কুরআন সব সমাধান আছে. bengali বাঙালি

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KziAv‡bi Av`k© ev —evq‡bB Av‡Q me mgm¨vi mgvavb ----‡jLK: nviyb Bqvwnqv Abyev`: Rvexb nvwg` B-‡gj : [email protected]

‡jLK cwiwPwZ:

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Bqvn~ x , L„÷vb I gymjgvb‡ì kª‡×q `yB bex nhiZ nvi“b ( Av: ) I nhiZ Bqvwnqv ( Av:) -- hviv ag©nxbZvi wei“‡× msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb , Zuv‡ì cyY¨ ¯§„wZi m¤§v‡b Zzi‡¯‹i †jLK Av`bvb IKZvi wb‡Ri QÙbvg Ò nvi“b Bqvwnqv Ó †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb| Zuvi eB‡qi cÖ”Q‡` nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`:) Gi eëüZ wmj‡gvni cÖZxKx A_© enb K‡i| cweÎ KziAvb †h †kl Avmgvbx wKZve I nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`:) †h me bex I ivm~j‡ì wmj ev †kl ivm~j , Zv GB wmj‡gvn‡ii gva¨‡g †evSv‡bv n‡”Q| ‡jLK ag©nxbZvi wei“‡× †hb wRnv‡` wjß| KziAvb I nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`:) Gi Rxeb Av`‡k©i K_v wZwb Zuvi eB¸wj‡Z Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk cvw_©e ¯^v‡_© †fvMev`x gvby‡li ag©nxbZv , weeZ©bev`x‡ì wg_¨v cÖPvi I ag© wel‡q AÁZvi Aïf cwiYvg wb‡q gymjgvb‡ì mZK© K‡i‡Qb| weeZ©bev` m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYv : wewfbœ RvwZMZ we‡Øl I fyj †evSv‡evwSi g~‡j i‡q‡Q wg_¨v GK Z_vKw_Z êÁvwbK ZË¡| GB my¯úó ee©iZv we‡klfv‡e D‡j−‡Li `vex iv‡L| †Kbbv , eZ©gvb hy‡Mi wewfbœ fyj gZev` GB wg_¨vi cÖwZwôZ | Gm‡ei wg_¨v êÁvwbK wfwË n‡jv WviDB‡bi Z_vKw_Z weeZ©b gZev`| A‡b‡KB fv‡eb GwU †Kej RxeweÁv‡bi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| wKš‘ Avm‡j weeZ©bev` Gi †P‡qI A‡bK †ekx wKQz| GwU ïaygvÎ RxeweÁv‡bi gZev` bq , GwU A‡bK `k©bZ‡Ë¡i wfZ hv c„w_exi †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q I Ki‡Q| nvi“b Bqvwnqvi eB GB wg_¨v ZË¡¸wji AmviZv cvVK‡ì mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i I gnvb mªóvi me©‡kl wKZve KziAvb kix‡di Av`k© Rxe‡b ev —evqb Ki‡Z ZvwM` †`q| gymjgvb I Agymjgvb meviB GB eB‡qi †_‡K A‡bK wKQz †kLvi Av‡Q| Abyev‡ì e¨cv‡i †Kvb civgk© _vK‡j B-‡g‡j Rvbv‡Z Aby‡iva KiwQ| hvRvK Avj −vû Lvqivb ( Avj −vn Avcbv‡K DËg cÖwZdj `vb Ki“b )| Rvexb nvwg` B-‡gj : [email protected]

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m~Px: f~wgKv bvw¯ZK‡`i Rxeb eoB D‡Ïk¨nxb Avj −vnÕi fq gvby‡li g‡a¨ bv _vK‡j Kx n‡e ? KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© Rxeb Mo‡j b¨vqwePvi cÖwZwôZ nq: ivRbxwZi wPÎ A_©bxwZ‡Z ag©nxbZvi cÖfve: ag©xq g~j¨‡eva Av‡`k K‡i Afvex I BqvZxg‡K i¶v Ki‡Z:- ag©nxb mgv‡R ˆbwZKZvi Ae¶q: ag©nxbZvi Kvi‡Y nZ¨v: hy× †Kb nq ? ag©xq Db¥ËZv I RvwZMZ we‡Øl: ag©nxb mgv‡R wbôziZv I wek„•Ljv: Dcmsnvi: %%%%

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f~wgKv: cig Ki“Yvgq I Amxg `qvjy Avj −vn &i bv‡g ïi“ KiwQ Ò Avi †Zvgv‡ì wK nj †h, †Zvgiv hy× KiQ bv Avj −vnÕi c‡_ Ges †mme Amnvq-~e©j bi-bvix I wkï‡ì Rb¨ hviv e‡j : †n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK ! G Rbc` †_‡K

