5[,

K[P DFGP S],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF lJRFZ6F VY["



sGF[\Wovp5I]"ST ;]WFZ[, 5LV[RP0LPVF[l0"Gg; S|D G\P! YL !Z VG[ V[DPOL,PVF[l0"Gg;

70

S|D G\P! YL ) 5lZlXQ8 vcc &) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[f

!$&

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFP!_v*vZ_!_GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\So !$ 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

9ZFJ S|DF\So!$

lAhG[X D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFGLTFPZ(v!vZ_!_GL ;EFGL GLR[GL E,FD6 5Z

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

VFYL V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ;F\5|T DF\UG[ wIFGDF\

,.G[ I]lGJl;"8LGF V[DPALPV[PEJGDF\ ALPALPV[PqV[DPALPV[PGF[ 5F\R JQF"GF[ .g8LU[|8[0

VeIF;S|D X~ SZJF V\U[ ;3G lJRFZ6F SZJFDF\ VFJL TF[ T[ VeIF;S|D X~ SZJFGL

D\H}ZL VF5JLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ lJnFXFBFGL p5I]"ST E,FD6 D\H}Z SZJF l;lg0S[8G[

E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5I]"ST E,FD6G[ ;{wWF \lTS

D\H}ZL VF5JLP

!$*

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFP!_v*vZ_!_GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\So !5 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

9ZFJ S|DF\So!5P

lX1F6 lJnFXFBF TFP!)v$vZ_!_GF 9ZFJ S|DF\So5 VgJI[ GLR[ D]HAGL E,FD6 5ZtJ[

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

5 ;+ jIJ:YF X{1Fl6S JQF" Z_!_vZ_!!GL GSSL SZJF AFATP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ ALPV[0P4 V[DPV[0GL JQF" Z_!_vZ_!!GL ;+

jIJ:YF GLR[ D]HA ZFBJFP

ALPV[0PqV[DPV[0PGL ;+ jIJ:YF

X{1Fl6S JQF" Z_!_vZ_!!

5|YD;+ TFPZ!v5vZ_!_YL X~ SZJF

V[DPV[0PGL 5|J[X 5|lS|IFDF\ V[g8Zg; 8[:8 TFP#_v5vZ_!_YL ZFBJF V[S[0[lDS

SFplg;,G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

ALPV[0PqV[DPV[0P5|J[X VZHLGL TFP5v5vZ_!_ YL TFPZ5v5vZ_!_ ;]WL

ZFBJF V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,G[ E,FD6 K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VF[l0"Gg;v)5GL HF[UJF. VG];FZ p5I]"ST 9ZFJ

G\P!! DF\ lGIT YIF VG];FZ ;+ jIJ:YF D\H}Z SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[

K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST ;+ jIJ:YF D\H}Z SZJLP

!$(

V[S[0[lDS

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFP!_v*vZ_!_GL ;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DF\So !$_ 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

9ZFJ S|DF\So!$_o

5|FPzL ;lRGEF. 5ZLBGF TFP)v&vZ_!_GF 5+ VgJI[ GLR[ 5|DF6[ .HG[ZL ;+

jIJ;YF ZFBJFGL E,FD6 5ZtJ[ DFGPS],5lTzL äFZF .HG[ZL lJnFXFBF VG[ V[S[0[LDS

SFplg;,GL D\H}ZLGL V5[1FFV[ VF5[, ACF,LGF SFI"GL GF[\W ,[JF AFATP

;[D[:8Zv* sAWF lJQFIF[f TFP!Zv*vZ_!_ YL TFPZ(v!_vZ_!_ ;]WL

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF SFI"GL ACF,LGL GF[\W ,[JFDF\

VFJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF SFI"GL ACF,LGL GF[ \W ,[JLP

!$)

HF[0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFP!_v*vZ_!_GL ;EFGF GLR[GF 9ZFJ S=DF\S 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP 9ZFJ G\P ov !(4 !)4 Z_4 Z!4 ZZ4 Z#4 Z$4 Z54 Z&4 Z*4 Z(4 Z)4 #_4 #!4 #Z4

##4 #$4 #54 #&4 #*4 #(4 #)4 $_4 $!4 $Z4 $#4 $$4 $54 $&4 $*4 $(4 $)4

71

5_4 5!4 5Z4 5#4 5$4 554 5&4 5*4 5(4 5)4 &_4 &!4 &Z4 &#4 &$4 &54 &&4

&*4 &(4 &)4 *_4 *!4 *Z4 *#4 *$4 *54 *&4 **4 *(4 *)4 (_4 (!4 (Z4 (#4

($4 (54 (&4 (*4 ((4 ()4 )_4 )!4 )Z4 )#4 )$4 )54 )&4 )*4 )(4 ))4

!__4 !_!4 !_Z4 !_#4 !_$4 !_54 !_&4 !_*4 !_(4 !_)4 !!_4 !!!4 !!Z4

!!#4 !!$4 !!54 !!&4 !!*4 !!(4 !!)4 !Z_4 !Z!4 !ZZ4 !Z#4 !Z$4 !Z54

!Z&4 !Z*4 !Z(4 !Z)4 !#_4 !#!4 !#Z4 !##4 !#$4 !#54 !#&4 !#*4 !$!4

!$Z4 !$#4 !$$4 !$54 !$&4 !5_4 !5!4 !5Z4 !5#4 !5$4 !554 !5&4

!5*4 !5(4 !5)4 !&_4 !&!4 !&Z VG[ !&#P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL TFP !_v*vZ_!_GL ;EFGL SFI"JFCL GM\WGF 9ZFJ G\AZo !(4

!)4 Z_4 Z!4 ZZ4 Z#4 Z$4 Z54 Z&4 Z*4 Z(4 Z)4 #_4 #!4 #Z4 ##4 #$4 #54

#&4 #*4 #(4 #)4 $_4 $!4 $Z4 $#4 $$4 $54 $&4 $*4 $(4 $)4 5_4 5!4

5Z4 5#4 5$4 554 5&4 5*4 5(4 5)4 &_4 &!4 &Z4 &#4 &$4 &54 &&4 &*4 &(4

&)4 *_4 *!4 *Z4 *#4 *$4 *54 *&4 **4 *(4 *)4 (_4 (!4 (Z4 (#4 ($4

(54 (&4 (*4 ((4 ()4 )_4 )!4 )Z4 )#4 )$4 )54 )&4 )*4 )(4 ))4 !__4

!_!4 !_Z4 !_#4 !_$4 !_54 !_&4 !_*4 !_(4 !_)4 !!_4 !!!4 !!Z4

!!#4 !!$4 !!54 !!&4 !!*4 !!(4 !!)4 !Z_4 !Z!4 !ZZ4 !Z#4 !Z$4 !Z54

!Z&4 !Z*4 !Z(4 !Z)4 !#_4 !#!4 !#Z4 !##4 !#$4 !#54 !#&4 !#*4

!$!4 !$Z4 !$#4 !$$4 !$54 !$&4 !5_4 !5!4 !5Z4 !5#4 !5$4 !554

!5&4 !5*4 !5(4 !5)4 !&_4 !&!4 !&Z4 VG[ !&# 5Z RRF" lJRFZ6F CFY

WZJFDF\ VFJL CTL VG[ RRF" lJRFZ6FG[ V\T[ GLR[ NXF"jIF D]HAGF VF.8D JF.h 9ZFJM

SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTF\P

!$)s!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 VMXJF/ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL R\N=D6LA[G hJ[ZR\N D[WÒ

UM;ZF6L ALP;LPV[P SM,[H4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6

DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F

SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF sRF,] HM0F6f

ALP;LPV[P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=D

5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P GF VeIF;S=D

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VMXJF/ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL

R\N=D6LA[G hJ[ZR\N D[WÒ UM;ZF6L ALP;LPV[P SM,[H4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[

D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VMXJF/ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zLDTL R\N=D6LA[G hJ[ZR\N D[WÒ UM;ZF6L ALP;LPV[P SM,[H4 HFDGUZ TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc *_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)sZf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL H{G l;8Lhg; V[HI]S[XG ;M;FI8L ;\RFl,T zL ;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO

SMD;"4D[G[HD[g8 V[g0 SMd%I]8Z V[HI]S[XG4 J-JF6 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[

RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF,


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\W o ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ H6FJ[, K[P VF SM,[H JQFM"YL RF,[ K[ T[DF

72

VFRFI"GL EZTL SZ[, GYLP

Z ;\:YFV[ J;FJ[, SMd%I]8Z AWF H H]GF DM0[, GF K[P

# JQF" Z_!_v!! V[S JQF"GL RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL H{G l;8Lhg; V[HI]S[XG ;M;FI8L

;\RFl,T zL ;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO SMD;"4D[G[HD[g8 V[g0 SMd%I]8Z V[HI]S[XG4 J-JF6

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL H{G l;8Lhg; V[HI]S[XG ;M;FI8L

;\RFl,T zL ;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO SMD;"4D[G[HD[g8 V[g0 SMd%I]8Z V[HI]S[XG4 J-JF6








VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc *!cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)s#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;Z:JTL ;MxI, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H

VMO ,LU, :80Lh4sELRZLfZFHSM84 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF

HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

SFINF lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

5F\RD]\ JQF" ALPV[PqALPSMDPV[,PV[,PALP .g8LU|[8[0 VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S vZ_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;Z:JTL ;MxI, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO ,LU, :80Lh4sELRZLfZFHSM84 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ SFINF lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF


TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;Z:JTL ;MxI, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO ,LU, :80Lh4sELRZLfZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS



l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc*Zcc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)s$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL EFZT ;Z:JTL D\NLZ ;\;N ;\RFl,T zL S]DFZL DFIFTFgIF lAGMIEF.

UFZ0L SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 DF\UZM/ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lX1F6 lJnFXFBF sRF,] HM0F6f


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S vZ!

73

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL EFZT ;Z:JTL D\NLZ ;\;N ;\RFl,T

zL S]DFZL DFIFTFgIF lAGMIEF. UFZ0L SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 DF\UZM/ TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL EFZT ;Z:JTL D\NLZ ;\;N ;\RFl,T

zL S]DFZL DFIFTFgIF lAGMIEF. UFZ0L SM,[H VMO V[HI]S [XG4 DF\UZM/ TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc *#cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)s5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 VFZP5LPEF,M0LIF SM,[H VMO SMD;" V[g0 ALhG[; D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPALPV[P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM




JFl6HI lJnFXFBF sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 V[0JFg; :8[8[:8LS;4

SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ALhG[; D[G[HD[g8

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S vZZ

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VFZP5LPEF,M0LIF SM,[H VMO SMD;"

V[g0 ALhG[; D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ D[G[HD[g8

lJnFXFBFG]\ 4 lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[

TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\

SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VFZP5LPEF,M0LIF SM,[H VMO SMD;"

V[g0 ALhG[; D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc *$cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)s&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 SDF6L ;FIg; VG[ 5|TF5ZFI VF8"; SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL

GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] VG[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF


74

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALPV[;P;LPAFIM8[SGM,MÒ



ALPV[;P;LPDF.S=MAFIM,MÒ



ALPV[PsD]bIf DFG;XF:+

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 SDF6L ;FIg; VG[ 5|TF5ZFI VF8";

SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF

RF,] VG[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[


TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[

E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 SDF6L ;FIg; VG[ 5|TF5ZFI VF8";

SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF TYF




HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!!



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc*5cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)s*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4DCFtDF UF\WL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 zLDTL H[PH[PS]\0,LIF SMD;" SM,[H4 ZFHSM8

TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[

5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM



ALPALPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S vZ$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL4DCFtDF UF\WL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 zLDTL

H[PH[PS]\0,LIF SMD;" SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG

lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL4DCFtDF UF\WL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 zLDTL

H[PH[PS]\0,LIF SMD;" SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL



D}S[,L XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H

SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!!



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc*&cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)s(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 S0JF 5F8LNFZ SgIF S[/J6L D\0/ zLDTL Z[JFA[G VMWJÒ 58[, lJDg;

SM,[H4 DMZAL TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ

TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

75

HM0F6GL lJUT ov




ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f V\U|[Ò4 lCgNL4 U]HZFTL4 ;\:S'T4



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S vZ5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 S0JF 5F8LNFZ SgIF S[/J6L D\0/ zLDTL

Z[JFA[G VMWJÒ 58[, lJDg; SM,[H4 DMZAL TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG

lJnFXFBFG]\4 lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ VG[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 S0JF 5F8LNFZ SgIF S[/J6L D \0/ zLDTL

Z[JFA[G VMWJÒ 58[, lJDg; SM,[H4 DMZAL TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc **cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)s)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 lJ`JEFQFF VG[ ;FlCtI 5lZQFN4WFZL ;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 WFZL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f V\U[|Ò4 U]HZFTL4 ;\:S'T4 DGMlJ7FG4


ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S vZ&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJ`JEFQFF VG[ ;FlCtI 5lZQFN4WFZL

;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 WFZL TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG





VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJ`JEFQFF VG[ ;FlCtI 5lZQFN4WFZL

;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 WFZL TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc*(cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, V[g0 :JFDL lJJ[SFG\N ,MS S<IF6 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DFT]zL

N]WLA[G ELDF6L V[g0 SFXLA[G UH[ZLIF SMD;" SM,[H4 VDZF5]ZsWFGF6Lf TZOYL H]G

Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF


76

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG]\ HM0F6f


D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S vZ*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, V[g0 :JFDL lJJ[SFG\N ,MS

S<IF6 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DFT]zL N]WLA[G ELDF6L V[g0 SFXLA[G UH[ZLIF SMD;" SM,[H4

VDZF5]ZsWFGF6Lf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF


HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, V[g0 :JFDL lJJ[SFG\N

,MS S<IF6 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DFT]zL N]WLA[G ELDF6L V[g0 SFXLA[G UH[ZLIF SMD;" SM,[H4

VDZF5]ZsWFGF6Lf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF

HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[



HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF"



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc *)cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL45L5<; J[<O[Z ;M;FI8L ;\RFl,T zL DFT]zL JLPALPD6JZ ALPV[0PSM,[H4

0]lDIF6L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF

T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lX1F6 lJnFXFBFsRF,] HM0F6f


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S vZ(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5L5<; J[<O[Z ;M;FI8L ;\RFl,T zL

DFT]zL JLPALPD6JZ ALPV[0PSM,[H4 0]lDIF6L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[

lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5L5<; J[<O[Z ;M;FI8L ;\RFl,T zL

DFT]zL JLPALPD6JZ ALPV[0PSM,[H4 0]lDIF6L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc (_cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 S'Q6 V[HI]S[XG OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL lDGF1FLA[G XF\TLEF. NJ[

SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[

VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F

SZJF AFATP

77

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S vZ)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 S'Q6 V[HI]S[XG OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zLDTL lDGF1FLA[G XF\TLEF. NJ[ SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_

YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 S'Q6 V[HI]S[XG OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zLDTL lDGF1FLA[G XF\TLEF. NJ[ SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc (! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4zL pDLIF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL DClQF" NIFG\N ;Z:JTL ALPV[0PSM,[H4

8\SFZF TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v#_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL pDLIF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

DClQF" NIFG\N ;Z:JTL ALPV[0PSM,[H4 8\SFZF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6


XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL pDLIF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T zL

DClQF" NIFG\N ;Z:JTL ALPV[0PSM,[H4 8\SFZF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc(Zcc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 lXJXlST VFXLQF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;\:S'lT SM,[H VMO D[G[HD[g84 VF.P8LPSMD;"

V[g0 VF8";4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,

HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov




T'lTI JQF" ALPALPV[P5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT äFZF T[GF VC[JF,DF\ GLR[ D]HAGL XZTM

D]SJFDF VFJ[ K[P

! U|\Y5F, EZJFGL XZT[4 SFIDL VFRFI" T[DH 5LP8LPVF.P EZJFGL

XZT[

Z ,FIA|[ZLDF\ VeIF;S=D D]HAGF 5]:TSM J;FJJF

# lJnFYL"VM DF8[ lZ0L\U ~D V,U SZJMP

78

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v#!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lXJXlST VFXLQF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;\:S'lT

SM,[H VMO D[G[HD[g84 VF.P8LPSMD;" V[g0 VF8";4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6


TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S

JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lXJXlST VFXLQF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;\:S'lT

SM,[H VMO D[G[HD[g84 VF.P8LPSMD;" V[g0 VF8";4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL



;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc (#cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\\RFl,T zL ;ZNFZ 58[, DlC,F ALPV[0PSM,[H4

sHMQFL5]ZFf H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



sGM\Wovs!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, TFP &vZvZ_!_ GM TFP!(vZvZ_!_

GF ZMH D/[, K[ T[DF\ V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[Pf

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v#Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\\RFl,T zL

;ZNFZ 58[, DlC,F ALPV[0PSM,[H4 sHMQFL5]ZFf H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL

lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \\RFl,T

zL ;ZNFZ 58[, DlC,F ALPV[0PSM,[H4 sHMQFL5]ZFf H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc($cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!&f

HM0F6


JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF VF8"; SM,[H4 J\Y,L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[P sD]bIq UF{6f U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 V\U[|Ò4 ;DFHXF:+4 .lTCF;

UF{6 ;\:S'T4 DGMlJ7FG

79

GM\Wov V[,PVF.P;L GM VC[JF, TFP5v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P V[,PVF.P;LPGF

VC[JF,DF\ ;\:YFGL DF\U6L D]HAG]\ HM0F6 V[S JQF" VF5JF E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v##

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JPzL D;ZLEF. VF,FEF. RF\0[ZF

V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF VF8"; SM,[H4 J\Y,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_

YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 JPzL D;ZLEF. VF,FEF. RF \0[ZF

V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF VF8"; SM,[H4 J\Y,L TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc (5cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4ZRGF 0[J,5D[g8 ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T lS=V[XG SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_

YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[;P0A<I]P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\Wov V[,PVF.P;LPGM VC[JF, TFP Z5vZvZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P VC[JF,DF\ V[S

JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v#$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ZRGF 0[J,5D[g8 ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T lS=V[XG

SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ZRGF 0[J,5D[g8 ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T lS=V[XG

SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL


GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G

TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL




VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc (&cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, SgIF S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T ALPV[0PSM,[H4 HFDS\0MZ6F TZOYL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[0 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\W ov V[,PVF.P;LPGM VC[JF, TFPZ5vZvZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[PVC[JF,DF RF,]

HM0F6 V[S JQF" VF5JF E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v#5

80

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, SgIF S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

ALPV[0PSM,[H4 HFDS\0MZ6F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, SgIF S[/J6L D \0/ ;\RFl,T

ALPV[0PSM,[H4 HFDS\0MZ6F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc(*cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4V\HG[I OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T :JPH[PS[PZFD VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 J[ZFJ/

TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] VG[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PsD]bIq UF{6f V\U[|Ò4lCgNL4DGMlJ7FG4;\:S'T4VY"XF:+4U]HZFTL4;DFHXF:+


ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g8


T'lTI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VwIF;S=DM


5LPÒPl0P;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\W ov sVf :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIzLVMGM TFPZ*vZvZ_!_ GM

VC[JF, ;FD[, H[ V+[ TFP!&v#vZ_!_GF ZMH D/[, K[P

sAf JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! GL RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v#&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V\HG[I OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

:JPH[PS[PZFD VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[

lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] VG[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\

TYF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\

5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!!

;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V\HG[I OFpg0[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

:JPH[PS[PZFD VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,




YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc((cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

81

!$)

sZ_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL l;lwWlJGFIS V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T SMD;" V[g0 ALPALPV[PSM,[H4

HFDGUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] VG[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 ALhG[; D[G[HD[g84

SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

0LP;LPV[;PGF VeIF;S=DM






GM\W ov:YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ ALP;LPV[P VeIF;S=DDF\ +6 5|FwIF5S B]8[ K[ T[D

H6FJ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v#*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL l;lwWlJGFIS V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

SMD;" V[g0 ALPALPV[PSM,[H4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI

lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] VG[ D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6



JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL l;lwWlJGFIS V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T SMD;" V[g0 ALPALPV[PSM,[H4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,




YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc ()cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

sZ!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;NU]~ N[J zL Z6KM0 NF;Ò AF5] DlC,F CMD;FIg; SM,[H4

:JPV[DPH[PS]0\,LIF sV\U[|Ò DFwIDf4DlC,F SMD;" V[g0 ALPALPV[ SM,[H4 ZFHSM8

TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov

D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF sSFIDL HM0F6f


GM\W o s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIMGM TFP Z#vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, ;FD[,

K[P V+[ TFP !_v#vZ_!_ GF D/[, K[P

sZf :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ JQF" Z_!_ vZ_!! YL SFIDL HM0F6 VF5JF

E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v#(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;NU]~ N[J zL Z6KM0 NF;Ò AF5]

DlC,F CMD;FIg; SM,[H4 :JPV[DPH[PS]0\,LIF sV\U[|Ò DFwIDf4DlC,F SMD;" V[g0

ALPALPV[ SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\

SFIDL HM0F6 GCL\ VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;NU]~ N[J zL Z6KM0 NF;Ò AF5]

DlC,F CMD;FIg; SM,[H4 :JPV[DPH[PS]0 \,LIF sV\U[|Ò DFwIDf4DlC,F SMD;" V[g0

ALPALPV[ SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL

82

HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL


:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[


TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP !$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[

E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc )_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

sZZf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 7FG EFZTL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RF,LT 7FG EFZTL SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z

;FIg;4 ;]B5]Z TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



ALPV[;P;LPVF.P8LP5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\W ov s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIzLGM VC[JF, TFP *v#vZ_!_

;FD[, K[ H[ V+[ TFP!Zv#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

sZf :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! RF,] HM0F6GL

E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v#)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 7FG EFZTL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RF,LT 7FG

EFZTL SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ;]B5]Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 7FG EFZTL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RF,LT

7FG EFZTL SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ;]B5]Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc)!cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

sZ#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL DF6FJNZ S[/J6L D\0/ DF6FJNZ ;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4

DF6FJNZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DF6FJNZ S[/J6L D\0/ DF6FJNZ

;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 DF6FJNZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG




GM\Wov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIzLVMGM VC[JF, TFPZv#vZ_!_ GM

;FD[, K[P H[ V+[ TFP !_v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

Z :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ RF,] HM0F6GL V[S JQF" DF8[ E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DF6FJNZ S[/J6L D \0/ DF6FJNZ

;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 DF6FJNZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,




83




VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc )Zcc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

sZ$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL lJJ[S lJnF lJSF; 8=:8 ;\RFl,T SMD;" V[g0 ALPALPV[P SM,[H4 VDZ[,L



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 ALhG[;

D[G[HD[g84 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

GM\W ! ;\:YFV[ HM0F6 VZÒ GF SM,D G\P 5 DF\ H]G Z_!_ YL SFIDL HM0F6 DFU[,

K[P

Z ;\:YFV[ VMl0"Gg; !$$ D]HAGL OL EZ[, GYL

# ;\:YFV[ HM0F6 VZÒ GF SM,D G\P $ DF\ 0LP;LPV[;PGM VeIF;S=D H]G

Z__( YL VFU/ GF JQF" DF8[ V[D NXF"J[, K[P 5Z\T] JQF" Z__( DF GJ]

HM0F6 l;g0LS[8GL TFPZ)v*vZ__( GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S=DF\S !&s(f YL

GFD\H]Z SZ[, K[P

$ HM0F6 VZÒGF SM,D G\P 5 D\F H]G Z_!_ YL 0LP;LPV[;PGM VeIF;S=D

X~ SZJF DF\UTF CMJFG]\ NXF"J[, K[P

5 ;\:YFV[ VMl0"Gg; !$$ D]HAGL 0LP;LPV[;PGF VeIF;S=DGL HM0F6 OL

EZ[, GYLP

& V[,PVF.P;LPV[ RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL lJJ[S lJnF lJSF; 8=:8 ;\RFl,T SMD;"

V[g0 ALPALPV[P SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI




VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ 0LP;LPV[;P VeIF;S|DG]\ GJ]\ HM0F6 GFD\H}Z

SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL lJJ[S lJnF lJSF; 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

SMD;" V[g0 ALPALPV[P SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL






VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ 0LP;LPV[;P VeIF;S|DG] \ GJ]\ HM0F6 GFD\H}Z

SZJ]\P


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc)#cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

sZ5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;]ZEL V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T S]PV[;PALPUFZ0L

ALPV[;P0A<I]4 ALP;LPV[P V[g0 ;FIg; SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL

lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[;P0A<I]P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM


ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$Z

84

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;]ZEL V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T S]PV[;PALPUFZ0L ALPV[;P0A<I]4 ALP;LPV[P V[g0 ;FIg; SM,[H4 ZFHSM8

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;]ZEL V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T S]PV[;PALPUFZ0L ALPV[;P0A<I]4 ALP;LPV[P V[g0 ;FIg; SM,[H4 ZFHSM8








VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc )$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

sZ&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T DlC,F VF8"; VG[ SMD;" VG[

ALPALPV[PSM,[H4 ALP;LPV[P4 5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P SM,[H 4H[T5]Z TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL

GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F;


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[P sD]bI qUF{6f U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 DFG;XF:+4 V\U[|Ò

JF6LHI lJnFXFBF sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPSMD sJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;


ALPALPV[P 5NJL GF VeIF;S=DM




GM\W ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL VFRFI"4 5LP8LPVF.P EZJF SM,[HG[ H6FJJ]\ T[D H6FJ[,

K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

DlC,F VF8"; VG[ SMD;" VG[ ALPALPV[PSM,[H4 ALP;LPV[P4 5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P

SM,[H4H[T5]Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\4 JFl6HI

lJnFXFBFG]4 D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ VG[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG] RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

DlC,F VF8"; VG[ SMD;" VG[ ALPALPV[PSM,[H4 ALP;LPV[P4 5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P

SM,[H4H[T5]Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL


GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFP





VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc)5cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

sZ*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPXFC SMD;" SM,[H4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[



85

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPXFC SMD;" SM,[H4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPXFC SMD;" SM,[H4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ



HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G





VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc )& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

sZ(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL DFG; V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DFT'J\NG ALPV[0PSM,[H4l;DFZ TZOYL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wo ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIzL 0MPJQF"FA[G 5LP KLKLIF GM

TFP(v#vZ_!_GM VC[JF, ;FD[, K[P V+[ !Zv#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[,

K[P

Z JQF" Z_!_ vZ_!! GF RF,] HM0F6 GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DFG; V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

DFT'J\NG ALPV[0PSM,[H4l;DFZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DFG; V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

DFT'J\NG ALPV[0PSM,[H4l;DFZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc )*cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

sZ)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL lNjI HIMT V[HI]P8=:8 ;\RFl,T HMIFG\NF SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4

HFDGUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$&

86

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL lNjI HIMT V[HI]P8=:8 ;\RFl,T

HMIFG\NF SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL lNjI HIMT V[HI]P8=:8 ; \RFl,T

HMIFG\NF SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc)(cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s#_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 Z\UT U'5 ;\RFl,T zL DCFtDF UF\WL SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP V[g0 D[G[HD[g84

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov




ALPALPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 Z\UT U'5 ;\RFl,T zL DCFtDF UF\WL SM,[H

VMO VF.P8LP V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG

lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 Z\UT U'5 ;\RFl,T zL DCFtDF UF\WL

SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc)) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s#!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL DF,N[JÒ VM0[NZF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 0MPJLPVFZPUM-F6LIF VF8";4 SMD;"4

CMD;FIg; V[g0 VF.P8LPSM,[H4 5MZA\NZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,]


lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DF,N[JÒ VM0[NZF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 0MP

JLP VFZP UM-F6LIF VF8";4 SMD;"4 CMD;FIg; V[g0 VF.P8LPSM,[H4 5MZA\NZ TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS




87

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DF,N[JÒ VM0[NZF 8=:8 ; \RFl,T 0MP

JLP VFZP UM-F6LIF VF8";4 SMD;"4 CMD;FIg; V[g0 VF.P8LPSM,[H4 5MZA\NZ TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !__cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s#Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL V[RPV[GPNMXL VF8"; VG[ VFZPV[GPNMXL SMD;" SM,[H4 JF\SFG[Z TZOYL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v$)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[RPV[GPNMXL VF8"; VG[

VFZPV[GPNMXL SMD;" SM,[H4 JF\SFG[Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[RPV[GPNMXL VF8"; VG[

VFZPV[GPNMXL SMD;" SM,[H4 JF\SFG[Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc!_!cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s##f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL V[RPV[g0 V[RPALP SM8S SM,[H VMO ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_

YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lJ7FG lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG] HM0F6f

lãTLI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP Z5vZvZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[,

K[P VC[JF,DF\ SM,[H ;ZSFZL K[PALP;LPV[P DF8[ V[S lA<0L\UDF\ & ~D OF/J[, K[P CF,

:8FODF\ V[S lX1FS GL W8 K[P .g8ZjI]GL 5|lS=IF 8\]S ;DIDF UM9JJFDF VFJX[P ,FIA|[ZLIG

VG[ 5LP8LPVF.PGL ;[JF ;FIg; SM,[HGM :8FO VF5[ K[PV[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

