UNIT 4: 1450-1750

CHAPTERS 12-13

CHAPTER 12: THE AZTEC AND INCA

CHAPTER 13: CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND

THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

Unit 4 is all about how at first the Aztecs and the Incas were in South Americaand then the Spanish came and crushed them. Unit 4 is thus known as Global Interactions because for the first time we now have the western hemisphere, and it is from 1450-1750.

CHAPTER 12

THE AZTEC AND THE INCA (1300-1500)

1. MesoAmerica= Mexico PLUS Central America

2. Mesoamerica + South America = Latin America

This chapter is about both the Incan and the Aztec Empires in Latin America. They were both around from about 1300-1500 and they were both CRUSHED by the Spanish conquistadors who came after Christopher Columbus went home.

In 1500s: Spain and Portugal later COMPLETELY transformed South America by bringing in

Catholicism

Slavery

Spanish rule

Massive patriarchy

Diseases (like smallpox, chickenpox and measles)

Horses, cows, goats, pigs and chickens

Iron and steel

Ships and cannons

And guns

S.P.E.E.C.

Actually, unlike the Spanish, the Aztecs and Incas treated men and women ALMOST the same. This is known as gender equality.

Men and women were different, but equal.

1. Men worshipped the sun/women worshipped the moon

2. Men worked in the fields/ women with childcare

3. Both men and women could be priests.

This is HUGE: This is completely different from almost every other religion we have studied. In Judaism women arent even allowed to read the Torah. The Islamic world treats women very badly, and even in Catholicism a woman cant be a priest or the Pope.

The Maya WILL NOT be on your IB Exam but.B4 the Maya were a group called the Olmecs . The only thing you need to know about them is that they used to build statues with really huge heads, like Alina, Krystal, James and Maximus.

EVERYTHING you read about the Aztecs and the Incas applies to the Maya as well:

Sacrifices on top of pyramids

Massive slavery

Theocracies and crazy priests in charge

Militaristic empires

This is because Long-Response and Essay questions will probably just say: South America (MAYA, AZTEC OR INCA)

RELIGION

Well, they were BOTH polytheistic and they were both major THEOCRACIES. (A theocracy is different from a democracy in that religion and religious figures are in charge)

Thinking Question: Should the words under God be removed from the Pledge of Allegiance?

With the Maya, Aztec and Inca, the priests really ran the show. Yes, they both had Emperors and Kings but the priests wielded tremendous influence and more often than not the Emperor used a special relationship to God (or the Gods) to justify his rule and brutality.

* remind me to show you scenes from the cartoon Road to el Dorado about the Gods!

KING

Their #1 emperor was a guy named Montezuma :of course he said he was a descendant of the Sun God.

**If you go to Mexico, drink the water, and get diarrhea,its called Montezumas Revenge (cuz we Europeans killed him and all his friends).

THEY HAD MILLIONS OF SLAVESAND WOULD SACRIFICE THEM ON TOP OF RELIGIOUS PYRAMIDS EAT THEIR HEARTS. YUM!!!!

They had these HUGE temples in every city, and on top of these temples, the priests would cut off the slaves or prisoners heads and then take out their heart. And then..breakfast!

You see, the Sun God required human blood every single day OR THE SUN WOULDNT RISE. And so to appease him the Aztec priests (not the Incas) would kill a different slave on top of their pyramid every day the sun rose.

After killing the slave and chopping their heads off, the PRIESTS would cut out the heart, hold it up for all the peasants (You) to bow down to and worship. Then the priests would do their godly duty and eat the heart (with ketchup, tobassco sauce, and pickles)

Other animals besides Aztecs that were cannibals:

PRAYING MANTIS

BLACK WIDOW. ...

TIGER SALAMANDER. ...

SAND TIGER SHARK. ...

CHICKEN. ...

CHIMPANZEE. ...

RABBIT.

