های مکمل و گیاهی های داروهای مکمل و گیاهی داروهایغذاییغذایی

Herbal Medications & Herbal Medications & DietaryDietary Supplements Supplements

غذایی های غذایی مکمل های مکمل

OTCOTC FDAFDA CGMPCGMP

MineralsMinerals

Boron Boron Copper Copper Iodine Iodine Iron Iron Phosphates, phosphorus Phosphates, phosphorus Selenium Selenium ZincZinc ClayClay

vitaminsvitamins

Vitamin A Vitamin A Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 Vitamin B6 Vitamin B6 Vitamin C Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin D Vitamin K Vitamin K Thiamin, vitamin B1 Thiamin, vitamin B1 Riboflavin Riboflavin Pantothenic acid, dexpanthenol Pantothenic acid, dexpanthenol Niacin, Niacinamide Niacin, Niacinamide Folate Folate Biotin Biotin

Amino acids and related compounds

ArginineArginine

Creatine Creatine

CarnitineCarnitine

Melatonin Melatonin

Miscellaneous

Royal jellyRoyal jellyGlucoseamineGlucoseamine

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)Beta-caroteneBeta-carotene

Lactobacilus acidophyllus Lactobacilus acidophyllus (probiotics)(probiotics)

Omega 3Omega 3

HerbsHerbs

Alfalfa Alfalfa Aloe Aloe Bilberry Bilberry Black tea Black tea BromelineBromeline Calendula Calendula Chamomile Chamomile Clove and clove oil Clove and clove oil CranberryCranberry Dandelion Dandelion Devil's clawDevil's claw Echinacea Echinacea Elderberry and elder flower Elderberry and elder flower Ephedra Ephedra Eucalyptus oil Eucalyptus oil Evening primrose oilEvening primrose oil HawthornHawthorn PumpkinPumpkin

Flaxseed and flaxseed oil Flaxseed and flaxseed oil Garlic Garlic Ginger Ginger Ginkgo Ginkgo Ginseng Ginseng Green teaGreen tea Lavender Lavender Licorice and DGL Licorice and DGL Passion flower Passion flower Peppermint Peppermint Psyllium Psyllium Pygeum Pygeum Saw palmetto Saw palmetto Soy Soy St. John's wort St. John's wort Sweet almond Sweet almond Tea tree oil Tea tree oil Turmeric and Curcumin Turmeric and Curcumin ValerianValerian VitexVitex

گیاهان گیاهان اهمیت اهمیت

– دارویی گیاهان گیاهی دارویی – داروهای گیاهان گیاهی داروهای دارویی کارخانجات در دارویی کاربرد کارخانجات در کاربرد داروها کشف برای داروها منبعی کشف برای منبعی

- - - - - تاکسول- کینیدین دیگوکسین کلشیسین آسپیرین -آتروپین - - - - تاکسول- کینیدین دیگوکسین کلشیسین آسپیرین آتروپینهیوسین .......هیوسین .......

................ - - - ایپراتروپیوم کرومولین وراپامیل ................لیدوکایین - - - ایپراتروپیوم کرومولین وراپامیل لیدوکایین

Commercial Name Intended Use Toxic Agents,

Effects Comments

Borage

Anti-inflammatory, diuretic

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids,

hepatotoxicity

Avoid

Ephedra Diet aid; stimulant; bronchodilator

Central nervous system toxicity, cardiac toxicity

Avoid in patients at risk for stroke,

myocardial infarction,

uncontrolled blood pressure, seizures,

general anxiety disorder

Pennyroyal

Digestive aid, induction of

menstrual flow, abortifacient

Pulegone and pulegone metabolite,

liver failure, renal failure

Avoid

Royal jelly

Tonic Bronchospasm, anaphylaxis

Avoid in patients with chronic allergies or respiratory diseases;

asthma, chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease, emphysema, atopy

موثر گیاهی موثر داروهای گیاهی داروهایو مغز و برسیستم مغز برسیستم

اعصاباعصاب

ST. JOHN'S WORT ST. JOHN'S WORT HHypericumypericum perforatumperforatum

HypericinHypericin,, HHyperforin yperforin AAntinti--depressantdepressant actionaction Adverse Adverse eeffectsffects Drug Drug iinteractions & nteractions &

pprecautionsrecautions

GINKGOGINKGO GGinkgoinkgo bilobabiloba

FFlavone glycosides and terpenoids lavone glycosides and terpenoids (ie, ginkgolides A, B, C, J, and (ie, ginkgolides A, B, C, J, and bilobalide).bilobalide).

Vascular Vascular effectseffects CNSCNS effectseffects Adverse Adverse eeffects ffects Drug Drug iinteractions & nteractions & pprecautionsrecautions

بر موثر گیاهی بر داروهای موثر گیاهی داروهایعروق و قلب عروق سیستم و قلب سیستم

GARLIC GARLIC AAlliumllium sativumsativum

AllicinAllicin CCardiovascularardiovascular effectseffects EEndocrinendocrine effectseffects AAntineoplasticntineoplastic effectseffects Adverse Adverse eeffectsffects Drug Drug iinteractions & nteractions & pprecautionsrecautions

HawthornHawthorn ولیک ولیک سرخ سرخCrataegus monogynaCrataegus monogyna

هندی بلوط هندی شاه بلوط شاه Aesculus hippocastanum Aesculus hippocastanum

Varicose veins and other Varicose veins and other circulatory problemscirculatory problems

Taking horse chestnut seed extract can reduce some Taking horse chestnut seed extract can reduce some symptoms of poor blood circulation, such as varicose veins, symptoms of poor blood circulation, such as varicose veins, pain, tiredness, swelling in the legs, itching, and water pain, tiredness, swelling in the legs, itching, and water retention.retention.

