白武平 编

Enter

Section ASection A

Looking to the 21st Century

Pre-reading Activities

Structure of the Passage

New Words

Expressions & Patterns

quiz

Writing

Tips from CET- 4

Questions and Answers

Background

TheFuturist http://www.wfs.org/futurist.htm, a bi-monthly magazine of predictions, trends and ideas published since 1967, takes no position on what the future will or should be but acts simply as a clearing house for ideas.

The World Future Society http://www.wfs.org, located in Maryland, produces five publications, manages a bookstore, its web site http://www.wfs.org and its membership of over 30,000. It is a not-for-profit organization for educators and scientists interested in how social and technical developments shape the future.

Questions & Answers

1. How will work quality be determined in this new century?2. What tool brings about major change in

this new century?3. What are the five tasks this tool will do in

this new century?

This new century will bring many changes. Computers could measure brain activity to determine the quality of our work. Doctors will use computers instead of books to evaluate and treat sickness; citizens will use computers to learn about health problems. Computers in cars will show our routes, take money from our bank accounts, identify motor problems, figure out repair costs and locate repair shops. Home computers will take care of regular duties in the home and help with homework and order food. More women

will enter the work force and start their own business; people will change jobs every ten years; middle managers will disappear while people with precise skills will become more important than ordinary workers. Protecting the environment will be an international concern. Health and fitness will be major interests of government and business as well as citizens.

Major Writing TechniquesMajor Writing Techniques

Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis

Structure Analysis

Central topic:

Looking to the 21st Century

Structure AnalysisMain Idea of the Text

The author lists eight different important elements concerning ourselves in the era, 21st century : Future, brain, doctor, car, computer-home, workplace, environment and health. Through the illustration of these eight aspects, the author predicts the future pictures in the 21st century.

 

Main Idea of Each Paragraph

Your Future: It is what we do and do not do that determine the future.

Your Brain: Your brainwaves may be checked to decide whether you focus on work.

Your Doctor: Doctors will treat you by referring to visual information from

computers.

Your Car: Cars will be entirely controlled by computers.

The Computer-Home: Home computers will become essential

to home life.The Workplace: People are

changing careers after a period instead of staying in a job for life.

The Environment: Besides special groups, governments and businesses also concern about the environment.

Your Health: Physical fitness and healthy lifestyles have changed from fashion and hobby for few to official

policy for many businesses and governments.

Major writing techniques:

Topic-details

Way

Quotation/Personification

Example/Simile/Comparison

Parallel / Number

Topic-Details way ( 主题细节法 )

The writer presents the prediction for the 21st Century with general statements, which are supported by details. Each general statement has been numbered for quick scanning.

Just look at Number 6 of the reading passage. We find that the topic for

this part is “the changing face of work

and the workplace”. To describe the changes, the writer organized five

short paragraphs in this part.   

The first paragraph is about the general statement.

    The second paragraph is about the

women’s role in work.

The third paragraph is about people’s changing career.    The fourth paragraph is about the role of information and knowledge at workplaces.    The fifth paragraph is about the role of specialists. And from second paragraph to the fifth paragraph are details to support the general statement in the first paragraph.  

The fifth paragraph is about the role of specialists.

And from second paragraph to the fifth paragraph are details

to support the general statement in the first

paragraph.

Quotation ( 引言法 )

To support his argument, the author quotes as hard evidence from the magazine, the Futurist published by the world Future Society saying: “The responsibility we have for the future begins when we …what we do not do.”(P198, line5-8)Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems.(P198, line13)

Personification( 拟人法 )

• The future does not determine itself.(P198,line2)

• Computers will record the passage of the car and automatically take the money from the owner’s computer bank account.(P199, line31

• Computers will show drivers maps of districts the car is crossing on a small screen in the car.(P199, line34)

Computers will diagnose any problems with the engine. Computer

connections will list the nearest places of repair, tell the cost of new parts and the place where they can

be bought. (P199, line36)Computers turn on the lights, heating

and essential household services before people arrive home from

work. Computers control cooking, hot water, security.(P199, line44)

