first roman emperor to become christian enforced “correct practice” of religion after his...
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THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH
Constantine the Great
First Roman emperor to become Christian
Enforced “correct practice” of religion
After his death in 337, Byzantium was renamed Constantinople
Constantine the Great, mosaic in Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul)Constantine I, bronze statue in York, England
Patriarchs
Five special bishops had authority over other church leaders Bishop of Rome Bishop of Alexandria Bishop of Antioch Bishop of Constantinople Bishop of Jerusalem
Argued over who was most powerful
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/interactive/map31.htmlThe Spread of Christianity
Map of the Roman Empire
Popes in Rome
Innocent I – pope is supreme leader of the church
Leo I – pope’s word is law Tradition of Apostle Peter as the first pope Christian church split into East and West
The Papal Emblem
Monasticism
Setting oneself apart from the secular world
Developed by Coptic Orthodox Church established in Egypt, 450 AD
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Clergy
Church leaders Two groups:
Secular clergy – lived in the world and interacted with people on a regular basis
Regular clergy – monks and nuns
“Monk” comes from a Greek word meaning “solitary” or “alone”
Leaf from a Royal Manuscript, Scenes from the life of Saint Francis
Benedict
Rules for monks Poverty Chastity Obedience
By the end of 600s, most monasteries in the West followed Benedictine rule.
Charlemagne required all monks to follow the Rule.
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Importance of Monasteries
Centers for knowledge, information, & literacy
Monks copied manuscripts, especially copies of the Bible
Between 400 – 800 AD, monks and scholars fled to Ireland to escape Germanic pagans
Kept Western learning and religion alive
The opening of St Luke's Gospel in the Lindisfarne Gospels
Venerable Bede
Wrote early histories of England Popularized the term anno Domini,
meaning “in the year of our Lord”
Bede’s Tomb in Durham Cathedral, EnglandThe Venerable Bede Translates JohnBy J.D. Penrose
Cathedrals
Durham Cathedral, England
Canterbury Cathedral, England Chartres Cathedral, France
Religious Occupations
CHURCH HIERARCHY OTHER POSITIONSPope
Cardinals
Archbishops
Bishops
Curates
Priests
Abbot/Abbess Almoner Cantor Friar Monk/Nun Pardoner Pilgrim/Palmer Sacristan Sexton