GM\W ov

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[RPV[g0 V[RPALP SM8S SM,[H VMO

;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\



JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 lGID VG];FZ H~ZL

X{1Fl6S :8FO EZJFGL XZT[ D\H}Z SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

88

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[RPV[g0 V[RPALP SM8S SM,[H VMO

;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF




HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF"


VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 lGID VG];FZ

H~ZL X{1Fl6S :8FO EZJFGL XZT[ D\H}Z SZJ]\P


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !_Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s#$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ClZJ\NGF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ClZJ\NGF SM,[H4D]PD\]HSF sZFHSM8f



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



ALPV[;P;LPVF.P8LPGF VeIF;S=DM



ALPALPV[P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM



GM\WPov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP !#vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP !(vZvZ_!_

GF ZMH D/[, K[P T[DF V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ClZJ\NGF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

ClZJ\NGF SM,[H4D]PD\]HSF sZFHSM8f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG

lJnFXFBFG]\4 D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ VG[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ClZJ\NGF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

ClZJ\NGF SM,[H4D]PD\]HSF sZFHSM8f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !_# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s#5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFWFS'Q6 UF{ ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0PSM,[H4 RZF0JF

TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFWFS'Q6 UF{ ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0PSM,[H4 RZF0JF TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL

89

p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[

D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFWFS'Q6 UF{ ;[JF 8=:8 ; \RFl,T zL

T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0PSM,[H4 RZF0JF TZOYL H}GvZ__)YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL


:JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GlSS SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[


TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG] \ V[S JQF" DF8[[ VF5JF ZFHI



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc!_$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s#&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFWFS'Q6 UF{ ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0P SM,[H4 RZF0JF



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\W ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP!#vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP 5v#vZ_!_ GF

ZMH D/[, K[P T[DF V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5#


T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0P SM,[H4 RZF0JF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFWFS'Q6 UF{ ;[JF 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

zL T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0P SM,[H4 RZF0JF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc!_5cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s#*f

HM0F6


OFD";L4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPOFD";LGF VeIF;S=D

GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP!)vZvZ_!_GM VC[JF, TFP Z$vZvZ_!_ GF

ZMH D/[, K[PT[DF V[S JQF"G]\ HM0F6 VF5JF E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL XFDÒEF. CZÒEF. T/FJLIF

R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO OFD";L4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL


90




R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO OFD";L4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_

YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[,



lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!Z ;]WL A[ JQF" DF8[ VF5JF



EZJFGL ZC[X[P


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !_&cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s#(f

HM0F6


OLhIMY[ZF5L4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPOLhLIMY[ZF5LGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP Z_vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP Z#vZvZ_!_ GF


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v55


R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO OLhIMY[ZF5L4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS





R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO OLhIMY[ZF5L4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !_* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s#)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ACFpNLG ;FIg; SM,[H4 H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[

JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


lãTLI JQF" ALPV[;;LPOMZ[g;LS ;FIg;GF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ACFpN'LG ;FIg; SM,[H4 H]GFU- TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF


TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF


VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 lGID VG];FZ H~ZL

X{1Fl6S :8FO EZJFGL XZT[ D\H}Z SZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

91

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ACFpN'LG ;FIg; SM,[H4 H]GFU-

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[




lJUT[ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[


VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 lGID VG];FZ

H~ZL X{1Fl6S :8FO EZJFGL XZT[ D\H}Z SZJ]\


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !_( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 :JPDFT]zL XF\TFA[G ÒJZFHEF. SMZF8 ALPV[0PSM,[H4 H[T5]Z TZOYL H]G

Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\W ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP Z_vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFPZ$vZvZ_!_ GF


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JPDFT]zL XF\TFA[G ÒJZFHEF. SMZF8

ALPV[0PSM,[H4 H[T5]Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JPDFT]zL XF\TFA[G ÒJZFHEF. SMZF8

ALPV[0PSM,[H4 H[T5]Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !_) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 z[I; V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL lDZFdALSF ALPV[0P SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\W ov V[,PVF.P;LPGM VC[JF, TFP #v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/=[, K[P VC[JF,DF\ V[S

JQF"G]\ HM0F6 VF5JF E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 z[I; V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

lDZFdALSF ALPV[0P SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




92

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 z[I; V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

lDZFdALSF ALPV[0P SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc!!_cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 U]HZFT ptSQF" 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 5LPÒP58[, SMD;" SM,[H4DMZAL TZOYL H]G



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 U]HZFT ptSQF" 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 5LPÒP58[,

SMD;" SM,[H4 DMZAL TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 U]HZFT ptSQF" 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 5LPÒP58[,

SMD;" SM,[H4 DMZAL TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc!!!cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL HX]EF. 5FZL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL V[;PH[P9SSZ OFD";L

SM,[H4ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPOFD";L GF VeIF;S=DM

GM\W ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GM VC[JF, TFPZ$vZvZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P T[DF V[S

JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v&_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL HX]EF. 5FZL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zL V[;PH[P9SSZ OFD";L SM,[H4ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL HX]EF. 5FZL R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

zL V[;PH[P9SSZ OFD";L SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL

lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF


TFP!$v&vZ_!Z ;]WL A[ JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


EZJFGL ZC[X[P

93


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !!Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 lJnFlTY" V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 5FZ\UT ALPV[0PSM,[H4C/JN TZOYL H]G

Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] VG[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov







GM\W ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP!$vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP 5v#vZ_!_ GF


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v&!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJnFlTY" V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 5FZ\UT

ALPV[0PSM,[H4C/JN TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF

lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[


TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[

E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJnFlTY" V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

5FZ\UT ALPV[0PSM,[H4 C/JN TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[

RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6



SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !!# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$5f

HM0F6


V[gÒlGIZL\U4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

8[SGM,MÒ ;lCTGL .HG[ZL lJnFXFBF sRF,] HM0F6f

ALP.P .,[S8=MlGS; V[g0 SMdI]lGS[XG V[gÒlGIlZ\U

SMd%I]8Z V[gÒP4

.gOMD["XG 8[SGM,MÒ4

lDS[lGS, V[gÒP4

GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF TFPZ_vZvZ_!_ GF VC[JF, TFPZ$vZvZ_!_ GF

ZMH D/[, K[P VG[ V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v&Z


R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO V[gÒlGIZL\U4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ 8[SGM,MÒ ;lCTGL .HG[ZL lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6





R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFZPS[PSM,[H VMO V[gÒlGIZL\U4 +\AF sZFHSM8f TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[


94


lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!Z ;]WL A[ JQF" DF8[ VF5JF



ZC[X[P


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !!$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;F\lN5GL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T .GMJ[8LJ VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 BMZF;F

sULZf TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[P sD]bI q UF{6f lCgNL4DGMlJ7FG4 ;\:S'T4 U]HZFTL4 .lTCF;


GM\W\ov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIMGF TFP!(v#vZ_!_ GM VC[JF,

;FD[, K[P H[ V+[ TFP !)v#vZ_!_ YL D/[, K[P

Z U|FlD6 lJ:TFZDF\ VFJ[, VF SM,[H DF\ lA<0L\U ;F~ GYLPEF{lTS

;]lJWFVM GYL H[ D/JL HM.V[ T[D H6FJ[, K[P

# VFRFI"4 U|\Y5F,4 5LP8LPVF.PGYL

$ ,F.A[|ZLGL ;]lJWF GYLP

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v&#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;F\lN5GL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

.GMJ[8LJ VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 BMZF;F sULZf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[

lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,



VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST GM\WDF\ NXF"J[, AFAT[ ;\:YF 5F;[YL

5}T"TF q :5Q8TF D[/JJL P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST GM\WDF\ NXF"J[, AFAT[ ;\:YF 5F;[YL

5}T"TF q :5Q8TF D\UFJJL TYF :5Q8TF VFjI[YL ;\:YFGF HM0F6 V\U[ lG6"I ,[JF DFGP

S],5lTzLG[ ;¿F VF5JLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !!5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;JM"NI V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z

;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov




GM\W ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF TFP!)vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP Z#vZvZ_!_ GF

ZMH D/[, K[P H[DF V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v&$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;JM"NI V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T ;JM"NI SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL

lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;JM"NI V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T ;JM"NI SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z




95




VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !!& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 lJJ[S EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T lJJ[S EFZTL OFD";L SM,[H4AFD6UFD sH]GFU-f

TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov

TALAL lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

RT]Y" JQF" ALPOFD";LGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\Wov s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GF ;eIzLVMGM TFP5v#vZ_!_ GM VC[JF,

;FD[, K[P H[ TFP !5v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH V+[ D/[, K[P

sZf JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! GF RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v&5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJJ[S EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T lJJ[S EFZTL

OFD";L SM,[H4AFD6UFD sH]GFU-f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJJ[S EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T lJJ[S EFZTL

OFD";L SM,[H4AFD6UFD sH]GFU-f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL

lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF


;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


ZC[X[P


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !!* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s$)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;\S<5 XM:I, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO

VF.P8LPV[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov





ALPSMD sJ{S<5LSf SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

GM\W ov s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIMGM TFP Z(v!vZ_!_ GM VC[JF,

;FD[, K[P H[ V+[ TFP!(v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

sZf JQF" Z__)vZ_!_ GF RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v&&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;\S<5 XM:I, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO VF.P8LPV[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6

I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;\S<5 XM:I, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO VF.P8LPV[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL


96

SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GlSS SZ[, HM0F6GL

XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG] \ V[S JQF"

DF8[[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !!( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s5_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;\\S<5 XM:I, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO

VF.P8LP V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov





ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

GM\W ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP !#vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP !(vZvZ_!_GF


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v&*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;\\S<5 XM:I, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;\\S<5 XM:I, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO VF.P8LP V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 ZFHSM8 TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !!) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s5!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL lNluJHIU|FD U|FD 5\RFIT ;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4

lNluJHIU|FD TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PD]bI qUF{6 U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 V\U|[Ò4 ;\:S'T4 ;DFHXF:+4 DGM lJ7FG4

VY"XF:+4 E}UM/4


ALPSMDP sJ{S<5LSf SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84

ALhG[;D[G[HD[g8

GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFPZvZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP Z$vZvZ_!_ GF


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v&(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL lNluJHIU|FD U|FD 5\RFIT ;\RFl,T

VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 lNluJHIU|FD TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG

lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;




97

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL lNluJHIU|FD U|FD 5\RFIT ;\RFl,T

VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 lNluJHIU|FD TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s5Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 EULGL S<IF6 ;lDTL ;\RFl,T zL lJnF;FUZ .gOM8[S SM,[H4HFDGUZ



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


T'lTI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=D

GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, TFP Z$vZvZ_!_ GF D/[, K[ H[DF V[S


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v&)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 EULGL S<IF6 ;lDlT ;\RFl,T zL

lJnF;FUZ .gOM8[S SM,[H4HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 EULGL S<IF6 ;lDlT ;\RFl,T

zLlJnF;FUZ .gOM8[S SM,[H4HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL

lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ [ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6



SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s5#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ELDÒEF. JXZFDEF. 58[, V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

0LPS[PS5]ZLIF VF8"; VG[ zLDTL V[;PALPUFZ0L SMD;" SM,[H4 SF,FJ0 slXT,Ff TZOYL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PD]bI qUF{6 U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 ;\:S'T4 ;DFHXF:+4

UF{6 VY"XF:+4 DGMlJ7FG4 .lTCF;


ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8 V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 ALhG[; D[G[HD[g8

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v*_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ELDÒEF. JXZFDEF. 58[,

V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL 0LPS[PS5]ZLIF VF8"; VG[ zLDTL

V[;PALPUFZ0L SMD;" SM,[H4 SF,FJ0 slXT,Ff TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[

lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS

98




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ELDÒEF. JXZFDEF. 58[,

V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL 0LPS[PS5]ZLIF VF8"; VG[ zLDTL

V[;PALPUFZ0L SMD;" SM,[H4 SF,FJ0 slXT,Ff TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !ZZ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s5$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 5]HI ,F0SR\N DF6[SR\N JMZF SM,[H VMO VF8";qSMD;" V[g0 ;FIg;4 ;FI,F

TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[P D]bI qUF{6 U]HZFTL4lCgNL4V\U|[Ò4 VY"XF:+4 ;\:S'T4 ;DFHXF:+

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v*!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5]HI ,F0SR\N DF6[SR\N JMZF SM,[H VMO

VF8";qSMD;" V[g0 ;FIg;4 ;FI,F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5]HI ,F0SR\N DF6[SR\N JMZF SM,[H

VMO VF8";qSMD;" V[g0 ;FIg;4 ;FI,F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s55f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL S[P 5LP WM/SLIF

.gOM8[S DlC,FSM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lJ7FG lJWFXFBF s RF,] HM0F6f

ALP;LPV[P5NJLGF VeIF;S|DM

5LPÒP0LP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S|DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v*Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A,

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL S[P 5LP WM/SLIF .gOM8[S DlC,FSM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;





8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL S[P 5LP WM/SLIF .gOM8[S DlC,F SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_


99






VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s5&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL hL\\h]JF0F S[/J6L D\0/ 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VF8"; SM,[H4 hL\h\]JF0F TZOYL H]G



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f U]HZFTL4lCgNL4 V\U[|Ò4;\:S'T4 ;DFHXF:+4 VY"XF:+4

.lTCF;4 DGMlJ7FG4 E}UM/

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v*#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL hL\h]JF0F S[/J6L D\0/ 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

VF8"; SM,[H4 hL\h\]JF0F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL hL\h]JF0F S[/J6L D\0/ 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

VF8"; SM,[H4 hL\h\]JF0F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s5*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL 7FG ;F{ZE V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T XF\lTlGS[TG SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG]\ HM0F6f


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v*$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL 7FG ;F{ZE V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

XF\lTlGS[TG SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\

RF,] TYF D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F;


TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL 7FG ;F{ZE V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

XF\lTlGS[TG SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]

TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6






VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

100

!$)

s5(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL V[DPH[PUH[ZF

ALPV[0PSM,[H4VDZ[,L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lX1F6 lJnFXFBF sSFIDL HM0F6f


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v*5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A,

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL V[DPH[PUH[ZF ALPV[0PSM,[H4VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[





8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL V[DPH[PUH[ZF ALPV[0PSM,[H4VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z



SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G


lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP !$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s5)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 XF:+L :JFDL WD"ÒJGNF;Ò .g:8L8I]8 VMO .gOMD["XG 8[SGM,MÒ4H]GFU-



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[;P;LPsVF.P8LPf 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM


5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v*&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 XF:+L :JFDL WD"ÒJGNF;Ò .g:8L8I]8

VMO .gOMD["XG 8[SGM,MÒ4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 XF:+L :JFDL WD"ÒJGNF;Ò .g:8L8I]8

VMO .gOMD["XG 8[SGM,MÒ4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s&_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL 58[, S[/J6L D\0/ SM,[H VMO 8[SGM,MÒ V[g0 ALPV[0P4 H]GFU- TZOYL

H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


101

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;







V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v**

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL 58[, S[/J6L D\0/ SM,[H VMO

8[SGM,MÒ V[g0 ALPV[0P4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI

lJnFXFBFG]\4 lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF D[G[HD[g8




E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL 58[, S[/J6L D\0/ SM,[H VMO

8[SGM,MÒ V[g0 ALPV[0P4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[

RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6






VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !Z) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s&!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;\:S'lT DlC,F Z1FS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T V[,P0LPWFGF6L VF8"; SM,[H4 VDZ[,L



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PD]bIqUF{6 U]HZFTL4 V\U[|Ò4 lCgNL4 DGMlJ7FG4 VY"XF:+4 ;:S'T4

.lTCF;4 ZFHIXF:+4

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v*(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;\:S'lT DlC,F Z1FS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

V[,P0LPWFGF6L VF8"; SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;\:S'lT DlC,F Z1FS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

V[,P0LPWFGF6L VF8"; SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !#_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

102

!$)

s&Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;Z:JTL V[HI]P V[g0 R[ZLP8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL VFZP0LP UFZ0L OFD";L SM,[H4

S]P V[;PJLP58[, UFZ0L ALPV[0P SM,[H4 gIFZF4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL

lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov





V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v*)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;Z:JTL V[HI]P V[g0 R[ZLP8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zLDTL VFZP0LP UFZ0L OFD";L SM,[H4 S]P V[;PJLP58[, UFZ0L ALPV[0P SM,[H4 gIFZF4

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;Z:JTL V[HI]P V[g0 R[ZLP8=:8 ; \RFl,T

zLDTL VFZP0LP UFZ0L OFD";L SM,[H4 S]P V[;PJLP58[, UFZ0L ALPV[0P SM,[H4 gIFZF4

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFGF RF,]

HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[




ZC[X[P

VFYL JW]DF\ 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST SM,[H TZOYL H}GvZ_!_YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFGF RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS





E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !#! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s&#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;LPI]PXFC SM,[H VMO V[gÒlGIlZ\U V[g0

8[SGM,MÒ4 J-JF6 ;L8L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

8[SGM,MÒ ;lCTGL .HG[ZL lJnFXFBF sRF,] HM0F6f

ALP.P.,[S8=LS, V[g0 .,[S8=MlGS; V[gÒlGIlZ\UGF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v(_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;LPI]PXFC

SM,[H VMO V[gÒlGIlZ\U V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 J-JF6 ;L8L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL

lJUT[ 8[SGM,MÒ ;lCTGL .HG[ZL lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 JW"DFG EFZTL 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;LPI]PXFC

SM,[H VMO V[gÒlGIlZ\U V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 J-JF6 ;L8L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL

XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\



E,FD6 SZJLP

103


ZC[X[P


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !#Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s&$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL DF,N[JÒ VM0[NZF :DFZS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 0MPlJPVFZPUM-F6LIF

ALPV[0PSM,[H4 5MZA\NZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v(!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DF,N[JÒ VM0[NZF :DFZS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

0MPlJPVFZPUM-F6LIF ALPV[0PSM,[H4 5MZA\NZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[

lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DF,N[JÒ VM0[NZF :DFZS 8=:8

;\RFl,T 0MPlJPVFZPUM-F6LIF ALPV[0PSM,[H4 5MZA\NZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !## cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s&5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T zLDTL H[PH[PS]\0,LIF VF8";

VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 ;]RS ZM04 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov




ALPALPV[P5NJLGF VeIF;S=D

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v(Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L S[/J6L D\0/

;\RFl,T zLDTL H[PH[PS]\0,LIF VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 ;]RS ZM04 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI lJnFXFBF TYF D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L S[/J6L D \0/

;\RFl,T zLDTL H[PH[PS] \0,LIF VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 ;]RS ZM04 ZFHSM8 TZOYL





104


E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !#$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s&&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 5\RXL, V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 5\RXL, SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v(#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5\RXL, V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T 5\RXL,

SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5\RXL, V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

5\RXL, SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !#5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s&*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL lJnF 5|[DJW"G V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL VFI"T[H ALPV[0PSM,[H4 DMZAL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v($

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL lJnF 5|[DJW"G V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL VFI"T[H ALPV[0PSM,[H4 DMZAL TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL lJnF 5|[DJW"G V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL VFI"T[H ALPV[0PSM,[H4 DMZAL TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !#& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s&(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;\S<5 XM:I, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL CZLEF. GZE[X\SZ X]S,

ALPV[0PSM,[H ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



105

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v(5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;\S<5 XM:I, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL CZLEF. GZE[X\SZ X]S, ALPV[0PSM,[H ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;\S<5 XM:I, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL CZLEF. GZE[X\SZ X]S, ALPV[0PSM,[H ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL



T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF




VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !#* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s&)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL H]GFU- S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T ALPV[0PSM,[H4 H]GFU- TZOYL H]G



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIzL GF TFP Z#v#vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP

Z&v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P VG[ RF,] HM0F6 V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v(&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL H]GFU- S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

ALPV[0PSM,[H4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL H]GFU- S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

ALPV[0PSM,[H4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !#( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s*_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;FUZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL pSFEF. 0M0LIF DlC,F

ALPV[0PSM,[H4;LDFZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\W ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFPZ_vZvZ_!_ VC[JF, TFPZ$vZvZ_!_ GF ZMH

D/[, K[PT[DF V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v(*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;FUZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL pSFEF. 0M0LIF DlC,F ALPV[0PSM,[H4;LDFZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL

106




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;FUZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL pSFEF. 0M0LIF DlC,F ALPV[0PSM,[H4;LDFZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !#) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s*!f

HM0F6


JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF VF8"; V[g0 ALPV[;P0A<I] SM,[H4 ,MV[H TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL

lJUT[ RF,] qJWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F;


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[P sD]bIqUF{6f lCgNL4V\U[|Ò4 VY"XF:+4U]HZFTL4 ;DFHXF:+4 .lTCF;4

UF{6 ;\:S'T


T'lTI JQF" ALPV[;P0A<I]GF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v((

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JPzL D;ZLEF. VF,FEF. RF\0[ZF V[HI]S[XG

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL JLPV[DPRF\0[ZF VF8"; V[g0 ALPV[;P0A<I] SM,[H4 ,MV[H TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM

TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,




YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s*Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFDÒ ÒJFEF. C[ZDF V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL

XF\TFA[G VFZPC[ZDF ALPV[0PSM,[H4 ;TF5Z TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,]


lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM TFP!)vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFPZ$vZvZ_!_ GF


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v()

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFDÒ ÒJFEF. C[ZDF V[HI]S[XG

V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL XF\TFA[G VFZPC[ZDF ALPV[0PSM,[H4 ;TF5Z TZOYL





107

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFDÒ ÒJFEF. C[ZDF V[HI]S[XG

V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL XF\TFA[G VFZPC[ZDF ALPV[0PSM,[H4 ;TF5Z TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s*#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL J[ZFJ/ V[HI]S[XG ;M;FI8L ;\RFl,T S[PV[DP;JHF6L V[g0 zLDTL

S[PS[P;JHF6L ALP;LPV[PSM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q

JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


l0%,MDF .G SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;






GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF TFP$v#vZ_!_ GF VC[JF, V+[ TFP5v#vZ_!_ GF

ZMH D/[, K[PV[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v)_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL J[ZFJ/ V[HI]S[XG ;M;FI8L ;\RFl,T

S[PV[DP;JHF6L V[g0 zLDTL S[PS[P;JHF6L ALP;LPV[PSM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] VG[




E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL J[ZFJ/ V[HI]S[XG ;M;FI8L ; \RFl,T

S[PV[DP;JHF6L V[g0 zLDTL S[PS[P;JHF6L ALP;LPV[PSM,[H4 J[ZFJ/ TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[




lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF"



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s*$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;F{ZFQ8= 58[, V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A,8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;F{ZFQ8= SM,[H VMO

SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 VF8SM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,]


lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALP;LPV[P5NJLGF VeIF;S=D

5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

108

GM\Wov s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF TFP!#v#vZ_!_GF VC[JF, V+[

TFP!$v#vZ_!_GF ZMH D/[, K[P

sZf :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! GF RF,] HM0F6 V[S


s#f VFRFI"4 U|\Y5F, VG[ 5LP8LPVF.PGYL VG[ +6GM :8FO K[ T[D

H6FJ[, K[P

s$f SM,[HG]\ D[G[HD[g8 TNG 5KFT K[PT[D H6FJ[, K[P

s5f S[d5; GL EF{lTS ;]lJWF ;FZL K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v)!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;F{ZFQ8= 58[, V[HI]S[XG V[g0

R[ZL8[A,8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;F{ZFQ8= SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 VF8SM8

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;F{ZFQ8= 58[, V[HI]S[XG V[g0

R[ZL8[A,8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;F{ZFQ8= SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 D[G[HD[g84 VF8SM8








VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s*5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T OFD";L SM,[H4 VDZ[,L



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GM TFPZ$vZvZ_!_GM VC[JF, TFP 5v#vZ_!_ GF

ZMH D/[, K[PH[DF V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v)Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T OFD";L SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T OFD";L SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[

RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F;





ZC[X[P


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

109

!$)

s*&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ZlT,F, JWF;LIF :DFZS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;Z:JTL ALPV[;P;LPGl;"\U

SM,[H4E}TJ0 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ GJF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ


HM0F6GL lJUT ov

TALAL lJnFXFBF sGJ]\ HM0F6f

5|YD JQF" ALPV[;;LPGl;"\U

GM\Wov :YFlGS SlD8L TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GM VC[JF, TFP !5v#vZ_!_ GM

;FD[, K[PH[ V+[ TFP !5v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v)#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[VFRFI"zL4 zL ZlT,F, JWF;LIF :DFZS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zL ;Z:JTL ALPV[;;LPGl;"\U SM,[H4E}TJ0 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL

lJnFXFBFG]\ GJ]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\

5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TYF Gl;"\U SFplg;, VMO .lg0IF VG[

U]HZFT Gl;"\U SFplg;, GL D\H}ZLGL XZT[ TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!!

;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ GJ]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZlT,F, JWF;LIF :DFZS 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL ;Z:JTL ALPV[;;LPGl;" \U SM,[H4E}TJ0 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ GJF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[,


;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TYF Gl;"\U SFplg;, VMO .lg0IF VG[ U]HZFT

Gl;"\U SFplg;, GL D\H}ZLGL XZT[ TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[

ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ GJ] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL





VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s**f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL AR]EF. D[WÒEF. GF0M/F R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL JGLTFA[G

AR]EF. GF0M/F ALPV[0PSM,[H4EFRF TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GM TFPZ_vZvZ_!_GM VC[JF, TFP 5v#vZ_!_ GF


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v)$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL AR]EF. D[WÒEF. GF0M/F R[ZL8[A,

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL JGLTFA[G AR]EF. GF0M/F ALPV[0PSM,[H4EFRF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_





VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL AR]EF. D[WÒEF. GF0M/F R[ZL8[A,

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL JGLTFA[G AR]EF. GF0M/F ALPV[0PSM,[H4EFRF TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP

110


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s*(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPV[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T lX5|F SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0

8[SGM,MÒ4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



ALPV[;P;LPVF.P8LP 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM


GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GM TFP#_v!vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP Z&vZvZ_!_ GF


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v)5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPV[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T lX5|F

SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL

lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPV[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T lX5|F

SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s*)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;JM"NI V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T IFNJ SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 H]GFU-

TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,]q JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov





GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GM VC[JF, TFP $v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P H[DF V[S


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v)&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;JM"NI V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T IFNJ

SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG

lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ TYF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,



E,FD6 SZJLP


HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF TYF RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z



YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ TYF RF,] HM0F6


E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

111

!$)

s(_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 DMCG V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL EZF0 .g:8L8I]8 VMO 8LR;"

V[HI]S[XG4 S:T]ZAFWFD4 sZFHSM8f TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GF TFPZ&vZvZ_!_GM lZ5M8" VFJ[, K[PH[

V+[ TFP!#v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

sZf :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL V[ JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6

SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v)*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 DMCG V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL EZF0 .g:8L8I]8 VMO 8LR;" V[HI]S[XG4 S:T]ZAFWFD4 sZFHSM8f TZOYL





VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 DMCG V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL EZF0 .g:8L8I]8 VMO 8LR;" V[HI]S[XG4 S:T]ZAFWFD4 sZFHSM8f TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s(!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFWFS'Q6 UF{ ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0PSM,[H4RZF0JF

TZOYL H]G Z__* YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v)(


T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0PSM,[H4RZF0JF TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__* YL


D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__* YL TFP!$v&vZ__(


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFWFS'Q6 UF{ ;[JF 8=:8 ; \RFl,T zL

T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0PSM,[H4 RZF0JF TZOYL H}GvZ__*YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL


:JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L HM0F6GL XZTMGF

5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__* YL

TFP!$v&vZ__( ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ HM0F6 VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s(Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 UF{ZLX\SZ DIFX\SZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T HI U]~NT

lUZGFZL DCFZFH SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[



112

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GF ;eIzLVMGF TFPZ)v#vZ_!_GM VC[JF,

V+[ TFP Z)v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

sZf :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL V[ RF,] HM0F6 V[S JQF" VF5JFGL E,FD6

SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v))

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 UF{ZLX\SZ DIFX\SZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0

R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T HI U]~NT lUZGFZL DCFZFH SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 UF{ZLX\SZ DIFX\SZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0

R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T HI U]~NT lUZGFZL DCFZFH SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ZFHSM8








VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s(#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zLDTL VFZP0LPUFZ0L ALPV[0P SM,[H4ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL

lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GF ;eIzLVMGFM VC[JF, TFPZ&v#vZ_!_GF ZMH

D/[, K[P VG[ SFIDL HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!__

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zLDTL VFZP0LPUFZ0L ALPV[0P

SM,[H4ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6

GCL\ VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zLDTL VFZP0LPUFZ0L ALPV[0P

SM,[H4ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6GL

VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[,



ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP

!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s($f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ÒJZFHEF. AYJFZ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VF8"; SM,[H4 N[Z0L S]\EFÒ



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f V\U[|Ò4 U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 .lTCF;

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!_!

