Chrysanthemum (Mums)Dendranthema sp Fam. Asteraceae Asteraceae ( ) . ( ) . . Chrysos . Anthemon . 1800 .

.

() Spray flowers Single(disbudded) .

.

:1 - :- Singles - daisy like ( ) ( ) . 2 - :- Anemones . .

3 - :- Pompons .

4- :- Decorative . 5 - :- Large flowers - blooms 10 :-

()- double Curved:- . ()- Reflexed double :- .

()- Tubular ray flowers :- :- (1)- spider :- . (2)- Fuji :- . (3)- Quill :- . (4)- Spoon :- . (5)- Miscellaneous :- .

Commercial use :-

(1) () Single (disbudded) (2) () Spray flowers

(1) () Single (disbudded) . . .

(2) () Spray flowers . spray. . spray .

Photoperiodic Response . . ( ) ( ) ( ) . 6 15 . 6 7 15 .

PROPAGATION . 8- 10 ( ) . 1, - 2, % 18- 21 . . 10 20 . 5,1 2 . Perlite sphagnum moss .

SOIL PREPARATION

. . . 98% 2% . . . .

Mineral fertilization

. . . ( 5,4- 6%) .

150 250 250 . .

200 .

.

(PH) . (PH) 5,5- 5,6 5,2 / ( ).

(PH) 5,6 ( ) (PH).

VEGETATIVE GROWTH ()- : Stock plants

10 13 13 13 . . . .

. ( ) . . ( 8- 10 ) . .

. . . . . 13 21 .

13 ( ) . . ( ) 13 .

. . 10 4 5 . . .

()- Production plants . . . 15 18 18 20 18 22 .

10 15 13 15 . 15 15 5 . . .

5 , 15 5, 14 . 7 10 / ( 77- 110 ) . ( 3 5 / ) ( 7 10 / ) . . . .

6 30 4 5 / ( 55 ) . 7 . 5 .

2 4 . 10 . ( 35- 50 ) . ( ).

FLOWERING OF PRODUCTION PLANTS

( 35- 50 ) ( ) ( ) 12 .

( 7 7 ) 30, 4

30, 4 . ( 30 ) ( ) . . 21- 28 ( 42 ).

. 14 . ( 14 ) ( ) . .

( ) 5, 15 . . Gold coast ( ) 4 vibrant ( 14 ) .

( ) ( 9 14 ) 24 . ( 30 ) ( 13 2 ) . 10 lemon spider .

:-

(1)- Thermzero cultivars 10- 27 5,15 .

(2)- Thermopostive cultivars 5,15 . .

(3)- Thermonegative cultivars 5,15 . ( 10 ) . 5,15 . ( 13- 15 ) .

. :- . sun scald

: . . : 9 10 11 : 6 8 . 5,15 9 10 11 : 21 .

: . : . : . : .

. . 7- 15- . . .

( Time Pinch). . . . . . .

spray . 10 ( ) . spray.

()- :- 5,1 6 1- 3 .

()- :- 2,2 ( B Nine ) SADH ( 2500 ).

()- :-

20 . . 4 .

()- :-

1,0 2,0 % ( 1 2 1 ) . .

()- :- 3 4 .

()- :- ( Zacharioudakis and Larson , 1976 ) HAN 2 3 5- 6 1 4 ( UNI P293 ) .

:- :-

Emgard 2077 & off shoot- o . ( 2% ) .

Postharvest 10 biocide 25 10 1000 . Single Disbudded 10 12 .

6 8 ( 5 )

( 38 ) ( 4- 8 ) ( 2-3 ) . ( 3- 5 ) ( 2- 4 ) . Precooled . 5-10 .

:

()- : Vegetative Stage ( ) .

1- :- Growing Medium

()- Natural Mixes . . . . .

Peat moss Splagnum . Perlite Vermiculite . 2 : 1 . 1 : 1 : 1 . PH 2,6 7,6 . PH 1,0 354 PH 2,0 354 . 354 PH .

()- Artificial Mixes

: . . .

2- :- Potting

. . . . . .

45 . . 20% 28 4,11 . .

3- Spacing

. 15 4040 . : 8 1212 . 10 1818 . 15 3030 . 20 40 40 .

4- Photoperiod 7 .1 - 60 1 6, 9, .2 - 1.25 3, .3 - 3 4 .

