Imperialism Motives and Spread

Motives Economic?

• Natural Resources Political and Military?

• Global empire=prestige Humanitarian and Religious Goals?

• Missionary Impulse• Social Darwinism• White Mans Burden

Spread of Imperialism Weakness of Non-Western States

• Decline in empires, slave trade, new nations weakened countries.

Western Advantage• Strong economies• Well-organized governments• Superior technology

Resisting Imperialism• Fought invaders• Organized nationalist movements (Gandhi)

Forms of Rule Direct Rule

• Sending officials and soldiers to administer colonies (France)

Indirect rule• Used sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers to govern their

colonies (Britain) Protectorate

• Local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors such as trade and missionary activity. Costs less than colony.

Sphere of Influence• Area in which outside power claimed exclusive

investment of trading privileges: Example China

Muslim Regions Empires in Decline

• Ottoman Empire Problems for Ottoman Empire

• Nationalist Revolts• European Pressures-France, Russia wanted land• Westernization-increased tension (Change)• Turks Reform-read pg. 300• Armenian Genocide-read pg. 300

Reform and Modernization• Egypt( improving tax collection, farm projects, and

landholding system.• Suez Canal pg. 300-301

India British Takeover

• Exploited diversity: Muslim/Hindu British Policies

• Make money• Did improve roads, keep peace, improve

banditry, western education and legal procedures.

Sepoy Rebellion• Read 304

India continued Impact of British Rule

• Viceroy• Trade, but was unequal Ex: Textile• Population growth because of? Lead to

famine? Different view on culture

• Western ways vs. Hindu or Muslim culture Gandhi peace movement End Separation of India and Pakistan.