London, England’s biggest city, often suffers from air pollution which

causes more than 1,000 deaths a year.(P200, line68)

Here, the author compares the future to be a man because only man can take such actions as “determine, show, diagnose, list, tell, turn on,

control, suffer from”

Example( 例证法）Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer

tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems.(P198, line13)

For example, Germany has 600 sites that monitor carbon monoxide.(P200, line72)

Simile( 明喻 )

• Frequent computer analysis could tell whether workers, like air traffic controllers, are seeing all activity clearly enough to monitor it properly.(P199, line17)

• Computers enable homework assignments to be done with worldwide resources, using sites like museums and science facilities around the world.(P199, line46)

Comparison( 对比）• Homework help can come equally from the

local library, or libraries and databases in places as far apart as New York and London, or from teachers and fellow students around the globe.(P199, line47)

• Specialists are becoming more important than general workers.(P200, line62)

Parallel( 排比）• We ourselves build the future both through

what we do and what we do not do.(P198, line7)

• Computer connections will list the nearest places of repair, tell the cost of new parts and the place where they can be bought.(P199, line36)

• Besides, every part of the passage is in parallel.

Computers turn on the lights, heating and essential household

services before people arrive home from work. Computers control cooking, hot water,

security.(P199, line44)

Homework help can come equally from the local library, or libraries and databases in places

as far apart as New York and London, or from teachers and

fellow students around the globe.

(P199, line47)

Number( 数字法）• More than half of the home computers sold in the

United States in recent years will become essential to home life in the West.(P199, line41)

Women now form more than half the workers; the percentage is…(P200, line55)

London, England’s biggest city, often…which causes more than 1,000 deaths a year.(P200, line68)

For example, Germany has 600 sites that monitor carbon monoxide.(P200, line72)

Although pills for…doctors, most now require patients to develop…(P200,line81)

New Words

household

siege

predict

alternative

survive

interactive

通过所测量到的他们头部脑电波活动的强度，他能够预测他们的成绩。

predict v.

1) say in advance (what will happen) 预测 , 预言，预料

1) He could predict their performance from the strength of the brain’s electrical activity measured through the head.

2 ） She predicted that he would marry a doctor.

e.g.

她预言他将娶一位医生。

practice经济学家预言利率将会下降。

Economists are predicting a fall in interest rates.

这项报告预言煤炭业将失去更多的工作岗位。The report predicted that more jobs would be

lost in the coal industry.很难预料这次事故会有什么长期影响。

It is difficult to predict what the long-term effects of the accident will be.

Predictability n.predictable adj. 可预言 [ 报 ] 的

predictably adv.Predictive adj. 预言性的 ; 前兆的

prediction n. 预言，预告The outcome of hardworking students is

always predictable.Predictably it was the demonstrators wh

o were blamed for the violence.不出所料，暴力行为的责任推到了示

威者身上。

PredictionEarlier predictions of a Republican victory began to look increasingly unl

ikely.对于共和党获胜的早期预言开始

显得越来越不可能了。I find it very hard to make a predicti

on.我发现这非常难以预料。

2) Student-centered teaching is interactive teaching in the classroom.

interactive a. 1)  communicating between the user and the machine 人机对话的 2 ） acting on each other 互动的

Interactive working ways are helpful to harmonious relationship .

互动的工作方法有利于形成融洽的关系。

1) This will make computer games more interactive than ever.

这使得电脑游戏中人机之间比以前更能互通信息。

以学生为中心的教学是一种在课堂上师生双向互动的教学方法。

eg.

practice

interact vi. interaction interactivity n. All things are interrelated and interact on each

other. 一切事物互相联系并互相作用。

Tom interacts well with other children in the

class. 汤姆和班里的其他孩子相处得很好。 The interaction of the tones of demand and

supply is the law for marketing economy. 供求消长趋势的相互作用是市场经济的规律。

1 ） They had a right to seek alternative employment.

alternative

a . giving a choice from among more than two things 可选择的

n. a serious choice （必须作的）选择

There doesn’t seem to be an alternative option.

