Information Technology

Information Technology

Information technology is defined as the use of computer hardware and software to manage information.Six functions of data management:ConvertStoreProtectProcessTransmitRetrieveInformation Technology

To perform any operations, computers must convert information into bit formats; this means putting data into an electronic format that is able to be stored and retrieved.Primary storage (memory) is located in the hard drive. It can be directly accessed by the central processing unit (CPU).Secondary storage is storage located outside the computer which includes CDs, USBs, discs, and external hard drives.

Convert and Store

Protecting your data prevents data corruption and limits access to the data.Ways to protect data include:Disk encryptionBackup files - internally or on external media in case data is lostData masking - hiding specific private data within a databaseData erasure - destroys all electronic data on hard drive in the event that it is discarded or reused Protect

Processing is the conversion of data into usable information.CPU (Central Processing Unit)Fetches instructions for program from memory.Decodes and reads instructions.Portions of CPU connect and execute instructions.Writes back results to memory.Processing

Physical transfer of data over a medium, such as a copper wire, optical fiber, or wireless.Networks: enables two or more computers to share files, printers, and communicate with each other.Server: large, powerful digital storage that performs a service for other computers in a network; file, print, web, mail.Easier to maintain security and perform backups when files are centrally stored.Transmission

Local Area Networks (LAN): contained within one building or site.Wide Area Network (WAN): connects more than one site (Internet).Client Server: client computers are all connected by a central server; can be LAN or WANPeer-to-Peer: computers are connected to each other but files are not stored in a central location; can only be LAN.Types of Networks

Connects millions of people around the globe.Used for obtaining and providing information.IP Address: each computer has one; enables data to be sent and received from a specific computer (HTML;E-mail)Internet

Data retrieval is the science of searching.Users enter a query into a search engine.Computer information retrieval system scores objects in database by relevancy and displays those most relevant to the query.Retrieval

Word processors: used to create and edit documents.Spreadsheets: used to analyze figures and present information in the form of graphs/charts.Databases: store information about a set of similar items.Publishing: allows more control over formatting and arranging than word processing.PowerPoint: used for business presentations and to present factual information for persuasive purposesCommon IT Applications

IT managers are needed to manage the information systems that we use for everyday data processing and storage.Jobs in IT:Network EngineerNetwork AdministratorSystem AdministratorIT Project ManagerChief Information OfficerCareers in IT

Telegraph invented in 1837 also known as the Victorian Internet.First world communication systemTelephone was invented in1876.Radio was invented in1894.Mark I: first programmable digital computer.History of IT

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer): used vacuum tubes; first electronic computer.Could not store information.EDSAC: first stored-program computer; first graphical computer game.UNIVAC: first commercially available computer.History of IT

In healthcare, IT is used in many different ways:Administrative and financial: storing patient registration records; keeping patient accounts and billing; payroll for employees.Clinical: orders for pharmaceuticals, lab tests, procedures; stores health records; results reporting for lab tests and procedures; prescription fulfillment; electronic monitoring of patients.IT in Healthcare

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