Avgv‡ì †ei K‡i wbb , GLvbKvi Awaevmxiv fqvbK AZ¨vPvix ? Avi Avcbvi Zid †_‡K KvD‡K Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mvnvh¨Kvix K‡i w`b Ó ( cweÎ KyiAvb; myiv wbmv ; 4: 75 )| GB c„w_ex‡Z †ekxifvM gvbylB wbh©vwZZ| Giv AZ¨vPvwiZ , wbg©g nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wkKvi Ges mxgvnxb Afv‡ei g‡a¨ M„nnxb Ae ’vq wbivcËvnxbZvi g‡a¨ Rxeb KvUv‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q| Amy‡L Zuviv wPwKrmv cvq bv | A‡b‡K GZ Mixe †h GK UzK‡iv i“wU †KbviI cqmv †bB Zuv‡ì|

A‡bK e„× Av‡Qb hviv Abv`‡i, cwiZ¨³ Ae¯’vq w`b KvUv‡”Qb Ges wPwKrmvi †Kvb my‡hvMB †bB Zuv‡ì| A‡b‡K Av‡Q êl‡gï wkKvi| wb‡R‡ì Ni-evwo I †`‡ki gvwU †_‡K Zuviv ewn®K…Z ïaygvÎ RvwZMZ , fvlvMZ cv_©K¨ ev eY©-‰el‡gï Kvi‡Y| KL‡bv Zuv‡ì Dci MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡bv nq | mnvq-m¤^jnxb Acywói wkKvi , Amnvq wkïiv UvKv †ivRMv‡ii Rb¨ kªg w`‡Z ev wf¶v Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|

AmsL¨ gvbyl †eu‡P _vKvi AwbðqZv wb‡q fq-fxwZi g‡a¨ Rxeb KvUvq| GB c„w_ex‡Z i‡q‡Q Acwimxg †fvM , my‡hvM-myweav Ges m¤ú‡ì cÖvPzh©| hviv GB ai‡bi myLx Rxeb hvc‡bi †mŠfv‡M¨ †mŠfvMëvb , Zviv M„nnxb‡ì cvk KvwU‡q P‡j hvq| Mixe‡ì Qwe Ges GBme nZfvM¨‡ì ~ ©kv Zviv wUwf‡Z †`‡L| gv‡S gv‡S

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Zviv wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ G‡ì cÖwZ Ki“Yv Ab~fe K‡i wKš‘ GiciB Zviv wUwfi P¨v‡bj e`‡j †d‡j Ges we‡e‡Ki Zvov †_‡K Lye ZvovZvwoB m¤ú~Y© gy³ n‡q hvq|

GB mgv‡R hviv bvbv myweav , Avivg -Av‡qk †fvM Ki‡Q Ges bvbvfv‡e ‡mŠfvMëvb , Zviv KL‡bv wPš—v K‡i bv wKfv‡e Amnvq , Kg-‡mŠfvMëvb gvbyl‡ì ~ ©kv †_‡K gyw³ †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i ? Zuviv wek¦vm K‡i GUv Zuv‡ì `vwqZ¡ bq ---

hwÌ Zviv A‡bK abx , A‡bK ¶gZvevb Ges h‡_ó myweaRbK Ae ’v‡b i‡q‡Q GBme nZfvM¨‡ì mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨|

Aek¨ ¯v”Q›`¨ I ¶gZvB Gme nZfvM¨‡ì i¶vi Rb¨ Ges GB c„w_ex‡K my›ì , evm‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq ---hv‡Z i‡q‡Q kvwš— , b¨vq-wePvi , AvZœwek¦vm Ges Kj¨vY |

GB c„w_ex‡Z hwÌ A‡bK DbœZ †`k i‡q‡Q , ZeyI A‡bK `wi`ª †`kI i‡q‡Q †hgb Bw_Iwcqv †hLv‡b ¶zavq †ivRB gvbyl gviv hvq| G‡Z GUvB g‡b nq †h , wKQy RvwZi m¤ú` I ¶gZv c„w_exi me gvbyl‡ì ¶iv, Afve Ges M„nhy× †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z h‡_ó bq| we‡eKm¤úbœ ag©fxi“i c‡¶B m¤¢e m¤ú‡ì cÖevn Afvex I nZfvM¨‡ì w`‡K cÖevwnZ Kiv| we‡eKm¤úbœ nIqvi GKUvB Dcvq ---a‡g© wek¦vm | GKgvÎ ag©wek¦vmxivB we‡eKm¤úbœfv‡e Rxeb KvUvq|

