_____________HOOKE

The first to ____________

cells. Responsible for ____________

them

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________LEEUWENHOEK SCHLEIDEN SCHWANN VIRCHOW

Made better ______________

and observed cells in greater

______________. First to observe

______________

The first to note that

_____________ were made up of

___________

Concluded that all ___________ ___________

were made up of ___________

Proposed that all cells come from ____________

__________

IDENTIFY

NAMING

LENSES

DETAIL

NUCLEUS

PLANTS

CELLS

LIVING THINGS

CELLS

OTHER CELLS

CORK ANIMALCULES RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL THEORY

1. ___________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________

ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE OF CELLS

THE CELL IS THE MOST BASIC UNIT OF LIFE.

ALL EXISTING CELLS ARE PRODUCED BY OTHER LIVING CELLS

1st to see cell walls in cork tissue

Discovered the nucleus in plant cells

Said plants and animal tissues are composed of cells

All organisms are made of cells

The cell is the most basic unit of life

All existing cells are produced by other living cells

• Microscope Function Magnifies up to…

______________ microscope Uses light. __________

______________ microscope Light cannot pass. _________

______________ microscope Uses electrons __________

1000X

40X

500,000X

COMPOUND LIGHT

STEREO

ELECTRON

Also known as ______________ scopeDISSECTING

COMPOUND LIGHT STEREOSCOPE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

LIGHT MICROSCOPEeyepiece

Arm

Stage

Course Adjustment

Fine Adjustment

Base

Diaphragm

Light Source

Stage Clips

Turrett

Focus Objective

High Power Objective

Low Objective

Body Tube

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

14.

6.

7.

8.

9.

12.

11.

10.

13.

EYEPIECE

BODYTUBE

TURRETT

LOW POWER OBJECTIVE

STAGE

DIAPHRAGM

LIGHT SOURCE

BASE

FOCUS OBJECTIVE

ARM

FINE ADJUSTMENT

COURSE ADJUSTMENT

STAGE CLIPSHIGH POWER OBJECTIVE

The focus objective focuses __________ The low power objective focuses _______ The high power objective focuses _______Keep in mind, there is also a lens in the EYEPIECE

that focuses __________ “ON TOP OF” the magnificationof the objective lenses.

Therefore, _____________________________would be:_______________ X _________________

Practice: EYEPIECE X OBJECTIVE = TOTAL MAGNIFICATION

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF FOCUS POWER__________ X __________ = ______________

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF LOW POWER__________ X __________ = ______________

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF HIGH POWER__________ X __________ = ______________

4X10X40X

10X

TOTAL MAGNIFICATIONEYEPIECE OBJECTIVE

10 4 40 X

10 X 10 X 100 X

10 X 40 X 400 X

Where you place your eye.

Contains ______ ______ that

usually magnifies ______.

Tube that supports the ______ _______ and connects it to the _________________.ONE LENS

10x

EYE PIECE

TURRETT/NOSE PIECE

______________ that magnify objects to varying

__________.

FOCUS OBJECTIVE:

______________________________________________

LOW POWER OBJECTIVE:______________________________________________

HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE:______________________________________________

Holds the _____________

in place

SLIDE

LENSES

“POWERS”

SHORTEST LENS (4X) ONLY USED FOR SCANNING

SMALL LENS (10 X)LOW MAGNIFYING POWER

LONGEST LENS (40 X)HIGH MAGNIFYING POWER

Supports the _____________

Knobs that make adjustments to the ______________

COURSE ADJUSTMENT

___________________________________________________________________________

FINE ADJUSTMENT ___________________________________________________________________________

MICROSCOPE

FOCUS

MAKES LARGE ADJUSTMENTS

USED WITH FOCUS AND

LOW POWER OBJECTIVES

MAKES SMALL ADJUSTMENTS

USED WITH HIGH POWER

OBJECTIVE ONLY

Directs light up through the

______________ and through the

______________ so that it may be

______________

DIAPHRAGM

SPECIMEN

VIEWED

Supports the __________________SLIDE/SPECIMEN

Also known as the _______________. It is the rotating device that holds the

_____________/ (_________).

TURRETT

OBJECTIVES LENSES

An adjustable ________________ under the stage, allowing different __________ of __________

onto the stage.

OPENING

AMOUNTS LIGHT

arm - this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base.base - this supports the microscope.body tube - the tube that supports the eyepiece.coarse focus adjustment - a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus.diaphragm - an adjustable opening under the stage, allowing different amounts of light onto the stage.eyepiece - where you place your eye.fine focus adjustment - a knob that makes small adjustments to the focus (it is often smaller than the coarse focus knob).high-power objective - a large lens with high magnifying power.inclination joint - an adjustable joint that lets the arm tilt at various angles.low-power objective - a small lens with low magnifying power.mirror (or light source) - this directs light upwards onto the slide.revolving nosepiece - the rotating device that holds the objectives (lenses).stage - the platform on which a slide is placed.stage clips - metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the stage.

