introduction era of good feelings missouri crisis foreign affairs elections jackson democracy ...
TRANSCRIPT
Jacksonian Democracy
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
The New Politic Conclusion
Themes
Monroe Doctrine Rise of Andrew
Jackson
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
The New Politic Conclusion
Does having multiple political parties benefit
the nation? Why or why not?
Bellwork
Era of Good Feelings
Name given to era of James Monroe’s Presidency
Democratic-Republicans dominated National politics
Proposed by Henry Clay
Federal support for internal improvements New National Bank (Second Bank of the U.S.) Tariffs (Taxes on imports) to protect U.S.
industries
American System
The Era of Good Feelings and the American System
Check Up!
1. With out a major political rival, the Dem.-Republicans began to criticize each other. Why do you think this is?
2. Why might some oppose the American System?
3. Does this reflect a need for a two party system
1. With out a major political rival, the Dem.-
Republicans began criticize each other. Why do you think this is?
2. Why might some oppose the American System?
3. Does this reflect a need for a two party system?
4. How did sectional tension play a role in the Era of Good Feelings?
Check Up!
Missouri Crisis
1819 Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state
The balance between the 11 free states and 11 slaves states would be broken
Who Had the Solution
A compromise was needed to resolve the crisis
Who: Henry Clay (Speaker of the House of Rep.)
Missouri Compromise 1820-1821
Missouri entered the Union as a slave state
Maine entered the Union as a free state
This maintained the balance between free and slave states (kept balance in Senate)
Missouri Compromise 1820-1821
Missouri entered the Union as a slave state
Maine entered the Union as a free state
This maintained the balance between free and slave states (kept balance in Senate)
In future, slavery was abolished in the Louisiana Territories north of the 36⁰ 30’ line
Missouri Compromise 1820-1821
Established: Congress had the power to limit slavery in territories
Importance: Foreshadowed future conflicts between N. and S.
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
The New Politic Conclusion
Foreign Affairs
John Q. Adams served as Monroe’s Secretary of State Oregon Territory
Oregon Country
Oregon Country Br. and Am. both
claimed territory Agreed to joint
occupation of the region
Opened Oregon to U.S. settlement
Foreign Affairs
John Q. Adams served as Monroe’s Secretary of State Oregon Territory Spain and Florida
Spain and Florida
General Andrew Jackson led U.S. forces into Florida
He occupied two Spanish forts and had two Br. Citizens hanged
Spain and Florida
Spain and Florida
General Andrew Jackson led U.S. forces into Florida
He occupied two Spanish forts and had two Br. Citizens hanged
Adams/Onis Treaty Spain ceded Florida to U.S. U.S. renounced claims to Texas Spain gave up claims to Oregon
Spain and Florida
Foreign Affairs
John Q. Adams served as Monroe’s Secretary of State Oregon Territory Spain and Florida Monroe Doctrine
Goal was to strengthen peace with Great Britain and secure American borders.
Monroe Doctrine
Spanish colonies gained independence European powers
may try to take these territories
Monroe Doctrine
Spanish colonies gained independence European powers
may try to take these territories
Russia’s exploration of the Oregon Territory
Monroe Doctrine
European powers cannot interfere with independence nations in the western hemisphere
New Europeans colonization in the western hemisphere was prohibited
the U.S. would stay out of European affairs
Monroe Doctrine
Significance of the Monroe Doctrine
This was the foundation of U.S. foreign policy
Declared the Western hemisphere within the zone of influence of the U.S. and Europe should stay out.
1. With out a major political rival, the Dem.-
Republicans began criticize each other. Why do you think this is?
2. Why might some oppose the American System?3. Does this reflect a need for a two party system?4. How did sectional tension play a role in the Era
of Good Feelings?5. How did the U.S. claim dominance over much of
the western hemisphere during the Era of Good Feelings?
Check Up!
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
The New Politic Conclusion
Presidential Election of 1824
Andrew Jackson (Tennessee): Hero of New Orleans
John Q. Adams (Massachusetts): Secretary of State
William Crawford (Georgia): Treasury Secretary
Henry Clay (Kentucky): Speaker of the House
Presidential Election of 1824
Presidential Election of 1824
If no candidate wins
a majority of the electoral votes
“The Corrupt Bargain”
House chose Adams to be President (Clay helped Adams win)
Adams then picked Clay to be Secretary of State
Appearance of corruption hurt presidency Experience: Diplomat, Senator, Secretary of
State Proposals met fierce opposition
John Q. Adams Presidency
Original Electoral System
Most states - State Legislatures select electors Few states - Popular election choses electors
New Electoral System Few states - State Legislatures select electors Most states - Popular election choses electors
The Party Splits
The Party Splits
Democrats form Select Jackson as
candidate
Election of 1828
Democrats form Select Jackson as
candidate Accusations
Adams – gambler and promoted prostitution
Jackson – Illiterate and married to an adulterer
Election of 1828
Jackson won Era of good feelings
(political civility) had ended
Spoils system had begun
1. With out a major political rival, the Dem.-Republicans
began criticize each other. Why do you think this is? 2. Why might some oppose the American System?3. Does this reflect a need for a two party system?4. How did sectional tension play a role in the Era of
Good Feelings?5. How did the U.S. claim dominance over much of the
western hemisphere during the Era of Good Feelings?6. Will a one party system inevitably lead to the creation
of a second party?
