雅思写作单项攻略俞伟国 blog: http://blog.hjenglish.com/yuweiguo

雅思写作单项攻略

俞伟国

Blog: Http://blog.hjenglish.com/yuweiguo

Part One Introduction

－闪亮开篇－

The Structure of Introduction

1. Background Information

(1). Lead-in Sentence

(Introduce the subject of the topic)

(2). Public Opinion

2. Statement

(State your position)

(1) In the last century, the first man walking on the moon said that it was a big step for mankind. However, some people think it made little difference to people’s lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2006.4.8)

Language Skill: Paraphrase方法之一－具体化 (Specification)( 笼统概念－缩小范围 )

In the 1960s’,

when

American astronaut Armstronglanded on the moon for the first time,

Background Information

he excitedly/proudlyannounced that

it was a great step for mankind.

Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually

had little impact on most people’s

daily lives.

Statement

From my point of view,

(I think this opinion is not right and I don’t agree to it.)

I don’t think

the opinion holds much water.

(2). Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to human health. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.2.5)

Language Skill:

Paraphrase 方法之二－单词转换

优先考虑三大词类：

V adj adv

Paraphrase 方法之三－句型转换

方法一 : 主动－被动

Nowadays people can manufacturefood far more economically

thanks to more advanced

fertilizers and machinery.

Nevertheless, some people hold the methods used maydo harm to people’s health as well as

local communities.


方法 2: and 并列句－ as well as 递进句

Statement

In my opinion, their concern

has its reasons to a certain extent.

(3). Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects ；Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2006.3.18)

Language Skill:句型转换 ( 方法 3):

实义动词 (… 怎么样 )

Some people hold the opinion thatit is the sole task for a teacher to introduce academic knowledge to the students.


↓

Be 动词 (… 是什么 )

While some argue that

a truly outstanding teacher should be

the mentor of both knowledge and life

to their disciples.

Statement(In my opinion, I support the second viewpoint.)

Personally, I am in favor of the latter opinion.

(4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? (2006.2.18)

According to some critics,(supporter / advocate)

air travel should be banned due to

the fact that it contributes to

(cause)

(lead to)

(result in)

environmental problems

as well as consumes too much fuel.


Statement

As far as I am concerned,

I don’t think the viewpoint holds any water.

(5) Some people believe that scientific research should be conducted by the government rather by private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.12.10)

Rather by － Instead ofLanguage Skill:

句型转换 - 方法4:

一般陈述句肯定句－强调句

Some people propose that

it is the government instead of private companies that should take charge of scientific research,


Statementwhich I fully agree with.

It + be + 强调对象 + that + 说明部分

(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people. Do you think its benefits outweigh its drawbacks? (2011.10.8)Language Skill:

信息量偏少的 Topic Introduction写作对策追根溯源法－ Factor(s) [ 因 ] －Phenomenon (Subject) [ 果 ]

Improved living standardIncreasing life expectancyMore and more old people

With the improvement of the living standard,human life expectancy is increasing, which has resulted in the phenomenon that the number and the proportion of senior citizens are booming.


Statement

As far as I am concerned, I opine that

compared with the benefits,

the potential problems still

prevail in general.

Part Two －Body

－中流砥柱－

P =Position

S =Supporting Ideas

D =Development

分论点注意事项：Today, we can see more and more cases of transnational marriage. Do you think the benefits outweigh the drawbacks?

Statement ： The problems that transnational marriage may bring about greatly outweigh its benefits.

Supporting Idea ： Marriage should be based on true love. (X)

分论点与总论点的逻辑关系：因果关系分论点应该体现为Positive/Negative Effect

Language Skill: 因果关系高分句型主语， + 非限制性定语从句( 描述主语特性 / 因 ) ， + 谓语 (+宾语 )( 由主语特性所导致的 effect/果 )

Currently, anyone can post information on the internet. Therefore, most information on the internet might be inaccurate. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2011.10.22)Most information on the internet, which anyone can post, might be inaccurate.

Compared with traditional marriage,

transnational marriage,

which is often solely out of financial purposes,

is more fragile and likely to

end up with divorce.

分论点构思四大黄金原则

1. 经济原则Should college students be allowed to get married?

事物特性描述高分句型

[Sb/Sth + be + adv (aspect) + adj (feature)]

His body is very strong(?)

He is strong.physically

College students, who are generally not financially capable,

His mind is mature(?)He is mentally mature.

are unlikely to be fully able to shoulder the economic burden if they tie the knot too early.

