ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{gLlt th{'df

ljifout ;d'x jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts >f]t ljifout ;d"xsf] k/fdz{

a}7saf6 k|fKt ;'emfj tyf gLltut ;dLIffaf6 ;+Zn]lift k|ltj]bg

kl/ro

;+;f/e/L g} ljkb\ tyf hf]lvd jftfj/0fLo x|f;aLr u'h|]sf] x'G5 . slxn] ljkb\n]

jftfj/0fnfO{ c;Gt'lnt kf/]/ 5f8]sf] x'G5 eg] slxn] c;Gt'lnt jftfj/0fn] hf]lvd

a9fP/ lakb\nfO{ lgDTofPsf] x'G5 . jftfj/0f eGgfn] oxfF ;a}vfn] k|fs[lts >f]t jf ltgsf

cj:yfx?, h:t} 3fd, xfjf, kfgL, df6f], / jg–jg:klt clg jGohGt' jf ;du| h}las

ljljwtfnfO{ hgfpF5 . k|fs[lts hf]lvdsf] s'/f ubf{ tL ;a} k|fs[lts rqmleq kb{5g\, h:t}

r6\of+Ë, e"sDk, af9L, klx/f], v8]/L cflb . s}of]+ dfgjLo lqmofsnfk / pTkfbgx? eg]

k|sf]ksf] kof{oh:t} ePsf 5g\, h:t} sL6gfzs laiffbL, w'nf]–w'jfF, le/fnf v]taf/L, kx/f

kmf]/L agfO{Psf /fhdfu{x?, gbL lsgf/sf a:tL, cflb . kl5Nnf] ;do, dfgj l;lh{t

hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 csNkgLo ljkb\sf] r'gf}tL cfOkg]{ s'/f ca csf6\oh:t} 5 .

ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;DalGw gLlt th{'dfsf] klxnf] zt{ s]xf] eg] k|fs[lts hf]lvdsf]

lg/f]w jf lg/fs/0f x'Fb}g, x'G5 t s]jn To;sf] lgbfg, lg?k0f / Go"gLs/0f . j}1flgs

1fgsf] clej¢L / k|ljlw ljsf;n] casf dflg;df k|sf]k k|fs[lts xf], b}aL xf]O{g eGg]

r]tgf v'n]sf] 5, ljkb\ af]wdf of] 7"nf] pknlAw xf] . ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0f

olx r]tgfsf] cleJolQm xf] h;af6 hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ofjt pkfox?sf] vf]hL tyf

ljsf; x'Fb}5 . tyfkL, clxn] ;Ddsf tL pkfox?df dfq dflg; To;sf] s]G›df 5, /

pgsf] ;dfh clg ef}lts ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff To;sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df 5g\ . k|fs[lts jf;:yfg,

ToxfF cfl>t ljp–jg:klt jGohGt', / k|fs[lts >f]tx?df ljkb\n] k'–ofpg] Ifltsf af/]

xfd|f] Joj:yfkg emG8} df}g b]lvG5 .

dflg; tyf k|s[ltlar cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw 5, clxn] ;Ddsf] xfd|f] :jLsf/f]lQm oxfF;Dd

dfq xf] . oyfy{df dflg; k"0f{?k]0f k|s[ltdf cfl>t 5g\, p;sf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;Dk"0f{

;fwgx? eg]sf kl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf ;]jfx? x'g\ . ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf oL

;]jfx?nfO{ cIf'00f /fVg] k|fyldstfn] :yfg kfpFbf, kl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf ;a} cjojx?

cyf{t\ jftfj/0f / k|fs[lts >f]tsf] lgaf{w ;+rfng eOsg dflg;n] cfˆgf] dfq xf]Og

alNs cGo hLj / lghL{jx? ;d]tsf] ;'/Iff x'g] cj:yfsf] cg'ej ug]{ 5 . ctM

kl/l:yltsL ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg …O{sf] 8Lcf/cf/Ú cfhsf] cjZostf xf] .

gLltut ;dLIff

g]kfndf ljkb\ hf]lvd Joa:yfkg sfo{l{;t ;Da4 jf ltgnfO{ ;xh ug]{ ljleGg P]g–sfg'g

/ gLlt–lgb]]{l{zsfx? ljBdfg 5g\ . ljleGg ;dodf ag]sf tL P]g / gLltut b:tfa]hdWo]

s]lxsf] oxfF ;dLIff ul/Psf] 5 .

P]g tyf lgodfjnL

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ df k|fs[lts ;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / pkof]u ;DaGwL

gLltdf hnpTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f / gbLsf] Joj:yfkg ub}{ lbuf] / e/kbf]{ l;+rfOsf]

ljsf; ug]{ eg]/ pNn]lvt 5 . o; gLltdf k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 x'g] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{

k"j{ ;"rgf, tof/L, p4f/, /fxt Pj+ k'g:yf{kgf ug{] eg]/ pNn]lvt 5 .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ df cfof]hgf ;~rfng eP kZrft\ cltj[li6,

cgfj[li6, af9L, k}x|f], e"Ifo, h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]k sf] ;d:of pTkGg eP jf gePsf] x]g]{

sfo{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ lbPsf] 5 .

ejg P]g,@)%% df e"sDk, cfunfuL tyf cGo b}jL k|sf]kaf6 ejgx?df kg{ ;Sg]

IfltnfO{ oyf;Dej sd ug{ ejg lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ lgoldt u/fpg ejg lgdf{0f Joj:yf

;'b[lbs/0f ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 .

hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg gLlt, @)&@ df jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] k|fjwfg 5 . o;

gLltdf hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f sfo{af6 kg{ ;Sg] jftfj/0fLo gsf/fTds k|efj Go"g

x'g] u/L lgoGq0f sfo{ ;DkGg ul/g]5 egL pNn]lvt 5 . o;sf nflu ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L

/ :yfgLo :t/df cfjZos hgr]tgf clea[l4 ul/g]5 . hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f

sfo{af6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds c;/sf ;DjGwdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ tyf

;fdflhs k/LIf0fnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ agfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd jftfj/0fLo k|efj

d"Nofs+g (EIA) jf k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f (IEE) ul/g] k|fjwfg 5 . jftfj/0fLo

k|efj d"Nofs+g (EIA) jf k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf k|d'v

;'emfjx?nfO{ lgoGq0f sfo{;Fu cfj4 u/L ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

hn;|f]t P]g, @)$( o; P]gdf hn;|f]t pkof]u ug{ cg'''dlt Joj:yfdf hn;|f]tsf] ;j]{If0f

jf pkof]u ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt ljifosf] cfly{s, k|fljlws /

jftfj/0fLo cWoog k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . ;fy} hn;||f]tnfO{ k|b""lift ug{ gx'''gsf]

nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]lsPsf] hn;|f]tsf] k|b"if0f

