虚拟语气

If you want knowledge, you must work hard for it. 

1. First conditionals ( 真实条件句 ) If + 一般现在时 , will/can/must +do …

If you lie down with dogs ， you will get up with fleas.

If you think you can do it, you can.

( 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 。 )

1. (You go) out with me on Saturday

night if you (finish) the project?

Will you go out with me on Saturday

night if you finish the project?

2. If you (go) to that website, you (find)

some interesting information.

If you go to that website, you’ll find

some interesting information.

3. What (you do) if the weather (not be)

good tomorrow?

What will you do if the weather isn’t

good tomorrow?

4. My sister (not go) to London if she

(not pass) her exams.

My sister won’t go to London if she

doesn’t pass her exams.

If I had time, I would attend the meeting.

If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.

If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.

If + 一般过去时 , would/wouldn’t/could/+do …

If I were a student, I wouldn’t let my teacher down.

2. Second conditionals ( 非真实 / 虚拟条件句 )

(be 动词用 were)

1. If I had the money, I would buy a

new IBM computer.

a) a student b) a millionaire

2. If I felt ill, I would stop smoking.

a) a smoker b) a non-smoker

3. If I were a teacher, I would be

popular with my students.

a) a teacher b) a journalist

a) a student

b) a journalist

Who would say these things, a or b?

a) a smoker

if 引导的条件句类型 if 从句 主句 用法

First conditionals

second conditionals

(If) 一般现在时 will/can/must+do…

将来可能发生的事

(If) 一般过去时(be 动词用 were)

would/wouldn’t/could +do…

现在或未来不可能发生的事

Write sentences with the First or Second

Conditional using the cues.

1. I , live, the USA, I, celebrate thanksgiving.

If I lived in the USA, I would celebrate Thanksgiving.

2. I, be, you, I , not go , party

If I were you, I would not go to the party.

3. I, see, John, I , tell him.

If I see John, I will tell him.

(first)

(second)

(second)

4. we, not have, Christmas, we, not have, a good time in winter.

If we didn’t have Christmas, we would not have a good time in winter.

5. you, help me, homework, I, help you, yours

If you help me with my homework, I will help with yours.

6. I, live in, future, I, live on, moon

If I lived in the future, I would live on the moon.

(first)

(second)

(second)

虚拟语气的动词形式

一、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法从句

( 假设的虚拟条件 )

主句( 假设的结果 )

与现在事实相反

动词过去式（ be 都用 were ）

should/would/could/might+ 动词原形

与过去事实相反

had+ 过去分词 should/would/could/might+ have+ 过去分词

与将来事实相反

动词过去式should+ 动词原形 were to+ 动

词原形

should/would/could/might+ 动词原形

一、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法虚拟条件句 主句 (would) 例句

现在 did

were

would do If I had time, I would attend the meeting.

If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad.

过去 had+done would have done

If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.

将来 did

should+do were to+do

would do If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.

If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

If he should come tomorrow, we should have a party .

1. If it hadn’t rained last Sunday, we _____ picnicking.

A. could go B. could have gone

C. went D. would go

2. Everybody would be very happy if the hot summer _____ tomorrow.

A. should finish B. would finish

C. were to be finished D. finishes

3. If it _____ yesterday, we could play football on the sports ground now.

A. didn’t snow B. hasn’t snowed

C. hadn’t snowed D. weren’t snowing.

B

A

C

4. If he came here at this moment, I _____ him.

A. would criticize B. will criticize

C. shall criticize D. were to criticize

5. --Did you go to see the football match yesterday?

--No, I didn’t feel well, but I would have gone if I _____.

A. did B. have C. would D. had

6. What would have happened if you _____ her child?

A. hadn’t helped B. couldn’t help

C. wouldn’t help D. didn’t help

A

D

A

7. If you _____ any problem, please don’t hesitate to ask your teacher.

A. have B. would have

C. are going to have D. will have

8. If she knew as much about music as you do, my daughter _____ much better.

A. play B. must play

C. will play D. would play

9. If Alice _____ this afternoon, the meeting should be put off.

A. would not come B. might not come

C. should not come D. could not come

A

D

C

1. 省略 if 的虚拟倒装句（ were,had,should)e.g. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. =Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

2. 错综时间条件句 ( 时间不一致）e.g. If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.

3. 含蓄条件句（ with; without; but for, otherwise, If only) e.g. What would you do with a million dollars?(=if you had a million dollars)

注意事项：

二、名词性从句：1.宾语从句 . 常见动词：

一个坚持： insist

两个命令： order, command

三个建议： advise, suggest, propose

四个要求： demand , require, request, desire 这些动词所带的宾语从句中谓语 使用 should

+ V ，或者将 should 省略。

1. 我们建议 Tom 应该要休息 (suggest)

We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.

2. 小男孩请求要回自己的书 (request).

The little boy requested that he (should) get his book back.

3. 学生们坚持要求要在五点之前做完实验 .

The students insisted that the experiment _____ before 5.

A. was finished B. will finish

C. be finished D. shall be finished

C

2. 主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。

order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire

It is suggested that he should go there at once

My suggestion is that he should go there at once

I made a suggestion that he should go there at once.

从句中的动词 使用 should + V ，或者将 should 省略

Cf. This is the suggestion that/which he made at the meeting. 定语从句

二、虚拟语气特殊句型：1. wish

+ 宾语从句

现在：

过去：

未来：

过去时 (did/were)

过去完成时 (had done)

would/could/might+V. should

2. would rather that --现在：

过去：

未来：

过去时

过去时

过去完成时

3. as if /though + 从句

现在：

过去：

过去时过去完成时

4.It’s (about/high) time +that – should +V.

过去时

5. If only …

倘若…就好了

现在：

过去：

未来：

过去时

过去完成时

could +V.6. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important

+ that --- (should)+ 动词原形

该是…的时候了

好像 , 好似…

1. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ________ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 2. Without electricity human life ________

quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 3. If he had not gone out in the storm, he

________ alive now. A will be B. would be C. would have been D. is

4. If only I ________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.

A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew5. But for the party, he ________ of hunger

fifteen years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die 6. I would have come earlier, but I ________

that you were waiting for me. A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would have known D. haven’t known

7. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ________ two weeks to prepare for the exam.

A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given8. Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good

at English. He speaks English as if he ________ an Englishman.

A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been 9. We ________ our lives had it not been for

the policeman. A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. had lost

虚拟语气在主、从句中的谓语形式

时 间 If 条件句 主 句

过 去 had donewould(should,could,might) have done

现 在 did / werewould(should,could,might) do

将 来should do

were to do

did / were

would(should,could,might) do

summary