5th Hour

Now when the Spanish come they will look at the Incas and Aztecs, and the Native Americans to the north, as SAVAGES. First of all, theyre NOT monotheistic and they dont have Jesus. And finally, they are cannibals.

SOME MAJORRRRRR DIFFERNECES BETWEEN SLAVERY IN LATIN AMERICA AND ELSEWHERE

A slave's children were free (Yay!) (The slave could have possessions and even own other slaves.) How quaint!

How to win your freedom: A slave could run away from their master, run outside the walls of the market and step on a piece of human excrement. Then they could present their case to the judges, they would grant that slave freedom. (Hmmmm. We should try this strategy in class)

A master could not sell a slave without the slave's consent (Aw man!!!)

An Aztec could become a slave as apunishment. Amurderersentenced to death could instead, upon the request of the wife of his victim, be given to her as a slave.

MY FAVORITE::::A father could sell his son into slavery if the son was declared incorrigible (bad behavior) by an authority (but dad, Ill never steal the car again.)

Those who did not pay their debts could also be sold as slaves (just like in old England and Georgia in the 13 colonies). People could even sell themselves as slaves to pay off a debt. Now if some you have less than stellar grades it is possible that my car tires need washing

** Remind me to show u scenes from Mel Gibsons movie Apocalypto, which has the best and most accurate sense of international slavery I can think of. You see, slavery in this world is not just about the Civil War.

DONT 4GET: Slavery has been practiced ever since man realized he was stronger than other men (ME). And greed, selfishness and aggression have ruled the day ever since. The Greeks had slaves, the Persians had slaves, ancient Egypt had slaves, the Maya, Aztec and Inca had slaves. Then Europe had slaves, Africans had slaves, Islamic rulers had slaves, American had slaves, Brazilians and Spanish Mexicans had slaves and on and on until the 1800s. Slavery was global and ageless..and lest u think slavery is gone, think of who picks your food and makes your clothes!!!!

In fact, after we have finished preparing for the AP Exam, remind me to show you scenes of sweatshop labor and farm workers, who are really the slaves of today.

GODS: the big one was the Sun God) Here is a list of all there other gods (no goddesses)

I will call on your randomly and you will pronounce them (Justin Knibbs will go first)

Huitzilopochtli. Huitzilopochtli (pronounced Weetz-ee-loh-POSHT-lee)

Tonatiuh. ...

Tezcatlipoca. ...

Chalchiuhtlicue. ...

Centeotl. ...

Quetzalcoatl. ...

Xipe Totec.

Tlaloc. Tlaloc (pronounced Tl-lock)

POLITICAL STRUCTURE:

The Aztecs were more like Rome, sending out local Governors to run conquered provinces.

The Incas, on the other hand, were kind of like China, controlling everything from Cuzco, the capital. The Incas didnt have as many slaves as the Aztecs and they DEFINITELY didnt eat their hearts (no ketchup)

HINT: If u ever get a question about bureaucracy or political structure, juts think of how Plantation High School is run (or even the United States)

The Aztecs demanded tribute from all surrounding villages; jewelry, gold, clothing, animals, starbucks, skittles (In fact, 40% of all their money and food came from village tribute.)

You also had to pay a tax after you were conquered, just like in Rome. (all empires really!!)

*An interesting thing about this concept of TRIBUTE is that any country that we study, any Empire, will collect TRIBUTE from its people, its territories and its conquered lands. Of course! Whats the fun of conquering someone if you cant collect their TRIBUTE.

Its basically subjects and citizens within those conquered areas either coming to the capital and giving the KING/CEASAR/EMPEROR their MONEY/GOLD/FOOD. It can also be simply seen as TAXATION. Its really all the same thing. I have not received TRIBUTE from any of you in weeks!

ALSO, how do you control large empires??????????? Roads!!!!!!!!!!!

The Aztecs actually invented the wheel. Betcha didnt know that!