P~ovš—fv‡e me AwePvi , AZ¨vPvi , mš¿vm , MYnZ¨v , ¶zav , Afve Ges wbh©vZ‡bi mgvavb GKUvB ---cweÎ KyiAv‡bi g~j¨‡ev‡ai ev —evqb|

cÖ_gZ: GB ai‡bi cÖwZK~j Ae ’v m„wó nq N„Yv , we‡Øl , ^v_©ciZv , wbwe©Kvi g‡bvfve I wbôziZv †_‡K| ZvB Gme ~i Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb fvjevmv , mnvbyf~wZ , ¶gv , f ªZv , ^v_©nxbZv , ms‡e`bkxjZv , mnbkxjZv , wePvi-we‡ePbv Ges Ávb | Gme mnvbyf~wZm¤úbœ êwkó¨¸wj †KejgvÎ Zuv‡ì g‡a¨B cvIqv hvq , hviv Rxeb KvUvb cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K ---hvi wb‡ ©k mivmwi G‡m‡Q Avgv‡ì mªóvi KvQ †_‡K --Ò .........†Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q G‡m‡Q Avj −vnÕi Zid †_‡K GK †R¨vwZ I GKwU

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¯úó wKZve| hviv Avj−vnÕi mš‘wó Kvgbv K‡i , G wKZve w`‡q wZwb Zuv‡ì kvwš—i c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡ib Ges Zuv‡ì wZwb wbR B”Qvq †ei K‡i Av‡bb AÜKvi †_‡K Av‡jvi w`‡K , Avi wZwb Zuv‡ì cwiPvwjZ K‡ib mij-mwVK c‡_ Ó ( myiv gvwq`v ; 5: 15-16) |

Ab¨ Av‡iKwU Avqv‡Z Avj −vn Avgv‡ì Rvbvb †h , gvby‡li BPQv /AwbPQv Abyhvqx mZ¨‡K wba©vwiZ Ki‡Z w`‡j Aek¨B †`vl-Î“wU , m‡›`‡ni m„wó n‡e --Ò Avi mZ¨ hw` Zv‡ì Kvgbv- evmbvi Abymvix nZ, Z‡e Aek¨B wek„•Lj n‡q coZ Avmgvb , Rwgb I G‡ì gaëZ©x me wKQyB| Avwg Zv‡ì‡K `vb K‡iwQ Dc‡`k , wKš‘ Zviv Dc‡`k †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †bq Ó (myiv gywgbyb ; 23: 71 ) |

Avcwb hLb GB †jLvwU co‡Qb , ZLb c„w_ex‡Z †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl kx‡Z I ¶zavq Kó cv‡”Q A_ev Rb¥f~wg †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡”Q | G Kvi‡Y , we‡eKm¤úbœ gvbyl‡ì G me wel‡q wPš—v Kiv ìKvi Ges mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ KvR Kiv DwPr | Zuv‡ì GgbwUB g‡b Kiv DwPr †hb GB Kó¸wj Zuviv wb‡RivB A_ev Zuv‡ì GKvš— wcÖqR‡biv cv‡”Q| Gme Kó I AZ¨vPvi `~i Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì‡K Ava¨vwZœK I RvMwZK Dcvq ---GB `yBfv‡eB KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj −vn we‡eKevb I wek¦vmx gvbyl‡ì Dci GB `vwqZ¡ w`‡q e‡j‡Qb , Ò Avi †Zvgv‡ì wK nj †h, †Zvgiv hy× KiQ bv Avj −vnÕi c‡_ Ges †mme Amnvq- ~e©j bi-bvix I wkï‡ì Rb¨ hviv e‡j : †n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK ! G Rbc` †_‡K Avgv‡ì †ei K‡i wbb , GLvbKvi Awaevmxiv fqvbK AZ¨vPvix ? Avi Avcbvi Zid †_‡K KvD‡K Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mvnvh¨Kvix K‡i w`b ( myiv wbmv ; 4: 75 )|

KyiAv‡bi Av‡`‡ki K_v we‡ePbvq Avb‡j Avgiv wb‡R‡ì `vwqZ¡ eyS‡Z cvwi| gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ me‡P‡q M~i“Z¡c~Y© e¨cvi n‡jv , cÖ_‡g eyw×e„wËK ch©v‡q D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z bvw¯—KZvi wei“‡× KyiAvb I nv`x‡mi g~j¨‡eva Rqx nq| `~e©j , Amnvq , M„nnxb Ges wecbœ gvbyl‡ì i¶vi GKgvÎ Dcvq n‡jv KyiAv‡bi Av`k© AbymiY Kiv --- †h bxwZ me gvby‡li Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ | †mRb¨ KyiAv‡bi evYx cÖPvi Kiv I gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zv †cuŠ‡Q †`qv gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ AZ¨š— M~i“Z¡c~Y© Bev`‡Zi mvwgj|