Check Up!
Cause Event Consequences
Era of Good Feelings
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
The New Politic Conclusion
Happy Halloween
Which would you prefer: a government of the best, brightest and most able Americans? Or a government of democratically elected people that represent the will of the people?
Bellwork
Jacksonian Democracy
Elimination of property qualifications to vote
Popular Vote receives state electorate
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
The New Politic Conclusion
Side note to Jackson, he hated paper money.
Fought to have it eliminated. Tariffs and Force Bill – National Law is supreme
Jackson – Role of the National Government
Congress passed protective tariff in 1828 It was unpopular in the South
Raised the cost of manufactured items Other nations established tariffs hurting Am.
exports in response
Tariff of Abominations
Jackson – Role of the National Government
nullification crisis, in U.S. history, confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832–33 over the former’s attempt to declare null and void within the state the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. The resolution of the nullification crisis in favour of the federal government helped to undermine the nullification doctrine, the constitutional theory that upheld the right of states to nullify federal acts within their boundaries.
Tariff of Abominations -South Carolina
Responds South Carolina
Exposition and Protest Claim – Tariff was
unconstitutional Claim – States could
nullify tariffs Author - John C.
Calhoun – the Vice President
Jackson rejected nullification Calhoun resigned as V.P. Compromise 1833
New tariff that fixed many of the problems Force Bill: allowed Pres. To use force to collect
tariff revenues if needed Deal was brokered by Henry Clay
Tariff of Abominations – Nullification Crisis
Tariffs and Force Bill – National Law is supreme National Bank of the United States – No to
special interests/strict interpretation
Jackson – Role of the National Government
Bank Crisis
Believed nat. bank caused the Panic of 1819
Bank Crisis
Believed nat. bank caused the Panic of 1819
Jackson vetoed its renewal in 1832 Declared that the bank
was unconstitutional Federal money was
withdrawn and placed in state banks (pet banks)
In 1836 Bank of the U.S. died
Source: Andrew Jackson's veto message (July 10,1832)
I sincerely regret that in the act before me I can perceive none of those modifications of the bankcharter which are necessary, in my opinion, to make it compatible with justice, with sound policy,or with the Constitution of our country. : . . The present Bank of the United States . . . enjoys anexclusive privilege of banking, . . . almost a monopoly of the foreign and domestic exchange.
It appears that more than a fourth part of the stock is held by foreigners and the residue is held by afew hundred of our own citizens, chiefly of the richest class.
Of the twenty-five directors of this bank five are chosen by the Government and twenty by the citizen stockholders. . . . It is easy to conceive that great evils to our country and its institutions might flow from such a concentration of power in the hands of a few men irresponsible to the people.
Is there no danger to our liberty and independence in a bank that in its nature has so little to bind itto our country?
It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to their selfishpurposes.
Tariffs and Force Bill – National Law is supreme National Bank of the United States – No to
special interests/strict interpretation Specie Circular – Sound money supply
Jackson – Role of the National Government
July 1836 Declared that only specie could be used to
purchase public lands
Specie Circular
Financial depression Causes
Pet Banks tripled money supply (No Nat. Bank to regulate)
Specie Circular created money shortage Over production of crops/protective tariffs 800 banks closed down, thus freezing credit
Panic of 1837
How does this
political cartoon reflect Jackson’s perception on the role of the national government?
How did the Panic of 1837 illustrate some of the faults in this system.
Check Up!
Democratic cartoon from 1833 showing Jackson destroying the bank, to the approval of the Uncle Sam like figure to the right, and annoyance of the bank's president, shown as the Devil himself
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
The New Politic Conclusion
Limits to Jacksonian Democracy
Jackson was a slave owner Owned over 140
slaves
Limits to Jacksonian Democracy
Jackson was a slave owner Owned over 140
slaves He did not support
equality for women
Limits to Jacksonian Democracy
Jackson was a slave owner Owned over 140
slaves He did not support
equality for women Indian removal
Some saw Indians as an impediment to American expansion.