Horse chestnut contains a substance (aescin) that thins the Horse chestnut contains a substance (aescin) that thins the blood. It weakly promotes fluid loss through the urine to blood. It weakly promotes fluid loss through the urine to help prevent water retention (edema).help prevent water retention (edema).

بر موثر گیاهی بر داروهای موثر گیاهی داروهایتنفسی تنفسی سیستم سیستم

Hedera helixHedera helixIvyIvy

The inhibition of ß2 receptor internalisation through α-hederin – under even highly stimulating conditions – was able to be demonstrated in vitro in alveolar type II cells by means of immunohistochemistry and using a biophysical procedure. As a result of this indirect effect on ß2 receptor regulation, the ß2-adrenergic reactivity of the cells increases. The stimulation of the receptors stimulates type II alveolar cells to produce more surfactant, which is able to liquefy viscous mucus. This secretolytic effect ultimately also calms coughing. Under ß2-stimulating conditions, bronchial muscle cells lower the intracellular Ca2+ level. In bronchitis cases, this leads to relaxation of the cramped bronchial muscles and plausibly explains the bronchospasmolytic effect of ivy.

Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarisThymeThyme

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) -- Thyme has traditionally been used to treat respiratory illnesses such as bronchitis and to treat cough. Two preliminary studies suggest that thyme may help treat acute bronchitis and relieve cough. Thyme is approved by the German Commission E to treat those conditions. Thyme may increase the risk of bleeding, especially if you also take blood-thinners such as aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), or warfarin (Coumadin).

بر موثر گیاهی بر داروهای موثر گیاهی داروهایگوارشی گوارشی سیستم سیستم

Glycerrhiza glabraGlycerrhiza glabraLicoriceLicorice

Glycyrrhizinic acid, a major component of licorice, has antiulcer properties,it seems by raising the local concentration of prostaglandinsthat promote mucous secretion and cell proliferationin the stomach, leading to healing of ulcer in experimental studies

MILK THISTLE MILK THISTLE SSilybumilybum marianummarianum

flavonolignans flavonolignans ))silymarisilymarinn((

LLiveriver diseasedisease Adverse Adverse eeffectsffects Drug Drug iinteractions & nteractions &

pprecautionsrecautions

Mentha spp.Mentha spp.

Bulk Laxatives Bulk Laxatives ((اسفرزهاسفرزه)) Stimulating LaxativesStimulating Laxatives ( (سناسنا) )

بارهنگبارهنگ

زنجبیلزنجبیل Zingiber officinalis Zingiber officinalis ( Ginger )( Ginger )

بر موثر گیاهی بر داروهای موثر گیاهی داروهایکلیوی کلیوی سیستم سیستم

گزنهگزنهUrtica dioica ( Nettle )

بری بری کران کران

بر موثر گیاهی بر داروهای موثر گیاهی داروهایجنسی جنسی سیستم سیستم

سویاسویاGlycin maxGlycin max

Isoflavones (Didzein – Genistein)Isoflavones (Didzein – Genistein)

انگشت انگشت پنج پنجVitex agnus-castus Vitex agnus-castus

Vitex agnus castus extract contains dopaminergic substances which Vitex agnus castus extract contains dopaminergic substances which suppress pituitary prolactin release one of which was only slightly suppress pituitary prolactin release one of which was only slightly less potent than dopamine in suppressing prolactin release from less potent than dopamine in suppressing prolactin release from cultivated pituitary cells. This substance was chemically identified cultivated pituitary cells. This substance was chemically identified as a clerodadienol. A commercially available AC preparation tested as a clerodadienol. A commercially available AC preparation tested clinically has been successfully used in patients suffering of clinically has been successfully used in patients suffering of premenstrual mastalgia. In addition, the extract contains estrogens premenstrual mastalgia. In addition, the extract contains estrogens with selectivity for the estrogen receptor b-subtype which appears with selectivity for the estrogen receptor b-subtype which appears to be involved in the regulation of fat tissue but which exert no to be involved in the regulation of fat tissue but which exert no estrogenic effects in the uterus and which have little effects in the estrogenic effects in the uterus and which have little effects in the bone.bone.

بر موثر بر داروهای موثر داروهایایمنی ایمنی سیستم سیستم

ECHINACEA ECHINACEA EEchinaceachinacea purpureapurpurea

AlkamidesAlkamides,, chicoric acid chicoric acid,, polysaccharidespolysaccharides

IImmunemmune modulationmodulation Adverse Adverse eeffects ffects Drug Drug iinteractions & nteractions & pprecautionsrecautions

GINSENGGINSENG Panax Panax Spp. Spp.

ginsenosides ginsenosides ergogenic (energizing) ergogenic (energizing)

activity activity nootropic (mind-nootropic (mind-

enhancing) activity enhancing) activity antistress activityantistress activity Adverse Adverse eeffectsffects Drug Drug iinteractions & nteractions &

pprecautionsrecautions

ها ها اسانس اسانس

اوکالیپتوساوکالیپتوسرواتینکسرواتینکسویکسویکسموردمورد میخک میخک درخت درخت چای چای درخت درخت