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hviv wb‡R‡ì we‡e‡Ki K_v †kv‡b bv , hviv A‡bï `y:†L wbwe©Kvi , hviv A_©- m¤ú` Zz”Q Kv‡R A_©nxbfv‡e LiP K‡i ; hviv GZxg‡ì Rb¨ mnvbyf~wZ †`Lvq bv ; hviv wbh©vwZZ bvix , wkï , e„×‡ì cÖwZ D`vmxb ; hviv ïay A‰bwZK I Amy›`‡ii cÖwZ AvK…ó I Zv‡ZB Lykx ---- Zv‡ì‡K Aek¨B ciKv‡j Gm‡ei Rb¨ `vqx n‡Z n‡e |

myiv gvDb

1| Ò Zzwg wK †`‡LQ Zv‡K , ‡h ag©‡K A ^xKvi K‡i ?

2| †m †Zv H e¨w³ , †h BqvZxg‡K i“pfv‡e Zvwo‡q †`q,

3| Ges wgmKxb‡K Lv`¨ `v‡b DrmvwnZ K‡i bv|

4| AZGe , `vi“Y y‡f©vM H me mvjvZ Av`vqKvix‡ì ,

5| hviv wb‡R‡ì mvjvZ m¤^‡Ü D`vmxb|

6| hviv †jvK †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv K‡i ,

7| Ges M„n ’vjxi ìKvix †QvU-LvU mvnvh¨ `v‡b weiZ _v‡K ( 107 : 1-7 )|

bvw¯ZK‡ì Rxeb eoB D‡Ïk¨nxb:

Avgv‡ì GB mg‡q gvby‡li Rxeb eoB D‡Ïk¨nxb| mevB MZvbyMwZK GKwU Rxebaviv‡K Av`k© wnmv‡e †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q | fvj Lv‡e , fvj PvKix Ki‡e , my›ì evmvq _vK‡e , we‡q Ki‡e BZ¨vw`| G ai‡bi Rxeb Av`‡k©i me‡P‡q M~i“Z¡c~Y© j¶¨ n‡jv Av‡iv fvjfv‡e †eu‡P _vKv I mš—vb‡ì eo K‡i †Zvjv| Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri GB ai‡bi j¶¨ I Av`k©nxb Rxeb‡K Av‡iv fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z n‡j Pvicv‡k ZvKvb| †ekxifvM gvbylB eoB mxwgZ „wóf½xi |

Gg‡bv nq , wcÖq wUwf wmwiqvj wbqwgZ ‡`L‡Z cviv ev RbwcÖq †Kvb wm‡bgv Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡jB A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q Rxeb‡K A_©en g‡b nq| G me gvby‡li Kv‡Q Rxe‡bi j¶¨ e‡j hw` wKQy _v‡K Zv n‡jv †Kvb bvgKiv K¬v‡ei m`m¨ nIqv I mgv‡Ri Mr euvav †mªv‡Z †f‡m Pjv|

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Ab¨ GK `j i‡q‡Q hv‡ì gb-cÖvY c‡o i‡q‡Q eëmv ev A_© ‡ivRMv‡i| mvivUv Rxeb a‡i Zviv ïay evmv Avi Awdm , Awdm Avi evmv ---Gfv‡eB w`‡bi ci w`b cvi K‡i w`‡PQ| GKRb Zuvi hyeK eq‡m PvKix‡Z Xy‡K nq‡Zv GKB Awd‡m c‡ii `xN© 40 eQi cvi K‡i w`j| gv‡Sg‡a¨ †m ïµevi Avmvi A‡c¶v K‡i| Z‡e Zuvi cÖavb j¶¨¸wj n‡jv †Kvb Sv‡gjv QvovB bvbv ai‡bi K‡ii wnmve †_‡K gyw³ cvIqv , me iK‡gi fvov w`‡Z m¶g nIqv Ges mš—v‡bi fwel¨Z myiw¶Z Kiv| †`‡ki ev c„w_exi †Kvb Lei Lye KgB Zv‡K D‡ËwRZ K‡i| ïaygvÎ †h NUbv Zvi eëmvi Dci cÖfve †d‡j ,†mUvB Zvi Kv‡Q †Kvb A_© enb K‡i| GQvov , Ab¨ †Kvb NUbv ev welq wb‡q †m wPš—v K‡i bv|