;xg–;Ldf gf£g] u/L s;}n] klg s'g} lsl;dsf] kmf]x/d}nf, cf}Bf]lus lgsf;, ljif,

/;folgs jf ljiffn' kbfy{ xfnL jf k|of]u u/L hn;|f]tnfO{ k|b"lift ug'{ x'Fb}g . jftfj/0fdf

pNn]]vgLo k|lts"n c;/ kfg{ hn;|f]tsf] pkof]u ubf{ e"–Ifo, af9L, klx/f] jf o:t} c¿

sf/0fåf/f jftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .

e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f P]g, @)#( df af9L, k}x|f], e"–Ifo h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] lgoGq0f

u/L e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . k|fs[lts k|sf]k x'g]

jf x'g ;Sg] ;+/lIft hnfwf/ If]qleqsf] hUufdf lgif]lwt sfo{x?df kmf]x/ d}nf tyf o:t}

jftfj/0f b"lift kfg]{ vfnsf] cGo sl;+u/x? kmofFSg] jf To:tf] kmf]x/ d}nf / sl;+u/x?

y'kfg]{ jf /fVg] 7fpFsf] lgdf{0f ug{ gkfpg] k|fjwfg 5 . ;fy e}/x]sf] jg hËn, ?v, lj?jf,

´f/kft, 3fF; jf cGo k|fs[lts jg:klt sf6\g] jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] gi6 ug{ gkfpg]

pNn]lvt 5 .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# df jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 pTkGg

x'g] jftfj/0fLo x|f;nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .

hnjfo' kl/jt{g gLlt, @)^& sf p2]Zox¿ k|flKtsf nflu cjnDjg ul/Psf gLltx¿dWo]

hnjfo' cg''s""ng, k|sf]k Pjd\ hf]]lvd Go""gLs/0f cGtut{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 l;lh{t hn–

pTkGg k|sf]k Pjd\ hf]lvdsf] k"jf{g'dfg ub}{ k"j{ ;"rgf lbg tyf /f]syfdsf pkfox¿sf]

cjnDag ug{ cfjZos ;+oGqsf] ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog u/L ltgsf] lgoldt lg/LIf0f tyf

sfo{ Ifdtf ;'b[9 ug]{ egL pNn]lvt ul/Psf] 5 .

s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf gLlt, @)^# df bL3{sflng ¿kdf s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f Pj+

;+j4{g u/L kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng clea[l4 ug{ cjnDag ul/Psf] gLltx¿df ljsf;

sfo{s|dx¿ ;+rfngsf nflu jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofFsg ubf{ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{

ljz]if dxTj lbg] pNn]lvt ul/Psf] 5 . o; gLltdf k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 s[lifdf x'g]

k|efjnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .

/fli6«o s[[lif gLlt, @)^! sf p2]]Zox¿df k|fs[lts >f]t, jftfj/0f / h}ljs ljljwtfsf]

;+/If0f, ;Da4{g Pj+ ;b'kof]u ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . o;df k|fs[lts k|sf]k cltj[li6, cgfj[li6,

/f]u, sL/f Pj+ cGo b}jL k|sf]kx¿sf] cf+sng / s[lif /fxt kl/rfngsf nflu ;e]{ ;le{n]G;

k|0ffnL :yflkt u/L lqmofzLn /flvg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

l;++rfO gLlt, @)^) sf p2]Zox¿ k|flKtsf nflu cjnDjg ul/Psf gLltx¿dWo] cfof]hgf

th'{df ubf{ Plss[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf l;+4fGt cg'¿k ;/f]sf/jfnf (Stakeholder)

nfO{ cfjZos kfgLsf] pknAwtf, nufgLsf] k|ltkmn, nfutdf lx:;]bf/L Pj+ b}jLk|sf]k

lj?4sf] :j–ljdf -Self Insurance_ ug]{ u/L ul/g]5 egL pNn]lvt ul/Psf] 5 .

k|sf]k kLl8t p4f/ / /fxt;DaGwL dfkb08 @)^$ h_ k|sf]ksf kLl8tx?nfO{ k'gM:yfkg

tyf k'gMlgdf{0fsf nflu k|rlnt gLlt adf]lhd acGtu{tsf] lhNnfl:yt tf]lsPsf] lgsfon]

;x'lnot b/df sf7 pknAw u/fpg] . `_ e"sDk, af9L, klx/f], cfunfuL, cl;gfkfgL, x'/L

atf;, r6\ofË, zLtnx/, lxdkftsf ;fy} xjfO{, ;8s Pj+ 8'Ëf b'3{6gfaf6 k|efljt

kLl8tx?nfO{ dfq /fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg]

/fli6«o ;x/L ljsf; /0fgLltdf ljkb\ / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ ax"–

k|sf]k pkudgsf] k|jw{gnfO{ Ps d'Vo /0fgLltsf ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

o;sf cltl/Qm k"j{tof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf sfdnfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{ cGo s]xL lgodfjnL

jf lgb]{lzsfx? klg k|of]udf 5g\ . tLdWo] s]xL d'Vo lgDg 5g\ –

• vf]h tyf p4f/sf nflu /fli6«o /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf, @)&!

• ljkb\ kLl8t k'gjf{; ;+rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&!

• k|wfgdGqL b}jLk|sf]k p4f/ sf]if ;~rfng lgodfanL, @)^#

• ljkb\ kZrft\sf] zj Joj:yfkg;DaGwL dfu{bz{g, @)^*

• k|sf]k kLl8t p4f/ / /fxt;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^$

• *# j6f v'NnfIf]q sfod ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o, @)^(

• ljkb\kLl8t k'gjf{; ;+rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&!

• af?0foGq ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)^&

• /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;of]u kl/rfng lgb]l{\zsf, @)&@

• /fli6«o l:ylt–kq SofGs'g ;g @)!&

cfjlws ljsf; of]hgf

g]kfnsf] cfjlws ljsf; of]hgfx?df, g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljkb hf]lvd Joa:yfkg

sfo{qmdnfO{ klxnf]kN6 b;f}+ ljsf; of]hgfdf /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . o;df b'Oj6f kl/R5]bx?

lyP kl/R5]b !& n] hnpTkGg lakb\sf] tof/LlglDt dxTj bzf{Psf] lyof] eg] kl/R5]b @@

n] hg;+Vof ljifos a'FbfnfO{ pNn]v u/]sf] lyof] .

g]kfnsf] !! cf}F of]hgfn] jftfjf/0fd}qL ljsf;sf] k|jb{\wgnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] / ;f]xL

cg';f/ ljsf; tyf lgdf{0f sfo{x?df jftfj/0fd}qL k|0ffnLx?sf] /0fgLlt tof/ kg]{ / nfu'

ug]{ s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{gLlttkm{ jftfj/0fLo k|efa d'Nof+sg / k|fs[lts hf]lvd

d'Nof+sgnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{, df};d elaioaf0fLsf] k|ljlw cem e/kbf]{ / ;an agfpg], e"–Ifo,

klx/f], af9L / gbL s6fg lgoGq0fnfO{ k|efasf/L 9Ën] nfu' ug]{ h:tf s'/fx? n]lvPsf]

lyof] . To:t}, hf]lvd k|sf]k cWoog / gS;f+sgsf] sfo{qmd klg pQm of]hgfdf ;dfa]z

lyof] .