Now we have bicycles, cars, the Flintsone cars and tricycles for

And the Incas had 10,000 MILES OF ROADS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

If u look at the Incan empire you see that they were mostly high up in the ANDES MOUNTAINS. The Andes Mountains are on the left side of South America and are considered the HARDEST mountains in the world to cross, even more than the Himalayas. They dont have Mt. Everest, but almost every peak is a steep 10,000 feet.

The Andes built their empire along these mountains and created roads going around them. In fact, their most famous city MACHU PICCHU, is known as CLOUD CITY and is in Peru.

If u go to Peru, you can take a trolley up (boring!)

Or..u can hike up. It takes 4 days and you have to walk 26 miles (Eazy Peazy!)

HERE IS A MAP OF THE INCAN EMPIRE IN THE ANDES.

In fact, the mountains were so formidable that the Incas HAD MO WRITTEN LANGUAGE. Instead they would use different colored cords called QUIPUS. The color and length of the cords determined the message. So saying something like Marisa only has a B in World History would look something like this:

THE INCAS HAD A PROBLEM

If u live on a mountain, how you gonna grow food?

Well, the Incas practiced something called terraced farming. it looks something like this:

They would actually cut away parts of the mountain to make flat steps. The Chinese did this to grow rice on mountains as well. Remember: this kind of information can go under ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMIC, TECHNOLOGY, ETC.

So can the information found below:

The Incas also had a crazy system of FORCED LABOR called the MITA SYSTEM. It went as follows:

1. Every village had to send 25% of all its men every 3 months.

2. When they came back, or died, the village would send the next 25%

3. When the Spanish conquer the Incas they will implement this Mita System in the silver mountain and on the sugar and tobacco plantations.

THE DEATH OF BOTH THE AZTECS AND THE INCAS CAME IN THE 1500S WITH.CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORS!!!!!

CHAPTER 13:

END OF THE EMPIRESAND HERE COME THE SPANISH

OK, so after Christopher Columbus left for Spain, the Spanish conquistadors started coming. In the 1500s they killed BOTH the Aztecs and the Incas and basically took over ALL of Central America, Mexico and South America (Portugal claimed Brazil).

WHY DID THEY COME? GOD, GOLD AND GLORY!!!!!

God: They forced everyone to become Catholic. If u didnt off with ur head!

Gold: seLf-explanatory. Actually, Latin America had a HUGE supply of silver

Glory: Fame

HOW DID THEY WIN? GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL!!!!!

Guns (Their guns and cannons were just too much)

Germs (They brought smallpox and other diseases, which the Aztecs and Incas had no immunity to)

Steel (Their cannons and armor were also too much)

ALSO HORSES. The Aztecs thought horses were just really huge dogs (Labradoodles). The ONLY large animal in South America, after the wooly mammouth went extict, was the LLAMA, which can spit really far distances like Alan George, Talaxy Bonner and Kyela Dixon

ALSO, many of the prisoners and slaves fought alongside the Spanish thinking: well theyre gonna be an improvement over the Aztecs, right?! Wrong!!!! They went from enslavement by one empire to enslavement by another!

The 2 main conquistadors are:

1. Hernan Cortez: Killed the Aztecs and enslaved Montezuma (got diarrhea as a result)

2. Fransisco Pizzaro: Destroyed the Incas and took Machu Picchu (Now crazy Americans take selfies there and fall off!! I call this natural selection)

MOST IMPORTANT PART: WHAT DID THE SPANISH CHANGE

DONT 4GET: You may get a long essay not on COMPARE/CONTRAST but on how a country CHANGED. Heres ur answer:

Vocabulary Word: Syncretic Religion:

Its when 2 religions join and become a new one that is a combination of both. This is what happened when Catholicism came to South America.