†m GKB e„‡Ë Ave× Rxeb‡KB MÖnY K‡i‡Q| ïaygvÎ Zvi evwY‡Rï ¯v‡_© AvNvZ nvb‡Z cv‡i ---- Ggb welq wb‡qB †m wPwš—Z| Zvi D‡ØM cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ †m wUwfi †Kvb Av‡jvPbv Abyôv‡b Ask †bq A_ev ivZfi eëmvi mgm¨v wb‡q †Kv_vI Av‡jvPbv K‡i †Kvb mgvavb QvovB| c‡ii w`b , bZzb w`bwU †m ïi“ K‡i wVK †mfv‡eB †hfv‡e Av‡Mi w`bwU K‡iwQj|

Kg eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡qivI GB GKB ai‡bi D‡Ïk¨nxbZvq fyM‡Q ; Rxeb‡K A_©en Ki‡Z hv hv cÖ‡qvRb , †m m‡ei Zv‡ì cÖPÛ Afve| Gme †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì GKUv eo Ask Rv‡bB bv Zv‡ì RvZxq †bZviv Kviv| Zviv Kx ai‡bi ivR‰bwZK wm×vš— wb‡”Q , Zv‡ì wm×v‡š—i Kx cÖfve †`‡ki wbivcËv , A_©bxwZ , wk¶v I wePvi-eë ’vi Dci co‡e| we‡k¦i M~i“Z¡c~Y© cÖavb cÖavb NUbv I Dbœq‡bi Le‡i g‡bv‡hvM bv w`‡q Zviv e¨ — _v‡K ZzPQ , g~j¨nxb ˆn-û‡j−v‡o| Gi d‡j we‡k¦i cÖavb cÖavb NUbv¸wji M~i“Z¡ eyS‡Z cvivi †hvM¨Zv Zviv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Zv‡ì K_vevZ©v cÖvqB mxwgZ _v‡K Kw¤úDUvi †Mgm , B›Uvi‡b‡U AvÇv , ‡WwUs , ¯‹z‡ji †QvU-LvU †Kvb welq wb‡q wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ A‡nZzK VvÆª-Zvgvkv , cix¶vq bKj Kiv , mvg‡b QywUi w`‡b Kx gRv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zvi cwiKíbv Kiv , bZzb d¨vkb ev dzUej †Ljv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv BZ¨vw`‡Z|

wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKv , g¨vMvwR‡bi wewfbœ Rwi‡ci welq _v‡K wK‡kvi-Zi“Y‡ì Kv‡Q †fvU PvIqv †h , Rxe‡bi †`Lv †miv †Mvj †KvbwU ? †K Zvi wcÖq ZviKv ev RbwcÖq g‡W‡ji gZ †`L‡Z ? †K RbwcÖq e¨vÛ ZviKvi gZ MvB‡Z ev wMUvi evRv‡Z cv‡i BZ¨vw`| Z_vKw_Z AvaywbKZvi †mªv‡Z Zviv †f‡m P‡j| wb‡R‡ì „wófw½i cÖmvi NUv‡bvi wPš—v Zviv K‡i bv| GKwU D`vniY : my›ì

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K‡i K_v ejvi †KŠkj ‡kLvi wPš—vI Zi“Yiv K‡i bv ev Gi M~i“Z¡I Zviv †ev‡S bv | KviY Zviv Rv‡bB bv gvby‡li mv‡_ Kx wb‡q ev wKfv‡e K_v ej‡Z n‡e ev Ab¨‡K cÖfvweZ Kivi M~i“Z¡ KZUzKz |

GQvov , AvR ZiƒY cÖRb¥ eB co‡Z Pvq bv| †h gvby‡li Rxe‡b GKwU D‡Ï‡k¨ Av‡Q †m Áv‡bi Av‡jvq wb‡R‡K mg„× K‡i ; A‡bï „wóf½xI Rvbvi †Póv K‡i| hv‡Z K‡i wewfbœ gZev‡ì Aw —Z¡ I gZev`¸wji fvj-g›` w`K m¤úK© Zuvi cwi®‹vi aviYv _v‡K| fvj-g›` m¤c‡K© Zuvi gZvgZ cwi®‹vi | †h e¨w³ Rxeb I RMr m¤ú‡K© †Zgb m‡PZb bq , Gme gZev`¸wji Aw —Z¡ Zvi Kv‡Q †Kvb A_© enb K‡i bv| me‡P‡q eo K_v , †m Rv‡bB bv †h Gme gZev‡ì †Kvb Aw —Z¡ Av‡Q Ges Ab¨ gvbyliv Gme wb‡q Kx wPš—v-fvebv Ki‡Q|

