Is the branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history.

ARISTOTLE (Greek philosopher) – was the first to classify organisms more than 2,000 year ago

Classified by land, air, and water dwellers

15th and 16th centuries Aristotle’s system seemed adequate

Then, scientist began to see a problem with “common names” ex: jellyfish not a fish

robin, fir tree

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish naturalist› Grouping organisms into hierarchical

categories› First he used morphology (form &

structure)› Then phylogeny (evolutionary history of

organism)

KINGDOM - king PHYLUM - philip CLASS - came ORDER - over FAMILY - for GENUS - good SPECIES - spaghetti

Genus species RULE:

› Genus name is CAPITALIZED and both names are underlined or written in italics!!!!

› Ex: Panthera leo, Panthera tigris, Felis domestica, Felis concolor

Six Kingdom System› 1. Archaebacteria› 2. Eubacteria› 3. Protista› 4. Fungi› 5. Plantae› 6. Animalia

Archae = ancient unicellular Prokaryotes Autotrophic – chemosynthesis Waste methane Live in harsh environments such as

sulfurous hot springs, salty lakes Also live in anaerobic environments

such as intestines of mammals May be direct descendents of first

organisms on Earth (before evolution of photosynthesis & O2)

black smoker:  the colonies thrive in complete darkness, without oxygen, surrounded by superheated water, and bathed in a chemical soup of hydrogen sulfide and other dissolved minerals.  That's extreme!

EXTREMOPHILES!!!

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Eu = “true” Unicellular prokaryotes Most of the bacteria that affect your

life Cause: tooth decay, turn milk into

yogurt, cause food poisoning Most USE OXYGEN Include the GREATEST NUMBER OF

LIVING THINGS ON EARTH!! Reproduce by binary fission (30 min.)

WOW!

Made up of variety of eukaryotic, mostly single celled organisms

Some exist as multicellular organisms ex: “giant kelp” = looks like a plant BUT lacks specialized tissues

This kingdom contains all eukaryotes that are NOT plants, animals or fungi

More than 50,000 species

Euglena = can feed on other organisms like animals BUT also have chloroplast and can go through photosynthesis

Feed on other organisms and respond to touch and light.

Heterotrophic unicellular & multicellular eukaryotic organisms

ABSORB nutrients Over 100,000 species

including mushrooms, puffballs, rusts, smuts, mildews, and molds!

Multicellular plants Autotrophic and use photosynthesis

350,000 species include: mosses, ferns, conifers, & flowering plants

Eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophic organisms

Most have symmetrical body organization