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
Indian Removal Act The New Politic Conclusion
Proclamation Line of 1763
Original United States
Louisiana Purchase
France controlled Louisiana Territory
Jefferson authorized the government to purchase the land for $15 million
doubled the size of the United States
The Cherokee were told to assimilate into U.S.
society They adopted a written constitution Developed form of writing Grew cotton
With the use of slaves Five Civilized tribes
Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminoles State of Georgia tried to assert authority over
Cherokee land after gold was discovered
Indian Removal
Cherokee sued and the issue went to the
Supreme Court Court ruled in Cherokee favor Jackson ignored the ruling and signed the
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Indian Removal
Indian Removal
15,000-18,000 were forced to move
25% died along the way
Known as the Trail of Tears
John C. Calhoun Outlines the War
Department’s Indian Policy The Cherokees Resist Removal Andrew Jackson’s Second Annual Message to
Congress Christian Missionaries Oppose Removal The Supreme Court’s Assertion of National
Sovereignty
Jigsaw
Think, Pair, Share
Compare the arguments for and against the removal by government officials and supporters of the Native Americans. In what ways did their fundamental assumptions about Native Americans and their long term interests differ?
Check Up!
Arguments for removal
Arguments against removal
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
The New Politic Conclusion
A government based on merit
a system in which the talented are chosen and moved ahead on the basis of their achievement
Meritocracy
A government based on merit Why were the founders so great?
Meritocracy
A government based on merit Why were the founders so great?
Emergency
Meritocracy
A government based on merit Why were the founders so great?
Emergency Pre-Democratic Post Aristocratic
Meritocracy
A government based on merit Why were the founders so great?
Emergency Pre-Democratic Post Aristocratic Posterity
Meritocracy
Elimination of property qualifications to vote Popular Vote receives state electorate
Meritocracy to Democracy
1789 - Washington vs. Adams 1792 –Washington vs. Adams 1796 – Adams vs. Jefferson 1800 – Jefferson vs. Adams 1804 – Jefferson vs. Pinckney 1808 – Madison vs. Pinckney 1812 – Madison vs. Clinton 1816 – Monroe vs. King 1820 – Monroe vs. Q. Adams 1824 – Quincy Adams vs. Jackson 1828 – Jackson vs. Adams 1832 – Jackson vs. Clay 1836 – Van Buren vs. Harrison 1840 – Harrison vs. Van Buren
Meritocracy to Democracy
1789 - Washington vs. Adams 1792 –Washington vs. Adams 1796 – Adams vs. Jefferson 1800 – Jefferson vs. Adams 1804 – Jefferson vs. Pinckney 1808 – Madison vs. Pinckney 1812 – Madison vs. Clinton 1816 – Monroe vs. King 1820 – Monroe vs. Q. Adams 1824 – Quincy Adams vs. Jackson 1828 – Jackson vs. Adams 1832 – Jackson vs. Clay 1836 – Van Buren vs. Harrison 1840 – Harrison vs. Van Buren
Meritocracy to Democracy
1789 - Washington vs. Adams 1792 –Washington vs. Adams 1796 – Adams vs. Jefferson 1800 – Jefferson vs. Adams 1804 – Jefferson vs. Pinckney 1808 – Madison vs. Pinckney 1812 – Madison vs. Clinton 1816 – Monroe vs. King 1820 – Monroe vs. Q. Adams 1824 – Quincy Adams vs. Jackson 1828 – Jackson vs. Adams 1832 – Jackson vs. Clay 1836 – Van Buren vs. Harrison 1840 – Harrison vs. Van Buren
Meritocracy to Democracy
Meritocracy to Democracy
That extreme democratic principle [universal suffrage] . . . has been regarded with terror by the wise men of every age because, in every European republic, ancient and modern, in which it has been tried, it has terminated disastrously and been productive of corruption, injustice, violence, and tyranny. . . .
Source: James Kent, Excerpt from the Proceedings and Debates of the Convention Assembled for the Purpose of Amending the Constitution of the State of New York, 1821.
When I first arrived in America Mr. John Quincy Adams was
president, and it was impossible to doubt, even from the statement of his enemies, that he was every way calculated to do honor to the office. All I ever heard against him was, that “he was too much of a gentleman”; but a new candidate must be set up, and Mr. Adams was out-voted for no other reason, that I could learn, but because it was “best to change.” “Jackson for ever!” was, therefore, screamed from the mouths, both drunk and sober, till he was elected…
Frances Trollope, Domestic Manners of the Americans, 1832.
Meritocracy to Democracy
Meritocracy to Democracy
Democrats - Jackson Whigs – Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams
Meritocracy to Democracy
New Republic (Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison)
Age of Jackson
Introduction Era of Good Feelings
Missouri Crisis Foreign Affairs
Elections Jackson
Democracy Tariffs and Banks Limits to Democracy
The New Politic Conclusion
Review
Missouri Crisis and Monroe Doctrine were important events during this era
Describe the accomplishments and limitation of Jackson’s presidency
Links
James Monroe Montpelier (Home of
James Madison) John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson The Hermitage (Andr
ew Jackson’s Plantation)
Indian Removal
Source
http://college.cengage.com/history/lecturepoints/index.html