More and more measures have been taken to improve security and reduce crime in urban areas. Do you think its benefits outweigh its drawbacks? (2006.2.25)

More security measures|

Crime Rate ↓|

A safer and more stable social environment

|Attract more investments

|

Economic Development

(1). Adopting more security measures creates a safer and more stable social environment by reducing crime,

which is a major

precondition

of attracting more investments

from home and abroad.

(2). Adopting more security measures

will impose a heavy financial burden on the government and is likely to force the government to levy higher taxes

from common citizens.

Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it causes pollution and uses up fuel resources. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? (2006.2.18)

(1). The ban on air travel is likely to

result in huge amount of

economic losses in certain traveling countries,

leading to the collapse of the economy.

(2). It is highly possible that quite a number of employees in such fields as air service or international travel will

become unemployed,

leading to the soar of the

unemployment rate,

which hinders the economic development

as a result of the prohibition of air travel.

2. 能力原则 Should college students be allowed to get married?

Marriage makes the college students more mature and develops their sense of responsibility and communicative skills.

Should college students be encouraged to take up a part time job?It helps to cultivate/ foster/ develop/enhance college students’independencepractical hands-on ability

interpersonal skillsocial adaption

The advancement of science and technology has great positive impact on people, but value of artists, such as musicians, painters and writers, is also important. So what can arts tell us that science can not? (2011.7.16)

Arts could enhance people’s

appreciation of aesthetics

taste

creativity

imagination,

which is not likely to be cultivated from science and technology.

Nowadays, people perform their everyday tasks, such as banking, shopping as well as business transactions, without the need of meeting other people face to face. What are the possible effects of the phenomenon on the individual and the society as a whole? (2005.2.26)

Conducting daily tasks without meeting others

makes people isolated from the society

and deteriorates their interpersonal skill,

which is a key factor for success.

3. 因小失大原则

Should college students be encouraged to take up a part time job?

Part-time jobs take up too much valuable time for study, which should be the students’ priority.

A--------B harm

(importance)

Some people think the government should pay for healthcare and education, others think that the government does not have to take the responsibility. Discuss both viewpoints and give your opinion. (2005.7.9)

It would be hard for a government to afford the fund foreconomic developmentif it has to take the burden of healthcare and education.The more a government spends its limited budget on healthcare and education, the less money is available for it, which should be a government’s top task.

4. 环境原则Some people believe that fresh graduates should be sent to rural areas to work for a period of time. While some others argue that staying in the city is a better choice for their growth. Discuss both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2005.10.15)

(1). Rural areas, which are more

peaceful compared with cities, are beneficial for the fresh graduates to

fully concentrate on the improvement

of their professional skills without

distractions.

(2). Living in cities, the fresh graduates

(can touch the newest information from all over the world)(can get in touch with the latest information from all over the world)

are entitled to the access to the latest information from all over the world,

which is hardly available in rural areas.

In recent years, working at home for one’s employers has become a growing trend in many countries and is expected to be common for most office workers in the coming decades. Write an essay and state your opinion about the social phenomenon. (2005.7.16)

Home,

which does not involve office politics,is a better place for people to concentrate on the work.

The office, which is a more disciplined place compared with one’s home,can prevent the employees from skiving and guarantee the working efficiency.

分论点的拓展 (Development)

Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects. Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2006.3.18)

Statement ： Teachers should take the responsibility of guiding students how to distinguish right from wrong as well as teaching academic subjects.

Supporting Idea

Initially,

having a correct

philosophy of life carries more weight than

possessing

knowledge only for the students.

分论点拓展判断标准

Personal Opinion － Development

Self-evident Common Sense

Theoretical Evidence：

Without a correct outlook of life, any student, no matter how knowledgeable he might be, is still likely to be led astray and do something detrimental to the society.

Case Evidence：

For example, if a young person who excels in computer technologies has never been taught what are the right things to do, it is very likely that he/she will be misled and eventually become an illegal hacker with his/her expertise.