!@ cf}+ of]hgfdf ljkb\ Aoa:yfkgsf] lzif{s cWofo ^ df k"jf{wf/ ljsf; gLltleq

;d]l6Psf] 5 . o; of]hgfdf ljkb\ Aoa:yfkgsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r g]kfnnfO{ h'g;'s}

vfnsf k|fs[lts tyf u}/k|fs[lts ljkb\\af6 pTyfgzLn agfpg] / p2]Zo ljkb\\af6 x'g]

dfgjLo, cfly{s ;fdflhs, k|fs[lts IfltnfO{ Go"gtd ug]{ lnOPsf] 5 . /0fgLltdf ljkb\\sf]

;+efljt hf]lvdnfO{ sd ug{ ljkb\\ /f]syfd / Go"lgs/0fdf hf]8 lbg], If]qut ljsf;sf

gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?df ljkb\\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{, sfg"gL, gLltut

tyf ;+:yfut ;+/rgf ljsf; ug]{ / sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ub}{ hfg],

/ ljkb\\af6 x'g] hgwgsf] IfltnfO{ Go"g ug{ cfktsfnLg k"j{tof/L tyf k|ltsfo{ Ifdtfdf

clej[l4 ug]{ .

ljkb\ hf]lvd Aoa:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf !# cf}+ of]hgfsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r g]kfnnfO{ ;a}

k|sf/sf k|fs[lts tyf dfgjLo k|sf]ksf] hf]lvdaf6 ljkb\ ;xgzLn (disaster resilient)

agfpg] eGg] lyof] / p2]Zodf k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd tyf o;sf c;/x¿nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{

ljkb\ Joj:yfkgnfO{ ljsf; k|lqmofdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ eGg] lyof] . To:t}, o;

of]hgfn] tLgj6f /0fgLltx? cjnDag u/]sf] lyof]M s_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf ;j} rqmx¿sf

sfo{ x¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL k|efjsf/L sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut

Joj:yf ug]{ . v_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sfo{df u}/;/sf/L, lghL If]q tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfo

;d]tsf] ;fem]bf/L clej[l4 ub}{ ;"rgf k|jfx / ;dGjo sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg], / u_

ljkb\af6 pTkGg kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ k"j{ tof/L tyf k|ltsfo{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ . !#

cf}+ of]hgfdf hnpTkGg ljkb\ Joa:yfkgsf] klg Ps cnu a'Fbf /flvPsf] 5 .

!$ cf}+ of]hgfdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] ljifo leGbfleGb} rf/j6f kl/R5]bx?df ;dfa]z

ul/Psf] 5 . kl/R5]b $ If]qut ljsf; gLltx?df l;FrfO{ tyf k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf

/flvPsf 5, kl/R5]b ^ sf] cGt/;DalGwt ljsf; gLltx? cGtu{t ljkb\ Joj:yfkg,

jftfj/0f tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] lzif{s /flvPsf] 5 . kl/R5]b ( sf] rf}wf}+ of]hgfsf]

glthf vfsfdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg / k'glg{df{0fsf] glthf ;'rsx? ;d]tsf] tflnsf k|:t't

ul/Psf] 5 .

ljlw tyf k|lqmof

jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts >f]t sfo{;d"xsf] d'Vo g]t[Tj ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf;

dGqfnon] u/]sf] lyof] eg] ;x–g]t[Tj hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno / jg tyf e"–

;+/If0f dGqfnoaf6 ePsf] lyof] . o; sfo{ ;d"xnfO{ d'ntof l;sfOx?sf] clen]v /

ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] klxrfg u/L ;g\ @)!% sf] uf]/vf e"sDksf kf7x? ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/

/fVb} ;]G8fO{ sfo{ of]hgf;Fu :ffb[Zotf /fVg] vfnsf] ;d"xut sfo{ of]hgf ;'emfpg]

sfof{b]z lyof] .

o;qmddf ;j{k|yd ;]G8fO{ sfo{of]hgf / ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^^

sf] lj:t[t cWoog / ;dLIff ul/of] . To;kl5 g]kfndf ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg;Fu ;Dj4

P]g, lgod, lgodfjnL, lgb]{lzsf nufotsf b:tfj]hx?sf] cWoog / ;dLIff ul/of] .

b:tfj]haf6 k|fKt j'Fbfx?nfO{ ;]G8fO{ sfo{ of]hgfsf rf/ k|fyldstfsf If]q l;t ldnfg

u/L Pp6f tflnsf tof/ ul/of] . pQm tflnsf nfO{ qmdzM ;fd"lxsLs/0f ub}{ ;]G8fO{ sfo{

of]hgf;Fu cem a9L ;fldKotf /fVb} k|fyldsLs/0f ub}{ /0fgLlts txtkm{ pGd'v u/fOof] .

o; qmddf @)&$ j}zfv @% ut] ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoåf/f k|yd

kl/rofTds a}7s u/L klxnf] k|:t'lt / 5nkmn ul/of] . a}7sdf @& hgfsf] pkl:ylt lyof]

/ ;xefuLx?af6 ;'emfj ;Íng ul/ n]vg sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fOof] . bf]>f] r/0fdf @)&$

c;f/ @( ut] ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf;df bf]>f] k/fdz{ a}7s u/L sfdsf]

cBfjlws ljj/0f k|:t't ul/of] . pQm a}7sdf sl/a @% cfdlGqt ;xefuLsf] pkl:ylt

lyof] . a}7sdf k|ltj]bg k|:t't e} j'Fbfut 5nkmn / k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ul/of] .

dGqfnoaf6 cfof]lht a}7ssf cltl/Qm sfo{ ;d'xsf ljifol;t ;Da4 dGqfno /

ljefudf u}sg 5nkmnx? klg /flvP ;fy;fy} ljifo 1ftfx?l;t klg e]63f6 / 5nkmn

ul/of] .

k|:t't k|ltj]bg sf] d:of}bf plNnlvt laleGg r/0fdf ul/Psf a}7sx? / ToxfFaf6 k|fKt;'emfjnfO{ ;d]6\b} g]t[Tj ug]{ u[x dGqfno / ;x–g]t[Tj ug]{ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf

:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf lhDd]jf/ clws[tx?;Fu ;flgWodf /xL tof/ kf/L k|ltj]bgnfO{

Pp6f :j?kdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .

k|ltj]bgsf] ;+/rgf

jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts >f]t sfo{;d"xsf] of] k|ltj]bgn] ;]G8fO{ sfo{of]hgfsf rf/

k|fyldstfsf sfo{If]qnfO{ k5\ofpGb} x/]s k|fyldstfsf If]qnfO{ ;s];Dd g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df

hf]8\g] k|ofz ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf nflu k|fyldstfsf sfo{If]qsf] k|f/Dedf Pp6f ;+lIfKt

kl/rofTds cfn]v /flvPsf] 5 . To;kl5 d'Vo / /0fgLlts kIfx?sf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .

tL x/]s /0fgLlts kIfx?df xfnsf] l:Yfltsf] ;+lIfKt / j'Fbfut clen]v ug'{kg]{

gLltut÷sfo{qmlds cfjZostfsf] j'Fbfut klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . To:tf x/]s j'Fbfsf]

sfoljlw / lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf] klxrfg klg ;fy;fy} ul/Psf] 5 . o;cl3 ;du| gLltut

;dLIff / sfo{ljlwnfO{ klg o; k|ltj]bgdf clen]v ul/Psf] 5 .

s_ ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] a'emfO

hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ljkb\ hf]lvd / ;+s6fled'vtfsf] ;xL klxrfg ug{;Sg' klxnf]

dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ . o:tf] a'emfO{sf] clejl[4n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DjGwL lg0f{o

k|lqmofnfO{ ;xL 9+uaf6 lgb]{lzt u5{ ;fy} k|ltsfo{sf] nflu pko'Qm k"j{ tof/LnfO{ klg

;xL lbzflgb]{z ug{ ;S5 . g]kfndf ljkb\hGo ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf u[x dGqfno, df};d tyf

hnjfo' ljefu, e"ue{ ljefu nufotsf ;/sf/L lgsfox? ;lqmo 5g\ . ljkb\hGo

wghgsf] Iflt, tYof+ssf] k|df0fLs/0f / clen]vLs/0fsf] sfddf eg] u[x dGqfno cGtu{t

/fli6«o cfktsfnLg sfo{ ;~rfng s]Gb|n] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] 5 . ljkb\ ;DjGwL tYof+s /

;"rgfsf] ;+sng / clen]vLs/0fsf] sfdnfO{ Psflt/ yk Jojl:yt agfpg afFsL 5 eg]

tL ;"rgfsf] lg/Gt/ / cfjlws ljZn]if0f u/L hf]lvd ;"rgfnfO{ hg:t/df k'¥ofpg w]/} g}

k|of:f ug{ afFsL 5 .

sfo{;"rL

jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts >f]tsf b[li6n] ljkb\ hf]lvdsf] a'emfO{sf d'Vo sfo{;"rLx? lgDg

jdf]lhd 5g\ –

!_ k|fs[lts >f]tx?sf] gS;f+sg (Mapping Natural Resource)

@_ k|sf]k, ;Íf6f;Ggtf, hf]lvd d"Nof+sg (Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk

Assessment)

#_ 1fg pTkfbg tyf Aoa:yfkg (Knowledge Generation and Management)

xfnsf] l:ylt

sfo{;"rL ! M k|fs[lts >f]tx?sf] gS;f+sg

o; sfo{;"rLdf lgDg tLgj6f If]qsf] klxrfg 5, h;sf] xfnsf] l:ylt ;lxt tn k|:t't ul/Psf]

5 .

!=! e"ld / df6f] (Land-soil):

e"ld / df6f]sf] rl/q bzf{pg] g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf] ef}ule{s gS;f ;g\ !(($ pknAw 5 . e"sDk /

cGo k|sf]ksf] lj:t[t rl/q tof/ ug{ afFsL . ;fy} t/ntf (Liquefaction) k|sf]k gS;f klg

l;ldt zx/–a:tL -sf7df08f} pkTosf_ sf] nfludfq pknAw 5 .

!=@ jg tyf h}ljs lalawtf (Forest and Biodiversity) :

jg If]qsf] x}l;ot bzf{pg] cfjlws gS;f -@)!^_ k"/f b]zsf] ;fy} gofF ;+/rgfcg';f/ &$$

O{nfsfsf] pknAw ePsf] 5, tyfkL ltgdf ljkb\ tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] kl/j]z ;dfj]z ug{

afFsL 5 .

!=# l;d;f/ tyf hnfzo (Lake and Wetlands) :

xfndf l;d;f/ tyf hnfzosf ;DaGwdf 6f]kf]–Dofkdf cfwfl/t &% lhNnfsf l;d;f/ tyf

hnfzox?sf] ;+Vof u0fgfsf] gS;f pknAw tyfkL ltgsf] cfsf/ If]qsf] d"Nof+sg ePsf] /

hf]lvd ;+s6fled'vtf;DaGwL ;"rgf pknAw 5}g .

!=$ zx/L jfo' (Urban Air) :

g]kfndf kxf8L ufpFsf] jfo' ;kmf eP tfklg zx/–ahf/ / t/fO{lt/sf] jl:tx?sf] jfo' k|b"lift

5 . k|b"lift jfo' d'Votof /f]u–Aoflwsf] sf/0f aGb5 . xfndf xfdLl;t sf7df08f} pkTosfsf]

jfo'sf] u'0f:t/;DaGwL k|ltj]bg pknAw 5, cGo zx/sf] cWoog gePsf] cj:yf 5 .

sfo{of]hgf !

qmd sfo{ ;do l;d lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

!=!=! • e"sDk / cGo k|sf]ksf]

lj:t[t rl/q bzf{pg]

gS;f+sg tof/ ug]{ .

;g\ @)@% ;Dd vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu, lqe'jg

ljZjljBfno, sf7df08f}

ljZjljBfno, ljz]if1x?sf]

Joj;flos ;dfh

!=@=! • ljkb tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg

;lxtsf] jg cjl:ylt tof/

kfg]{

• h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cj:yf /

;g\ @)@) ;Dd jg ljefu, e" tyf hnfwf/

;+/If0f ljefu, /fli6«o lgs'~h

tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu,

vfgL tyf e"–ue{ ljefu,

To;df x'g;Sg] ljkb\

cfz+sfsf] lgbfg÷klxrfg

jg:klt ljefu, ljZjljBfno

!=@=# • k|sf]k;DaGwL ;"rgf ;lxtsf]

lhNnf :t/Lo l;d;f/ /

hnfzosf] ljj/0f tof/

ug]{ .

;g\ @)@) ;Dd jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno,

O{l;df]8 / cfO{o";LPg, lqe'jg

ljZjljBfno, sf7df08f}

ljZjljBfno

!=@=$ • k|d'v zx/x?sf] jfo'–u'0f:t/

cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{

;g\ @)@% ;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/ jftfj/0f ljefu,

gf:6, cg';Gwfgd'vL u}/–;/sf/L

;+:yf

sfo{;"rL @ M k|sf]k, ;ª\s6f;Ggtf, hf]lvd d"Nof+sg (Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment)

o; sfo{;"rL cGtu{t ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu lgDg rf/ d'Vo If]qx?sf] klxrfg

ul/Psf] 5 .

!= hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;ª\s6f;Ggtf d"Nof+sg (Climate change vulnerability assessment)

@= ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf k|fs[lts >f]t d"Nof+sg

#= hnfwf/ txdf hf]lvd ;Da]bgzLn e"–pkof]u of]hgf (Risk sensitive land use plan in

watershed level)

$= df6f]sf] vlt / e"–Ifo d"Nof+sg (Soil loss and erosion assessment)

xfnsf] l:ylt

@=! hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;ª\s6f;Ggtf d"Nof+sg M hnjfo' cg's'ng sfo{of]hgf (NAPA) tof/ kg]{

l;nl;nfdf b]zsf &% lhNnfsf] ;ª\s6f;Ggtf d"Nof+sg tof/ ePsf] 5 . kl5 :yfgLo

sfo{gLltsf (LAPA) tof/ e} g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 ufpF :t/Lo / ;d'bfo :t/Lo

;ª\s6f;Ggtf d"Nof+sg tof/Lsf s]lx cfof]hgfx? ;~rfng eP . xfn;Dd s]lx l;ldt

ufpFkflnsfsf] dfq To:tf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ Ifdtfsf] cefj v6\lsPsf] 5 .

@=@ ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf k|fs[lts >f]t d"Nof+sg M :yfgLo ljkb hf]lvd Joj:yfkg

of]hgf @)^* df k|fs[lts >f]t d"Nof+sgsf] cg';"rL ;+nUg ePsf] 5 . o:tf] of]hgf s]lx

yf]/} gu/ tyf ufpFkflnsfx?sf] th'{df ePsf] 5, h'g jf:tjdf ;j} :yfgLo lgsfox?sf

nflu cfjZos 5 .

@=# hnfwf/ txdf hf]lvd ;Da]bgzLn e"–pkof]u of]hgf M hnfwf/ txdf hf]lvd ;Da]bgzLn

e"–pkof]u of]hgf th'{df ePsf] 5, tyfkL ltgdf PsLs[t of]hgfsf] cefj b]lvG5 .

@=$ df6f]sf] vlt / e"–Ifo d"Nof+sg M df6f]sf] vlt / e"–Ifo d"Nof+sg clg cfjZosLo dfkg

eP tfklg xfnnfO{ s]lx l;ldt lhnfwf/x?df dfq ePsf] 5 .

sfo{of]hgf @

qmd sfo{ ;do l;d lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

@=!=! • ;d'bfo;lxtsf] ;+nUgtfdf

;ª\s6f;Ggtf d"Nof+sg

tof/ ug]{ / j}1flgs 1fgsf]

clej[l4 / cfjlws

k|ltj]bgx? pknAw ug]{ .

;g\ @)@) ;Dd ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo

ljsf; dGqfno, u[x dGqfno,

hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?,

k|fl1s ;+:yfgx?

@=!=@ • ;j} gu/ tyf

ufpFkflnsfx?sf] ljkb\

hf]lvd Joj:yfkg of]hgf

th'{df ug]{ / of]hgfdf

jftfj/0f k|fs[lts >f]t

PsLs[t ug]{ .

;g\ @)@) ;Dd u[x dGqfno, hg;+Vof tyf

jftfj/0f dGqfno, u}/ ;/sf/L

;+:yfx?, k|fl1s ;+:yfgx?

@=!=# • k|To]s ;+3df d'Vo

;Da]bgzLn hnfwf/x?sf]

ax'–k|sf]k hf]lvdsf]

d"Nof+sg ;lxtsf] e"–pkof]u

gS;f tof/ kg]{ .

;g\ @)@) ;Dd e"–tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f ljefu,

u[x dGqfno, ;+l3o dfldnf tyf

:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno,

hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno, k|fl1s ;+:yfgx?

@=!=$ • b]zel/sf] hnfwf/x?df

df6f]sf] vlt / e"–Ifo

d"Nof+sg / gS;f+sg tof/

kfg]{ .

;g\ @)@) ;Dd e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f ljefu,

;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yfgLo

ljsf; dGqfno, k|fl1s

;+:yfgx?

sfo{;"rL #= 1fg pTkfbg tyf Joj:yfkg (Knowledge Generation and Management)

o; sfo{;"rLdf klg tLgj6f k|d'v If]qx? klxrfg ul/Psf] 5, h;sf] xfnsf] l:ylt ;+lIfKtdf

tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

#=! ;/sf/L lgsfodf ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg 1fg (DRR knowledge in government institutions):

nf]s ;]jf cfof]u, k|zf;g k|lti7fg, tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ hf]lvd

Joj:yfkgsf] kf7 ;dfj]z ePsf] kfOG5, tyfkL kf7x? a9L dfgj s]lGb|t 5g\ / ltgnfO{

jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts >f]tl;t PsLs[t ul/g' kg]{ b]lvG5 .

#=@ ljBfno tyf ljZjljBfno lzIff (School and University education) M g]kfnsf ljBfno /

ljZjljBfno kf7\oqmddf ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ljifo÷kf7 ;dfj]z ePsf] 5 . o;df

ljBdfg ;d:of eg]sf] lzIf0f k|0ffnL Hofbf ;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s 1fgsf] sdL xf] .

#=# 1fg Joj:yfkg tyf ;"rgf ;]jf (Knowledge management and information service) : ljkb\

hf]lvd 1fg pTkfbgdf qmlds ljsf; e}/x]sf] 5, tyfkL ltgsf] ;+:yfut Joj:yfkgsf]

cefj / w]/}h;f] 1fg JolQmdf l;ldt /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

sfo{of]hgf #

qmd sfo{ ;do l;d lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

#=! • kf7\oqmdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg /

kl/dfh{g ug]{

;g\ @)@)

;Dd

nf]s ;]jhf cfof]u, k|zf;g

k|lti7fg, tflnd s]Gb|,

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|

#=@ • kf7\oqmdsf] ;dofg's"n ;'wf/

ug]{

• jftfj/0f / k|fs[lts >f]tl;t

PsLs[t ul/Psf] ljkb\ hf]lvd

Joj:yfkgsf] ;}4flGts 1fgsf]

clej[l4 ug]{

;g\ @)@%

;Dd

ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u,

;j} ljZjljBfno, z}lIfs

;+:yfgx?

#=# • /fli6«o / k|fGtLo txdf 1fg

Joj:yfkg s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{

• JolQmn] cfh{g u/]sf] 1fgnfO{

;+:yfs/0f ub}{ n}hfg]

• 1fg Joj:yfkgnfO{

k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ cfjZos

sfo{qmd–ah]6sf] Joj:yf ug]{

• k|To]s lgsfodf ;"rgf ;+u|x ug]{

;g\ @)@)

;Dd

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, s]Gb|Lo

k':tsfno, gf:6 hnjfo'

kl/jt{g 1fg Joj:yfkg s]Gb|,

u[x dGqfno, cGt/f{li6«o

;+:yfx?

