health impact assessment training kelly muellman, aicp mn climate & health principal planner...
TRANSCRIPT
Health Impact Assessment Training
Kelly Muellman, AICPMN Climate & Health Principal Planner
Linden WeiswerdaMN Climate & Health Principal Planner
June 13, 2014
Acknowledgements
This webinar/videoconference is supported by a grant from the Health Impact Project, a collaboration of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and The Pew Charitable Trusts.
The opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Health Impact Project, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation or The Pew Charitable Trusts.
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Outline
What is HIA?
Why conduct an HIA?
What value does HIA add?
When is HIA appropriate?
HIA Examples
HIA Resources
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What is Health Impact Assessment (HIA)?
A systematic process that uses an array of data sources and analytic methods and considers input from stakeholders to determine the potential effects of a proposed policy, plan, program, or project on the health of a population and the distribution of those effects within the population. HIA provides recommendations on monitoring and managing those effects.
National Research Council, Improving Health in the United States: The Role of Health Impact Assessment, 2011.
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2010 Avg Life Expectancy and Healthcare Spending
US ranked 42nd in life expectancy for 2010 and 1st in health spending per capita.
WHO and Global Health Expenditure Database
http://www.gapminder.org/
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Health Determinants
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.Source: World Health Organization
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Why Conduct an HIA?
Identify harms and benefits before decisions are made
Identify evidence-based strategies and recommendations to promote health and prevent disease
Support inclusive and democratic decision-making and increase transparency in the decision-making process
Support community engagement in the decision-making process and foster community empowerment
Advance equity and justice
Note: There are many ways to insert health into decision-making. HIA is one way.
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Types of Decisions Influenced by HIA
• Policy Decisions (bills by state legislature, city council decision, local school board on district-wide policy)
• Policy Implementation (weigh various implementation options for a policy once it is passed)
• Project Specific (siting, permitting, construction, design)
• Comprehensive Plans (neighborhood plan, regional growth plans, master planning documents)
Provided by Health Impact Projecthttp://www.healthimpactproject.org/
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What topics have HIAs addressed?
Provided by Health Impact Projecthttp://www.healthimpactproject.org/
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Value of HIA
HIAs directly contributed to decision outcomes—the way projects, plans, and policies were developed or implemented
HIAs influenced changes beyond the decision under consideration HIAs showed key stakeholders the health effects of non-health
policies and programs. HIAs built consensus HIAs amplified community member voices in the decision-making
process HIAs built cross-sector relationships
Bourcier, E., Charbonneau, D., Cahill, C., & Dannenberg, A. (2014). Do health impact assessments make a difference? A national evaluation of HIAs in the United States. Seattle: Center for Community Health and Evaluation.
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Concerns about HIAConcern Response
HIA is costly Not as costly as treatment of health impacts in the long run
HIA is time-consuming and will slow decision-making process
Conducting the HIA early will bring issues to the front of the decision-making process, potentially speeding approval processes, and preventing costly litigation that delays projects
HIA will stop economic development
The role of HIA is to identify mitigations and recommendations, not to say “don’t do that”
HIA is not scientific Role of HIA is to pull together disparate pieces of the best available evidence to make a broad statement about impacts
Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Health Impact Assessment: A Tool to Increase Health Equity in Decision-Making, Great Lakes Intertribal Council, April 23, 2012
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Six Steps of HIA
1. Screening - to determine if an HIA is useful for a specific project or policy
2. Scoping - identify which health effects to consider
3. Assessment - determine which people may be affected and how they may be affected
4. Recommendations - suggest changes to proposal to promote positive or mitigate adverse health effects
5. Reporting - present the results to decision-makers
6. Monitoring and evaluating - determine the affect of the HIA on the decision process
When is HIA appropriate?
Consider:
Decision-point
Potential health impacts
Timing
Resources (money, staff, expertise)
Political will
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Types of HIAsType Desk Based Rapid Intermediate Comprehensive
Duration Up to 6 weeks 6-12 weeks 12 weeks – 6 months 6 months – 1 year or more
Effort 1 full time person 1 full time person 1 full time person, and supporting help
1 full time person, and supporting help
Complexity Provides a broad overview of potential health impacts
Provides a more detailed overview of potential health impacts
Provides a thorough assessment of potential health impacts & more detail on specific predicted impacts
Provides a comprehensive assessment of potential & predicted health impacts
Methods Involves collecting & analyzing existing data
Involves collecting & analyzing existing data with limited input from experts & key stakeholders
Involves collecting & analyzing existing data, gathering some new qualitative data from stakeholders & key informants
Involves collecting & analyzing data from qualitative & quantitative sources
LESS COMPLEXITY MORE COMPLEXITY
Modified from Harris et al. 2007. Health impact assessment: A practical guide, Centre for Health Equity, Training, Research and Evaluation (CHETRE), Part of the UNSW Research Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW: (http://www.hiaconnect.edu.au/hia_a_practical_guide.htm)
When not to do an HIA
No added value Chula Vista Plan to Improve Walkability
Plan was already considering health Health advocates involved in design Resources better focused elsewhere
No influence on decision Milwaukee Zoo Interchange Project
Insufficient time to complete HIA for drafts Stakeholders (DOT) not open to considering health
Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Health Impact Assessment: A Tool to Increase Health Equity in Decision-Making, Great Lakes Intertribal Council, April 23, 2012
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HIA Examples
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Gary/New Duluth HIA
Small Area Plan
Parallel process
Health concerns: Social Cohesion Physical Activity Access to Healthy Food
Healthy Corridor for All
Zoning ordinance (urban) Lead by ISAIAH, Take Action MN,
and PolicyLink Community driven 3 Areas of Assessment:
1. Healthy Economy2. Healthy, Affordable Housing3. Safe and Sustainable
Transportation
http://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/{97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0}/HEALTHYCORRIDOR_SUMMARY_FINAL_20120111.PDF
Goodhue County Zoning Districts HIA
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Zoning ordinance (rural) Lead by Goodhue County Health
and Human Services and Land Use Management Department
Areas of Assessment: Housing; Living conditions; Air,
water, and soil quality changes; Access to natural resources, respiratory health, mental well being, physical activity; and Economic health.