Body 部分结构：1. 单边结构 (5 段式 )

Introduction + Supporting Ideas (X3) + Conclusion

Some people think they should keep all the money they earn, and should not have to pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree? (2006.1.7)

2. 双边结构 (4 段式 )

(1). 3 对 1 结构

( 适用题型：单一主体 TOPIC)

Some people believe that to maintain the cultural identity of a city, the government should build all the new buildings in a traditional way. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2006.12.9)

Pros Cons

Cultural identity Not economical

Safety Risk

Dull impression

(S)

(S)

(C)

(T)

让步段 : 分析弱势分论点 X 1

第一句： Topic Sentence

第二句 : 弱势分论点 (Common Sense)( 第三句 : Theoretical Evidence/Case Evidence)

(It cannot be denied that those who made the proposal do have a point to a certain extent.)

重点段：分析强势分论点 X 3第一句 : Topic Sentence

第二句 + 第三句 : 强势分论点 1 + Development (Theoretical Evidence Preferred)第四句 + 第五句 : 强势分论点 2 + Development (Case Evidence Preferred)第六句 : 强势分论点 3 (Common Sense)

(Despite the benefit, the problems should not be neglected.)

(2).2 对 2 结构

（适用题型：单一主体 TOPIC ）

Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time jobs?

Income

Ability

Study

Be led astray

第二段 : Supportive Argument

第一句： Supportive Idea 1

第二句 : Development (Theoretical Evidence Preferred )

第三句 : Supportive Idea 2

第四句 : Development (Case Evidence Preferred)

第三段： Opposite Argument

第一句： Opposite Idea 1 第二句： Refutation

第三句： Opposite Idea 2

第四句 : Refutation

Most high level jobs in the government are done by men. Some people believe that the government should encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Pros Cons

Better suited for certain positions

A Sign of equality

Neglect family

Dependence(T)

(S)

(Workload)

(Reasonable Percentage)

Some people might argue that the packed-schedule of a governmental top position may make women become so busy with their job that their family lives are always neglected.

Nevertheless, I do not think it will be a big problem as long as the women’s workload is reasonably arranged in accordance with their actual physical condition.

Another concern is that the practice may also make women to be excessively dependent on such preferential policies.

With a second thought, however, we can find that the problem can also be well-handled if the percentage of the positions reserved for women is limited to a reasonable range.

Part Three －Conclusion

－虎头龙尾－

常规模式1. Some people think they should keep all the money they earn, and should not have to pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree? (2006.1.7)

主体定性 (Summarize the nature of the subject )

From the above discussion, we could find that the practice of reserving all the money one earns and refusing to pay taxes to the country

Language Skill:

否定词 +but= 只…… 代替 : only/just

例句：征收更高的赋税只会给老百姓带来更加沉重的经济负担。Levying higher taxes from common citizens would impose nothing but heavier financial burdens on them.

benefits nobody but the tax evaders

at the cost of public interests.

重申立场 (Restate your opinion)For this reason, on no account should the practice be tolerated

一般陈述句否定句︳

On no account 引导的倒装句

and it is every citizen’s duty to pay taxes.

2. More and more measures have been taken to improve security and reduce crime in urban areas. Do you think its benefits outweigh its drawbacks? (2006.2.25)

主体定性

From the above analyses, it could be noted that

the practice of enhancing safety in cities through adopting more security measures

has both benefits and drawbacks.

Nevertheless, compared with its disadvantages, the advantagesstill prevail in general.重申立场 So, as a metropolitan resident, I tend to

embrace the practice.

Some people believe that to maintain the cultural identity of a city, the government should build all the new buildings in a traditional way. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2006.12.9)

To conclude, the suggestion to build all new buildings in a traditional way is beneficial to enhance a city’s cultural identity.

This only benefit, nevertheless, is immediately dwarfed by the problems it is likely to bring about.

Conclusion

So I reaffirm my conviction that the move is nothing but an unrealistic idea, which should never be implemented.

2 选 1 方案双重观点讨论类 TOPIC 写作结构

Discussion of Viewpoint A


第二句 : Justification of Viewpoint A

第三句 : Development

Discussion of Viewpoint B


第二句 : Justification of Viewpoint B

第三句 : Development

Comparison of Viewpoint A and Viewpoint B

Some people believe that developing countries should concentrate on improving industrial skills. Some people argue that developing countries should promote education first. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion.

