Population, Globalization, Basic Institutions

Economies and Governments

How does population affect our society?

Overpopulation, pollution, Business types of transportation, number of schools

What factors influence a country’s population growth rate?

Births, deaths, and people migrating to and from the country affect a country’s population growth rate.

Population DensityMeasures the number of people living in an area

Where do most of the worlds population live? (look at map on pg 87)

Why do you think there is this population pattern?

Basic Institutions

Family Education Religion Government Economy

Family

Takes care of children Provides emotional and physical

support Teach the accepted norms, behaviors Teaches culture

Education

Societies rely on education to pass knowledge

Schools teach norms, values

Religion

Incredibly diverse Helps explain the meaning of life and

death and the difference between good and bad

Passed down and supported by traditional practice, literature and sacred text

Government

In order to resolve conflict A system of leaders and laws that help

people live safely together in their community

Economy

System of using resources to meet needs

Must be able to make buy sell and trade goods and services to get what they want and need

Science and Technology

How does science and technology shape and control their environments

What are the impacts of technology?

Globalization The process in which countries are

increasingly linked to each other through culture and trade

Not only links world’s people but also connects businesses and affects trade

Globalization links the world’s countries together through culture and trade.

The world community works together to solve global conflicts and crises

Globalization

How has the expansion of global trade affected our world?

Fast, easy global connection have made cultural exchange, trade, and a cooperative world community possible.

Globalization

World Community encourages cooperation.

Why do you think they do so?

To resolve global conflict

United Nations

51 countries An organization of the world countries

that promotes peace and security around the globe

Ex: coming together to provide humanitarian aid

GOVERNMENT

1. What is government?2. What does a government

do?3. Why do people need

government?4. What types of government are there?

GOVERNMENT

1. What is government?

GOVERNMENT

1. What is government?

Government is an organization people set up to protect the community and make rules

Government

What is government and what role does it play in our lives? Why do we need government?

In its simplest form, a government determines the way in which a country, state, county, township, city, or village is run.

At every level, government makes laws that citizens must obey and creates policies about everything connected with the daily life of a community—whether that community is a nation, a state or the town where you live.

Government

Government establish order and ensure justice

Make laws Regulate business and trade Provide aid to people Shape culture and economy of a

country as well as the daily lives of the people

GOVERNMENT

2. What does a government do?

GOVERNMENT

2. What does a government do?

Protects the community Makes laws Keeps order

GOVERNMENT

3. Why do people need government?

GOVERNMENT

3. Why do people need government?

For protection of people and property Making rules Enforcing laws

GOVERNMENT

4. What types of government are there?

Types of Government

Dictatorship Absolute Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy Direct Democracy Republic/Representative Democracy Theocracy Totalitarian Democracy

Governments

Imagine what life would be like without governmental systems

Limited government = the power of government leader is limited by the constitution.

• Everyone, including all authority figures, must obey the laws.

• Individual rights of the citizen are protected by the constitution.

• To gain power is not the main goal in a limited government.

Limited Powers

Unlimited Power

Unlimited government: government’s power has no limits. Usually no constitution or laws limiting the governments power

Control is placed solely with the ruler and his/her appointees. No limits imposed on his /her authority.

These governments have total control over their citizens.

Limited Government Unlimited Government

Power Restricted by the people• Bill of Rights-• Constitution-Statement of a

country’s basic laws and values

• Parliament-a national law making body(Canada & England)

Constitutional Monarchy- Government ruled by king or queen, power is determined by the nation’s constitutions and lawsRepublic-Government in which power belongs to the citizens, who govern themselves through elected representation

No limits on powerTotalitarian- centralized government that does NOT tolerate parties of differing opinion, dictatorial control over many aspects of life, exercises control over freedom-North KoreaCommunist- system structured upon common ownership of the means of production and characterized by the absence of social classes, money, and the state-Germany, Soviet UnionDictatorship- form of government where political authority is monopolized by a single person or political entity, and exercised through various oppressive mechanisms- Kim Jong Il, North KoreaAbsolutism- form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictatorAbsolute Monarchy- a monarchy that is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution-France King Louis XIV (reigned 1643-1715)

Dictatorship

A country ruled by a single leader. The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control.