他们有权选择另一项工作。

除了向警察举报他，我别无选择。

似乎没有别的选择。

哈姆莱特别无选择，只能与那位武士决斗。Hamlet had no alternative but to duel with the knight.

2 ） I had no alternative but to report him to the police.

eg.

practice

alternate a.(1) 交替的 , 轮流的 ; (2) 更迭的 ;(3) 交错的 , 每隔一的 , 间隔的 , 预备的 , 候补的(4) 【植】互生的n. (1) 替换物 (2)[ 美 ]( 委员 ) 代理人(3) 备用机场 (4) 比较方案 (5) 交错比例vt. 使交替 , 使轮流vi. 交替 , 轮流 ; 【电】交流

eg.a. an alternate member of the committee 委员会候补委员 alternate angles 【数】 ( 一对 ) 错角 alternate layout 另一方案 alternate leaves 【植】互生叶 alternaterows 隔行 on alternate days 隔日n. He is the alternate for Xinhua News Agency. 他是新华社的代表。v. Night and day alternate. 昼夜交替。

2) household costs / household business 　

household

Each countryside household has the similar living means.

n. all the people living in a house 家庭

a. of family & house 家庭的，每户的

1) Many poor households are experiencing real hard times.

　许多贫困家庭正过着极度艰难的生活。 。

农村每家每户的生活方式差不多。

eg.

practice家庭开支 / 家庭企业 　

马克思是一个家喻户晓的名字。The name Marx is a household name.

2) Some people believe that only the strongest can survive.

survive v.

Thankfully, my village survived the great flood.

1) continue to live especially after coming close to death 幸免于难

2) live longer than 比 ...... 活得长

1) We all hoped that the small boat could survive the storm.

我们都希望小船能幸免于暴风雨的劫难。

有些人相信只有最强壮的才能生存下来。

谢天谢地，我的村庄在那场特大洪水中幸存下来。

eg.

practice

汤姆比他妻子多活了三个月。 Tom survived his wife by three months.

2) In June 1176 King Richard laid siege to Limoges.

siege

The TV station has been under siege from irate viewers phoning in to complain.

n. an act of surrounding a city, etc., by an army trying to capture it

包围

1) Troy was under siege for ten years. 特洛伊城被围困了 10 年。

理查一世国王于 1176 年 6 月对科摩日实施包围。

电视台受到愤怒观众的围攻，他们不断打电话来投诉。

eg.

practice

丑闻爆出后，数十名记者包围了梅勒的公寓。When the scandal broke, dozens of journalists laid siege to Mellor’s apartment.

ExpressionsExpressions

Patterns

1. impose on (upon)Expressions

2. work on (upon) 3. pay for 4. 4. bill for

5. start up

6. on average

7. at risk

政府不可能向面包或牛奶这类生活必需品税。

impose a tax on importsimpose duties on wines and spiritsimpose a false article upon a person

征收进口税 /征收酒类税 /把假货卖给某人

The government would not dare to impose taxes on such needed foods as bread or milk.

1. impose on (upon) 强加于

practice

eg.

He's working on a play that he started last week.

2. work on (upon) 努力做 ...... 

肯正忙于为在大都会歌剧院演出的一部歌剧制作几台布景。

Ken was working on some sets for an opera at the Met. (metropolis)

他正在写他上周开始写的那个剧本。 eg.

practice

Sometimes you have to pay dearly for mistakes.

They should pay for their ill behavior.

particular make of goods or trade mark3. pay for因什么而受苦 ; 因购买 ...... 而付钱

有时侯你得为自己所犯的错误付出沉重的代价。

他们应为自己的不良行为付出代价。practice

eg.

我是用高价买的这辆自行车。 I paid good money for that bicycle.

他对自己预定的饭菜付了帐。He paid for his reserved meals.

He was billed for driving too fast.

那顿饭吃了 100元。The bill for the meal is 100 yuan.

4. bill for 送交某人账单或罚单

修车的总共费用是 200美元。 The bill for the repairs of the car came to $200.

他因为开快车而被罚。

practice

eg.