Farm to School and School Garden Policy
Oregon Bill 2800 (HB 2800), the Farm to School and School Garden legislation (2011)
Led by Upstream Public Health
Areas of Assessment:1. Employment
2. Diet & Nutrition
3. Farm to School & School Garden Education
4. Environmental Health
5. Social Capital
Source: Henderson, T., Rader, M., Sorte, B., Ratcliffe, M. M., Lawrence, A., Lucky, J., and Harris, C. (2011) Health Impact Assessment: Farm to School and School Garden Policy, HB 2800, Upstream Public Health and the Health Impact Project. http://www.upstreampublichealth.org/sites/default/files/F2SHIA_FINAL.pdf
Additional HIA Examples
Paid Sick Days HIA (national, state, local)
Treatment Instead of Prison HIA (WI)
School Integration Strategies HIA (MN)
Federal Farm Bill HIA (national)
HIA for proposed coal mine at Wishbone Hill (AK)
Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site (WA)
HIA for open burning enforcement in La Crosse county (WI)
HIA Resources
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Evaluations of HIA
• Quigley & Taylor. 2004. Evaluating health impact assessment. Public Health. 2004 Dec; 118(8):544-52.
• EPA. 2013. A Review of Health Impact Assessments in the U.S.: Current State-of-Science, Best Practices, and Areas for Improvement.
• Center for community Health and Evaluation (CCHE). 2014. Do health impact assessments make a difference? A national evaluation of HIAs in the United States.
• John Hopkins School of Public Health (Keisha Pollack ), Health Impact Project and CDC, 2011
HIA at the National Level
Two major national funders Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) (directly funds
grantees and professional organizations) Health Impact Project (PEW and RWJF)
SOPHIA (Society of Practitioners of HIA): http://www.hiasociety.org/
Two conferences: HIA of the Americas Workshop (Oakland, CA) National Health Impact Assessment Meeting (WDC)
Local Funder: Blue Cross Blue Shield of MN Foundation
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Completed and in progress HIAs
Provided by Health Impact Project & CDChttp://www.healthimpactproject.org/hia/us
Leading/performing HIAs: Douglas County Comprehensive Plan; St. Louis Park Comprehensive
Plan; Duluth 6th Ave Redesign Plan; Divine Mercy HIA; Gary/New Duluth Small Area Plan HIA; Winona County Active Living Plan HIA; Lincoln Park Small Area Plan HIA
Providing technical assistance: Healthy Corridor for All HIA; Bottineau Transitway HIA; HIA on the Fort
DuPont Redevelopment Project DE; Second Street Redevelopment Plan GA; Emerald Ash Borer HIA; MN School Location & Design HIA
Providing HIA training
MDH’s Role in Promoting HIA
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MDH’s Role in Promoting HIA (II)
Promoting Health in All Policies EAW & Comprehensive
Plans Tool Development (EAW,
comp planning, brownfields, climate change)
Sharing information on HIA: website & listserv (500+)
Promoting HIA through Collaboration
(http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hia/)
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Collaboration: Get Involved HIA Interagency Workgroup: (12 agencies)
MN HIA Coalition: (70+ members) (http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hia/coalition.html)
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HIA Reports
Improving Health in the United States: The Role of Health Impact Assessment (http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13229)
Minimum Elements and Practice Standards for Health Impact Assessment (http://www.humanimpact.org/doc-lib/finish/11/9)
Guidance and Best Practices for Stakeholder Participation in Health Impact Assessments (http://www.hiasociety.org/documents/guide-for-stakeholder-participation.pdf)
Promoting Equity through the Practice of Health Impact Assessment: (http://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/PROMOTINGEQUITYHIA_FINAL.PDF)
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Resources: HIA Websites
MDH HIA webpage (http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hia/)
CDC Healthy Places webpage (http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/hia.htm)
World Health Organization HIA webpage (http://www.who.int/hia/en/)
HIA Gateway – Public Health England (http://www.apho.org.uk/default.aspx?QN=P_HIA)
UCLA – HIA Guide web (http://www.hiaguide.org/)
Health Impact Project website (http://www.healthimpactproject.org/)
Design for Health website (http://www.designforhealth.net/resources/healthimpact.html)
Healthy Development Measurement Tool website (http://www.thehdmt.org/) Source: http://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-
bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/PROMOTINGEQUITYHIA_FINAL.PDF
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Contact Information
Kelly Muellman, AICPPrincipal PlannerMN Climate & Health ProgramMinnesota Department of [email protected]
Linden WeiswerdaPrincipal PlannerMN Climate & Health ProgramMinnesota Department of [email protected]
Please complete the online evaluation:https://survey.vovici.com/se.ashx?s=56206EE33D67C4D2*We will send all participants links to today’s slides and the webinar evaluation*
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