For Example

1. In Mexico City, one of the biggest holidays is the Day of the Dead Festival. I know many of you are failing IB Spanish so. It is otherwise known as Dia de los Muertos . It really has very little

Mexico: 81% Catholic. They just made abortion and gay marriage legal

Brazil: 61% Catholic: Women used to have 6 babies each because the Catholic Church DOES NOT allow birth control

When the Spanish and Portuguese came to Latin America they forced everyone to become Catholic. Or u got your head cut off (How Christian of them)

2. Example #2: Syncretic foods: Cajun cooking (boiled crawfish, fried oysters),

Conch chowder in the Bahamas

Jerk Chicken from Jamaica

Jerk Goat

pickled pigs feet in..Publix

OK, U MAY BE ASKED HOW SOUTH AMERICA CHANGEDDDDDDD AFTER 1492.

4. Well, we already discussed Catholicism

5. We also discussed guns, cannons, armor, steel and germs

6. Lets look at TRADE

By the way, this is what SMALLPOX looks like: Look at pix online if u like. We cured it in 1796

Fun Fact: The U.S Army wanted to get rid of Native Americans so badly that in the winter they gave Native American villages blanketscovered in Smallpox

VERY IMPORTANT: THE COLOMBIAN EXCHANGE

THE COLOMBIAN EXCHANGE :This is stuff that went from Europe to the Americas and from the Americas to Europe

WHAT DID EUROPE GIVE US?

Sugar and tobacco

Also cows, goats, pigs and chickens (Principal DiPaolo, Vanessa Fergusoni and I are vegetarians)

Small pox

Turkeys, pumpkins and squash

Also horses

Slaves!!!!

WHAT DID WE SEND TO EUROPE?

We sent potatoes, tomatoes and corn to Europe and china

The populations of Europe and china skyrocketed as a result!!!!!!

(CHINA TODAY: 1.3 BILLION PPL INDIA TODAY: 1 BILLION PPL)

And the world was FLOODED with SILVER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Gold: $1500 per ounce

Silver: $20.00 per ounce

Fairydust: priceless

Platinum: $1800 per ounce

It turns out that Peru and Bolivia had HUGE SILVER MINES. Well, whos gonna mine them?

3. Well, first the Spanish used the Incan MiTA SYSTEM:

Every male in every village had to work for free every three months

They all worked either in the silver mines or the sugar plantations

When these people died (and most did die), the Spanish brought in.slaves from West Africa.

Also, England LOVED Tobacco. So colonies like North Carolina, Virginia and Kentucky grew tobacco. Again, massive numbers of slaves were brought in.

4. The Spanish and the Americans get SLAVESSS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

The Middle Passage: The part of the Colombian Exchange where the slaves would come over from West Africa

30,000,000 slaves in 100 years/20% died on the trip over

The conditions were beyond description

African leaders were bad too!

This is what the boats of the MIDDLE PASSAGE BOATS looked like

DONT FORGET:

Africa had been involved in the slave trade long before Europe got involved.

African tribal leaders would take prisoners of war, or steal slaves from other villages.

They would sell them to North Africa, the Middle East (remember, the Middle East would take slaves as long as they werent Christians or Jews), as well as Europe.

But when Europe got involved the slave trade really accelerated.

In addition, the West African tribal leaders wanted the guns, gunpowder and other goods the Europeans were willing to trade.

As U can see, the conditions for the slaves was terrible. You had to sleep on the floor along with 200 other people. You had to go to the bathroom right there and you were not allowed on the deck of the ship for any fresh air. You died of disease, hunger, or water-borne diseases like cholera or dysentery. Probably you hoped for death.

LATIN AMERICAN POPULATION B4 AND AFTER

BEFORE COLUMBUS: 60-80 million AFTER COLUMBUS: 10 million

THE AZTECS OF MEXICO:

They went from 10 million 1 to 1 million

THE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS:

The native population went to almost zero!!

The slave population jumped to the millions.

***In Haiti the local Tainos (tie-ee-nohs) would rather jump off the cliffs to their deaths than be enslaved by either the Spanish, the French or the British.