In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. EX: Cuba

Constitutional Monarchy

Government ruled by a King or Queen Powers are determined by the Nation’s

Constitution and law This is a limited government

EX: England

Absolute Monarchy Rule by a King or Queen They have absolute power Are not restrained by a constitution or

laws Example of unlimited power

EX: Qatar and Saudi Arabia

Direct Democracy

Government by the people People vote directly on every issue Only practical in a small community Citizens are the ultimate source of

government authority Citizens come together to discuss and

pass laws and select leaders EX: Ancient Athens

Republic/ Representative Democracy

Government by the people; citizens are the ultimate source of government authority

Indirect form of democracy Citizens elect representatives to make

government decisions on their behalf Representatives elected for set terms People are represented by elected officials Used in large countries Also known as a Republic government EX: Ancient Rome United States of America

Democracy

In a democracy, the government is elected by the people.

Everyone who is eligible to vote has a chance to have their say over who runs the country.

It is distinct from governments controlled by a particular social class or group

A democracy is determined either directly or through elected representatives.

Communist system of government in which the

state plans and controls the economy

a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.

Ex: CHINA, CUBA

Theocracy Government officials regarded to have

religious authority Laws rooted in a particular religion or

religious doctrine Government power is unlimited Governmental rulers are identical with the

leaders of the dominant religion Governmental policies are either identical

with or strongly influenced by the principals of the majority religion.

Government claims to rule on behalf of God or a higher power

EX: Iran

Totalitarian

Dictator holds ultimate authority Government tightly controls all aspects

of life-political, social, and economic No formal or informal limits on

government

EX: North Korea

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DICTATORSHIPOne person has all of the power; also called Monarchy, Tyranny, or

Totalitarianism

OLIGARCHYA few people have all the

power; also known as Aristocracy or (sometimes)

Communism

DEMOCRACY Everyone may participate in

government; also called Representative Democracy or

RepublicUnlimited Government—ruler can do anything!

Leaders are “born” in to power (monarchy) or gain power by force (military dictatorship)

Citizens may unite in their loyalty to their ruler and decisions can be made quickly

No individual freedoms given, needs of the citizens not considered, ruler may make poor choices

Unlimited Government—rulers can do anything!

Decisions are made by only a few people—usually the rich and influential

Decisions can be made quickly and good leadership may prevail, as long as no one person takes over

No individual freedoms are given, the needs of the people are not considered, and rulers may make poor choices

Rulers may be called: Aristocrats, Oligarchs

Limited Government—people who make laws also follow the laws!

Time consuming, since everyone gives input

Everyone is involved and has equal power, there is a lot of loyalty and support, individual freedoms are given

People elect representatives to make decisions for them

Rulers are called: King, Queen, Tsar, Czar, Emperor, Tyrant, Dictator

Representatives are called: Senators, Representatives, Presidents, Prime Ministers

Anarchy: no government; very dangerous

Can be found in: Saudi Arabia, the UK, Cuba

Can be found in: China, Russia Can be found in: the USA, India, Mexico

1. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT:

The pharaoh was an absolute ruler. He commanded the army and controlled irrigation and grain supplies. People in this society considered the pharaoh to be a god.

Monarchy

2. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT

In the first century AD, the Greeks recognized three types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and anarchy. The Jews at the time did not fit into any of these categories as they believed only God and his laws were sovereign.

Theocracy

3. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT:

In 450 B.C. this civilization assembled and all citizens voted on laws. A council of 500 prepared business for the assembly.

DirectDemocracy

4. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT:

The Nazi Party took over every aspect of this country’s social, economic & political life. Hitler quickly secured his power by burning down a legislative building and used the incident to obtain emergency powers, becoming an absolute ruler.

Dictatorship

5. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT:

In this country some people are elected to make laws and some people are appointed officials.

RepresentativeDemocracy

Citizenship

Rights- things we must do EX: Voting

Responsibilities- tasks we should do as citizens but are not required by law

EX: helping your community

Economic Systems Traditional

› Work that people do is based on long established customs Hunt, fish, tend animals and crops

Command› The government controls the economy› Decides what goods and services to produce› Decides how much to produces and how goods and

services are distributed› Sets wages and prices

Market› Based on private ownership, free trade and competition› Individuals and business are free to buy and sell what

they wish with little interference from the government› Prices are determined by supply and demand

Common types of Mixed Economies(page 120)› Communism› Socialist› Free Enterprise

What type of economy is the United States?

Mixed Economy(command and market)

Industries Agriculture

› Businesses that focus on growing crops and raising livestock

Manufacturing› Businesses that make finished products from raw

goods Service

› Business that provides services instead of goods Tertiary

› Wholesale Business that sell to business

› Retail Business that sell directly to final costumers

Developing vs Developed Developed

› Higher GDP› High Life expectancy› Higher quality of life› Advanced healthcare› Productive economy› High levels of education

Developing› Lower quality of life› Less productive economy› Lower life expectancy› Lower GDP› Less access to health care and technology