113

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ÒJZFHEF. AYJFZ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T VF8"; SM,[H4 N[Z0L S]\EFÒ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ÒJZFHEF. AYJFZ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T VF8"; SM,[H4 N[Z0L S] \EFÒ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s(5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 :JFDL EUJTl;\CÒ R[lZ8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DClQF" VZlJ\N ALPV[0PSM,[H4

ClZ5Z s5F/f4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[0P 5NJLGF GF VeIF;S=D

GM\Wov s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF V[S ;eIzLGM TFP !(v#vZ_!_ GM

VC[JF, V+[ TFP#!v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

sZf VF SM,[HG[ RF,] HM0F6 V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!_Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JFDL EUJTl;\CÒ R[lZ8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T DClQF" VZlJ\N ALPV[0PSM,[H4 ClZ5Z s5F/f4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL\ VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JFDL EUJTl;\CÒ R[lZ8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T DClQF" VZlJ\N ALPV[0PSM,[H4 ClZ5Z s5F/f4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF

RF,] HM0F6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[

GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G

TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP !$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF"



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s(&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL V[GPV[DPS\5F6L VF8"; VG[ V[PS[PXFC SMD;" SM,[H4 DF\UZM/ TZOYL H]G



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\W ov s!f :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIzLVM 0MPJQFF"A[G KLKLIF VG[ zL

V[;PV[,PJ\SF6LGF TFP (v#vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, ;FD[, K[P V+[

TFP !Zv#vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

sZf JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! GL RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

114

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!_#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[GPV[DPS\5F6L VF8"; VG[

V[PS[PXFC SMD;" SM,[H4 DF\UZM/ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[GPV[DPS\5F6L VF8"; VG[

V[PS[PXFC SMD;" SM,[H4 DF\UZM/ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !55 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s(*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 VMDSFZ V[HI]S[[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T J[,GMG SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ


HM0F6GL lJUT ov





GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL V[ V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!_$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VMDSFZ V[HI]S[[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T J[,GMG

SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG




E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VMDSFZ V[HI]S[[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

J[,GMG SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[,


E,FD6 Z_!_v!!GF AN,[ Z__)vZ_!_GF ;]WFZF ;FY[ :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[

GlSS SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[

VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_

;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s((f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ULTF\H,L R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ULTF\H,L SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0

SMD;"4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGFq RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

115

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4

0LP;LPV[;PGF VeIF;S=D




lJ7FG lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG]\ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALPV[;P;LPsVF.P8LPfGF VeIF;S=D



GM\W ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP!)v$vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP

Z&v$vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

Z :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!_5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ULTF\H,L R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

ULTF\H,L SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 SMD;"4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL

lJUT[ JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ 4 lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF D[G[HDg8 lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] VG[

lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,



E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ULTF\H,L R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

ULTF\H,L SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 SMD;"4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS



l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \

HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s()f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ,L\A0L S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T ZTGDFDF SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4,L\A0LP



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[;P;LPsVF.P8LPf 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\Wov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIzLVMGM TFP !$v$vZ_!_ GM VC[JF,

V+[ TFP !)v$vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[PVG[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ V[S


Z :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ :8FOGL EZTL SFI"JFCL RF,] K[ T[D H6FJ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!_&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ,L\A0L S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T ZTGDFDF

SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4,L\A0LP TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ,L\A0L S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T ZTGDFDF

SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4,L\A0LP TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL





116



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s)_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 EFZTLI lJnFEJG ;\RFl,T zL lCDT,F, HUÒJGNF; NMXL .gOMD["XG

8[SGM,MÒ4HFDGUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALP;LPV[ 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM


GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF ;eIzLVMGM TFP!#v$vZ_!_GM VC[JF,

TFP!)v$vZ_!_GF ZMH V+[ D/[, K[P VG[ RF,] HM0F6GL V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!_*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 EFZTLI lJnFEJG ;\RFl,T zL

lCDT,F, HUÒJGNF; NMXL .gOMD["XG 8[SGM,MÒ4HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 EFZTLI lJnFEJG ;\RFl,T zL

lCDT,F, HUÒJGNF; NMXL .gOMD["XG 8[SGM,MÒ4HFDGUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s)!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFDLGFZFI6 U]~S]/ ZFHSM8 ;\RFl,T XF:+L :JFDL zL WD"ÒJGNF;Ò

ALPV[P0P SM,[H4 TZJ0F TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM;eIzLGM VC[JF, TFP !$v$vZ_!_ GM V+[ TFP

Z*v$vZ_!_ YL D/[, K[PRF,] HM0F6 V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!_(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFDLGFZFI6 U]~S]/ ZFHSM8 ;\RFl,T

XF:+L :JFDL zL WD"ÒJGNF;Ò ALPV[P0P SM,[H4 TZJ0F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFDLGFZFI6 U]~S]/ ZFHSM8

;\RFl,T XF:+L :JFDL zL WD"ÒJGNF;Ò ALPV[P0P SM,[H4 TZJ0F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s)Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL V[GP5LPJ[SZLIF V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T U|[; SM,[H

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


117

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 ALhG[; D[G[HD[g84

SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;





GM\Wov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP Z#v$vZ_!_ GM VC[JF,

TFPZ$v$vZ_!_GF ZMH D/[, K[P

Z :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTLV[ V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v!_)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[GP5LPJ[SZLIF V[HI]S[XG V[g0

R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T U|[; SM,[H ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI

lJnFXFBFG]\4 D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[GP5LPJ[SZLIF V[HI]S[XG V[g0

R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T U|[; SM,[H ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s)#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL J'H,F, HIX\SZ VMhF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T V[PJLPH[PVMhF ALPV[0P SM,[H4

,BTZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM TFP#v$vZ_!_ GM VC[JF,

TFP!)v$vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

Z :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT V[ V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL J'H,F, HIX\SZ VMhF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

V[PJLPH[PVMhF ALPV[0P SM,[H4 ,BTZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL J'H,F, HIX\SZ VMhF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

V[PJLPH[PVMhF ALPV[0P SM,[H4 ,BTZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s)$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPXFC D[0LS, SM,[H4 HFDGUZ TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[

SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF


118

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

TALAL lJnFXFBF s SFIDL HM0F6f

V[DPALPALPV[;PGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\Wov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GF ;eIzLVM V[ TFP !)v#vZ_!_GM

VC[JF, V+[ TFP Z*v$vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

Z :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT V[ RF,] HM0F6GL V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPXFC D[0LS, SM,[H4 HFDGUZ

TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\

RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMGF

5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TYF V[DP;LPVF.PGL D\H}ZLGL XZT[ TFP!5v&vZ__) YL


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPXFC D[0LS, SM,[H4 HFDGUZ

TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFGF SFIDL

HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F;

;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TYF V[DP;LPVF.PGL D \H}ZLGL XZT[

SFIDL HM0F6 GlC VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__)YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG] \



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s)5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 JLPH[PDM-F V[HI]S[XG V[g0 8=:8 ;\RFl,T JLPH[PDM-F SM,[H VMO .gOM"D[XG

V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 5MZA\NZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov




GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GF ;eIzLGM TF[ Z&v$vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP

Z*v$vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[PJQF" Z_!_ vZ_!! G]\ RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 JLPH[PDM-F V[HI]S[XG V[g0 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

JLPH[PDM-F SM,[H VMO .gOM"D[XG V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 5MZA\NZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 JLPH[PDM-F V[HI]S[XG V[g0 8=:8

;\RFl,T JLPH[PDM-F SM,[H VMO .gOM"D[XG V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 5MZA\NZ TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s)&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;]D\U,D V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VFG\N SM,[H VMO Gl;\"U4 ZFHSM8



HM0F6GL lJUT ov

TALAL lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG]\ HM0F6f

l£TLI JQF" A[hLS ALPV[;;LPGl;"\UGF VeIF;S=DM

119

GM\Wov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GM TFP Z_v$vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP

#_v$vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[

Z :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT V[ V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;]D\U,D V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

VFG\N SM,[H VMO Gl;\"U4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;]D\U,D V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

VFG\N SM,[H VMO Gl;\"U4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[

JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL


XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM

p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s)*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ZFHSM8 GFUZLS ;CSFZL A[\S 5|[ZLT jIJ;FIL lJnF 5|lTQ9FG ;\RFl,T .gN]EF.

5FZ[B :S], VMO VFlS"8[SRZ4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

VFlS"8[SRZ lJnFXFBF sSFIDL HM0F6f

ALPVFlS"8[SRZGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\Wov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GM TFP #_v$vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, V+[ TFP

&v5vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

Z :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT V[ SFIDL HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ZFHSM8 GFUZLS ;CSFZL A[\S 5|[ZLT

jIJ;FIL lJnF 5|lTQ9FG ;\RFl,T .gN]EF. 5FZ[B :S], VMO VFlS"8[SRZ4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ VFlS"8[SRZ lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL\ VF5TF RF,]




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ZFHSM8 GFUZLS ;CSFZL A[ \S 5|[ZLT

jIJ;FIL lJnF 5|lTQ9FG ;\RFl,T .gN]EF. 5FZ[B :S], VMO VFlS"8[SRZ4 ZFHSM8

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[

SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6


D}S[,L XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[

SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s)(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 lJnFEFZTL U]HZFT 5|N[X ;\,uG zL ZTL,F, JWF;LIF :DFZS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

ALPV[0PSM,[H4 s;Z:JTL lX1F6 DCFlJnF,If E]TJ0 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL



120

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GF ;eIzLVMGM TFP (v5vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, V+[ TFP

!_v5vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P VG[ V[S JQF" RF,] JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJnFEFZTL U]HZFT 5|N[X ;\,uG zL

ZTL,F, JWF;LIF :DFZS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ALPV[0PSM,[H4 s;Z:JTL lX1F6 DCFlJnF,If

E]TJ0 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL\

VF5TF\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 lJnFEFZTL U]HZFT 5|N[X ;\,uG zL

ZTL,F, JWF;LIF :DFZS 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ALPV[0PSM,[H4 s;Z:JTL lX1F6 DCFlJnF,If

E]TJ0 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ

5ZtJ[ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[,



ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP

!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s))f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;Z:JTL .gOM8[S V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

V[g0 .gOM"D[XG 8[SGM,MÒ4 H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[;P;LP sD]bIf DF.S=MAFIM,MÒ4 AFIM8[SGM,MÒ

ALPV[;P;LPVF.P8LP5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM


0LPV[DPV[,P8LPGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GF TFP!!vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, V+[ TFP

!(vZvZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[PV[S JQF" RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;Z:JTL .gOM8[S V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 .gOM"D[XG 8[SGM,MÒ4 H]GFU- TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;Z:JTL .gOM8[S V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 .gOM"D[XG 8[SGM,MÒ4 H]GFU- TZOYL



XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\



E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

121

!$)

s!__f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;D5"6 R[ZL8[A, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG D[0LS, V[g0 lZ;R" ;\RFl,T ALPV[P0F\UZ

CMlDIM5[YL SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

CMlDIM5[YLS lJnFXFBF sSFIDL HM0F6f

ALPV[RPV[DPV[;P5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\Wov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GF ;eIzLGM lZ5M8" TFP Z#v#vZ_!_ GF ZMH

D/[, K[P

Z ;\:YFV[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ SZ[, K[P :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT ;\5]6"

:8FO EZFI tIFZ AFN SFIDL HM0F6GL E,FD6 YFI T[D H6FJL JQF"

Z_!_vZ_!! DF8[ V[S JQF"GL RF,] HM0F6 GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;D5"6 R[ZL8[A, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG D[0LS,

V[g0 lZ;R" ;\RFl,T ALPV[P0F\UZ CMlDIM5[YL SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ CMlDIM5[YLS lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL\ VF5TF RF,] HM0F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;D5"6 R[ZL8[A, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG

D[0LS, V[g0 lZ;R" ;\RFl,T ALPV[P0F\UZ CMlDIM5[YL SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL



XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[

TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP !$v&vZ_!! ;]WL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !&) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!_!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 AF5F l;TFZFD ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4ZFH],F TZOYL H]G



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4;\:S'T4 V\U[|Ò4;DFHXF:+4VY"XF:+4 .lTCF;

GM\Wov ! :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GF V[S ;eIzLGM TFP &v$vZ_!_ GM

VC[JF, V+[ TFP (v$vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P

Z SM,[HG[ RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 AF5F l;TFZFD ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VF8";

VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4ZFH],F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 AF5F l;TFZFD ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T VF8";

VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4ZFH],F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,]







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !*_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

122

!$)

s!_Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 DFT]zL DFG]A[G EF6FEF. AFZ0 V[HI]S[XG ;\RFl,T 0MPEZT AFZ0 VF8";

VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 ;]+F5F0F TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f U]HZFTL4lCgNL4;\:S'T4;DFHXF:+4 VY"XF:+



ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf V[SFpg8LgU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g8

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!!)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 DFT]zL DFG]A[G EF6FEF. AFZ0

V[HI]S[XG ;\RFl,T 0MPEZT AFZ0 VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 ;]+F5F0F TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]





V[HI]S[XG ;\RFl,T 0MPEZT AFZ0 VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 ;]+F5F0F TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !*! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!_#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;MDGFY V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;MDGFY VF8"; SM,[H4

SM0LGFZ TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PsD]bI qUF{6f V\U[|Ò4;\:S'T4U]HZFTL4CLgNL4DGMlJ7FG4;DFHXF:+4.lTCF;



GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GF ;eIzLVMGM TFPZ_v!ZvZ__) GM VC[JF, V+[

TFPZ)v5vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!Z_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;MDGFY V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T ;MDGFY VF8"; SM,[H4 SM0LGFZ TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__)

YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6

I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;MDGFY V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T ;MDGFY VF8"; SM,[H4 SM0LGFZ TZOYL H}GvZ__)YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL


:JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GlSS SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[





VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !*Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

123

!$)

s!_$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 GJI]U V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T GJI]U SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ;]B5]Zv

H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!Z!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 GJI]U V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T GJI]U

SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ;]B5]ZvH}GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 GJI]U V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T GJI]U

SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 ;]B5]ZvH}GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !*# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!_5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFDL GFZFI6 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T XF:+L :JFDL zL 3D"5|;FN NF;Ò

ALPV[0PSM,[H4pGF TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!ZZ

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFDL GFZFI6 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T XF:+L :JFDL zL 3D"5|;FN NF;Ò ALPV[0PSM,[H4 pGF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL


D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_

YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFDL GFZFI6 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T XF:+L :JFDL zL 3D"5|;FN NF;Ò ALPV[0PSM,[H4 pGF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL




YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I] "ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !*$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!_&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 GJI]U V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI SM,[H VMO ;FIg; V[g0 8[SGM,MÒv

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[;P;LPsD]bIf AFIM8[SGM,MHL4DF.S|MAFIM,MHL4S[D[:8=L

sU{F6f AM8GL4h],MHL4 OLhLS;4AFIM,MHL

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!Z#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 GJI]U V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI

SM,[H VMO ;FIg; V[g0 8[SGM,MÒv ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[

lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,

124



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 GJI]U V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI

SM,[H VMO ;FIg; V[g0 8[SGM,MÒv ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !*5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!_*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;FUZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;F{ZE VF8"; SM,[H4X[ZAFU

sU0]f TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PsD]bIqUF{6f ;DFHXF:+4 V\U[|Ò4 U]HZFTL4 ;\:S'T4 lCgNL4 .lTCF;4

VY"XF:+4 E}UM/

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v!Z$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;FUZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T ;F{ZE VF8"; SM,[H4 X[ZAFU sU0]f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;FUZ V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T ;F{ZE VF8"; SM,[H4 X[ZAFU sU0]f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,




ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !*& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!_(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 U]HZFT :8[8 5KFT JU" lJSF; D\0/ ;\RFl,T 0MP;]EFQF SM,[H VMO

V[HI]S[XG4 H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!Z5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 U]HZFT :8[8 5KFT JU" lJSF; D\0/

;\RFl,T 0MP;]EFQF SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 U]HZFT :8[8 5KFT JU" lJSF; D \0/

;\RFl,T 0MP;]EFQF SM,[H VMO V[HI]S[XG4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z

125

NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z



YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !**cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!_)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;NEFJGF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;tI 5|SFX SM,[H VMO D[GHD[g8

V[g0 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q JWFZFGF


lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



5LPÒP0LPV[P5NJL GF VeIF;S=DM



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!Z&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;NEFJGF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zL ;tI 5|SFX SM,[H VMO D[GHD[g8 V[g0 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_

YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;NEFJGF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zL ;tI 5|SFX SM,[H VMO D[GHD[g8 V[g0 SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ




lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !*( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T DlC,F ALPV[0PSM,[H4 H[T5]Z TZOYL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GM TFP Zv#vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP 5v#vZ_!_ GF

ZMH D/[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!Z*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

DlC,F ALPV[0PSM,[H4 H[T5]Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6 lJnFXFBFG]\




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

126

DlC,F ALPV[0PSM,[H4 H[T5]Z TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[



5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM

p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !*) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 A|ïRFZLzL EUJTL G\NÒ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T A|ïFG\N .g:l88I]8 VMO

8LR;" V[HI]S[XG4RF\5Z0F TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!Z(

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 A|ïRFZLzL EUJTL G\NÒ V[HI]S[XG

8=:8 ;\RFl,T A|ïFG\N .g:l88I]8 VMO 8LR;" V[HI]S[XG4 RF\5Z0F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_





VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 A|ïRFZLzL EUJTL G\NÒ V[HI]S[XG

8=:8 ;\RFl,T A|ïFG\N .g:l88I]8 VMO 8LR;" V[HI]S[XG4 RF \5Z0F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_

YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL





E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !(_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;FW] JF;JF6L SM,[H OMZ 5[ZFD[0LS, SMQFL";4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


0LPV[DPV[,P8LPGF VeIF;S=DM

;l8"OLS[8 SM;" OMZ VM5Z[XG YLV[8Z V[g0 SFl0"IM,MÒ 8[SGLxIG

;l8"OLS[8 SM;" OMZ Z[0LIMU|FOL V[g0 .D[Ò\U 8[SGLxIG

;l8"OLS[8 SM;" .G V[G[:Y[:IF V[g0 lS=8LS, S[Z 8[SGLxIG

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v!Z)

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;FW] JF;JF6L SM,[H OMZ 5[ZFD[0LS,

SMQFL";4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;FW] JF;JF6L SM,[H OMZ 5[ZFD[0LS,

SMQFL";4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL

127


GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP


lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc!(!cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL V[PVFZPEÎ SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4pGF TZOYL H]G Z__) YL

GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM


§LTLI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=DM

GM\W ov ;\:YFV[ T[GL HM0F6 VZÒGF SM,D G\P $ DF\ H6FjIF D]HA lJ7FG lJnFXFBFGM

VeIF;S=D ALPV[;P;LPVF.P8LP X~ SZ[, G CMJFG]\ H6FJ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!#_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[PVFZPEÎ SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z

;FIg;4 pGF TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ__) YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG

lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,

HM0F6GL XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\

V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL V[PVFZPEÎ SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z

;FIg;4 pGF TZOYL H}GvZ__)YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFGF


I]lGJl;"8LV[ GlSS SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF

5lZ5F,GG[ VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6




VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !(Zcc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ZFHSM8 S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T :JPV[DPH[PS]\0,LIF V[HI]S[XG V[g0 OLhLS,

V[HI]S[XG SM,[H4ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[0P5NJLGF VeIF;S=D

ALP5LPV[0P5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!#!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ZFHSM8 S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

:JPV[DPH[PS]\0,LIF V[HI]S[XG V[g0 OLhLS, V[HI]S[XG SM,[H4ZFHSM8 TZOYL





VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ZFHSM8 S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T

:JPV[DPH[PS]\0,LIF V[HI]S[XG V[g0 OLhLS, V[HI]S[XG SM,[H4ZFHSM8 TZOYL



128




E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !(# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 5F~, VFZMuI ;[JF D\0/ ;\RFl,T HJFCZ,F, GC[[~ CMlDIM5[YLS D[0LS,

SM,[H4 ,LD0F sJ0MNZFf TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[RPV[DPV[;P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=D

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!#Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5F~, VFZMuI ;[JF D\0/ ;\RFl,T

HJFCZ,F, GC[[~ CMlDIM5[YLS D[0LS, SM,[H4 ,LD0F sJ0MNZFf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL


D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_

YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5F~, VFZMuI ;[JF D\0/ ;\RFl,T

HJFCZ,F, GC[[~ CMlDIM5[YLS D[0LS, SM,[H4 ,LD0F sJ0MNZFf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL




YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I] "ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !($ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFDL lJJ[SFG\N SM,[H4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[

RF,] q JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F;


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P 5NJLGF VeIF;S=D



T'lTI JQF" ALPV[;P;LPsVF.P8LPGF VeIF;S=DMf

D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF sJWFZFG] \ HM06f


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!##

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFDL lJJ[SFG\N SM,[H4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\\ VG[




E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFDL lJJ[SFG\N SM,[H4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL




129

lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF"



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !(5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 NZAFZ zL ClDZJF/F CZ;]ZJF/F V[HI]PR[ZLPD[DMP8=:8 D[\NZ0F ;\RFl,T

VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 AL,BF TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] q JWFZFGF


lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lJGIG lJnFXFBFsRF,] HM0F6f

ALPV[P sD]bI qUF{6f V\U[|Ò4 VY"XF:+4 DGMlJ7FG4 U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 ;DFHXF:+


T'lTI JQF" ALPV[P sD]bIqUF{6f ;\:S'T

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!#$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 NZAFZ zL ClDZJF/F CZ;]ZJF/F

V[HI]PR[ZLPD[DMP 8=:8 4 D[\NZ0F ;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 AL,BF TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 NZAFZ zL ClDZJF/F CZ;]ZJF/F

V[HI]PR[ZLPD[DMP 8=:8 4 D[ \NZ0F ;\RFl,T VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 AL,BF TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ




lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF"



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !(& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!!(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 0MP;]EFQF 5LP RFJ0F VFlCZ S[/J6L D\0/ ;\RFl,T 0MP;]EFQF SM,[H VMO

HGF",LhD4 H]GFU- TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPH[PV[DP;LP5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM

GMW ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GF TFPZv5vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP #!v5vZ_!_ GF

ZMH D/[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!#5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 0MP;]EFQF 5LP RFJ0F VFlCZ S[/J6L

D\0/ ;\RFl,T 0MP;]EFQF SM,[H VMO HGF",LhD4 H]GFU- TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL

lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,










VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !(* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

130

!$)

s!!)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL 0LPV[RPSFAZLIF

VF8";4 zLDTL VFZP0LPJWF;LIF SMD;" V[g0 I]PALPEUT ;FIg; SM,[H4 VDZ[,L



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[P sD]bI qUF{6f V\U|[Ò4 lCgNL4DGMlJ7FG4 ;\:S'T4 U]HZFTL4

;DFHXF:+4OL,M;MOL


ALPSMDPsJ{S<5LSf V[SFplg8gU V[g0 OFIGFg; D[G[HD[g84 ALhG[; D[G[HD[g84

SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;


ALPV[;P;LP sD]bIqUF{6f DF.S=MAFIM,MÒ4 AFIM8[SGM,MÒ4 AFIMS[D[:8=L4 S[D[:8=L4

AFIM,MÒ

GM\Wov;\:YFV[ HM0F6 VZÒ GF SM,D G\P $ DF lJGIG lJnFXFBF G]\ ALPV[P VY"XF:+

TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ ALPV[;P;L4 ÒG[8LS; DM,[SI],Z ÒG[8LS; GF VeIF;S=D RF,]

G SZ[, CMJFG]\ H6FJ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!#&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RFl,T zLDTL 0LPV[RPSFAZLIF VF8";4 zLDTL VFZP0LPJWF;LIF SMD;" V[g0

I]PALPEUT ;FIg; SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG

lJnFXFBFG]\4 JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[

TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v(vZ_!_

;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] HM0F6


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VDZ[,L Ò<,F ,[pJF 58[, R[ZL8[A,

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zLDTL 0LPV[RPSFAZLIF VF8";4 zLDTL VFZP0LPJWF;LIF SMD;" V[g0

I]PALPEUT ;FIg; SM,[H4 VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL



D}S[,L XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[




VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !(( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!Z_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 :JPDSJF6F VDZFEF. DF6;]ZEF. V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

DFT]zL DMWL\AF DlC,F VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4 D[\NZ0F TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lJGIG lJnFXFBF sSFIDL HM0F6f

ALPV[PsD]bI q UF{6f V\U[|Ò4 U]HZFTL4 lCgNL4 ;\:S'T4 .lTCF;4 ;DFHXF:+4

VY"XF:+4 DGMlJ7FG

GMW\ov:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT GF ;eIzLVMGM TFP!&v5vZ_!_ GM VC[JF,

TFP#!v5vZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P VG[ RF,] HM0F6GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!#*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JPDSJF6F VDZFEF. DF6;]ZEF.

V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DFT]zL DMWL\AF DlC,F VF8"; VG[ SMD;" SM,[H4

D[\NZ0F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL\

VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\



VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 :JPDSJF6F VDZFEF. DF6;]ZEF.

V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T DFT]zL DMWL\AF DlC,F VF8"; VG[ SMD;"

SM,[H4 D[\NZ0F TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ SFIDL HM0F6GL

131

VZÒ 5ZtJ[ SFIDL HM0F6 GCL VF5TF RF,] HM0F6 V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z


T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF


TFP !$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !() cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!Z!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 5L5<; J[<O[Z ;M;FI8L ;\RFl,T DFT]zL JLPALPD6JZ SM,[H VMO OFD";L4

0]lDIF6L TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!$!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5L5<; J[<O[Z ;M;FI8L ;\RFl,T DFT]zL

JLPALPD6JZ SM,[H VMO OFD";L4 0]lDIF6L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5L5<; J[<O[Z ;M;FI8L ;\RFl,T DFT]zL

JLPALPD6JZ SM,[H VMO OFD";L4 0]lDIF6L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,

HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM

TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\



E,FD6 SZJLP


ZC[X[P


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !)_ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!ZZf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL NWLRL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL SD"IMUL VF8"; SM,[H4 U0] sX[ZAFUf



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPV[PsD]bI q UF{6f ;DFHXF:+4 U]HZFTL4 CLgNL4.lTCF;4

DGMlJ7FG4 ;\:S'T4 V\U|[Ò4 E}UM/

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!$Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL NWLRL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

SD"IMUL VF8"; SM,[H4 U0] sX[ZAFUf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL NWLRL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

SD"IMUL VF8"; SM,[H4 U0] sX[ZAFUf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL






132


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !)! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!Z#f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 ;F{ZFQ8= D[0LS, ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T ;LPI]PXFC OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ



HM0F6GL lJUT ov


ALPOLhLIMY[ZF5L VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!$#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;F{ZFQ8= D[0LS, ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T

;LPI]PXFC OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 ;F{ZFQ8= D[0LS, ;[g8Z ;\RFl,T

;LPI]PXFC OLhLIMY[ZF5L SM,[H4 ;]Z[gN=GUZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !)Z cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!Z$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 5LP0LPI]P CM:5L8, UJD["g8 SM,[H VMO Gl;"\U4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_

YL GLR[GL lJUT[ GJF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F;


HM0F6GL lJUT ov

TALAL lJnFXFBF sGJ] HM0F6f

5|YD JQF" A[hLS ALPV[;P;LPGl;"\U GF VeIF;S=DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!$$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5LP0LPI]P CM:5L8, UJD["g8 SM,[H VMO

Gl;"\U4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ TALAL lJnFXFBFG]\ GJ]\ HM0F6


TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM Gl;"\U SFplg;, VMO .lg0IF VG[ Gl;"\U SFplg;,

VMO U]HZFTGL D\H}ZLGL XZT[ TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S

JQF"G]\ GJ]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 5LP0LPI]P CM:5L8, UJD["g8 SM,[H VMO

Gl;"\U4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ GJF HM0F6GL


GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TYF

Gl;"\U SFplg;, VMO .lg0IF VG[ Gl;" \U SFplg;, VMO U]HZFTGL D\H}ZLGL XZT[


lJUT[ GJ]\ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF





VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !)# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!Z5f

HM0F6

VM, .g0LIF >g:8L8I]8 VMO ,MS, ;[<O UJD["g8vD]\A.G[4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L V[S8GL

S,D #& VgJI[ DFgITF 5|F%T ;\:YF TZLS[ lGIT SZ[, K[[P ;NZC] ;\:YF TZOYL H}G

Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ VeIF;S=DMG[ D\H}ZL VF5JF DF8[ HM0F6 VZÒ VFJ[, T[

5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZL V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TYF

l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ D}S[, XZTM T[DH :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[

133

D}S[, XZTMG[ VFlWG GLR[ NXF"J[, VeIF;S=DMG]\ ;NZC] .g:8L8I]8G[ TFP!5v&vZ__)

YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_ ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[ HM0F6 VF%IF V\U[GF DFGGLI S],5lTzLGF


VeIF;S=DGL lJUTov

5LPÒP0LPCM:5L8, V[g0 C[<Y S[Z D[G[HD[g8 (PGDHHM)

0L%,MDF .G O]0 8[SGM,MÒ (DFT)

0L%,MDF .G 5a,LS C[<Y ;lJ";Lh (DPHS) 5M:8 A[hLS ALPV[;P;LPsGl;"\Uf

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!$5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF



!$)

s!Z&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL ;ZSFZL SMD;" SM,[H4 C/O zL 0LPS[PJLPVF8"; VG[ ;FIg; SM,[H v

HFDGUZ TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ GJF HM0F6 VF5JF DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6

VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZL V[S[0[lDS

SFplg;, TYF l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ D]S[, HM0F6GL XZTM T[DH

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D]S[, XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G SZ[ TM GLR[ NXF"J[, lJUT[ ;NZC]

SM,[HG[ TFP !5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[ GJF HM0F6

VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SIF" V\U[GF DFGGLI S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L

VF5JF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUTov

JFl6HI lJnFXFBF sGJ] HM0F6f

5|YD JQF" ALPSMDP V[;PV[;P5LP (S.S.P.)