DONT 4GET that E for ENVIRONMENT means:

Diseases OR Migration

Demographics

Family and kinship (They died cuz of smallpox, slavery and mistreatment)

SPANISH MILITARY VS. AZTEC/INCAN MILITARY

The Aztecs and the Incas BOTH had MAJOR military empires. I mean, they conquered EVERYONE around them and incorporated them into their world. Of course you became either a citizen paying tribute, a soldier or a slave. But when the Spanish came in they simply replaced the awful old rulers with awful new ones.

The Incas incorporated something like 10,000,000 peoples into their empire. And the Aztec capital of Tenochitlan (which is todays Mexico City) had 500,000. This was like Paris pr London, and when the Spanish saw it they thought, Is THIS the city of gold? And thats what the cartoon Road to El Dorado is all about. Hernan Cortez thought that Tenochitlan was the fabled city of El Dorado. Just like when Ponce de Leon went looking for the Fountain of Youth and founded St. Augustine near Daytona Beach instead. (The oldest city in North America: founded in 1516)

THE SPANISH CASTE SYSTEM IN LATIN AMERICA:

KNOWN AS THE ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM (Kind of like India)

THE ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

PENINSULARES: PEOPLE BORN IN SPAIN

CREOLES: YOU HAVE SPANISH PARENTS BUT YOURE BORN IN THE NEW WORLD

MESTIZO: HALF SPANISH/HALF INDIAN

MULATTOE: HALF SPANISH/HALF SLAVE

SLAVES

FRESHMEN

WHY DID COLUMBUS GO LOOKING FOR AMERICA IN THE 1ST PLACE?

Actually, he wasnt. Christopher Columbus was only looking for a quicker route to China. Thats why he named the islands of the Caribbean the West Indies, cuz he thought he was near India.

Why did everyone in Europe want to find a quicker way to get to China?

Because they wanted a faster way to buy all the things that China exported; like silk, printing blocks, and gunpowder.

Everybody knew the Earth was round. Only uneducated Europeans and Freshmen thought the Earth was flat. What they didnt know was how big the planet was.

Yet even after Christopher Columbus discovered America he and all of the explorers who came after him were still only looking for one thing: a way to get to China. They thought they could go through New York, and then Canada, and then the North Pole to get to China. This was called the Northwest Passage.

They were wrong. The North Pole was covered in ice but they didnt know that at the time.

Sad Note: because of Global warming the Northwest Passage now exists. Very sad! That is, the North Pole has so little ice that a ship can go from here to China during the summer. In fact, we have even found polar bears who have actually drowned because theres such little ice.

Portugal was the first country to make a move and create a GLOBAL TRADING EMPIRE

1. A guy from Portugal named Henry the Navigator set up a school for sea captains and navigators on the Atlantic coast. Portugal is right on the Atlantic after all.

2. The Portuguese then sent a guy named Vasco de Gama all the way from Europe to the tip of South Africa. He gets caught in so many storms down there that when he gets back alive, the king of Portugal names the tip of South Africa the Cape of Good Hope. It still has that name today.

Fun Fact: The tip of South Africa has the most Great White sharks in the world. They like the cold water. And morons still go surfing and get eaten up every year

3. Then they send a guy even further, all the way AROUND Africa, to India through the Indian Ocean. When they do that, theyre like You know what, lets start Portuguese cities in India and even further in South East Asia near China! This is how Portugal got involved in international trade.

Fun Fact: A guy named Magellan makes it all around the world, but he dies on his ship in the Philippines. His crew makes it back to Europe though. His crew is the first EVER to go all the way around the world. This is called circumnavigating the globe.

WHY WERE EUROPEANS SO GOOD AT SAILING?

Cartography: really good at making maps. I get lost at Sawgrass!

Navigation: The compass and the astrolabe, a device to measure constellations at night.

