© iml 2012 plastic & printed electronics: interconnects ... · inkjet printing successfully...
TRANSCRIPT
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Plastic & Printed Electronics:
Interconnects & manufacturing challenges
Loughborough University, 19th March 2012
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
•! Founded as a QinetiQ corporate investment in
January 2002 – QinetiQ Nanomaterials
•! Spun out in 2007
•! Locations:
•! Rochester, NYS, USA (HQ and Production)
•! Farnborough and Malvern, UK (R&D and BD
Europe) - Co-located with QinetiQ
•! Team of 30 - 80% technical/scientific
•! Technology Platform
•! Fabrication of Inorganic Nanoparticles
•! Business Model: License or Product Sale
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
2010 2011 2012 2013
Copper
Nickel
Silicon
TEG’s
Phosphors
Basic Materials Research Optimisation Application Development
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Why Copper ?
•!Highly Conductive
•!Low Cost, readily available
•!Flexible
•! Ease of connection
•! Electroplated
•! Non-toxic
•!Disadvantages
•! Readily oxidises
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Comex Silver Spot Price
2 years - $/Troy oz
High Cost and Technical Issues with Silver
Silver Technical
Problems
!!Dendritic Growth
!!Antimicrobial
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Issues with Copper for Printed Electronics
!"#$%&'()!
"#$%&'()*!+,!-)$./#!0(-1#2-(34-!
!"#$%&'*+)!
546!73289/$&34-!732!(46!:#)!;#$0-!34!$!2$4<#!37!-9.-)2$)#-!!
!"#$%&'*,)!
=3>!%3-)!123%#--!);$)!%92#-!)3!7328!$!%3409%&'#!)2$%6!$)!2338!
)#81#2$)92#!(4!$(2!(4!8(//(-#%340-!
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Problem 1: Copper Reactivity
STEM image of nanocopper produced by standard method c.2004
STEM image of nanocopper produced by modified method (patented process) with organic coating which
encapsulates the nanoparticles
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© IML 2012
Problem 2: Ink Formulation and Printing
?3$)#0!?311#2!;$-!.##4!-9%%#--79//*!73289/$)#0!(4)3!$4!546:#)!12(4&4<!(46@!
A;#!(46!(-!0#-(<4#0!)3!12(4)!-9%%#--79//*!9-(4<!-)$40$20!(409-)2($/!12(4)!;#$0-!$40!;$-!-3!!!!!!!!!
7$2!.##4!'$/(0$)#0!9-(4<!-../!$40!01'234!12(4)!;#$0-@!
A;#!(46!%$4!.#!12(4)#0!-9%%#--79//*!34)3!$!'$2(#)*!37!0(B#2#4)!-9.-)2$)#-!C!1$1#2D!13/*(8(0#D!
13/*#-)#2D!EFAD!G"HD!IJKLMD!</$--D!$/98(4$D!%$2.34!N.2#!;$'#!.##4!)2(#0!)3!0$)#@!!
Carbon Fibre
Kapton (polyimide) GX-13 Primed Alumina
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Problem 3: Curing Method and Conductivity
•! A;#!%311#2!%$4!.#!%92#0!.*!$!1;3)34(%!8#);30!940#2!21"!
$)!"##'*5&'6&"257"&*(4!'1%%18&9#:;8@!
•! OP!32!/$-#2!123%#--(4<!
•! A;#!%92(4<!123%#--!QRFS!TRA!0$8$<#!);#!-9.-)2$)#-@!!
•! S9()$./#!732!1$1#2D!13/*(8(0#D!%#2$8(%!
•! ?38.(4#!12(4&4<!$40!1;3)34(%!%92(4<!(4)3!$!-(4</#!1$--!
123%#--!
SEM image of the nanocopper before
phototonic curing
SEM image of the nanopowder after
phototonic curing
347nm cured copper
Polyimide substrate
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
CI-002 Ink on Polyester Substrate
Applications Currently in Development
•! Copper Inkjet:
•! Displays
•! Specialist Antenna
•! Photo-Voltaic
•! Military
•! Biosensors
•! OLEDs
•! Antennas
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Printed Electronics Demonstrator
•! LOPE-C Conference Dusseldorf
2 m/min – Intrinsiq ink deposited by a new
Fuji-Dimatix ink jet head, then dried & sintered
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
UV!)3!VWW!X8!/(4#-!-%2##4!12(4)#0!$40!%92#0!34!EP?D!EFAD!5AR!$40!E?!
!?9-)38!73289/$&34-!$'$(/$./#!!!
Screen Printed Copper
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© IML 2012
Property CI-002 CP-001
Print Method Inkjet R2R, semi-automatic, manual
screen printing
Viscosity 10-12 cps 10,000-30,000 cps
Metal Loading 12 % 70-76 %
Sheet Resistivity 5x Bulk 5x Bulk
Typical Cured Thickness 0.3-0.5 µm 20-25 µm
Line Resolution 70 µm 150 µm
Average Particle Size 25 nm Nano and Micron material
Substrates PI, Glass, PET, Paper Paper
Curing System Xenon, UV,VIS,IR lasers Xenon, IR lasers
Copper InkJet and Screen Print Comparison
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Future Developments
Nickel Inks
5Y=!;$'#!-9%%#--79//*!
12(4)#0!$40!%92#0!4(%6#/!
(46-!9-(4<!);#!1;3)34(%!
%92(4<!8#);30-!!
Silicon Inks
5Y=!$2#!0#'#/31(4<!
-(/(%34!(46!-*-)#8-!732!
89/&1/#!$11/(%$&34-!
(4%/90(4<!EP!
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
•! Successful ink-jet printing on low temperature substrates such
as paper
•! Credit Card “numeric” images successfully printed
Results to Date: Nickel Inks
Printing of Nano nickel based films using the Dimatix DMP system.
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Silicon Ink Formulation and Printing
•! Inkjet printing successfully achieved with Dimatix DMP2800
•! Inks can be p-type or n-type doped
•! IM also have experience of producing ink formulations for other
printing techniques such as gravure
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
IM Silicon Ink Mobility: Already ~1
IM
Silicon
inks already
here
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Future Developments
Gravure Inks
FZ)#40(4<!)#%;43/3<*!732!
<2$'92#!12(4&4<@!![();!
OS!1$2)4#2-!K!%92#0!34!
EP?D!EFA!$40!E?!!
Ultra fine lines
5Y!;$'#!-9%%#--79//*!
12(4)#0!$40!%92#0!$!
M@\X8!/(4#!9-(4<!$!43'#/!
/$-#2!)#%;4(]9#!
Biosensors
5Y!$2#!
0#'#/31(4<!
%311#2!(46-!
-*-)#8-!$-!
1$2)!37!$4!
$4&.30*!
.$-#0D!
0(-#$-#!
0#)#%&34!
-*-)#8!
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
•! Development work on novel nanoscale metal inks complete
•! Ink jet / screen product now available
•! Demonstrators successful (reel to reel)
•! Application development underway
•! Industry proof of concept studies underway
•! Nickel and silicon systems in development
•! IM always looking for partners to address new applications and
opportunities …
© IML 2012
© IML 2012
Thank you!
Contact:
Dr Paul Reip
Director, Government and Strategic Programmes
mobile: +44 (0)7785 382 293