© geoland2 consortium© geoland2 consortium

European Commission Fast Track Service Land within the GMES initiative in FP-7

Towards an operational

Global component of GMES Land Monitoring Core Service

F. Camacho, R. Lacaze, I. Trigo, F. Baret, G. Balsamo, K. Dabrowska, V. Lefèvre, J.C. Calvet, W. Wagner, P. Deforuny, K. Tansey, G. Borstlap, M. Leroy

EOLAB, HYGEOS, IM, INRA, ECMWF, IgiK, ITF, MF, TU Wien, UCL, UL,VITO, CNES

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Outline

Context Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES ) Land Monitoring Core Service (LMCS) Needs for Global LMCS

Users Global Land Monitoring Core Service

Requirements Land Cover & LC Change Vegetation, Radiation, Fire Snow, Ice

Implementation: The Geoland-2 project Background Functional view

BioPar Core Mapping Service Objectives Structure Portfolio

Quality Assessment Plan SDI Summary

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Man-made impact & climate variability – require adaptationMan-made impact & climate variability – require adaptationDirectives & Regulations – requesting geo-spatial monitoringDirectives & Regulations – requesting geo-spatial monitoring

AgricultureAgriculture – intensification leads to water stress,soil erosion and biodiversity decline

Soil ErosionSoil Erosion – 17% of total European land area affected, economic loss around 85 € per ha

BiodiversityBiodiversity – 335 species highlyendangered in Europe

WaterWater – 20% of all surface watersources seriously threatened by pollution

Urban SettlementsUrban Settlements and transport networksand transport networks growing - leads to soil sealing and fragmentation of landscape

Global environment under pressure …

e.g. man-made and climate induced changes in Europe

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Context

Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) aims to provide, on a sustained basis, reliable and timely geo-information services related to environmental and security issues in support of public policy makers’ needs

GMES is an EU-led initiative, in which ESA implements the space component and the European Commission manages actions for developing services, relying on both in-situ and space-borne remote sensing data.

“Fast Track” Services Marine Monitoring Emergencies Response Land Monitoring Core Service

GMES basic architecture Infrastructures: In-situ and Space data Core Mapping Services : Generic products Down-stream services: End-users applications

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Needs for a Global Land Monitoring Core Service

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EU 'development' policies European Consensus on Development (Enviroment, Water, Agriculture, Rural Devl) European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid Joint Africa-EU Strategy (AMESD, GMES & AFRICA) Other relevant policies (Thematic Strategy for Food Security, Environment and Natural

Resources Thematic Program (ENRTP), EU Water Initiative (EUWI))

International environmental treaties UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (eg. Kioto Protocol). UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) UN Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) UN Forum on Forest (UNFF) + UN Millennium Development Goals

Why? Because environmental protection and civil security are global issues

that require global monitoring to provide an informed basis for action.

Link with other international initiatives Global LMCS will be part of GEOSS Linked to GCOS, GTOS, IGOS, CEOS…

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Users

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Users European institutions (DG DEV, DG AIDCO, DG ENV, DG AGRI, EEA) International bodies (IPCC, UNFCCC, UNCCD, UNCBD) International agencies (FAO, UNEP, ECMWF, JRC-ACP, JRC/FOODSEC.) Other organisations (AMESD, GEO,..) Research on Earth Science System (ESSP, WCRP, IGBP, …) NGO, Civil society, Private sector (crop production, forest ..)

Need geo-information products for Climate Change, including Carbon fluxes; Land degradation and desertification; Forest and natural resources Biodiversity Water resources Agriculture and Food resources Urban and regional development

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Global Land Monitoring Core Service

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Three service elements: Global Systematic Monitoring Services ( ECVs)

Land Cover and Land Cover Change Vegetation, Fire, Radiation Water and Soil Snow, Glacier, Ice, permafrost

Hot Spots ad hoc Monitoring Services (eg. GMES & Africa) Thematic Services (eg. Land Carbon, Crop Monitoring)

Definition of product ‘status’: Development: Products under development Pre-operational: Products generated routinely and available to beta-users

for evaluation. Further improvements are expected after validation. Operational: Products generated routinely and validated.

Accuracy level: Threshold accuracy: Minimum acceptable quality. Target accuracy: Commitment from the producer. Optimal accuracy: Maximum expected accuracy.