Better ships and innovation in ship design: the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria

They understood global wind patterns like the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic (thats why it takes 8 hours to fly to Paris but only 7 hours to fly back!)

Dont 4GET that India has the SUMMER MONSOONS!! (Actually, Europeans made us of ancient Islamic and Asian knowledge). DONt 4GET: Trade is everything!

Also, any time AP asks you a question: the answer is wind and ships

Next, Spain gets involved:

1. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were very Catholic people. In fact, it was they who kicked all the Jews and the Muslim armies out of Spain in 1491. You had a choice if you were Jewish; convert to Catholicism or be killed. This was known as the Spanish Inquisition. Thats not very nice of them. Is that very Christian?

2. Queen Isabella just wanted 3 things:

A. To make everyone Catholic

B. To find a quicker route to China

So, she sent Spanish conquistadors after Columbus to conquer South America

AP VOCABULARY WORDS (LONG RESPONSE AND MULTIPLE CHOICE)

Everything below simply explains HOW the 13 colonies, England, Spain and everyone else did BUSINESS. All of the vocabulary terms are associated with making money, trading with people, doin business and HOW theyre gonna colonize North and South America andTAKE OVER THE WORLD!!!!!!

After all.we now have a NEW hemisphere, dont we?!!!!!

Gotta figure out how to run iT!

AMERICAN 13 COLONIES.DEFINITIONS:

1. A MONOPOLY: When one company controls the whole market and that is the ONLY business around.

In America we dont like monopolies. AT&T used to be so big that we broke it up. Thats why we have Sprint, Verizon and T-Mobile! GO METRO!

2. Royal Chartered Companies: Europe set these companies up and gave them permission to do business in the Americas. The biggest thing that they traded in was silver.

They would take the silver from Latin America and use it to buy stuff in China. Actually, China and Japan got so much silver that their money started to become worthless. This is known as inflation and is a really big deal.

For example: A Ferrari used to cost $20,000. Now it costs $200,000. Thats because your dollar buys less than it used to. This is known as inflation. A Snickers bar used to cost 5 cents. Now its over $1.00

The worst inflation in history is in the African country of Zimbabwe. Their economy sucks so bad that it literally takes 100,000,000 Zimbabwe Dollars to buy a coke. China and Japan had terrible INFLATION because of all the silver and gold coming in from Latin America.

Another consequence, unfortunately, is that Mexico and Peru lost all their silver. Now they are very poor countries with a lot of problems.

But these companies also traded in tea or spices

Examples:

1. The British West Indian Company

2. The British Tea Company

3. The Dutch East India Company

4. The Dutch Philippines Company

5. The Jamestown Tobacco Company

3. Joint Stock Companies: Companies where people could buy shares of stock. If the company made money, so did the shareholders.

For example:

Google ($700 per share)

Coca Cola ($40 per share)

Facebook ($75 per share)

Apple (Almost $1000 per share!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)

4. Mercantilism: The idea that colonists are only supposed to trade with the mother country, and that the colonists only exist to support the homeland.

For example:

Mexico was only allowed to trade with Spain

The 13 colonies were ONLY allowed to trade with England.

MORE DIFFICULT DEFINITIONS.

In the context of the new global circulation of goods, there was an intensification of all existing regional trade networks that brought prosperity and economic disruption to the merchants and governments in the trading regions of the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Sahara, and overland Eurasia.

MR. SHTRAKHMANS DEFINITION:In other words the new Atlantic trading system, and really the discovery of the New World, really cost traditional Asian, African and Middle Eastern merchants a lot of money. Still, they made do and regional markets continued to make cash. Markets in Afro-Eurasia did well because they continued using their age old established business and commercial practices.