Ifdtf / kl4sf] ljsf; ug]{

v_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu hf]lvd zf;gsf] ;alns/0f

dfgjLo Iflt / cfly{s gf]S;fgL ;+of]hg ug'{ k|efjsf/L hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{

kf6f] xf] . o;df jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts >f]tx?sf] gf]S;fgLnfO{ klg ;dfj]z ul/g' jfG5gLo

x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] ;+of]hgsf] nflu klxnf] cfjZostf cfwf/e"t tYof+s x'g\ . cfwf/e"t

tYof+ssf] hf]xf] eP/ ltgsf] lgoldt d"Nof+sg ubf{ lbuf] ljsf; / ljkb\af6 ePsf] Ifltsf]

;l6s;DaGw yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . ;fy}, o;af6 hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ / lbuf] ljsf;df of]ubfg

k'¥ofpg] dfu{ klg lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfnh:tf] b]z hxfF ljkb\sf ljleGg :j?kx? ljBdfg

5g\, jx'–kIfLo lgsfox?sf] ;xeflutf x'g] ;+oGqsf] thlahL ul/g' jfG5gLo x'g]5 .

sfo{;"rL

bf]>f] k|fyldstf If]q ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu hf]lvd zf;gsf] ;alns/0f cGtu{t

tLgj6f sfo{ ;"rLx? klxrfg ul/Psf 5g\ M

!= ;+:yfg ;+/rgf (Institutional structure)

@= sfg'gL Joj:yf (Legal framework)

#= ah]6 ;~rfng ljlw (Budget flow mechanism)

xfnsf] l:yltM

!_ ;+:yfg ;+/rgf (Institutional structure) M lhNnf:t/Lo lgsfodf jftfj/0f / ljkb\ hf]lvd

Joj:yfkgsf] OsfO{sf] k|fjwfg /x]sf]Ù gofF ;+ljwfgcg';f/ k|fGtLo :t/df ;f]xL k|sf/sf]

;+:yfut Joj:yf x'g' afFsL

@_ sfg'gL Joj:yf (Legal framework) M b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ P]g @)#( sf] Joj:yf ePsf]Ù ljkb\

tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] sfg'gL Joj:yf x'g afFsLÙ ljBdfg ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf]

cjwf/0ff d"ntM dfgj–s]lGb|t /x]sf]Ù jftfj/0f / k|fs[lts >f]tsf] ljifonfO{ klg PsLs[t

ug'{kg]{

#_ ah]6 ;~rfng ljlw (Budget flow mechanism) M ljkb\;DaGwL sfo{qmd–ah]6 d"ntM /fxt

pb\bf/df l;ldtÙ ljkb\ tyf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy of]hgfdf pNn]v ul/g'

kg]{Ù jftfj/0f / k|fs[lts >f]t ;+/If0f clg Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{qmd–ah]6df klg ;f]sf] ljkb\–

hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] kIfnfO{ ;d]6\g]kg]{

sfo{of]hgf

qmd sfo{ ;do l;d lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

!=! • :yfgLo, k|fGtLo / /fli6«o :t/df

ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] ;an

;+/rgfsf] tof/ ul/ ;dGjofTds

?kdf lqmofzLn ePsf]

;~rfngljlwsf] Joj:yf ug]{

• :yfgLo, k|fGtLo / /fli6«o ;+/rgfdf

ljkb\ tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg;DaGwL

k|fjwfgsf] JofVof / a'emfO{ k|i6 kf/L

tL ;+/rgfdf ljkb\ tyf hf]lvd

Joj:yfkgsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug]{

;g\ @)@%

;Dd

;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo

ljsf; dGqfno, u[x dGqfno,

hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f

dGqfno

!=@ • ljkb\ tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf]

;dofg's"n sfg'g Joj:yf ug]{

• jftfj/0f / k|fs[lts >f]tsf]

ljifonfO{ ljkb\ tyf hf]lvd

Joj:yfkgsf] sfg'gL k|fjwfgdf

;Daf]wg ug]{

• u[x, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f / hg;+Vof

tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnox?sf k|ltlgw

/x]sf] ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{

;g\ @)@)

;Dd

;DalGwt dGqfnox? -u[x, jg

tyf e"–;+/If0f / hg;+Vof

tyf jftfj/0f_, ;+;bLo ;ldlt

u_ khjb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / pTyfglzntfsf] k|j4{gsf] nflu nufgL

ljkb\ hf]lv Go"gLs/0f / pTyfglzntfsf] k|j4{gsf] nflu nufgL bL3{sfnLg nfe k|fKt x'G5 .

klxnf] s'/f t o:tf] nufgLn] ljkb\ cfOnfUbf gf]S;fgL sd x'G5, bf]>f] s'/f o;n] gofF gofF

cfljisf/sf] nflu cj;/ h'6fpFb5 / ljsf;sf] 9f]sf vf]N5, / t]>f] ljkb\ g} cfO{ gkbf{ klg o:tf]

nufgLn] ;fdflhs, cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo ;fdgHo;tf sthapan u/]sf] x'G5 . ljkb\ x'g' cl3sf]

nufgLn] ljkb\ kZrft\ ul/g] vr{nfO{ oy]:6 hf]ufpF5 .

sfo{;"rL

of] t]>f] k|fyldstf cGtu{t lgDg tLg k|d'vx? /flvPsf 5g\ M

!_ :yfgLo Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu tflnd÷sfo{zfnf (Training/workshop for local capacity

building)

@_ cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; / gj–k|jt{gdf nufgL (Investing on research, development and

innovation)

#_ xl/t ;+/rgfsf] Joj:yf (Management of green infrastructure)

xfnsf] l:ylt

!= :yfgLo Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu tflnd÷sfo{zfnf M :yfgLo Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu ljleGg

ljifox? h:t} >f]t ;+/If0f, jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts >f]tsf] ljkb\sf] c;/, lbuf] ljsf;

nIfx?df ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ljkb\, / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ;do–;dodf

tflnd÷sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf e}/x]sf] 5 . ;fy}, o:tf tflnd sfo{zfnfx?df ljkb\ tyf

hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu /fli6«o /0fgLlt (LDRMP) / :yfgLo cg's'ng sfo{of]hgf (LAPA)

df Ifdtf clej[l4 tflndsf] pNn]v ePsf] 5 . tyfkL tL PsLls[t ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5}g /

ljkb\ tyf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL 1fgnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ dfgj >f]t klg ckof{Kt b]lvG5 .

@= cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; / gj–k|jt{gdf nufgL (Investing on research, development and

innovation) M cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf] nflu elg ljkb\ tyf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu

/fli6«o /0fgLlt (LDRMP) / :yfgLo cg's'ng sfo{of]hgf (LAPA) df yf]/} pNn]v ePsf]

kfOG5Ù uf]/vf e"sDk kl5 ljkb\ kZrft\sf] cfjZostf d"Nof+sg (PDNA) / b|"t jftfj/0fLo

d"Nof+sg (REA) df jg / jftfj/0fsf ljljw ljifox?sf] p7fg ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf]

d"Nof+sgdf Iflt tyf gf]S;fgLsf] ;Dk"0f{ d"Nof+sg h?/L b]lvG5 . ;fy}, hnfwf/ txdf ax"–

k|sf]ko'Qm hf]lvd d"Nof+sgsf] klg yfngL ug'{ kb{5 .

#= xl/t ;+/rgfsf] Joj:yf M o; cGtu{t jftfj/0f–d}qL ljkb\–hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f (Eco-DRR)

sf]ifsf] :yfkgf, dfgj Pj+ jGo–hGt'sf] nflu ;'/lIft cf>o–:yn, k"j{–r]tfjgL k|0ffnL,

:yfgLo ?kdf pknAw xl/t ;+/rgfsf] k|j4{g, / kmf]x/ tyf eUgfjz]if Joj:yfkg (Disposal

management) nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . xfnsf] cj:yfdf o;tk{m lgDg sldx? b]lvG5g\ M

• jftfj/0f / k|fs[lts >f]tl;t ljkb\–hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL j}1flgs cg';Gwfg tyf

k|fljlws

• :yfgLo txsf] ljkb\–hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf tof/ kfl/Psf], t/ s]lx l;ldt uflj; /

gu/kflnsfx?sf nflu dfq

• jftfj/0f–d}qL ljkb\–hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f (Eco-DRR) sf]ifsf] :yfkgf x'g afFsL

• ;'/lIft cf>o:ynsf] kof{Kt gS;f+sg x'g afFsL

• hn tyf df};d ljefu / s]lx cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf (UN, ICIMOD) af6 af9L, lxd–kf]v/L

k'm6]/ cfpg] af9Lsf] nflu s]lx cfktsfnLg r]tfjgL k|0ffnL (EWS) sf] Joj:yf ePsf]Ù

t/ kof{Kt gePsf]

• xl/t ;+/rgfsf] nflu :yfgLo >f]t pknAw ePsf], tyfkL pkof]udf sdL /x]sf] ljkb\

kZrft\ jftfj/0fnfO{ b"lift t'Nofpg] eUgfjz]if / h}ljs j:t'x? tx nfpg] plrt

Joj:yf gePsf]

sfo{of]hgf

qmd sfo{ ;do l;d lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

#=!=! • ;d;fdlos ljifo? h:t}

>f]t ;+/If0f, jftfj/0f tyf

k|fs[lts >f]t ;+/If0f, lbuf]

ljsf; nIfx?, hnjfo'

kl/jt{g / ;fdflhs

;+/If0fsf] ljifodf tflnd

lnPsf / tL ljifoj:t'nfO{

PsLs[t 9+un] k|of]u ug{

;Ifd hgzlQm / ljz]if1sf]

th'{df ug]{

• pknAw hgzlQmsf] tYof+s

cWofjlw ug]{

• tflnd hgzlQmsf] tYof+s

cWofjlw ug]{

• tflnd–uf]i7L / pRr

lzIffsf] Joj:yf ug]{

• :yfgLojf;L / :yfgLo

;g\ @)@% leq • u[x dGqfno, lhNnf :t/Lo

ljleGg lgsfox?

• lgjf{lrt :yfgLo lgsfox?

lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{

cled'vLs/0f ug]{

#=!=@ • d'Vo–d'Vo hnfwf/x?sf] jx"–

k|sf]ko'Qm hf]lvd d"Nof+sg

;DkGg eO k|ltj]bg tof/

kfg]{

• ljkb\af6 jftfj/0f tyf

k|fs[lts >f]tx?df ePsf]

Iflt tyf gf]S;fgLsf] jflif{s

clen]vg sfod ug]{

• ax'–k|sf]k tyf hf]lvd

(MHRA) d"Nof+sgsf] nflu

k|fl1s ;+:yfx?sf] ;"rLs/0f

tyf k|n]vsf] Joj:yf ug]{

• ax'–k|sf]k tyf hf]lvd

(MHRA) d"Nof+sgsf]

cfjZos cg';Gwfgsf] nflu

;xsfo{ tyf nufgL ug]{

• jftfj/0fLo kIfsf] x]Ssf

/fvL hnfwf/x?sf] jx'–

k|sf]ko'Qm hf]lvd d"Nof+sg

;DkGg ug]{

;g\ @)@% leq • cg';Gwfg ug]{ k|fl1s

lgsfox?, ljZjljBfnox?

#=!=# • jftfj/0f–d}qL ljkb\–hf]lvd

Go"gLs/0f (Eco-DRR)

sf]ifaf6 xl/t cfljisf/ tyf

k|ljlw ljsf; / ;'/lIft

cf>o:ynsf] klxrfg sfo{df

nufgL ug]{

• dfgj ;fy} jGohGt'sf nflu

;'/lIft cf>o:ynsf]

;g\ @)@)

;g\ @)@%

• u[x dGqfno, k|fl1s

lgsfox?, ;DalGwt

dGqfnox?

• k|fl1s lgsfo / cg';Gwfg

;+:yfx?

gS;f+sg tof/ ug]{

• hnpTkGg ljkb\ / cGo

k|d'v ljkb\x?af6 aRg jx'–

;/f]sf/jfnf txsf]

cu|;/tfdf cfktsfnLg

r]tfjgL k|0ffnL (EWS) /

dha't ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ug]{

• k|To]s k|fGt / :yfgLo txdf

:yfgLo >f]tdf cfwfl/t

xl/t ;+/rgfsf] k|j4{g ug]{

• 6'6]k'm6]sf j:t' eUgfjz]if /

h}ljs j:t'x? tx nfpg]

plrt Joj:yf ePsf]

• jftfj/0f–d}qL ljkb\–hf]lvd

Go"gLs/0f (Eco-DRR) sf]ifsf]

:yfkgf ug{ gLltut lg0f{o

u/fpg]

• ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf / bfqL–

;+:yfaf6 ;xof]u h'6fpg]

• cf>o:ynsf] gS;f+sg tof/

kfg{ ah]6 56\ofpg] /

sfof{Gjog ug]{

• ljz]if1, ;/f]sf/jfnfx?l;t

;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug]{

• EWS :yfkgfsf] nflu nufgL

leqfpg]

;g\ @)@%

;g\ @)@%

;g\ @)@%

• u[x dGqfno, NEOC, hn

tyf df};d ljefu

• ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo

ljsf; dGqfno

• ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo

ljsf; dGqfno / :yfgLo

lgsfox?