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Requirements Consistent long-time series of ECVs Improving spatial resolution (better than 1 km when possible) Products independent of satellite sensors (multi-sensor approach) Products with uncertainties defined according to CEOS WGCV

procedures

Land Cover & Land Cover Change

Global Land Monitoring Core Service

1 Depends on application

Name ECV Horizontal resolution

Frequency of product update Error1 Maturity

Land c

over

/

land c

over

change

Land cover maps X 250m / 1km 1year 15% pre-operational

Fine-scale land cover maps X 10-30 m 1-5 years 15% pre-operational

Global land cover dynamics and disturbances (for several processes) X 250m / 1km Intra-annual/

long-time series 15% pre-operational

Fine-scale land cover change X 10-30 m 1-5 years 15% pre-operational

Hot spot land cover change monitoring 1-30 m 1-2 years

or less 15%

pre-operational for some change

processes

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Vegetation, Fire and Radiation

Global Land Monitoring Core Service

Type of service Global systematic monitoring service

Name ECV Horizontal resolution

Frequency of product update Error Maturity

TOC (top of canopy) reflectance

Veg

etat

ion

Fraction of Vegetation Cover 250m / 1km 7/10-days 15% pre-op

Leaf Area Index X 250m / 1km 7/10-days 15% pre-op

FAPAR X 250m / 1km 7/10-days 15% pre-op

Biomass X development

Fire

Burnt area maps X 250m 7/10-days 15% pre-op

Active Fire maps X 250m / 1km 7/10-days 15% pre-op

Fire Radiated pow er X 250m / 1km 7/10-days 15% pre-op

Rad

iatio

n

Land surface albedo X 250m / 1km 7/10-days 5% pre-op

Land surface temperature 250m / 1-3km 15 min/6 hours 1-2 K operational

Surface f luxes - Short-wave 250m / 1km 7/10-days 5-10 % operational

Surface f luxes - downward long-wave 250m / 1km 30 min 5-10 % operational

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Water and Soil

Global Land Monitoring Core Service

Name ECV Horizontal resolution

Frequency of product update Error Maturity

Wate

r and s

oil

Lakes maps. Wetlands/f lood plains 30-250m 10-30 days 10% operational

Level of lakes Level of large rivers X > 4 km

> 500 m 10-days 10 cm 20-70 cm ? pre-op

Lake surface temperature 1 km 1/10-days 0.5 K pre-op

Ground water X < 400 km 1-month 15% development

Actual Evapotranspiration 3 km 30min 0.1-0.4 mm/h pre-op

Water Quality

Soil type map

Soil productivity

Soil threats (human pressure)

Soil moisture (up to 10-cm soil depth) (X) 1-50 km 1-day 20% development

Snow, Glacier, Ice and Permafrost

1 For g lobal climate studies, not applicable in mountains 2 For water management and climate downscaling

Name ECV Horizontal resolution

Frequency of product update Error Maturity

Snow

Snow area extent X 1km 1-7 day 5% pre-op

Snow area extent (mountain areas) 500m 1-7 day 5% pre-op

Snow depth1 X 10km 1-week 10% pre-op

Snow depth2 500m 1-week 10% development

Snow water equivalent (SWE)3 X 10km 1-week 10% pre-op

Snow water equivalent (SWE)4 500m 1-week 10% development

Gla

cie

r a

nd ic

e s

heets Glacier area maps X 30-50 m 5-year 3% pre-op

Glacier surface topography 100 m 5-year 5 m (z) development

Ice sheet margin 1 km 1-year 2 km pre-op

Ice sheet topography X 1 km 1-year 0.5 m (z) development

Ice sheet elevation changes X 5 km 1-year 0.1 m (z) development

Ice sheet melt area 5 km 1-week 5 km pre-op

Permafrost extent continental (using indicators) X 1 km 10 year 2 % development

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Implementation: Geoland-2

LMCS complements existing operational European services: EUMETSAT / SAF Land, JRC / MARS Food, JRC/ ACP Observatory

ESA DUE GLOBCARBON, GLOBCOVER, GLOBSNOW.. Data distribution: PUMA, AMESD, EUMETCast, DevCoCost…

Geoland-2Implementation of

OperationalCapacity

Geoland-2Implementation of

OperationalCapacity

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geoland2 : Functional view

3 Core Mapping Services Euroland (Land Cover) SATChMo (Seasonal Monitoring) BioPar (Biophysical Parameters)

7 Core Information Services Land Carbon Natural Resource Monitoring in

Africa (NARMA) Global Crop Monitoring Forest Agri‐Environment Water Spatial Planning

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BioPar Objectives

Set-up an operational system, fully validated, developed according to industry standard, and that meets users’ needs.