He is billed for the suspect of being involved in package betting.

他因涉嫌聚众赌博被罚。

他成功地开办了一家汽车公司。

After tireless efforts, he has eventually started up a computer supermarket.

他们想做蔬菜水果生意。He started up a successful car firm.

They were thinking of starting up in the fruit and vegetable trade.

经过一番不懈的努力，他终于开办了一家电脑超市。practice

eg.

5. Start up 开办 , 开设

On average, he will have two kilograms of boiling water for his body’s function .

我们的月平均收入可达两千元。On average, our monthly income can come to 2000 yuan.

他一天平均喝两公斤开水保持生理功能的正常运作。

practice

eg.

6. on average 平均

If doctors themselves have the virus, they are putting their patients at risk.

世界上特别是非洲地区有数量众多的人口正面临饿死的危险。There are now still a large proportion of the people in the world are at risk of dying from hunger, especially those in Africa areas.

如果医生自己也携带病毒的话，他们的病人就危险了。

practice

eg.

7. at risk 冒险

Patterns

1. should you (if you should) …

2. make it a./n. for sb./sth. to do...

1. Should you ……假如 /如果… 引导条件从句用虚拟语气Should you come late again, I’ll contact your par

ents.

你要是再迟到，我就要和你父母联系。 Home computers will enable you to answer inter

active questions about your health and show the alternative results should you act in a certain way.

家用电脑可以让你通过交互方式回答有关你健康状况的问题， 还会告诉你不同的行为方式会带来不同的结果。

类似用法还有： Had he arrived there earlier, there would be

no problem arising. ( If he had arrived there…)

如果他早点到那的话，就不会出现问题。 Were he to ask me for help, I’ll be ready all t

he time.(If he were to ask me…)

要是他请我帮助，我随叫随到。初此之外， should 可以换成 might, would, m

ust 等助词。

2. Make it a./n. for sb./sth.to do 使人 ( 物 )…

在这个结构中 it 为形式主语Now governments…affect everyone, making it difficult for cit

ies to survive and for businesses to make a profit.(Para.29)

如今政府和企业都认识到，受到污染的水和空气会危害每一个人，会使城市难以生存，公司无利可图。

What he did make it embarrassing for him to get along with his neighbor afterwards.

他所做的一切使他后来难以与邻居相处。 Many girl college students are easily to make it a fun to stud

y hard.

许多女大学生易于将努力学习看作为一种乐事。

类似用法还有 :He feels it a boring thing for him to listen to teachers when he gets hungry.他觉得让他饿着肚子听课是一件犯人的事情。They consider it challenging for the government to solve the problem of air pollution in a short time.他们认为让政府短期内解决空气污染问题是对他们的挑战。还有一些使役动词如 have, get, leave 等或表示猜测，判断等意义的词如 think, suppose, propose, assume, bet 等。

eg.

He thinks it a wise choice for him to spare some time for recreation besides study.

他认为除了学习之外，抽点时间娱乐是明智的做法。

They got it convenient for the habitants to have exercises every morning by adding some athletic devices.

他们添置了一些运动器材以方便居民每天晨练。

Structured WritingStructured Writing

From the former analysis of the text structure , we know that each paragraph has the same way to present, a topic with precise details. Now try to write your own paragraph. Here are some topics for you to choose from. One of the topics has a detailed outline that you can follow if you want to.

Topic:Topic: **It is convenient to learn online.It is convenient to learn online.Outline:Outline: **not tired of answering your questions/at not tired of answering your questions/at any time/at any place any time/at any place

**take your time to answer questions, not feel take your time to answer questions, not feel

ashamed of your wrong answersashamed of your wrong answers

**check your own progresscheck your own progress

Sample Writing

It is quite convenient to learn online. Through online learning, you may not be tired of answering many questions because you can have our own choice of time to answer. Instead, you can answer and learn at any time and at any place.

Therefore, you are allowed to take your time to answer questions until you are confident enough. At the same time, you will not feel ashamed of your wrong answers for there are no such real teachers or peers like that in a classroom to stare at. Thus, you can have your individual speed of learning according to your own performance and also you can check your own progress.