DFGJ ;XF\WG ;\RF,G (H.R.M.) V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!$&




!$)

s!Z*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL DCFtDF UF\WL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO

8LRZ V[HI]S[XGv VDZU- sEL\RZLf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6


SZJF AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lX1F6 lJnFXFBFov sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPV[0P 5NJLGF VeIF;S|DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!5_

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DCFtDF UF\WL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO 8LRZ V[HI]S[XGv VDZU- sEL\RZLf TZOYL





VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL DCFtDF UF\WL V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T zL V[RPV[GPX]S, SM,[H VMO 8LRZ V[HI]S[XGv VDZU- sEL\RZLf TZOYL






E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !)$ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

134

!$)

s!Z(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;MDGFY V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;MDGFY ALPV[0P SM,[H4 SM0LGFZ

TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!5!

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;MDGFY V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL

;MDGFY ALPV[0P SM,[H4 SM0LGFZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;MDGFY V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

zL ;MDGFY ALPV[0P SM,[H4 SM0LGFZ TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc!)5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!Z)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL pDLIFÒ 5lZJFZ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ALPV[0P SM,[Hv W|M, TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v!5Z

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL pDLIFÒ 5lZJFZ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T ALPV[0P SM,[Hv W|M, TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL pDLIFÒ 5lZJFZ V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T ALPV[0P SM,[Hv W|M, TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[




p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !)& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;Z:JTL ;MxI, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL xIFDÒ S'Q6 JDF"

ALPV[0P SM,[Hv ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[,


AFATP

HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!5#

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;Z:JTL ;MxI, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG 8=:8

135

;\RFl,T zL xIFDÒ S'Q6 JDF" ALPV[0P SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ;Z:JTL ;MxI, V[g0 V[HI]S[XG

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL xIFDÒ S'Q6 JDF" ALPV[0P SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !)* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#!f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFDGFY V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ZFDGFY VF8";

SM,[Hv ,L,LIF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov

lJGIG lJnFXFBFov sRF,] HM0F6f

ALPV[P sD]bIqUF{6f V\U|[Ò4 U]HZFlT4 ;\:S'T4 lCgNL4 VY"XF:+4

sU{F6f DGMlJ7FG

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!5$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFDGFY V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A,

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ZFDGFY VF8"; SM,[Hv ,L,LIF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFDGFY V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A,

8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ZFDGFY VF8"; SM,[Hv ,L,LIF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !)( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#Zf

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL S[PV[;PV[GP S6;FUZF DlC,F SM,[Hv ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL



HM0F6GL lJUT ov

JFl6HI lJnFXFBFov sRF,] HM0F6f

0L%,MDF .G SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

lJ7FG lJnFXFBFov sJWFZFG]\ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S|DM

lJGIG lJnFXFBFov s JWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALPV[;P0a<I]PGF VeIF;S|DM

D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFov sJWFZFG] \ HM0F6f

T'lTI JQF" ALPALPV[PGF VeIF;S|DM

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!55

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL S[PV[;PV[GP S6;FUZF DlC,F

SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ JFl6HI lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] TYF

lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\4 lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ VG[ D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBFG]\ JWFZFG]\ HM0F6




136

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL S[PV[;PV[GP S6;FUZF DlC,F

SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF

JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6


D}S[,L XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H

SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !)) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!##f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFlDGFZFI6 U]~S]/ ;\RFl,T zL D]S[X HFGL ALPV[0P SM,[Hv VDZ[,L



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!5&

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFlDGFZFI6 U]~S]/ ;\RFl,T zL

D]S[X HFGL ALPV[0P SM,[Hv VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL :JFlDGFZFI6 U]~S]/ ;\RFl,T zL

D]S[X HFGL ALPV[0P SM,[Hv VDZ[,L TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL




SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL



VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 ccZ__ cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#$f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL VFNX" V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL VFlNtI ALPV[0P SM,[Hv H}GFU-



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!5*

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VF AFAT ;AHI]0L; CMI ;NZC] SM,[HGF HM0F6

;\A\WL SFI"JFCL GFP U]HZFT CF.SM8"GF R}SFNF VG];FZ CFY WZJF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6

SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ GFDPU]HZFT CF.SM8"GL 0LJLhG A[ \RGF

TFP!$v5vZ_!_GF R}SFNF VgJI[ R}SFNFDF \ NXF"J[, XZTM4 V[GP;LP8LP.P äFZF

D}SJFDF\ VFJ[, XZTM TYF I]lGJl;"8L äFZF lGIT YI[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GGL XZT[

VFRFI"zL4 zL VFNX" V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL VFlNtI ALPV[0P SM,[Hv H}GFU-







137

VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc Z_! cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#5f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL EFuIMNI R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL Vl5"T ALPV[0P SM,[Hv ZFHSM8



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!5(



SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P




VFRFI"zL4 zL EFuIMNI R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL Vl5"T ALPV[0P SM,[Hv ZFHSM8







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 ccZ_Zcc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;JM"NI V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL IFNJ ALPV[0P SM,[Hv

D\U,5]ZsH}GFU-f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!5)



SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P





D\U,5]ZsH}GFU-f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL

VZÒ 5ZtJ[ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[





VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 ccZ_# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;NEFJGF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;tI5|SFX ALPV[0P SM,[Hv

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



138

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!&_



SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P



D}SJFDF\ VFJ[, XZTM TYF I]lGJl;"8L äFZF lGIT YI[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GGL XZT [

VFRFI"zL4 zL ;NEFJGF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

zL ;tI5|SFX ALPV[0P SM,[Hv ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL

lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ I]lGJl;"8LV[ GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF

:YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \ 5lZ5F,G TFPZ_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[


TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[

E,FD6 SZJLP

sGM\W ov p5I]"ST SM,[HGL HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM

VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 ccZ_$cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL V[5[1F V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ALPV[0P SM,[Hv DMZAL TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!&!



SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P


TFP!$v5vZ_!_GF R}SFNF VgJI[ R}SFNFDF\ NXF"J[, XZTM4 V[GP;LP8LP.P äFZF


VFRFI"zL4 zL V[5[1F V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ALPV[0P SM,[Hv DMZAL TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[






VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc Z_5 cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!#)f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL S,FJW"G V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL GJI]U ALPV[0P SM,[Hv

JLZ5ZsDMZALf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!&Z



SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P




VFRFI"zL4 zL S,FJW"G V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL GJI]U ALP V[0P SM,[H v

139

JLZ5ZsDMZALf TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL






VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc Z_&cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!$)

s!$_f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 :JPzL ZTGl;\CÒ ;M-F R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;\:SFZWFD ALPV[0P

SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!&#



SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P




VFRFI"zL4 :JPzL ZTGl;\CÒ ;M-F R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL ;\:SFZWFD ALPV[0P

SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL






VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 ccZ_*cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!5_

DC[SD

;DFgI lJEFUDF\ GFIA S],;lRJ TZLS[ OZH AHFJTF\ 0F[P ÒPS[P HF[XLG[ C[DJTLG\NG

AC]U]6F U-JF, I]lGJl;"8L4 zLGUZ BFT[ GFIA S],;lRJ TZLS[ HM0FJF

TFPZ*v*vZ_!_ SFIF",I ;DIAFNYL OZH D]ST SZJFGF T[DH 0F¶P HMXLG]\ V[S JQF"

DF8[ ,LIG D\H}Z SIF"GF DFGP S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

GM\W ov

s!f 0F[P ÒPS[PHF[XL4 GFIA S],;lRJ TZLS[ ;FDFgI lJEFUDF\ OZH AHFJ[ K[4 T[VF[

GFIA S],;lRJGL HuIFDF\ SFIDL SD"RFZL K[P

sZf l;lg0S[8GL TFPZ)v!v)$GF 9ZFJ G\P&Z YL V[S JQF" DF8[ ,LIG D\H}Z ZFBJF

9ZFJ[, K[P ;NZC] 9ZFJDF\ lJX[QFDF\ ;DS1F S[8[UZLDF\ HF[0FI TF[ ,LIG D\H}Z G

ZFBJF 9ZFJ[, K[ 5Z\T] 0F[P ÒPS[P HF[XLGL lGD6\}SGF 5[ A[g0 5ZtJ[ U[|0 5[ JW]

CF[I T[DH ;[g8=, I]lGJl;"8LDF\ lGD6\}S CF[I ,LIG D\H}Z SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[Pf


!5!

HM0F6

5|D]BzLq D\+LzL XFZNF lJnF D\0/ 8=:8v AFAZF TZOYL VFJ[, TFP_!q_&qZ_!_ GF

5+ VG];FZ SM,[HG]\ HM0F6 H}GvZ_!_ YL 5]Go :YFl5T SZJF VFJ[, lJG\TL 5Z

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

SFIF",I GM\Wov

s!f ;\:YFV[ T[GF TFP_!q_&qZ_!_ GF 5+DF\ H6FjIF VG];FZ 5]ZTL A[\RM J;FJL

,[JFDF\ VFJ[, K[4 NZ[S ~DDF\ AFZLv NZJFHF T{IFZ SZL ,LW[, K[4 5]ZT] OGL"RZ

VG[ ,FIA|[ZLGL jIJ:YF SZL ,[JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

AFAZF TF,]SF :TZG]\ ;[g8Z K[4 VFH] AFH] #5 SLPDLP DF\ VF8";qSMD;"

SM,[H VFJ[, GYLP VF TF,]SFDF\ prR lX1F6GL VtI\T H~lZIFT K[P

sZf ;\:YFGL JQF" Z__(vZ__) GL HM0F6 VZÒ TYF :YFPTP;P GF VC[JF, D]HA

l;lg0S[8GL TFP!Zq_!qZ__) GL ;EFGF SFDSFHvZ(s!$f D]HA ;\:yFFGL JQF"

vZ__) YL S|DXo SM,[H A\W SZJF 9ZFJ[,P

140

s#f ;\:YFGL JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! DF8[GL HM0F6 VZÒ V[S GS,DF\ VFJ[, K[P

s$f ;\:YFV[ HM0F6 VZÒ ;FY[ VMl0"G\g;v!$$ D]HAL OL DMS,FJ[, K[P

s5f ;\:YFV[ HM0F6 VZÒ ;FY[ V[RP0LPV[OP;LP A[gSGM 0LP0LPG\P(*#Z5(q5)

TFP!(q_(qZ__) GL h[ZM1F GS, AL0[, K[P

s&f ;\:YFGM JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! GL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF G\P5 DF\ NXF"J[, V;,

0LP0LP ;\:YFG[ G\PHM0F6qZqZ#_#qZ__) TFP_$q_)qZ__) YL 5ZT SZ[, K[P

s*f ;\:YFV[ SM,[H H}Gv!))( YL X~ SZ[, K[P H[GF XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G H}GvZ__(

;]WL V[S 56 JQF"GF 5lZ5F,G YI[, GYLP

s(f ;\:YFDF\ lJGIG lJnFXFBFGF _* lJQFIG]\ RF,] HM0F6 WZFJ[ K[ T[D KTF ;\:YFDF\

X{1Fl6S DFgITF 5F+ v_Z TYF 5}J" D\H}ZL 5F+v_# T[DH JFl6HI lJnFXFBFDF\

DF+v_! GL X{1Fl6S DFgITF 5|F%T v_! VwIF5SM K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST AFAT[ :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT lGI]ST SZJLP

;lDlT lGI]ST SZJFGL ;¿F TYF ;lDlTGF[ VC[JF, VFjI[YL lG6"I SZJFGL ;¿F DFGP

S],5lTzLG[ VF5JLP

!5Z

HM0F6

zL GFUZNF; J<,EÒ NFDF6L v WFZL4 TZOYL GLR[GL lJUT[ SM,[HGF ,MS[XG

R[.gH V\U[ VFJ[, VZÒ 5Z DFGlGI S],5lTzL wJFZF lGDJFDF\ VFJ[, :YFlGS

T5F; ;lDlTGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFAT TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VFJ[,



zL GFUZNF; J<,EÒ R[ZL8[A, 8=:8

;\RF,LT zLDTL XF\TFA[G NFDF6L

;FIg; SM,[H AULRF 5F;[4 D[.G ZM04

VDZ[,L ZM04 WFZLP

GJI]U V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI

SM,[H VMO ;FIg; V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4

V\AFÒ S0JF %,M8 D[.G ZM04

UZALRMS4 UM\0, ZM04 ZFHSM8P


TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, :JLSFZJM VG[ ,MS[XG R[.gHGL D\H]ZL VF5JLP



sGM\W ov ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[GM :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, VF ;FY[

5lZlXQ8 v cc Z_( cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

!5#

HM0F6

:JPOF<U]GLA[G H[PNJ[ V[HI]P V[g0 R[Z[8[A, 8=:8 ;\RF,LT W OI]RZ SMd%I]8Z

;FIg;4 JF\SFG[Z TZOYL GLR[GL lJUT[ SM,[HGF ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[ VFJ[,

VZÒ 5Z DFGlGI S],5lTzL wJFZF lGDJFDF\ VFJ[, :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF

SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFAT TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VFJ[, VC[JF, 5Z

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP


:JPOF<U]GLA[G H[PNJ[ V[HI]P V[g0

R[ZLP 8=:8 ;\RF,LT WL OI]RZ SMd%I]8Z

;FIg; SM,[H4 5|TF5ZM04 JF\SFG[Z4

:JPOF<U]GLA[G H[PNJ[ V[HI]P V[g0

R[ZLP8=:8 ;\RF,LT WL OI]RZ SMd%I]8Z

;FIg; SM,[H4 UF0"G 5[,[; Sd5Fpg04

ULZGFZ NZJFHF 5F;[4 H]GFU-

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"G[ ACF,L

VF5JL TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, :JLSFZJM VG[ ,MS[XG R[.gHGL