Dont 4GET that when I give you AP NOTES this is the language that MIGHT be on the AP Exam, so you should be able to read it. (Litterasy rocxks)

REQUIRED MARITIME (SEA AND OCEAN) EMPIRES YOU NEED TO KNOW:

a. Portuguese: WE LEARNED IT

b. Spanish: SOUTH AMERICA

c. Dutch: WELL TACKLE THIS LATER

d. French: CANADA AND SOME ISLANDS IN THE CARIBBEAN (HAITI)

e. British: THE 13 COLONIES

FINAL DEFINITIONS IN AP LANGUAGE

1. Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres. (DUH, WE KNOW THIS)

1. Rulers used tribute collection and tax farming to generate revenue for territorial expansion. (LIKE THE AZTECS)

**Im not saying Starbucks will get you an A but

2. Competition over trade routes, state rivalries, and local resistance all provided significant challenges to state consolidation (coming togethere) and expansion. (SELF-EXPLANATORY)

3. As new social and political elites changed, they also restructured new ethnic, racial, and gender hierarchies. (THE CASTE SYSTEM WITH PENINSULARES, CREOLES AND SLAVES)

4. Traditional peasant agriculture increased and changed, plantations expanded, and demand for labor increased. These changes both fed and responded to growing global demand for raw materials and finished products. LIKE SLAVERY for sugar, tobacco and cotton!!!!!)

5. As merchants profits increased and governments collected more taxes, funding for the visual and performing arts, even for popular audiences, increased.

How many of YOU like to go to the Opera, ballet or the Theatre?!!

CHAPTER ASSIGNMENTS

AZTEC AND INCA

1. Chapters 12 and 13 take place in Latin America. How would u explain this location?

2. Compare and Contrast the Aztec caste system and the Spanish caste system

3. Compare and Contrast Aztec religion and Spanish religion:

4. Compare and Contrast Aztec bureaucracy to Incan government:

5. What was the Mita system?

6. How did the Aztecs, Maya and Incas approach slavery?

7. How did the Aztec and Inca treat the female gender relative to Portugal?

AND NOW THE SPANISH COME

A. Explain GOD, GOLD AND GLORY:

B. Explain GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL:

C. WHY were these explorers looking for China?

D. What was the Colombian Exchange (I promise u this will be a Long Response Question in May) Let this be your Study Guide.

E. How did the Spanish change the ENTIRE DEMOGRAPHICS of Latin America?

AP NOTES HOMEWORK

CHAPTER 12-13 CROSSWORD PUZZLE : You MUST complete the CrossWord Puzzle with EACH of these vocabulary words in them. Only do this after you have completed the Chapter Questions in the homework (Ill be watching)

QUESTIONS CONT.

1. Why doesnt America like monopolies? (not the game)

2. Why would England or Holland ALLOW royal-chartered companies?

3. Whats the car company I use to show INFLATION?

4. What are some really expensive joint-stock companies today?

5. Define mercantilism:

6. What are the 5 MARITIME empires and what does maritime even mean?

7. Make sure you can UNDERSTAND all the AP Notes!!!

MAP ASSIGNMENT

PLEASE GRAB A BLANK LATIN AMERICA MAP OUTLINE AND COLOR IN THE COUNTRIES AND FILL IN THE CAPITALS. USE THE PURPLE TEXTBOOKS (No pink!!!!unless ur a girl!)

CENTRAL AMERICA

MEXICO: MEXICO CITY

GUATEMALA: GUATEMALA CITY

HONDURAS: TEGUCIGALPO

NICURAGUA: MANAGUA

COSTA RICA: SAN JOSE

PANAMA: PANAMA CITY

SOUTH AMERICA

VENEZUELA: CARACAS

COLOMBIA: BOGOTA

PERU: LIMA

BOLIVIA: LA PAZ AND SUCRE

CHILE: SANTIAGO

ARGENTINA: BUENOS AIRES

PARAGUAY: ASUNCION

URUGUAY: MONTEVIDEO

BRAZIL: BRASILIA

DATE: 1300-1500 (only 200 years. Then Columbus and his Conquistadors came and kicked their #$%)

LOCATION: Mexico and MesoAmerica.