AvRKvj A‡bK mgv‡RB gvby‡li g‡a¨ eB I cwÎKv covi e¨cv‡i Zxeª Abxnv i‡q‡Q ; hwÌ U¨vej‡qW cwÎKv ev KvM‡Ri we‡bv`bgyjK Kjvg †hLv‡b mvaviYZ ¸Re I iMi‡M LeiB †ekx Qvcv nq Ges wUwfi nvjKv Avb‡›ì g¨vMvwRb Abyôvb¸wji cÖwZ cvVK I `k©K‡ì g‡a¨ cÖPÛ Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q|

AwaKvsk gvby‡liB nv‡Z hwÌ cÖPzi mgq i‡q‡Q -- wUwfi mvg‡b e‡m bvUK , wm‡bgv †`‡LB †mB mgqUv Zviv Lykxg‡b KvwU‡q †`q ---hwÌ Zv‡ì g‡bi BwZevPK weKvk NUv‡Z GUv †Kvb mvnvh¨ K‡i bv| GUvB cÖgvY †h , gvbyl ‡Kvb Av`k© †_‡K wb‡R‡K wKfv‡e ewÂZ Ki‡Q Ges Aa:cwZZ n‡”Q|

Rxe‡b †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ bv _vKv Ges we‡k¦i M~i“Z¡c~Y© welq I NUbv m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y© Am‡PZb _vKv gvbeZvi cÖwZ ûgwK¯i“c| Rxe‡bi cÖwZ mywbw`©ó Mfxi †Kvb j¶¨ Av‡Q , Ggb gvby‡li †P‡q j¶¨nxb , Av`k©nxb , A_©nxb Rxe‡bi cÖwZ AwaKvsk gvby‡li †SuvK ev †Kvb Mfxi g~j¨‡eva bv _vKvUv gvbeZvi cÖwZ mwZ¨Kv‡ii ûgwK| †Kbbv , †h me †bZ…e„›` wec`&RbK I ¶wZKi gZ I Av`‡k©i ev —evqb Ki‡Z Pvq , ev —eZv m¤ú‡K© hviv m‡PZb bq , †mB ai‡bi RbMY †Kvb cÖkœ QvovB ev †Kvb †LuvR-Lei bv wb‡qB †mB me ¶wZKi bxwZ †g‡b †bq| G ai‡bi Am‡PZb gvbyl‡ì ekxfyZ ivLv , B”QvgZ cwiPvwjZ Kiv †bZ…‡Z¡i Rb¨ AZ¨š— mnR KvR|

AivRKZvi mg_©K , `jxq mš¿vmx‡ì w`‡q gvby‡li g‡a¨ I wbR †`k I RvwZi wei“‡× N„Yv I kÎ“Zvi Rb¥ †`qvi mgq GB †bZviv †Kvb cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡LvgywL nq bv| GKwU D`vniY †`qv hvK&: GKwU wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi K¨vw›U‡b e‡m cÖPvi Pvwj‡q ˆbivRëv`xiv ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡ì bvkKZvgyjK gZev`¸wj QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì g‡b

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XywK‡q w`‡Z †Póv K‡i| hviv Gi K‚dj m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb bq , Zviv wbwe©Kvifv‡e ZvwK‡q †`L‡e †h Zvi wVK cv‡ki QvÎwUB GB me we‡kl gZev‡` `x¶v cv‡”Q|

†m wKš‘ eyS‡ZB cvi‡Q bv †h , Zvi GB cv‡ki RbB ax‡i ax‡i ˆbivRëv`x I mš¿vmx‡ì Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q `qv-gvqvnxb GK Acivax‡Z cwiYZ n‡”Q| wKQyw`b ci mnR-mij , weåvš— GB Zi“YivB A ¿ nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡q wb‡R‡ì cywjk , cÖwZi¶v evwnbx Ges wbixn RbM‡Yi wei“‡× †mB A ¿ eënvi Ki‡e| Avevi KL‡bv hwÌ ev †m GB me wec` m¤ú‡K© AvuvP Ki‡Z cv‡i , ZeyI †m m¤¢ve¨ wec` m¤ú‡K© wbwe©Kvi _v‡K | †Kbbv , wbR `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© †m †gv‡UI m‡PZb bq| ZvQvov , G ai‡bi mgm¨v‡K `¶Zvi mv‡_ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi ‡hvM¨Zv I gb-gvbwmKZvI Zvi †bB|

