chapter 17 section 3. protestant reformation indulgences lutheran theocracy protestant peace...
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Chapter 17 Section 3
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Protestant Reformation
Indulgences Lutheran Theocracy Protestant
Peace of Augsburg Henry VIII Annul Anglican
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Gained power and wealth
Influence, worldliness, and extravagance
Strayed from its spiritual roots
Protestant Reformation- a protest movement against the Catholic church
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Financial corruption Abuse of power Immorality Church taxed
people for renaissance projects
1500’s Pope Leo needed money to build Saint Peter’s Basiclica
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Indulgences-pardons issued by the pope to reduce a person’s time in purgatory
Thousand years people believed you worked off your sins in purgatoryIndulgences – one of the most criticized activities
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Nationalism or devotion to a particular country was growing
People thought of themselves as citizens, separate from the church
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John Wycliffe- believed the church should give up its worldly possessions
Jan Haus-1370 was a priest preached about immorality and worldliness of the Catholic church
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Hus excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII
Arrested for heresy and burned at the stake
First influential theologians to openly criticize the church
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Selling indulgences was sinful
Criticized the power of the pope and wealth of the church
Luther’s theses were for church leaders
Written in Latin and nailed to a church door
His actions began the Reformation(religious movement)
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Not meant to be discussed at universities
Printing press helped them to spread throughout Europe
Read by intellectuals, clergy, and laypeople
Made sense to many people and they wanted reform
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Contradicted basic Catholic beliefs
God’s grace can not be won by good works
Also need faith Jesus was the head
of the Christian church not the pope
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Christians should interpret the Bible
Christian practices should come from the bible
Translated the Bible into German
More people could read it without the aid of the clergy
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1520 Pople Leo X excommunicated him
1521 summoned to appear in front of the Holy Roman Emperoro Charles IVo German Diet o City of Wormso Luther refused to
change his opinions
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Edict of Worms-Luther to be an outlaw and condemned his writings
Edict did not prevent Luther from spreading his ideas
1530 Lutheranism was a recognized branch of Christianity
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1529 Charles V moved to suppress Lutherans
Princes in Germany assembly issued a protestatio or protest
Term protestant came into being
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Luther stood against the Catholic Church
Opened the door to other religions
Lutheranism arose in Germany
Religious movements began in Switzerland. and Europe
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22 year old priest Established a church
in Switzerland based on theocracy
Theocracy-government in which church and state are joined
Martin Luther opposed this
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Luther accused him of tampering with the word of God
Swiss Protestants could not win Luther’s support
Catholics and Swiss Protestants fought
Zwingli died in battle
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Next most important Protestant reformer
1509 born in France Supported Luther’s
reforms Predestination-God
knows who will be saved even before they are born
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God guides their lives
Nothing they can do good or bad to change that
Calvinism took root in Switzerland
Viewed people as sinful by nature
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Strict laws put in place to regulate behavioro Geneva- church
attendance was mandatory
o Number and courses of meals
o Color of clothingo Feasting, dancing,
singing , wearing jewelry were forbidden
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Strictness- heart of Calvinists appeal
Sense of mission and discipline
Making world fit for the elect
Elect were the chosen ones
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John Knox-spokesman for reformation in Scotland
Replaced the Roman Catholic Church
Presbyterian denomination
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Anabaptists- rebaptizing adults
Was a crime punishable by death at the time
Latter evolved into several religious factions(Amish, Mennonites)
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King Henry VIII- 1509 became king at 17
Devout Catholic Wrote protests
against Luther’s ideas
1529 Henry’s wife had a girl, wanted a male heir
Thought girl would weaken England
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Henry wanted the marriage annulled
Annulment- means to declare the marriage invalid based on church laws
Pope offered several solutions did not grant annulment
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Charles the IV Holy Roman Emperor could not agree on it (Catherine’s cousin)
Henry fell in love with Bobelyn
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Summoned by Henry Declaration that
England was no longer under authority of the pope
Changed rituals of the Church
Closed Catholic monasteries
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Distributed much of the land to his nobles
Helped build more support for the split
1533 Henry and Bobelyn married
Parliament declared the marriage to Catherine annulled
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Anne gave birth to a girl
Parliament passed the Act of Supremacyo Take oath to declare
Henry the “Supreme head of the Church of England”
Split with Rome complete
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Henry VIII had six wiveso Edward VI the male
heiro King at 9o Died before 16o Sister becomes
queen Mary returned to
authority of the pope
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Hundreds of people burned at the stake
Called Bloody Mary Little sorrow for
Mary’s death Elizabeth I was
protestant Draft Supremacy
Act of 1559
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Split England from Rome
Felt threatened by Catholics who wanted a new queen
Persecuted anyone who worship as a Catholic
Elizabeth firmly establishes the Church of England or the Anglican
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Elizabeth brought religious peace
Protestant Priests could marry
1500’s began thinking of building an American Empire
Colonies strengthened but did not enrich the Queen