■ essential question: – how did the development of regional economies & clay’s american...
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■Essential Question:–How did the development of regional
economies & Clay’s American System led to a national market economy?
■CPUSH Agenda for Unit 4.4: –Clickers Questions–Market Revolution inquiry activity & notes –Today’s HW: 8.1–CPUSH Midterm: Friday, September 28–County Interim: Monday, October 1
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In the early Antebellum era (1800-1840), the U.S. economy grew rapidly
The South, North, and West each developed specialized regional economies that became connected into a national market economy
Class Activity: For each region of the U.S., identify the (1) technology that changed the region, (2) focus of the economy, and (3) impact of the economy on this region
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The South What technology
changed the South?
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The South What was the
focus of the Southern economy?
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The South What was the
impact on the South?
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In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin making cotton easy to refine and very profitable
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The South provided 75% of world’s cotton
and was the main U.S. export by 1840
Cotton stimulated Northern textile
and shipping industries
Cotton became the dominant cash crop of the Deep South
(known as “King Cotton”)
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“King Cotton” had important effects on AmericaCotton led to an increase
in western expansionCotton led to an increase in slavery in the Deep South
The Black Belt
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Distribution of Slave Labor, 1850
55%
15%10%
10%
10%
Cotton
Domestic Work
Rice or Sugar
Tobacco
Mining, Industry,Construction
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Only 25% of Southern whites owned any slaves;
Those who did own slaves owned very few
However, most slaves lived on large plantations
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Slave muzzle
The Brutality of Slavery
Leg Irons
Slave ID Tag
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The Brutality of Slavery
Leg Irons
Branding irons
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The NorthWhat technology
changed the North?
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The NorthWhat was the
focus of the Northern economy?
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The NorthWhat as the impact
on the North?
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Eli Whitney’s development of interchangeable parts and new textile technologies led to
an Industrial Revolution in the North
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Spinning Mule
Power LoomSewing Machine
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In the 1790s, Samuel Slater used British industrial designs to build the first American textile factories
In the early 1800s textile mills spread
across New England
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The most famous textile mill in America was the
Lowell Mill in Boston
The Lowell Mill used mechanized machines to
mass-produce textiles
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Lowell employed young women (“Lowell girls”) from the country who lived in boarding houses
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The growth of factories led to an increase in
American cities (called urbanization)
American cities in 1820
American cities in 1860
By 1840, Northern factories mass produced textiles,
farm equipment, and other finished goods
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The growth of factories created jobs and led to an increase in European immigration to the United StatesIn the 1840s, millions of Irish and Germans
immigrated to America
Immigrants worked in low-paying New England factories
or moved west as farmers
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Rapid immigration led to hostility and prejudice
by native-born Americans called nativism
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Nativists were worried that immigrants would vote, would remain poor and become a social burden, and
that Catholic immigrants would remain loyal to the PopeThe Know-Nothing Party formed in the 1850s to
restrict immigration and limit immigrant voting rights
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■Essential Question:–How did the development of regional
economies & Clay’s American System led to a national market economy?
■CPUSH Agenda for Unit 4.4: –Pop Quiz –Market Revolution inquiry activity & notes –Today’s HW: 8.1–CPUSH Midterm: Friday, September 28–County Interim: Monday, October 1
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The WestWhat technology
changed the West?
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The WestWhat was the focus of the
Western economy?
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The WestWhat as the impact
on the West?
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Population growth and land
opportunities led to rapid
growth of the West
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New technologies made large-scale farming possible
Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper
John Deere’s steel plow
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The West became “America’s bread basket” where commercial farms
produced wheat, corn, livestock
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From 1800 to 1840, these three regional economies became connected into a national market economy
Henry Clay’s American System helped connect
the South, North, and West
American System created a tariff
to promote Northern industry
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The BUS held ~$10 million in federal money and loaned it to state banks which forced
small banks to be smart when issuing loans
State banks loaned money to individual citizens, businesses, or local governments to finance roads, canals, factories, & farms
The Second Bank provided federal money for investment and regulation over the U.S. banking system
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Clay’s American System provided national funding
for transportation
A transportation revolution created an infrastructure of roads, canals, early railroads
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Farmers in the South and the West could get their goods to market by using rivers and ocean-based shipping
But, no rivers connected Eastern
factories and Western farmers
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Private companies, state gov’ts, and the
national gov’t invested in road construction
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Many states built canals to link the
East and West
The first major link between the East and West was the Erie Canal
(finished in 1825)
The Erie Canal brought so much trade down the Hudson River, New York City
became the commercial capital of the U.S.
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Transportation improved when Robert Fulton
invented the steamboat
Steamboats allowed for up-river travel and reduced
shipping time and costs
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Canals and steamboats allowed Western farmers to buy manufactured farm equipment, reduce shipping costs
by 90%, and increase their profits
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In the 1830s, railroad construction first began
The growth of trains was slow because they were expensive and competed
with canals, but…
They were faster than roads and canals, could
travel in any season, and could go in any direction
By 1860, railroads were the dominant means of
transportation in America
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Closure Activity: Label each region of the nation and its economic specialty