+

Ghana, Mali, & Songhai

+Empire of Ghana (red outline)

What do you notice about Ghana’s location? Geography? Natural resources?

Significance?

SALT

GOLD

SALT

GOLD

+Empire of Ghana (copy)

Merchants paid taxes to Ghana for salt &

gold

Ghana used

money to conquer

new territory

Conquered territories

paid tribute to

Ghana

-“Salt was valuable because .”

-“Gold was valuable because .”

+Empire of Ghana

BerbersPeople from North Africa who practiced Islam, spoke Arabic, & traded salt/gold across the Sahara

Importance?______________________

+Islam & Ghana

Before Islam After IslamReligion

•Ancestor worship• Power to rule came from ancestors

•Convert to Islam•Maintain old ways•Blend both religions

Language

• Tribal languages (Soninke, Mande)

•Arabic (in gov’t, trade, & cities)•Tribal languages

Laws •Only men could inherit property

•Women given some rights when fathers died

Economy

•$$$ from gold/salt

•$$$ from gold/salt

+Decline of Ghana

Almoravids – took over North Africa in 1000’s & attacked Ghana Wanted others to convert to Islam Weakened Ghana’s trade network Took capital city of Koumbi Saleh in 1076 C.E.

Significance of Ghana’s downfall?

+Video: “DE – Islam comes to Timbuktu”

Video questions (copy & answer): Name of empire after Ghana & who founded it? Who was Mansa Musa & what did he do? What did Muslims exchange for slaves & gold in Timbuktu?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuI5jgAFjeA

+Empire of Mali

Sundiata: founder

Timbuktu: capital city of Mali empireSignificance?

+Empire of Mali: Mansa Musa

Devout Muslim, but tolerated other religions

Mali’s most famous king

1324: Hajj (Pilgrimage) to Mecca 12,000 slaves; 80 camels; 300

lbs of gold

+Empire of Mali: Mansa Musa

Significance of Hajj? Attracted merchants & scholars

to Mali Increased trade between Mali &

other kingdoms Money funded the Renaissance

in Europe

+Decline of Mali (1332~1500)

Internal problems Disputes over succession Rebellion by Songhai people

External problems Invasions by Berbers & capture of Timbuktu (1433) Bandit attacks on trading caravans

+Empire of Songhai

Rebelled against Mali

Gao: capital city

Sunni Ali (king) Overthrew Berbers & expanded

Songhai empire

+Empire of Songhai: Askia Muhammad Spread Islam throughout empire

Successful in cities Not so much in countryside (still a

mix of Islamic & traditional religions)

Reorganized empire Set up provinces with governors

Yes, that’s from Aladdin. BUT he’s also an example of how Islam mixed with African beliefs

+Fall of Songhai

Internal problems Disputes over succession Weak rulers

External problems Invasions from North Africa (late 1500’s) Loss of $$$ (b/c lost salt mines) Major cities (Timbuktu, Gao) captured by invaders

+

BIG IDEAS in History

Notice any similarities between Ghana, Mali, & Songhai? Reasons for rise/expansion? Reasons for downfall? Other things?

+Homework

ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER!!!!!!

Write a summary of what you learned today, USING ALL OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS:1. Trans-Saharan Trade, Caravan

2. Sahara, Savannah, Rainforests

3. Gold, Salt, Slaves

4. Berbers

5. Ghana, Mali, Songhai

6. TaxesConquerTribute

7. Mansa Musa

8. Big Idea: Reasons for rise of empires? Reasons for downfall? Similarities between the empires.