**

digtalimage11@163.com

-

*

15%215%20%50%

**::1.2.MATLAB 3.:Adobe PhotoshopMATLAB

** 2.1.

** n1 n2RDCRn1=n2,CR =1,RD =0 n2n1,CR0,RD -

**3.

**:LnrkMNMNLavg

**1:823 1

rk12r0=00.190003112r1=1/70.250013102r2=2/70.210103012r3=3/70.1601130013r4=4/70.08100300014r5=5/70.061013000015r6=6/70.0311030000016r7=10.0211130000006

-

2bit

** 234,223,231,238,235 234,-11, 8, 7, -3

**f(x,y) .1.

**f(x,y)

**2. 210

**31

**

**30110:120:1

**1. A. B. C. D. 2 . A. CT B. C. D. GIS3.100,120,140,160..100,20,20,20.., A. B. C. D.

**4. A. B. C. D.5. A. B. 6. 100*1008bit20000bit A.2:1 B.3:1 C.4:1 D.1:2

**.1.Entropy

** :

**1.a2a6a1a4a3a50.40.30.10.10.060.04

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.1a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.1a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.10.40.30.3

a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.10.40.30.3

0.60.4

a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.10.40.30.3

0.60.4

0101010101a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.10.40.30.3

0.60.4

0101010101a2=1a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.10.40.30.3

0.60.4

0101010101a6=00a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.10.40.30.3

0.60.4

0101010101a1=011a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.10.40.30.3

0.60.4

0101010101a4=0100a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.10.40.30.3

0.60.4

0101010101a3=01010a2a6a1a4a3a5

0.40.30.10.10.060.040.40.30.10.10.10.40.30.20.10.40.30.3

0.60.4

0101010101a5=01011a2a6a1a4a3a5

**:z:

**X97.3%; 2.7.

:,,

** {xy}{1/32/3}NxNyxyxy1.58bit0.588bit,{xy}011y;

** : 0~101;

**2abcd4{dacba} (1) [01] a=[0.0 0.4) b=[0.4 0.6) c=[0.6 0.8) d=[0.8 1.0)

abcd0.40.20.20.2

**(2) (3) 1d [0.8 1.0) (4) 2a[0.8 1.0)a[0.8 1.0)[0.0 0.4) StartN =0.8+0.0(1.0-0.8)=0.8 EndN=0.8+0.4(1.0-0.8)=0.88

**(5) 3c[0.8 0.88)c[0.8 0.88)[0.6 0.8) StartN =0.8+0.6(0.88-0.8)=0.848 EndN =0.8+0.8(0.88-0.8)=0.864 (6) 4b[0.848 0.864)b[0.848 0.864)[0.4 0.6) StartN =0.848+0.4(0.864- 0.848)=0.8544 EndN =0.848+0.6(0.864- 0.848)=0.8576

**(7) 5a[0.8544 0.8)a[0.8544 0.8576)[0.0 0.4) StartN =0.8544+0.0(0.85760.8544)=0.8544 EndN =0.8544+0.4(0.8576-0.86544)=0.85568{dacba}[0.8544 0.85568){dacba}[0.8544 0.85568){dacba}

**[0.8544 0.85568)[0.1101101010000110 0.1101101100001101)0.110110111101101111011011{dacba} 8/5=1.6 bit/

[ ] X = 1011 [ ] (1) 01Qe =1/4Pe = 1 Qe = 3/4.

(2) C A 0[0,1/4), 1[1/4, 1)

(3) [0, 1), C=0, A=1, C A1 1 0+1*1/4=1/4 1*3/4=3/4 2 0 1/4 3/4*1/4=3/163 1 1/4+3/16*1/4=19/64 3/16*3/4=9/644 1 19/64+9/64*1/4=85/256 9/64*3/4=27/256

01/4119/6485/25610117/16112/256

() C = ( 85/256)d = (0.01010101)b() C+A = (112/256) d = (0.01110000) b

0.011, 01141011011

**: RLE iC, iP iCiP iCiP iCiPaaaaaaabbbbbbcccccccc 7a6b8c

** LZW :TIFFPDF:GIF11

4485129

** 16*8/10*9=1.421

3939393912612612612639-39256126-12625839-39-126260126-3925939-126257126126

**2. PCMPulse Code ModulationDPCMDifferential Pulse Code ModulationADPCMAdaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation

()

M {xk},L:log 2 M H(xL) H(xL|xL-1) H(xL|xL-1, xL-2) H(xL|xL-1, xL-2, , x1) >H xL(k

**DPCM x0 ; ;:

**xk qk = 0 qk 0:(Lossless)(Lossy)

**3. n

**

**K-L:DWHTDFTDCTJPEG

JPEG

**JPEG:(FDCT) (quantization) Z(zigzag scan) (DPCM)(DC) (RLE)(AC) (entropy coding)

**

**FDCT00a b

**

**

** JPEGJPEG2000 MPEG JBIG H.261/ H.263/ H.264

**. 1.

2.TIFF.tifTagged Image File Format) 8

IFHIFD

02IBM-PCMacintosh?)22(TIFF44(IFD)

** IFDTIFFTIFFIFDTag)Image File Directory

02N212 N*12+212NN*12+44IFD,0000

**DEDirectory Entry

02tag22type44length84value offset

** AlphaLZWZIPJPEG ICC

**

** PostScriptEPS2.EPSEncapsulated PostScript.eps EPS JPEG ASC

** PhotoshopPage Setup PhotoshopPage Setup TransferICC

** EPSDesktop Color Separations)PS

** JPEGJoint Photographic Experts Group)3.JPEG.jpg Baseline ProcessExtended ProcessDCTSequential EncodingProgressive Encoding

**8*8DCTDCT

**

** PSD 450KBEPS 640KBTIFF 348KBGIF 64KBJPEG 38KBJPEG 56KB

**8 JPEG2000JPEG, RGBCMYKLabAlpha

** PDF4.PDF(Portable Document Format)PostScript PDFPSPS

** PDFICC JPEGLZWRun Length

**

** PDF/XPDFPDF/X-1CMYK p63PDF/X-2PDF/X-3

**5.SVGScalable Vector Graphics SVGXML/XML DOMW3C

**

** 4 X = 10011 JPEG

******40,**n1n2=101n2n110n1 90%****Rkp/255********************k,k,ajkP(aj)

****, ,,,,,,,.********2;;;;;

L****1270111111112810000000**LZW:Lempel-Ziv-Welch 8,2560 255255-255256

*********KolmogorovWienerkalman2040*NXllnXnXl**K-LKarhunen-LoeveK-L

**JPEGDCT DCTJPEG(Joint Photographic Experts Group) (DCT)25:1

******MMMatorolaIntel**DE>254FE>32768(8000AldusTIFF1ASC1248

**Image Pyramid1987************DCT2(n-1)64,,.,.JPEG2000,.******JPEG2000JPEG********WebWebGIFJPEGSVGSVGJPEGGIFSVGWeb**