confederate states of america was formed one month before lincoln’s inauguration “i have no...
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Confederate States of America was formed one month before Lincoln’s inauguration
“I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.”
Argued that secession was illegal
Says he will defend all federal properties in South
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Confederate soldiers took over Federal post offices, courts, military forts
Fort Sumter in SC and Fort Pickens in FL were still in Union hands
Confederacy demanded the union surrender the forts
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Commander: Major Anderson
Fort was still under construction, half the cannons had not been delivered yet
Vulnerable position 6 weeks worth of
supplies left
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Needs to be resupplied
Fully armed Defensible position
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Does not want to be seen as firing the first shots VA, MD, DL, AK, KY, TN, NC,
MO had not seceded The public would be united
if the south fired first Does not want to give fort
to confederacy: would be admitting they are sovereign Wants to defend all federal
properties Does not want to be seen
giving in to the south General Winfield Scott
recommends abandoning both forts for political reasons To keep the border states in
the Union.
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Lincoln orders supplies be sent to Fort Sumter◦ “Food for hungry men”
Confederate troops open fire Anderson surrenders
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Impact of Fort Sumter◦ TN, VA, NC, AK secede◦ MD, KY, DL, MO do not secede
Would have doubled manufacturing capacity of south At times Lincoln declared martial law in these states
◦ North is united against rebellions: scores of men volunteer War aim is to keep union together, not about slavery
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Larger Population Large Manufacturing base Controls most of the banking and capital of
the country Railroads Loyal U.S. Navy
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Profits from cotton exports Could fight a defensive war First-rate generals Soldiers who were highly motivated to
defend their homeland
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Non-succesive six year terms for the President ◦ Jefferson Davis P◦ Alexander Stephens VP
Denied congress power to levy tariff, spend money on internal improvements
Davis tried to increase executive powers but governors resisted
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Three Part Plan ◦ The Union navy would blockade southern ports
So the south could not import manufactured goods or sell cotton
◦ Union riverboats and armies would move down Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two
◦ Union armies would capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, VI
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Survive
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Wanted to see U.S. split in two ◦ Create a balance of power in North America ◦ Protect their colonies ◦ Potentially take new colonies-Napoleon III takes
Mexico
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Two Confederate diplomats were on the British steamer the Trent ◦ Mission to gain recognition from British
Union warship arrested the diplomats Britain threatened war if they were not
released Lincoln released them They failed to gain British recognition of the
Confederacy
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British sold warships to confederacy ◦ Alabama captured 60
vessels before being sunk Confederacy arranged to
buy Laird rams (ships with iron rams) from the British ◦ U.S. minister to Britain
Charles Francis Adams convinced the British to cancel the sale
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Britain did not intervene in the war ◦ Had large stockpiles of cotton, also got cotton
from Egypt and India ◦ Emancipation Proclamation made the war about
slavery, British public would not support war for slavery
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North borrowed 2.6 billion Instituted first income tax Printed paper currency called Greenbacks
not backed by gold causing inflation Created National Bank Growth in manufacturing industry
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Morill Tariff Act (1861)◦ Raised tariff rates
Homestead Act (1862)◦ 160 acres of land to person or family
Morill Land Grant Act (1862)◦ Sale of federal lands would be used for
agricultural and technical colleges The Pacific Railway Act (1862)
◦ Transcontinental railroad through northern route
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Absence of men opened up jobs for women ◦ Operated farms or worked in factories
Opened up the field of nursing to women Sparked women’s rights movement
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Principle of Habeas Corpus- a person cannot be held without being charged with a crime ◦ Written into the
constitution
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On September 24th 1862 Lincoln suspended habeas corpus◦ Can arrest anyone, for
any reason, indefinitely ◦ Constitution states only
congress can suspend habeas corpus in times of rebellion
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13,000 suspected confederate sympathizers were arrested and held without trial◦ Included newspaper men
and copperheads (Northern Democrats who wanted to make peace with the south)
◦ Most were released after a short period of time
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Some were put before a military tribunal Military Tribunal- trial but without the
protections of the constitution
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Lambdin Milligan was accused of planning to steal Union weapons
Found guilty by military tribunal and sentenced to death
Appealed to Supreme Court ◦ Ruled government cannot use military tribunals if
civilian courts are still operational