1. To call the music of another music-culture” primitive” is one’s own standards on a group that does not recognize them.

A) putting B) emphasizing

C) forcing D) imposing

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Directions: For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.

Quiz

D) imposing

2. Believe it or not, the old couple have ____ all their children.

A) exhausted B) survived

C) corresponded D) outgrown

B) survived

3. Mary ____ to pass her driving test on the fifth attempt.

A) managed B) succeeded

C) decided D) continued

A) managed

4. Get up early and run every day. You will

____ a lot from it.

A) profit B) make

C) benefit D) winC) benefit

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5. The population in Japan contains a high ____of old people.

A) tendency B) percentage

C) range D) tradition

B) percentage

7. In order to increase our output, we need to import more production ____ .

A) facilities B) treatment

C) range D) audience

A) facilities

6. The visiting scholar made a careful ____of the current situation.

A) examination B) analyze

C) analysis D) quarrelC) analysis

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9. His study is focused on the ____ between the two cultures of the United States and China.

A) alternative B) management

C) interaction D) reaction

8. Mr. Smith plans to ____ a larger house with

a swimming pool.

A) perform B) protect

C) predict D) purchaseD) purchase

C) interaction

10. ____ sources of protein must be found when

meat and fish are not available.

A) additional B) alternate

C) alternative D) attractiveC) alternative

11. As a mother, she is too ____ toward her

daughter; she should let her see more of the

world.

A) hopeful B) modest

C) protective D) confidentC) protective

13. No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A) performing B) performed

C) to be performed D) being

performed

B) performed

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12. She is a very ____ secretary: she never

forgets anything or makes a mistake.

A) anxious B) effective

C) adequate D) efficientD) efficient

15. They are considering ____before the prices go

up.

A) of buying the house B) with buying the house

C) buying the house D) to buy the houseC) buying the house

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14. The hopes, goals, fears and desires _____

widely between men and women, between

the rich and the poor.

A) alter B) shift

C) transfer D) varyD) vary

17. We take our skin for granted until it is

burned ____ repair.

A) beyond B) for

C) without D) under

A) beyond

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16. Putting in a new window will cutting away part of the roof.

A) include B) involve

C) contain D) comprise

B) involve

19. Not only the professionals but also the

amateurs will ____ from the new training

facilities.

A) benefit B) derive

C) reward D) acquire

A) benefit下一页

18. Purchasing the new production line will be a ____ deal for the company.

A) forceful B) tremendous

C) favorite D) profitableD) profitable

20. Mobile telecommunications ____is expected

to double in Shanghai this year as a result of

a contract signed between the two

companies.

A) capacity B) potential

C) possession D) impact

A) capacity

Tips form CET- 4

1. He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he ____us that he would try as hard as possible.

A) assured B) insured C) assumed D) guaranteed

2. I was about to ____a match when I remembered Tom’s warning.

A) scrape B) rub C) strike D) hit

A) assured

C) strike

3. ____ the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel, and almost everything.

A) As long as B) As far as

C) As soon as D) As well as

4. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ____ .

A) meaningful B) deliberate

C) innocent D) mature

D) As well as

B) deliberate

5. Crime is increasing worldwide , and there is

reason to believe the ____ will continue into

the next decade.

A) pace B) trend

C) schedule D) emergency

B) trend

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6. You shouldn’t have written in the ____since the book belongs to the library.

A) edge B) border

C) interval D) marginD) margin

8. This ticket ____ you to a free boat tour on the lake.

A) grants B) entitles

C) appoints D) credits

B) entitles

7. This is the nurse who ____ to me when I was ill in hospital.

A) entertained B) accompanied

C) attended D) shieldedC) attended

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10. Whenever a big company ____ a small one , the product almost always gets worse.

A) cuts down B) puts up with

C) takes over D) gets on with

9. It was in the United States that I made the

____ of professor Jones.

A) acquaintance B) association

C) recognition D) acknowledgement

A) acquaintance

C) takes over