____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

arm - this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base.base - this supports the microscope.body tube - the tube that supports the eyepiece.coarse focus adjustment - a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus.diaphragm - an adjustable opening under the stage, allowing different amounts of light onto the stage.eyepiece - where you place your eye.fine focus adjustment - a knob that makes small adjustments to the focus (it is often smaller than the coarse focus knob).high-power objective - a large lens with high magnifying power.inclination joint - an adjustable joint that lets the arm tilt at various angles.low-power objective - a small lens with low magnifying power.mirror (or light source) - this directs light upwards onto the slide.revolving nosepiece - the rotating device that holds the objectives (lenses).stage - the platform on which a slide is placed.stage clips - metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the stage.

http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html

_______________

_______________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

The outer most side of an animal cell, that gives the cell shape and holds in cytoplasm.

(Also contains pores to allow some particles to move in and out of the cell.)

CELL

MEMBRANE

________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________

The clear, jellylike material between the cell membrane and the nucleus that makes up most of the cell

(Most of all cell activity occurs here.)

CYTOPLASM_______________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

______________

_

The control center of the cell.Parts of the Nucleus:

Nuclear Membrane: The membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Nuclear Pores: allow some particles to move in and out of the nucleus

Nucleolus

Chromosomes

NUCLEUS

____________________________

__

____________________________

__

The membrane that surrounds the nucleus. ________________________________________

NUCLEAR

MEMBRANE

NUCLEAR

PORES

Nuclear Membrane in Green

____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________

Thread-like cell parts with information that determines what traits a living thing will have.

CHROMOSOMESNuclear Membrane in Red

_______________

HELPS MAKE RIBOSOMES. ________________________________________

NUCLEOLUS

__________________________________________________________________________Responsible for supplying ENERGY to the cell.

____________MITOCHONDRIA

________________________________________________________________________________________

Helps digest, (break down), waste materials of cell.

____________LYSOSOMES

______________

______________

_______________________________________

GOLGI

APPARATUS

Packages materials for the cell.

_______________

_______________

________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________

Moves cell materials from cell membrane to nuclear membrane and visa versa.

(Can usually find ribosomes on this network.)

ENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUM

_______________

MAKES PROTEINS FOR THE BODY.

FOUND ON ENDOPLASMICE RETICULUM AND THROUGHOUT CYTOPLASM

RIBOSOMES

_____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________Parts of an ANIMAL cell that help with cell REPRODUCTION

____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________Stores food and water for cell

________VACUOLE

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

Contains many small vacuoles Contains one large “central vacuole that takes up most of the space inside of a plant cell

____________

_________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

The outer most side of an plant cell, (surrounds the cell

membrane), that gives the cell structure, and a specific shape.

(More rigid than cell membrane.)

CELL WALL

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The plant cell parts that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, which are responsible for

producing food.

CHLOROPLASTS______________________

Label the organelles of this animal cell. 1. _________________

2. _________________

3. _________________

4. _________________

5. _________________

6. _________________

7. _________________

8. _________________

9. _________________

10._________________

11._________________

12._________________

13._________________

1. NUCLEOLUS

2. NUCLEUS

3. RIBOSOMES

4. VESICLE

5. ROUGH ER

6. GOLGI BODIES

7. CELL MEMBRANE

8. SMOOTH ER

9. MITOCHONDRIA

10.VACUOLE

11.CYTOPLASM

12.LYSOSOME

13.CENTRIOLES

1. ____________

2. ____________

3. ____________

4. ____________

5. ____________

6. ____________

7. ____________

8. ____________

1._____________

2._____________3._____________

4._____________5._________

7.________

8._____________9._____________

11.___________

6._________

10.___________

12._______

12.__________

3._________

2.____________

1.____________4._________

5._________

6._________

7._________

8._________

9._________

10.___________

11.___________12.___________

1._____________

2._________________

3.__________

4.______________

5.______________

6.________________

7._________________

10.____________

9.____________

8.____________

7.____________

6._____________

5._____________

4.____________

3.____________

2.____________1._____________

1._______________

3._______________

4.______________

5._______________

6._______________

7._______________

8._______________

2._______________

1.__________________

2.__________________

3.__________________

4.__________________

5.__________________

6.__________________

7.__________________

8.__________________

9.__________________

10.__________________

11.__________________

12.__________________

1._________

2.____________

3._______________

4.______________________

5.______________________

6.______________________

7.______________________

8.______________________

9._____________________

11._____________________

10.___________

1. _____________

2. _____________

3. _____________

4. _____________

5. _____________

6. ________________

7. _____________

8. _____________

9. _____________

10. _____________

11. _____________

12. _____________

1. ____________________ 2. ____________________

3. ____________________

4. ____________________

5. ____________________

6. ____________________

7. ____________________

8. ____________________

9. ____________________

10. ____________

11. __________

1. ____________________ 2. ____________________

3. ____________________

4. ____________________

5. ____________________

6. ____________________7. ____________________

8. ____________________

9. ____________________

10. ____________________

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

List the cell organelles that are “shared” by both animal and plant cells on the lines in the middle column. List the organelles that are specialized parts in the boxes indicated.