Taking benefit of previous R&D projects to complement (SAF Land) or to extend (VGT4Africa) operational services

Building a strong user base (user-driven service)

Moving from off-line processing to Near Real Time

Integration global-regional-local to build a service providing bio-geophysical parameters at any scale of interest

Ensuring Service Continuity Developing sensor-independent algorithms Design back-up processing line (in case of failure of nominal sensor) Guarantee the compatibility between historic and current products Adapting the present method to the next generation of sensors

Improving Quality Assessment Combining technical, scientific, utility and external assessments

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BioPar Structure

BioPar

Users

R&D

Vegetation

Radiation

Water

Demonstration Operations

CnesVITOITF IM

Satellite & Ground Segment

Meteo satellites

EO satellites

HR MR LR

Data Flow NRT

Work Flow

User Feedback

Data Flow Off-line

Ancillary Data

In-situ Meteo Other

Dissemination SDI

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BioPar CMS Portfolio

ProductNRT / Off-line

Spatial Resolution

Spatial coverage

Temporal Resolution

Sensor

(back-up)

Land Surface Temperature NRT ~ 5 km Global 3 hours GEO + AVHRR

Downwelling Shortwave Radiation, Downwelling Longwave Radiation

NRT ~ 5 km Global 3 hours GEO + AVHRR

Surface Albedo - GEO NRT ~ 5 km Global 10-days GEO + AVHRR

Surface Albedo - VGT NRT 1 km Global 10-days VGT

LAI, fCover, fAPAR, DMP, NDVI, Phenology

NRT 1 km Global 10-days VGT (MODIS)

Burnt areas + seasonality NRT 1 km Global Daily VGT

MERIS FR biophysical products NRT 300 m Test Areas 10-days MERIS

HR biophysical products Off-line < 50m Pilot Areas 2-3 months SPOT

Time series of vegetation products Off-line 4 km Global 10-days AVHRR + VGT

Water Bodies + seasonality NRT 1 km Africa 10-days VGT

Soil Moisture + Freeze/Thaw NRT 25 km Global Daily ASCAT

Time series of soil moisture products Off-line 25 km Global Dailly ERS1&2 Scatt

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Quality Assessment Procedure

1- Technical validation at production centres (IM, VITO) 2- Scientific validation by independent team (EOLAB) 3- Utility assessment by user (CIS)

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1- Technical Validation

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Quality Assessment

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2-Scientific Validation Plan Following CEOS WGCV procedures A) Inter-comparison with operational products

Spatial consistecy Overall evaluation of products Statistical analysis of different metrics

Temporal consistency Temporal profiles Evolution of statistics

B) Direct Validation Quantitative accuracy Temporal realism

3-Utility Assessment User oriented validation.

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Spatial Data Infraestructure

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Conclusions: Stresa Workshop on Global LMCS

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Identification of key products/issues, user requirements

Global Monitoring: Land Cover & LCC, Vegetation & Fires, Water & Soils, Snow & Ice

Hot-spot Mapping and Thematic Services

Integration of complementary info (EO, in-situ, models)

Architecture: Atmosphere/Marine services could be used as a model

Research/expertise support to operations: quality, validation, improvements, new products

Need of continuity of products in time, reprocessing

End-to-end information chain: need of integration (EO, in situ data, land surface models, land cover change, carbon & water cycles, crop monitoring) through land data assimilation systems and human expertise

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Conclusions: Stresa Workshop

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Improve interaction with parallel projects EUMETSAT SAF’s DevCoCast ESA Strategic Actions: WACMOS (soil moisture time series) ESA Earth explorer mission: SMOS (dedicated soil moisture mission) Collaboration, potential exchanges (procedures, data, etc…) interfaces,

complementarities PNT ?

Open issues Consolidation of the GMES document: Assessment of Maturity and Relevance More discussion needed for “hot-spot” theme:

policy driven or driven by global systematic mapping? Continuous or flexible monitoring?

Governance to be addressed (assessment of existing assets, interfacing, international cooperation)

Bridge financing 2011-2013

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Conclusions

More information atwww.land.eu

Thank you very much for your Thank you very much for your attention !attention !

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