D\H}ZL VF5JLP



sGM\W ov ,MS[XG R[.gH V\U[GM :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGM VC[JF, VF

;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 v ccZ_) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

141

!5$

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 CZÒJG 5|E]Ò V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T G[XG, SMd%I]8Z

SM,[Hv HFDGUZ TZOYL VFJ[, TFP!#q_$qZ_!_ GF 5+ 5Z ;\:YFGL DF/BFUT

;]lJWFGF J[ZLlOS[XG DF8[ lGDJFDF\ VFJ[, :YFPTP;PGF VC[JF, 5Z lJRFZ6F SZJF

AFATP

SFIF",I GM\Wov

s!f ;\:YFGL DF/BFUT ;]lJWF T5F;JF V\U[ lGDFI[, V[,PVF.P;LP GF H6FjIF

D]HA VFRFI"zL4 CZÒJG 5|E]Ò V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

G[XG, SMd%I]8Z SM,[H 5F;[ DSFGGL 5]ZlT ;]lJWF K[P ALP;LPV[P VG[

5LPÒP0LP;LPV[P GF lJnFYL"VM DF8[ !Z_ YL JW] SMd%I]8Z K[P

sZf ;\:YFV[ T[GF TFP!#q_$qZ_!_ GF 5+DF\ H6FJ[, K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 CZÒJG

5|E]Ò V[HI]S[XG V[g0 R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T G[XG, SMd%I]8Z SM,[H VDFZL

VF ;\:YF ;\5}6" V[HI]S[XG lA<0L\U TZLS[ DCFGUZDF\YL 5;FZ YI[, K[P

VDFZL VF AFATG[ wIFGDF\ ,. VDFZL ;\:YFGM HM0F6GM lZ5M8" CSFZFtDS

J,6 V5GFJ[ T[JL VFXFP

s#f ;\:YFDF\ X{1Fl6S DFgITF JF/F !_ VwIF5SM K[ VG[ _Z VwIF5SM EZJFGL

SFI"JFCL RF,] K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ TFPZ#vZvZ_!_ GL V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL

;EFGF 9ZFJ S|DFS\ v!!! D]HA p5I]"ST ;\:YF X{1Fl6S JQF" Z_!_v!! YL

S|DXo A\W SZJFGF 9ZFJ VgJI[ ;\:YF TZOYL VFJ[, TFP!#v$vZ_!_GF 5+

;AA 1FlT 5}T"TFGL BZF. VY[" VUFp 5|YD lGDFI[, :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF

;eIzLVMG[ 5]G o ;NZC] ;\:YFGL T5F; SZL VC[JF, VF5JF H6FJJ] \ TYF ;lDlT

TZOYL ZH} YGFZ VC[JF, VgJI[ lG6"I SZJF DFGPS],5lTzLG[ ;¿F VF5JLP

!55

HM0F6

8=:8LzL4 GFUZNF; J<,EÒ NFDF6L R[ZL8[A, 8=:8v WFZL TZOYL 8=:8 8] 8=:8 O[ZOFZ

V\U[ VFJ[, VZÒ TYF SM,[HGF GFD O[ZOFZ V\U[ H[ T[ lJ:TFZGF R[ZL8L SlDxGZzL

V\TU"T VFJTL H~ZL 5|lS|IFq D\H}ZLG[ VFlWG TYF 8=:8 8] 8=:8 O[ZOFZ V\U[GL

I]lGJl;"8L £FZF H[ XZTM GSSL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ T[G]\ 5lZ5F,G SZJFGL XZT[ 8=:8 8] 8=:8

O[ZOFZ SZJFGL T[DH SM,[HGF GFD O[ZOFZ V\U[GL l;lg0S[8GL ACF,LGL V5[1FFV[

D\H}ZL VF%IF V\U[GF DFGlGI S],5lTzLGF SFI"G[ ACF,L VF5JF AFATP

;\:YFG]\ JT"DFG 8=:8 TYF SM,[HG]\ GFD 8=:8 O[ZOFZ YTF\ TYF SM,[HG]\ GFD O[ZOFZ

YTF\

zL GFUZNF; J<,EÒ NFDF6L

R[ZL8[A, 8=:8 ;\RFl,T4 zLDTL

XF\TFA[G NFDF6L ;FIg; SM,[H4 AULRF

5F;[4 D[.G VDZ[,L ZM04

WFZL

GJI]U V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T ;JM"NI

SM,[H VMO ;FIg; V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4

V\AFÒ S0JF %,M8 D[.G ZM04 UZAL RMS4

UM\0, ZM04 ZFHSM8

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ DFGP S],5lTzLGF p5I]"ST SFI"G[ ACF,L

VF5JLP

V\TDF\ VwI1FzLGM VFEFZ DFGL ;EFG]\ SFDSFH 5}~\ SZJFDF\ VFjI]\P

S],;lRJ

G\Po l;lg0q5&qZ_!_P


I]lGJl;"8L S[d5;4 I]lGJl;"8L ZF[04

ZF H SF[ 8P

TFPZ*v(vZ_!_

5|lT4

l;lg0S[8GF\ ;J[" ;eIzLVF[ TZOPPP

GS, ZJFGF oov

!P DFGPS],5lTzL qS],;lRJzLGF V\UT ;lRJzLP

ZP V[S[0[lDS VF[lO;ZzLP

142

#P 5ZL1FF lGIFDSzLP

143

l;lg0S[8 TFP!5q*qZ_!_ GL ;EFGF\ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v&5

&5

HM0F6

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,[ T[GL TFPZ#q_ZqZ_!_ GL ;EFDF\ SFDSFH S|dFF\S !_$ YL SZ[, GLR[


VFRFI"zL4 DFT]zL 0LPVFZPU-LIF V[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL DFT'D\NLZ SM,[H4 ZFHSM8



HM0F6GL lJUT oov






lälTI JQF" ALP;LPV[PGF VeIF;S=D




;\RFl,T zL DFT'D\NLZ SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ 5ZtJ[ H}GvZ_!_ YL

p5ZGL lJUT[ lJGIG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,]4 D[G[HD[g8 lJnFXFBF TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\

JWFZFG]\ TYF lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[ TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[

D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G TFP!$v5vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WLG]\ V[S JQF"G]\ RF,] TYF JWFZFG]\ HM0F6 VF5JF l;lg0S[8G[ E,FD6

SZJLP


;\RFl,T zL DFT'D\NLZ SM,[H4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL

lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFGF HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[ V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[,



ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[ TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] TYF JWFZFG] \ HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_

YL TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !) cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

144

l;lg0S[8 TFP!5q*qZ_!_ GL ;EFGF\ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v!5!

!5!

HM0F6

5|D]BzLq D\+LzL XFZNF lJnF D\0/ 8=:8v AFAZF TZOYL VFJ[, TFP_!q_&qZ_!_ GF

5+ VG];FZ SM,[HG]\ HM0F6 H}GvZ_!_ YL 5]Go :YFl5T SZJF VFJ[, lJG\TL 5Z

lJRFZ6F SZJF AFATP

SFIF",I GM\Wov

s!f ;\:YFV[ T[GF TFP_!q_&qZ_!_ GF 5+DF\ H6FjIF VG];FZ 5]ZTL A[\RM J;FJL

,[JFDF\ VFJ[, K[4 NZ[S ~DDF\ AFZLv NZJFHF T{IFZ SZL ,LW[, K[4 5]ZT] OGL"RZ

VG[ ,FIA|[ZLGL jIJ:YF SZL ,[JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

AFAZF TF,]SF :TZG]\ ;[g8Z K[4 VFH] AFH] #5 SLPDLP DF\ VF8";qSMD;"

SM,[H VFJ[, GYLP VF TF,]SFDF\ prR lX1F6GL VtI\T H~lZIFT K[P

sZf ;\:YFGL JQF" Z__(vZ__) GL HM0F6 VZÒ TYF :YFPTP;P GF VC[JF, D]HA

l;lg0S[8GL TFP!Zq_!qZ__) GL ;EFGF SFDSFHvZ(s!$f D]HA ;\:yFFGL JQF"

vZ__) YL S|DXo SM,[H A\W SZJF 9ZFJ[,P

s#f ;\:YFGL JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! DF8[GL HM0F6 VZÒ V[S GS,DF\ VFJ[, K[P

s$f ;\:YFV[ HM0F6 VZÒ ;FY[ VMl0"G\g;v!$$ D]HAL OL DMS,FJ[, K[P

s5f ;\:YFV[ HM0F6 VZÒ ;FY[ V[RP0LPV[OP;LP A[gSGM 0LP0LPG\P(*#Z5(q5)

TFP!(q_(qZ__) GL h[ZM1F GS, AL0[, K[P

s&f ;\:YFGM JQF" Z_!_vZ_!! GL VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF G\P5 DF\ NXF"J[, V;,

0LP0LP ;\:YFG[ G\PHM0F6qZqZ#_#qZ__) TFP_$q_)qZ__) YL 5ZT SZ[, K[P

s*f ;\:YFV[ SM,[H H}Gv!))( YL X~ SZ[, K[P H[GF XZTMGF 5lZ5F,G H}GvZ__(

;]WL V[S 56 JQF"GF 5lZ5F,G YI[, GYLP

s(f ;\:YFDF\ lJGIG lJnFXFBFGF _* lJQFIG]\ RF,] HM0F6 WZFJ[ K[ T[D KTF ;\:YFDF\

X{1Fl6S DFgITF 5F+ v_Z TYF 5}J" D\H}ZL 5F+v_# T[DH JFl6HI lJnFXFBFDF\

DF+v_! GL X{1Fl6S DFgITF 5|F%T v_! VwIF5SM K[P

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ p5I]"ST AFAT[ :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlT lGI]ST SZJLP

;lDlT lGI]ST SZJFGL ;¿F TYF ;lDlTGF[ VC[JF, VFjI[YL lG6"I SZJFGL ;¿F DFGP

S],5lTzLG[ VF5JLP

145

l;lg0S[8 TFP!5q*qZ_!_ GL ;EFGF\ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v!$)s!#&f

!$)

s!#&f

HM0F6


D\U,5]ZsH}GFU-f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!5)



SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P





D\U,5]ZsH}GFU-f TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL






VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 ccZ_# cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

146

l;lg0S[8 TFP!5q*qZ_!_ GL ;EFGF\ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v!$)s#&f

!$)

s#&f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFWFS'Q6 UF{ ;[JF 8=:8 ;\RFl,T zL T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0P SM,[H4 RZF0JF



HM0F6GL lJUT ov



GM\W ov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGMTFP!#vZvZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP 5v#vZ_!_ GF


V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v5#


T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0P SM,[H4 RZF0JF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lX1F6




VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 zL ZFWFS'Q6 UF{ ;[JF 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

zL T[H[gN=5|;FNÒ ALPV[0P SM,[H4 RZF0JF TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[,







VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc!_5cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

147

l;lg0S[8 TFP!5q*qZ_!_ GL ;EFGF\ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v!$)s(*f

!$)

s(*f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 VMDSFZ V[HI]S[[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T J[,GMG SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4

ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z__) YL GLR[GL lJUT[ JWFZFGF HM0F6 DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ


HM0F6GL lJUT ov





GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL V[ V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v!_$

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VMDSFZ V[HI]S[[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T J[,GMG

SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG




E,FD6 SZJLP

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 VMDSFZ V[HI]S[[XG 8=:8 ; \RFl,T

J[,GMG SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H}GvZ__) YL p5Z NXF"J[,


E,FD6 Z_!_v!!GF AN,[ Z__)vZ_!_GF ;]WFZF ;FY[ :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[

GlSS SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMGF 5lZ5F,GG[

VFlWG p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ__) YL TFP!$v&vZ_!_

;]WLG]\ V[S JQF" DF8[[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6 SZJLP


VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !5& cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

148

l;lg0S[8 TFP!5q*qZ_!_ GL ;EFGF\ 9ZFJ S|DF\S v!$)s*(f

!$)

s*(f

HM0F6

VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPV[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T lX5|F SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg;

V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL H]G Z_!_ YL GLR[GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6

DF8[ VFJ[, HM0F6 VZÒ TYF T[ 5ZtJ[GF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTGF VC[JF,


HM0F6GL lJUT ov



ALPV[;P;LPVF.P8LP 5NJLGF VeIF;S=DM


GM\Wov :YFlGS T5F; ;lDTL GM TFP#_v!vZ_!_ GM VC[JF, TFP

Z&vZvZ_!_ GF ZMH D/[, K[P H[DF V[S JQF"GL E,FD6 SZ[, K[P

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;, TFP !_v*vZ_!_ 9ZFJ S|DF \S v)5

VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPV[HI]S[XG 8=:8 ;\RFl,T

lX5|F SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5ZGL lJUT[ lJ7FG lJnFXFBFG]\ RF,] HM0F6 I]lGJl;"8LV[

TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[, HM0F6GL XZTMG]\ 5lZ5F,G

TFPZ_v(vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ SZ[ TM TFP!5v&vZ_!_ YL TFP!$v&vZ_!!


VFYL 9ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ VFRFI"zL4 V[DP5LPV[HI]S[XG 8=:8

;\RFl,T lX5|F SM,[H VMO SMd%I]8Z ;FIg; V[g0 8[SGM,MÒ4 ZFHSM8 TZOYL

H}GvZ_!_ YL p5Z NXF"J[, HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6GL VZÒ 5ZtJ[

V[S[0[lDS SFplg;,GL p5Z H6FJ[, E,FD6 :JLSFZJL VG[ I]lGJl;"8LV[

GSSL SZ[, HM0F6GL XZTM TYF :YFlGS T5F; ;lDlTV[ D}S[,L XZTMG] \

5lZ5F,G TFP Z_v)vZ_!_ ;]WLDF\ l;lg0S[8G[ ;\TMQF YFI T[ ZLT[ SM,[H SZ[

TM p5I]"ST HM0F6GL lJUT[ RF,] HM0F6 TFP!5v&vZ_!_YL

TFP!$v&vZ_!! ;]WL V[S JQF" DF8[ VF5JF ZFHI ;ZSFZzLG[ E,FD6

SZJLP


;lDlTGM VC[JF, VF ;FY[ 5lZlXQ8 cc !$* cc TZLS[ ;FD[, K[Pf

lwt ljefugf j0fvf[p...lwt ljefugf j0fvf[p ... 7

Documents