joints and their classification bony joints fibrous joints cartilaginous joints synovial joints...
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Joints and their classification bony joints fibrous joints cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
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Arthrology = study of the joints Kinesiology = study of musculoskeletal
movement Classified by freedom of movement
diarthrosis (freely movable) amphiarthrosis (slightly movable) synarthrosis (little or no movement)
Classified how adjacent bones are joined fibrous, cartilaginous, bony or synovial
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Gap between two bones ossifies frontal and mandibular bones in infants cranial sutures in elderly attachment of first rib and sternum
Can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint
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Collagen fibers span the space between bones sutures, gomphoses and
syndesmoses
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Immovable fibrous joints bind skull bones together
Serrate - interlocking lines coronal, sagittal and
lambdoid sutures Lap - overlapping beveled
edges temporal and parietal bones
Plane - straight, nonoverlapping edges palatine processes of the
maxillae
Attachment of a tooth to its socket
Held in place by fibrous periodontal ligament collagen fibers attach tooth to
jawbone Some movement while
chewing
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Two bones bound by ligament only interosseus membrane
Most movable of fibrous joints Interosseus membranes unite
radius to ulna and tibia to fibula
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Bones are joined by hyaline cartilage rib attachment to sternum epiphyseal plate in children binds
epiphysis and diaphysis
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2 bones joined by fibrocartilage pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs
Only slight amount of movement is possible
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Joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity
Most are freely movable7-10
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Articular capsule encloses joint cavity continuous with periosteum lined by synovial membrane
Synovial fluid = slippery fluid; feeds cartilages
Articular cartilage = hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces
Articular discs and menisci jaw, wrist, sternoclavicular and knee
joints absorbs shock, guides bone
movements and distributes forces Tendon attaches muscle to bone Ligament attaches bone to bone
Bursa = saclike extension of joint capsule between nearby structures so slide more easily past each other
Tendon sheaths = cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon
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Degrees through which a joint can move Determined by
structure of the articular surfaces strength and tautness of ligaments, tendons
and capsule stretching of ligaments increases range of motion double-jointed people have long or slack
ligaments action of the muscles and tendons
nervous system monitors joint position and muscle tone
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