3_ k|efjsf/L k|ltlqmof / k'gnf{e, k'g:yf{kgf, k'glg{df{0f …cem alnof] lgdf{0fÚ lglDt ljkb \

tof/Lsf] clej[l4

a9\bf] dfqfsf] ljkb\ / o;n] lg/Gt/ a9fO{/]x]sf] dfgjLo IftL, ef}lts ;DklQ Pj+ k|fs[lts

>f]tx?sf] ljgf;sf] n]vfhf]vf ubf{ xfd|f] tof/L IfdtfnfO{ dha't agfpFb} n}hfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g .

k|sf]k k|s[lthGo /x]sf] tYonfO{ a'em\bf / xfd|f] cfkm\g} cg'ejnfO{ lgofNbf, alnof lgdf{0fx?af6

IftLnfO{ sd agfpg ;lsg] s'/f k|i6 ePsf] 5 . o:tf lgdf{0fx?df k|s[lts} cjoj k|of]u ugf{n]

Tof] cem nfesf/L x'g]s'/f kl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t cg's'nfgsf pkfox?n] b]vfO{lbPsf]

5 .

k|efjsf/L k|ltlqmof / k'gnf{e, k'g:yf{kgf, k'glg{df{0fdf …cem alnof] lgdf{0fÚ lglDt ljkb\

tof/Lsf] clej[l4 cGtu{t oL tLg d'Vo If]qx? klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 M

!= >f]t ;"rL

@= ;+ro

#= cg's'ng tyf ;fdgf Ifdtfsf] clej[l4

xfnsf] l:ylt

>f]t ;"rL, tyf ;+ro cg's'ng tyf ;fdgf Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 x'g' ckl/xfo{ x'g cfpFb5 .

o;l;t ;DalGwt If]q / ePsf sdL sdhf]/Lx? o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

!= >f]t ;"rL M >f]t ;"rLdf d'Votof tLg k|sf/sf >f]t ;fdfu|Lx? kb{5g\, !=! pknAw

k|fs[lts >f]t?, !=@ ljkb\–hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng / jftfj/0f tyf

k|fs[lts >f]t ;+/If0fsf] nflu hgzlQm, / !=# ;fdu|L / cf}hf/x? . xfnsf] cj:yfdf,

>o:s/ tof/Lsf] nflu pknAw >f]t–;fdu|Lx?sf] b'?:t ;"rLsf] cefj /x]sf] 5 .

@= ;+ro (Stockpiling) : ;+rodf kg]{ d'Vo j:t'x?df k|fs[lts >f]tx? h:t} – afF;, kfgL 6\of+sL

/ kf]v/Lx?, :yfgLo vfBj:t', h8Lj'6L / cf}iflw kb{5g\ . o;df k|efjs/L k|ltlqmofsf] nflu

cfjZos ;fdfu|Lx?sf] plrt ;+rosf] cefj /x]sf] 5 .

#= cg's'ng tyf ;fdgf Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 M cg's'ng tyf ;fdgf Ifdtfsf] clej[l4sf] nflu

df}lns÷k/Dk/fut 1fgnfO{ cfw'lgs lj1fg / k|ljlwl;t ufF:g] / jftfj/0fLo IfoLs/0f /

ljkb\–hf]lvd 36fpg a}slNks pmhf{sf] k|j4{g ug]{ sfo{ k|efjsf/L x'g]5 . xfn o;df

v6\lsPsf] s'/f eg]sf] :yfgLo ljkb\–hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf (LDRM) /

:yfgLo cg's'ng sfo{ of]hgf (LAPA) b'j} a9L ;d'bfo s]lGb|t ePsf] b]lvG5 . To:t},

df}lns÷k/Dk/fut 1fgnfO{ cfw'lgs lj1fg / k|ljlwl;t ufF:g] Jojl:yt k4ltsf] cefj

/x]sf] / a}slNks pmhf{ s]Gb| dfkm{t pmhf{sf a}slNks pkfox?sf] k|j4{g kl/of]hgf

;~rfngdf /x]sf]Ù o;nfO{ ljkb\–hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fl;t hf]8\g'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .

sfo{;"rL

qmd sfo{ ;do l;d lhDd]jf/ lgsfo

$=! • k|fs[lts >f]t, dfgj >f]t,

;fdu|L / cf}hf/x?sf] ;"rL

tof/L / b'?:t ul//fVg]

• k|fs[lts >f]t, dfgj >f]t,

;fdu|L / cf}hf/x?sf]

klxrfg, ;+sng / ldnfg

ug]{

• ;'/lIft cf>o :yn, vfBfGg,

/ cf}iflw, kfgL / cGo

j:t'x?sf] pknAwtf ;"rL

tof/L cj:yf /fVg]

;g\ @)@) • u[x dGqfno, ;DalGwt cGo

dGqfno / ;+:yfx?

$=@ • k|fs[lts >f]t, kfgL, :yfgLo

vfBj:t', h8La'6L /

cf}iflwsf] ;+ro Joj:yf ug]{

• k|fGtLo ;fy} :yfgLo

lgsfox?df k|fs[lts >f]t,

kfgL, :yfgLo vfBj:t',

h8La'6L / cf}iflwsf] ;+ro

Joj:yf :yfkgf ug]{

;g\ @)#) • ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo

ljsf; dGqfno, u[x

dGqfno, cGo ;DalGwt

;+:yfx?

$=# • df}lns÷k/Dk/fut 1fgnfO{

cfw'lgs lj1fg / k|ljlwl;t

ufF:g] k|efjsf/L Jojl:yt

k4ltsf] ljsf; ug]{

;g\ @)#) • lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno,

s[lif ljsf; dGqfno, gf:6,

gfs{, a}slNks phf{ s]Gb|,

;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo

• /fli6«o, k|fGtLo / :yfgLo

:t/df a}slNks pmhf{sf]

cleofgnfO{ ljkb\–hf]lvd

Go"gLs/0fl;t ;d]t hf]8]/

nfutsf] cj:yf tof/ ug]{

• ljleGg ;]S6/df

df}lns÷k/Dk/fut 1fgnfO{

cfw'lgs lj1fg / k|ljlwl;t

k4ltsf] ljsf; ul/Psf],

h:t}M aLp e08f/0f, vfB

tyf jfnL ;+/If0f, kfgLsf]

ax'cfoflds pkof]u, afof]–

OlGhlgl/+u, jiff{bsf] kfgL

;+sng, Knfl:6s kf]v/L,

cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{

• /fli6«o, k|fGtLo / :yfgLo

lgsfox?sf] a}slNks pmhf{

k|j4{gl;t ;DalGwt

kl/of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?sf]

;dGjo /fVg]

ljsf; dGqfno, u[x

dGqfno, cGo ;DalGwt

;+:yfx?, bfqL lgsfox?