Justification of Viewpoint A

Immediate economic returnJustification of Viewpoint BProvide the country with talents in different fieldsComparison

Long-term development

Money---(invest)---Education

Some people think one going to other countries should imitate local customs and behaviors. Some people think the host country should welcome cultural differences and there is no need to try to adapt oneself to the new culture at all. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2005.3.5)

改良模式（适用题型：双重观点讨论类 TOPIC ）分析甲方观点的合理性和漏洞第一句： Topic Sentence

第二句：甲方观点合理性 ( 或然性条件 )

第三句 + 第四句：甲方观点漏洞 ( 必然性条件 )

分析乙方观点的合理性和漏洞第一句： Topic Sentence

第二句：乙方观点合理性 ( 或然性条件 )

第三句 + 第四句 : 乙方观点漏洞 ( 必然性条件 )

From the above general comparison of the two viewpoints, we could find that both of them have obvious problems. In my opinion,

it is advisable to take the essence of other cultures and discard the dregs.

Some people think that it is the responsibility of government to ensure that people have healthy lifestyle by taking compulsory measures. Others think people should be given the full freedom to make their lifestyle decisions. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2008.3.29)

Justification of Viewpoint A

Force some to revert to normal lifestyle

The Problem of Viewpoint A

Impossible to solve the problem thoroughly

Justification of Viewpoint B

A sign of freedom

The Problem of Viewpoint B

Less self-disciplined ones fully obsessed

From the above analysis, it could be noted that either viewpoint has obvious problems.

In my opinion, the government needs to play a role in guiding people to live in a healthy way but it is never possible for the government to literally “ensure” that by taking compulsory measures.

议论文特殊题型Report

Today, there are more and more cases of juvenile delinquency in some countries. What are the reasons? What can be done to relieve the problem?

Juvenile delinquency?

Juvenal (adj) 羽翼未丰的Juvenescence (n) 返老还童Juvenilia (n) 青少年读物

The Features of Report Writing

Subject: Phenomenon (Negative)

Task:

(1). Analyze the reasons of the phenomenon (Compulsory)

(2) -A- Present the solution(s)

-B- Analyze the potential effects of the problem

Introduction

1. Lead-in sentence (Paraphrase the first sentence in the

topic)2. Essay Statement

Money for postgraduate research is limited. Some people, therefore, think that the government should only provide financial support to scientific research. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?(2009.7.4)

The scientific research should be the only subject the government provides its financial support to.

At present, crimes committed by teenagers

are booming.

This phenomenon, as far as I am concerned, can be attributed to a number of reasons and in this essay, I would like to present the solutions to the problem as well as analyze the causes.

Body

3R+1S 2R+2SReason 部分具体结构第一句 : Topic Sentence 第二句： Reason1第三句 : Development (Theoretical Evidence/Case Evidence) 第四句 : Reason2第五句： Development (Theoretical Evidence/Case Evidence)

The cause of the phenomenon, in my opinion, is a combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors,*

with intrinsic factors beingthe apple of discord.

(and among them I think intrinsic factors are the most important reasons which lead to the phenomenon.*)

[Topic Sentence]

Report Writing Skill

内外因追根溯源思路Today, in many countries, old people are not respected by their families. What are the reasons? What problems it might cause?

Intrinsic Factor

Financially incapable

Regarded as a liability

Extrinsic Factor

Social value

(Admire the strong; Despise the weak)

Language Skill

With 引导的独立主格General － Specific

主句 (General) + with + n (Specific Subject) + Ving (Feature)

Developing countries require different kinds of help offered by international organizations to ensure healthy and sustainable development. Some people think that financial aid is the most important. Others believe that practical aid and advice is more important. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (2009.6.27)

According to some experts, various kinds of help are needed to ensure healthy and sustainable development in developing countries,

with financial aid

playing the most significant role.

Teenagers,referring to the people aged between 13 and 19,are easily to be led astray.

[Reason]

Indeed, teenagers,

who are mentally immature in general,

often find it hard to distinguish right from wrong and tend to be influenced by certain TV programs or movies containing misleading contents.

(whose minds are not mature)

(often cannot judge what is right and what is wrong)

[Development]

In addition,

it is also just because of the lack of proper guidance from the schools that some young offenders are led astray.

(young people are led astray also because of the lack of guidance from the schools.)

[Reason]

To be more specific, the majority of schools teach nothing but academic knowledge to the students and the education concerning morals is often ignored.

(For example, most schools just teach students academic knowledge and they often ignore the education about morals.)

[Development]

Solution 部分具体结构

第一句 : Topic Sentence第二句 : Solution1 第三句 : Development (Theoretical Evidence/Case Evidence)

第四句 : Solution2第五句 : Development(Theoretical Evidence/Case Evidence)

To tackle the problem, the government as well as schools should join hands.