Avj −vn weåvš— , Av`k©nxb gvbyl m¤ú‡K© KyiAv‡b e‡j‡Qb , Ò Zzwg Zv‡ì †Q‡o `vI, Zviv †L‡q wbK&, †fvM K‡i wbK& Ges AjxK Avkv Zv‡ì‡K fywj‡q ivLyK , Lye ZvovZvwo Zviv ( cÖK…Z Ae ’v ) Rvb‡Z cvi‡e Ó ( myiv wnRi ; 15 : 3 ) | GKRb m‡PZb gvbyl j¶¨ K‡ib †h , wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †Kvb bZzb bxwZi wei“‡× †Kvb GKwU `j †hfv‡e cÖwZev` Ki‡Q , Zv‡Z fvj Õi †P‡q g›`B n‡”Q †ekx; GUv n‡”Q H we‡kl `jwUi „wóf½xi cwiYvg ---Giv fvj Kv‡Ri mg_©‡b GwM‡q Av‡m bv| Ab¨ GKwU `j Gme bxwZi e¨cv‡i wbðzc _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i| Giv gvbyl‡K fvj Kv‡Ri mg_©‡b GwM‡q Avm‡Z DrmvwnZ bv K‡i eis welqwU m¤ú~Y© Gwo‡q P‡j Ges gvbyl‡K GUvB e‡j †h †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwZ c~Y© AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡i we‡ivax‡ì †_‡K ~‡i _vK‡Z|

Ab¨ †Kvb `j Avwef~©Z nq N„Yv I kÎ“Zvi cÖKvk NwU‡q | ‡k−vMvb w`‡q , wgwQj K‡i , jvwV I cv_i nv‡Z wb‡q we‡¶vf K‡i Zviv Ab¨ GK ai‡bi fq-fxwZ I AvZs‡Ki Rb¥ †`q| Zv‡ì Gme cÖ‡Póvi †Kvb gyj¨ †bB | Zviv Avj −vnÕi wb‡`©k cÖPv‡i Drmvnx bq I Ggb me KvR K‡i hvi mv‡_ KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k©i †Kvb wgj †bB | Avj −vn KyiAv‡b e‡j‡Qb , ywbqvq Awek¦vmx‡ì Gme Kv‡Ri †Kvb g~j¨ †bB --- Ò hviv Zv‡ì ie‡K Agvb¨ K‡i Zv‡ì Dcgv : Zv‡ì KvR QvB -f‡¯§i gZ hvi Dci w`‡q S‡oi w`‡b cÖej evZvm e‡q hvq| hv Zviv DcvR©b K‡iwQj Zvi wKQyB Zviv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡e bv| GUvB nj †NviZi weåvwš— Ó ( myiv Beivnxg; 14: 18 )

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GB ai‡bi cwiw ’wZ Gwo‡q hvIqvi Dcvq Aek¨B gvby‡li Av‡Q| GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h , Zviv wb‡R‡K Ggb gvby‡l cwiYZ Ki‡e bv hviv ïay wb‡R‡ì‡K wb‡qB e¨ — _v‡K| gvbyl‡K Drmvn w`‡Z n‡e Ggb gvby‡l cwiYZ n‡Z †h ev hviv A‡bï DcKv‡i Av‡m ; hviv ïay wb‡Ri ^v_© ev wb‡Ri †`‡ki mgm¨v wb‡qB fv‡e bv ; eis cy‡iv we‡k¦i mgm¨v wb‡q Zviv wPš—v K‡i|

Avj −vn cy‡iv gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ †h ag©‡K wbe©vwPZ K‡i‡Qb Ges cvK -KyiAv‡b hv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z GB Pzovš— D‡Ï‡kï cÖKvk N‡U--- Ò AZGe Zzwg GKvMÖ wP‡Ë wb‡R‡K a‡g© Kv‡qg ivL; Avj −vnÕi cÖK…wZi AbymiY Ki , ‡h cÖK…wZ‡Z wZwb gvbyl m„wó K‡i‡Qb ; Avj −vnÕi cÖK…wZi †Kvb cwieZ©b †bB ; GwUB mij ag© ; wKš‘ †ekxifvM gvbyl Zv Rv‡b bv Ó ( myiv iyg ; 30: 30)|