Plant Cell Differences from Animal Cell…

• Cell Wall: Made of cellulose are only found around plant cells. Allows plants to grow to great heights while still allowing the plant to keep it’s shape.

• Chloroplasts: conduct photosynthesis; absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant.

• Vacuole: stores food, water, and minerals

• Cell membrane: controls what moves into and out of the cell• Nucleus: regulates ALL cell activity, commands the cell.• Chromosomes: In the nucleus of each cell, made up of DNA,

thread like structures tightly coiled, determines what traits a living thing will have

• Ribosomes: Cell part where proteins are made. (Proteins-building block to life, a sequence of amino acids)

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Appears rough b/c ribosomes are embedded in it’s membrane. RER- transport chemicals between and within the cell

• Digestive Sac: Destroys worn out parts, gets rid of • Mitochondria: are the cell's power producers. They convert

energy into forms that are usable by the cell.• Golgi: packages proteins inside the cell before they are sent to

their destination• Centrioles: All animal cells have 2, they help in reproduction

Can you label the following animal cell?

MitochondriaCell membraneNucleolusNucleusDigestive SacNuclear membraneCytoplasmGolgiRibosomes

Your Turn!Label and Color Your Own Animal Cell

Work Sheet!

Activity: Label Animal Cell Worksheet

Your Turn!Label and Color Your Own Animal Cell

Work Sheet!

Activity: Label Plant Cell Worksheet

Can you label the following plant cell?

SER: packages proteinsAmyloplast: Transforms glucose into starchCytoplasm: Fluid that fills a cell

Parts of a city

a. Power plant b. Fence around the city with gates c. Streets

d. Wrecking company e. City hall with planning department f. Warehouse

g. Storage company h. factories

1. ______ Cell Membrane function: _______________________________________

2. ______ Nucleus function: ____________________________________________

3. ______ Endoplasmic Reticulum function: ________________________________

4. ______ Ribosomes function: __________________________________________

5. ______ Golgi Bodies function: _________________________________________

6. ______ Mitochondria function: _________________________________________

7. ______ Lysosomes function: __________________________________________

8. ______ Vacuoles function: ____________________________________________

To get an idea of how a cell works, compare it to a city. Both a city and a cell act as their own environments, with many parts working together. Parts of the cell are like parts of the city. In some ways, cell parts and city parts are alike in the way they work.

Try to figure out which parts of the cell are like which parts of the city. First, write the functions of he cells parts listed below. Then, look at the list of parts of a city. Think about how each part of the city works. Finally, next to each cell part, write the letter that goes with the part of the city that has the most similar function

Comparing a cell to a town…• Cell membrane= compared to a town fence or

border- controlling what comes into or out of a town/cell

• Cell nucleus= the town’s police station- regulating all activity in the town

• Chromosomes= a town’s blueprints found in the police station, blueprints to the town

• RER= An airport-transports• Digestive Sacs= Trash men- gets rid of wastes• Mitochondria= The gym-energy• Golgi=Post Office-packages

Transport across Cell Membrane’s…

• The cell membrane has the property of selective permeability- meaning it allows some but not all materials to cross over the membrane into the cell.

• Passive transport: the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from the cell.

• Facilitated transport: the diffusion of molecules across a membrane through protein.

• Active transport: drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

A cell may also use energy to move a large substance or a large amount of a substance in vesicles. Transport in vesicles lets substances enter or exit a cell without crossing through the membrane.

Endocytosis: taking liquids into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane. The cell membrane makes a pocket around the substance, the pocket breaks off inside the cell and forms a vesicle which then fuses with a lysosome. Lysosome breaks it down and it is released into the cell.

Phagocytosis: a type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane engulfs large particles.

Exocytosis: it is the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.

Diffusion

Diffusion Video

Diffusion:

Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

Osmosis

Osmosis video

Osmosis: The movement of water across the cell membrane

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

**When there are more water molecules outside the cell, they move into the cell. When there are more water molecules inside the cell, they move out!**

Organization

CellTissueOrganOrgan System Organism

Cells from intestineconnective tissuesmall intestinedigestive systemhuman

A group if cells makes up a tissue, a group of tissues make up an organ, a group of organs make up an organ system…