POPULATION: 10 million people (thats a lot).Florida only has 20 million

MILITARY: aggressive military empire that conquered everyone around them

the Aztec military was strong (Just like Rome, China, the Muslims and the

Mongols)

And when they killed you they threw your village in with the Aztec empire

(Just like Rome, China, the Muslims and the Mongols)

You became a slave, or a soldier, or dead! (Just like Rome, China, the

Muslims and the Mongols)

Then your village had to pay tribute (Just like Rome, China, the Muslims and

the Mongols)

The Aztecs conquered and basically enslaved 10,000,000 people. If you

werent a slave then you were a peasant.

Also, just like in India, in Aztec society, the PRIESTS were very powerful and close to the top of the social pyramid. You can argue that priests and other religious officials are even high up here in America, but that is DEBATABLE. Certainly the Pope has a lot of influence.

OK, so we have said that the leaders of many civilizations used religion to justify their rule. Well, the Aztecs and Incas were no exception. Actually, both of these empires were theocracies (not democracies).

TTTTTTT OF SLAVES

all prisoners of war became slaves

FUN FACT : They would sacrifice someone every day to appease the sun gods

CAPITAL: Tenochitlan (TEN-O-CHEET-LAHN): 500,000 people

(the Spanish couldnt believe how big it was.and how much gold it had)

WRITING: No writing either

TRADE: Major long distance trade (just like Rome and China). I mean this one is COMMON SENSE. Look at the SIZE of the Aztec or Incan empires. Of course thye have trade. Same thing goes for EVERY MAJOR COUNTRYeven America.

Do you know where Apple sells a lot of iPhones. Europe

Do u know where Wal-Mart has opened the most stores. China

Do u know where General Motors sells a lot of cars..Russia

So if u get an essay on TRADE its really easy.

Gold and other precious metals

Technology

Ideas like religion

Animals like Lions or 1st hour

Etc.

DEATH: taken over by the Spanish Conquistadors after Christopher Columbus discovered America GUY THAT CRUSHED THEM: Hernan Cortez

FUN FACTS: when Hernan Cortez came to the Aztecs he had a beard like every other Spanish dude. Emperor Montezuma though he was the long lost god QUETZALCOATL, and invited him in. Stupid!

THE INCAS

Also, before the Incas were a group called THE CHAVIN, who really dont matter except they thought of the jaguar as a god.

DATE: also 1300-1500 (then Columbus came)

LOCATION: high up in the Andes mountains on the left side of South America

POPULATION: 10 million people too! (plantation has 90,000!)

MILITARY: aggressive military empire just like the AZTECS

In fact, the Incas would pretty much conquer everyone around them.

GOVERNMENT:

very beauracratic: a top down approach just like the chinese.

they would send incan governors from the capital to all the conquered lands, but everyone had to report to home base. Like when I send someone to Starbucks to do reconnaissance.

REMEMBER: Rome was a lot more loose with their organization, allowing a lot of local people to rule and make decisions. The Chinese had the civil service exam which you had to pass in order to work in the government.

SLAVERY: nope!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! not really. forced labor instead

SACRIFICES: yes, but not even close to as much as the Aztecs.

RELIGIOUS: polythesistic, and of course, priests were very powerful

THEOCRACY: a society ruled by religion where, AGAIN, Priests were at the top pf the social pyramid just below the Emperors.

MAJOR CITIES: MACHU PICCHU high in the Andes (in Peru today)

Machu PicChu is 8000 feet upvery hard to get to.very beautiful

FUN FACT: some people cant handle altitude sickness. When I was in Colorado, hiking up 8000, 10,000 and even 12,000 feet I would get very light nose bleeds once in a while. Stop laughing!

GUY THAT CRUSHED THEM: Fransisco Pizarro (its where the word pizza comes from. Not! see how gullible you are!)

Fun fact: the Inca had 10,000 miles of roads