20% :-

1 - 10 / .2 - 4 .3 - 6 30 ( 6 24 ) 4 . . .

5- Temperature . 21 21 . 32 . 10 .

6- Light Intensity

. . 20 35% 50% . . 55% .

7- Fertilization

.

.

.

.

28 4, 11 200 200 .

1 15 .

. .

.

. . .

8- Watering

. .

:

1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - .

:

( 1) ( 2) . . 15 .

9- Pinching

. ( ) . . 10 . 6 . . 10 14 .

10- Growth Regulators

. 2 2.5 . . . .

.

.

B Nine . .

25, % 4 5 .

1 2 . 50, % .

B Nine .

A- Rest ( ) . 2 -3 15 .

Phosphon . .

Plysiologicol Disorders . :-

(1)- : Plants too Short . . .

(2)- Plants Too Tall . . . .

(3)- Not enough Shoots 16 . .

(4)- Not enough Shoot . . .

(5)- Malformed Flowers . . . .

(6)- :- Poor Growth PH . .

(7)- Crown Buds . .

(8)- Bract Buds . 27 .

(9)- Sun scald botrytis . botrytis botrytis .

Marketing ()- :- Harvesting . 2 2.5 . 15 20 25 . . .

()- Packing 6 . . .

()- :- Storage

. . 4 . 13 . . 50 / 400 /

()- :- Shipping

. . .

()- Keeping Quality

. . . . . .

()- Care of Product

:-1 - . .2 - .3 - .4 - . .5 - .6 - .

: : : :

5- : .6- : .7- :

: DISEASES .

.

()- Fungus Diseases

: Pythium Root Or Basal Stem Rot Pythium Spp . Rizoctonia Stem Rot Rizoctonia Soloni . Verticillinm wilt Verticillium dahliae V albo atrum . Gray Mold Botrytis cinerea . Rust : Puccinia chrysanthemi . : Powdery Mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum

()- Bacterial Diseases Bacterial Blight Crown Gall .Bacterial Leaf Spot

()- Virus Diseases Stunt Spotted Wilt Aspermy Chlorotic Mottle Chrysanthemum Mosaic

()- :- PESTS

Sucking Insects . Chewing Insects .

Poinsettia (Christmas star)Euphorbia pulcherrima Fam. Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima . (Euphorbiaceae) Euphorbos .

Euphorbia .

( ) .

E . Pulcherrima .

( ) .

.

.

. .

Early Red Ecke. (Oak . Leaf ) . ( Ruth Ecke ) . Eckes .

(1)- Eckespoint C 1 . . 75 80 20 .

(2)- Annette Hegg Dark Red

. . (65 80 ) 6 8 .

(3)- Mikkel Improved Rochford

. 6 8 . ( 66 71 ) .

(4)- Gutbier V- 14 Glory

. . 6 8 ( 70 75 ).

. . . . . . .

()-

12 . . . 15 20 . 28 15 .

. . . . . 100 .

. . . . . .

()-

. . .

()-

. 20 30 . 12 . 30 . 35 . 14 18 .

-

. . :

1 - 2 - 3 - . 4 - . 6 - .

)-

. . .

. . .

()-

. . . . .

.

.

.

( 10 ) . 15 30 6 - 8

()-

. NAA IBA . . 1, - 3, % 200 500 .

.

( GA 3 ) 20 ( GA 4,7 ) 40 ( GA4,7 ) ( BA ) 50 . 50 .

2500 7 10 .

.

:-1 - .2 - .3 - . .

( ) . . . A Rest ( ) .

B Nine ( ) 200 200 15 .

()- :-

. . 8 30 . 30 .

20 30 .

.

. 20 .

50 .

()- :-

. ( ) . ( ) . .

()- :-

. 15 .

1 .

15 20 25 10 20 25 .

. .

9 10 25 . .

20 8 25 3 6 .

. . ( )

()- :-

Rhizoctonia Solani benomyl PCNB Pythium ultimum diazoben .

()- :-

. :- Botrytis cinerea . . benomyl .

Erwinia carotovora .Rhizopus .

( Trialeurodes vaporarium ) ( Tet ranychus urticae ) .

Temik .

Temik Resmethrin .

. .

.

.

()- :-

. .

()- :-

. 10 12 . . .

. . . . .

()- :-

. . . .