To begin with, the government should legislate stricter laws preventing teenagers from going astray.

For example, people under 18 should be strictly banned to enter pubs or to purchase alcohol,

[Topic Sentence]

[Solution]

[Development]

which potentially reduces the possibility of the occurrence of teenagers’ misconduct.

Moreover, the schools should also make efforts to guide the teenagers into the right way.

[Solution]

Indeed, should the schools introduce the correct outlook of life as well as academic knowledge to the students,

chances are that the teenagers lost in a wrong way would get back to the right track and the rate of juvenile delinquency is expected to be greatly reduced.

[Development]

Pressure on the school students is increasing and students are pushed to study hard when they are young. Do you regard the phenomenon as positive or negative?

Introduction1. Lead-in Sentence

2. Statement

Studying hard in an early age

Heavy academic pressure

Fierce competition

(Nowadays, people are facing very fierce competition and they have a very big pressure.)

Facing the ever-fierce competition nowadays,

most people are under heavier pressure.

[Lead-in Sentence]

(Students are also under heavy pressure).And students are of no exception.

(They are forced to study hard when they are young.)*

Intense academic pressure is just like the sword of Damocles hanging above them,

which propels them to toil in an early age.

The sword of Damocles

(In my opinion, the phenomenon is bad.)

In my opinion, the phenomenon is by no means flawless.

[Statement]

Body

Pros:

Academic performance improved

Away from distractions

Less self-disciplined

(T)

让步段

1. Topic Sentence

2. 弱势分论点

3. Theoretical Evidence

Some people claim that students’ being forced to study hard actually has its bright side.

According to them, the students’ academic performance is expected to improve

should their parents ‘push’ them to concentrate on study.

Indeed, compelling the students, who are generally less self-disciplined compared with adults, to study hard keeps them away from distractions like TV plays and their academic performance may improve as a result of the concentration.

Cons:

Psychological Problem

Mentally fragile

Pressure

(C)

Brainstorming Skill

青少年教育类话题必杀原则能力原则

Today, more and more students are choosing to move to other cities to have higher education. Do you think the benefits outweigh the drawbacks? (2009.3.14)

Independence

Interpersonal skill

Some people think international news should be included into the subjects in secondary schools, but some people think it is just waste of time. What is your opinion? (2006.11.18)

Analyzing ability

Phenomenon － Nature

Some people believe that students should be encouraged to evaluate their teachers in secondary schools. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

A sense of urgence motivation

Teaching performanceimproved

Practical hands-on ability deteriorates

Time fully occupied by study-----No chance to practice

(T)

Interpersonal Contact (S)

强势段1. Topic Sentence

2. 强势分论点 1

3. Development


5. Development


Despite the benefit, on no account should the potential problems be neglected.

(Although the practice may improve the students’ academic performance, we should never neglect the problems.)

(First, the practice will give the students a lot of pressure. Some students are mentally fragile. So it will cause psychological problems to the students. * )

To begin with, the practice, which makes students under huge pressure, is likely to result in psychological problems on students who are mentally fragile.

Language Skill

因果关系高分句型主语 + 非限制性定语从句 [Feature] + 谓语 (+ 宾语 ) [Effect]

Millions of dollars are spent on space research every year. Some people believe that it simply wastes time and money. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

(Because space research needs long-term commitments and funding, it will impose a heavy financial burden on the government.)

Space research,

which needs long-term commitments and funding,

is likely to impose a heavy financial burden on the government.

(For example, today, a lot of students commit suicide because of academic pressure.)

A case in point is that quite a number of cases of suicide committed by students are reported to be linked to heavy academic pressure imposed on them.

Moreover, the practice is also likely to deteriorate the students’ practical hands-on abilities.

Indeed, it is impossible for students’ practical hands-on ability to improve if they have no chance to participate in things like housework when their schedule is fully occupied by study.

Finally, spending excessive time on study, students also tend to neglect the communication with other people, which potentially exerts negative effects to their interpersonal contact.

Conclusion

1+2. Summarize the nature of the subject

3. Restate the position

To conclude, compelling students to toil in an early age does have its positive side,namely, improving the students’ academic performance.Nevertheless, the only merit is evidently dwarfed compared with the potential problems. For this reason, I reaffirm my conviction that it is not advisable to put students under pressure too early.

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雅思写作单项攻略俞伟国 blog: http://blog.hjenglish.com/yuweiguo