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OnthecoverDonald Trump was elected toshake Washington out ofitsparalysis. Instead he isadding to America' s problems:leader, page 9. Those whohope that American politicswill eventually return tonormal may face a long wait.See our spedal report afterpage 42. Fresh from visitingthe Oval Office, an AmericanCEOsends an e-mail to histop lieutenants: Schumpeter,page 58. The upper middleclass are the mainbenefidaries-and theprindpal cause-of inequalityin America, page 72

The Economist onlineDailyanalysis and opinion tosupplementthe print edition, plusaudio and video, and a dailychartEconomist.com

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••Volume 424 Number 9047

Published since September1843to toke part in -o severe con test betweeninteLLigence, which pressesforward, andan unworthy, timid ignorance obstructingour progresso ~

Editorial offices in Londo'n and also:A~lanta, B~ijin~, Berlin, Brussels, Cairo, Chicago,Lima, MexlCo City, MOSCQw,Mumbai, Nairobi,New Oelhi, NewYork, Paris, San FranciscoSàc Pau lo, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, T~kyo,WashlOgton DC

7 The world this week

Leaders9 American politics

Adivided country10 Free speech

Hands off AlJazeera10 China

What Hong Kong can teachXiJinping

12 European banksSenior moment

13 Additive manufacturingPrinting everywhere

Letters14 On Grenfell Tower, polls,

China, predictions,Taiwan, France

Briefing17 Additive manufacturing

The factories of the future19 Production costs

Making things anew

Europe21 Refugees in Turkey

The new neighbours22 Georgia's regime

Can the reforms survive?23 Balkan autocrats

Wrong and stable24 Gay marriage in Germany

Merkel switches sides24 The last TGV

Renaming France'ssupertrain

25 CharlemagneThe chocolate curtain

Britain26 Labour's leader

Life and soul ofthe party27 Diego Garda

Tropicalstorm28 Bagehot

Britain's decline and fall

Middle East and Africa29 The rule of law in Africa

Bleak house30 African agriculture

Lost in the maize30 Ice cream in Yemen

Pralines behind the battlelines

31 Al JazeeraChanging the channel

32 AlgeriaLand ofthe living dead

United States33 Homidde in Baltimore

Exceptionally murderous35 The Supreme Court

Rightward, ho!36 Farming in the Midwest

The last thing they need37 Medicaid

Patching up the poor37 Pet transport

Adog's life38 Lexington

Divided, even at birth

The Americas39 Canada's indigenous

peoplesUnfinished business

40 Brazil' s political scandalTemer tantrum

40 Offshore oilThe gusher in Guyana

42 BelloAdi6s to Venezuelandemocracy

Spedal report:Trump's AmericaThe power of groupthinkAfter page 42

5

MurderinBaltimore Mostparts of America have neverbeen safer. Maryland's mostpopulous cityis notamongthem, page 33

i\..,;I.o~.dJlòl-:';..>JAljAZEEI\A MEllIA

AlJazeera The Arab worldhas one big freewheelingbroadcaster, The Saudi regimewants to silenceit: leader,page 10. 15 AlJazeera anindependent voice or apropaganda tool? Page 31

Manufacturing 3D printerswill shape the factory ofthefuture: leader, page 13. Howthey have become a morepotent option forindustrialproduction, page 17. Printingm 3Dtransforms the economicsofmanufacturing, page19

~~Contents continues overleaf

6 Contents The Economist July ist 2017

© 2017 The Economist Newspaper Limited. AlIrights reserved. Neitherthis publication noranypartofit may be reproduced, stored in a retrtevat system.ortransmitted in anyformor byanymeans.electronic.mechanicat.photocopying, recordingorother-wise, withoutthe prior permissicn ofThe EconomistNewspaper Limited. Published everyweek, exceptfor a year-end doubleissue, byThe Economist Newspaper Limited. The Economistisa reqisteredtrademark ofThe Economist Newspaper Limited. Printed byVogel Druck und Medienservice GmbH, teibnizstrafte 5, 97204 Hochberq.Deutschland.France,NumeroCommissionParitaire:68832 GB. Encartd'abonnementde deuxpagessituéentre Iesfolios10 et 130. Rapp.Italia: IMDsrtVia Guido da Velate 1120162Milano Aut. Trib. MI 272 del 13/04/88 Poste Italiane SpA - Sped Abb Post Dl353/2003 (conv. L 27/2/2004 n.46) art i comma 1 DCa Milano, Dir. Resp. Domenico Iassinari

Google's woesThe EuropeanCommission levies a huge fineon Google for abusing itsdominancein online search,page 53. Apple is struggling tofind another blockbusterproduct but the iPhone stillhas battery life, page 54

European banks Europe'sframework for dealing withtroubled banks is working, buthas one big drawback: leader,page 12. Ataxpayer-fundedliquidation oftwo Italianlenders is ugly but pragmatic,page 61

Kazakhstan The world'sbiggest landlocked countryisopen for business but onlyhalf-readyfor it, page 43

Asia43 Kazakhstan

Steppe change44 Sex toys in Pakistan

From the land ofthe pure45 Elections in Papua New

GuineaWantok and no action

46 Democracy in JapanBills before parliament

47 BanyanMalaysia's sorry politics

China48 Finandal risk

Regulators get tougher49 Human rights

LiuXiaobo's last struggle49 Video streaming

Cracking down on fun

International50 Foreign aid

Fading faith in good works

Business53 Europe v Google

Not so Froogle54 Apple and the iPhone

The new old thing55 Nestlé

Tasty morsel56 Essar Group

Indian diet57 Takata's bankruptcy

The dangers ofinflation57 Shipbuilding in China

Cruising for a bruising58 Schumpeter

Time for Plan C

Finance and economies61 European banks

Buckets of ducats62 Buttonwood

Easy money63 Ameriean banks

Capital plans63 Kenya's sovereign debt

Bonds go mobile

64 Islamie bondsAppealing to the umpire

64 Sovereign-bond ratingsDouble standards?

66 Pakistan and the IMFNever say never

67 Trade-adjustmentAid for trade

68 Free exchangeAsia's crisis, 20 years on

Sdence and technology69 Fake news

Creation stories70 Pestiddes

Buzz kill71 Sdentific piracy

Warning shots71 Malware

Computer says no

Books and arts72 Ameriea's upper middle

classThe cause ofinequality

73 Neel Mukherjee's fictionStates offreedom

73 Changing the currencyDial Mfor money

74 How sdence got womenwrongThe way we are

74 The Brooklyn BridgeAcross the divide

76 Hanoverian princessesRoyal, rational, refined

78 Economie and finandalindicatorsStatistics on 42 economies,plus a closer look atresource governance

Obituary80 Jerry Nelson

The mirror and the stars

Faking newsltis becomingeasier to create convincingaudio and video ofthings thathave never happened, page 69

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