Avj −vn whwb gvbyl‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb , wZwb ag©‡KI m„wó K‡i‡Qb -Ggb ag© hv gvbyl‡K cig kvwš— I c~Y© wbivcËvi wbðqZv †`q| †mRb¨ mZ¨ ag© Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb gZ ev `k©b gvbyl hv Pvq †mB wbLuyZ kvwš— w`‡Z cv‡i bv| G Kvi‡Y , bvbv ai‡bi fyj I weåvwš—gyjK gZev‡ì hviv mg_©K I cÖPviK , Zuv‡ì‡K Aek¨B Rvbv‡bv ìKvi †h , †Kb Zviv f~j ? GB m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì‡K Z_¨ I cÖgvY w`‡Z n‡e Ges fyj g‡Zi e`‡j mZ¨ a‡g©i mÜvb Rvbv‡Z n‡e | hviv j¶¨nxb , Av`k©nxb gvbyl Ges hviv weåvwš—g~jK g‡Zi AÜ mg_©K I Abymvix , Zv‡ì‡K cweÎ KyiAvb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bvUv Acwinvh© | †Kbbv , KyiAv‡bi w`K-wb‡ ©kbv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡j ZLbB †Kej Zviv eyS‡e †h GB c„w_ex , GB Rxeb ---Gme m„wó n‡q‡Q mywbw ©ó j‡¶¨ |

KyiAv‡b Avj −vn gvbyl‡K m„wói inm¨ m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, Ò Avwg wRb I gvbyl‡K m„wó K‡iwQ †Kej GRb¨ †h , †hb Zviv AvgviB Bev`Z K‡i Ó ( myiv hvwiqvZ; 51 : 56)|

Avgiv mevB GKw`b gviv hve | gviv hvIqvi c‡iB Avgv‡ì mwZ¨Kv‡ii Rxeb hv Abš—Kvj ’vqx , Zv ïi“ nq| ywbqvi ¶Y ’vqx Rxe‡bi j¶¨ n‡e Ggb gvbyl nIqvi Rb¨ msMÖvg Kiv †hgb gvbyl Avj −vnÕi cQ‡›ì Ges hv‡K Avj −vn Zuvi †gngvb wnmv‡e †e‡nk‡Zi evMv‡b XyK‡Z AbygwZ †`‡eb|

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Avgv‡ì KvR I wek¦vm wVK K‡i w`‡e Avgiv wK wPiKvj Av¸‡bi g‡a¨ _vK‡ev bv wPi-my›ì evMv‡b _vK‡ev| G Kvi‡Y , †h me gvbyl D‡Ïk¨nxbfv‡e mgq bó K‡i Ges ciKv‡ji Rxe‡b ‡Kvb DcKv‡i Avm‡e bv Ggb g~j¨nxb †ckvq wb‡R‡K e¨¯— †i‡L‡Q ; hviv g‡b K‡i GB c„w_ex‡Z †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ QvovB Zviv Lv‡gvKv †eu‡P Av‡Q , Ggb gvbyl‡ì‡K Riƒixfv‡e mZK© K‡i w`‡Z n‡e I Zv‡ì‡K Am‡PZbZv ‡_‡K RvwM‡q Zzj‡Z n‡e|

†e‡nkZ jv‡fi Rb¨ Avj−vnÕi mš‘wó AR©bB G ywbqvq Avgv‡ì cÖavb j¶¨ | GUv Rvbvi ci Avgiv Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k hv NU‡Q , †m e¨cv‡i Avi wbwe©Kvi _vK‡Z cvwi bv| Avgiv GLb Rvwb , †h †Kvb NUbvB Avgv‡ì‡K Avj −vnÕi mš‘wó AR©‡bi my‡hvM G‡b †`q hw` Avgiv mwVK AvPiY Kwi|

Pvicv‡k ev c„w_exi †h †Kvb cÖv‡š— †Kvb Ab¨vq , AwePvi †`L‡j ag© wek¦vmx‡ì g‡b Zxeª Kó nq| †hgb, †h wkïi _vKvi RvqMv †bB , iv —vq iv —vq kx‡Z -Mi‡g †h A‡bK K‡ó Rxeb KvUvq , Zvi cÖwZ Avgiv GKUv `vwqZ¡ Ab~fe Kwi| †Kbbv, Avj−vn KyiAv‡b Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb , Ò Zzwg BqvZx‡gi cÖwZ K‡VviZv cÖ k©b Ki‡e bv ; Avi wf¶zK‡K agK †`‡e bv Ó

( myiv †`vnv ; 93 : 9-10)| Avgiv `wi ª , BqvZxg‡ì mv‡_ fvj eënvi Ki‡ev| Avgiv †Póv Ki‡ev Ggb GKUv Dcvq †ei Ki‡Z hv‡Z GB Amnvq‡ì‡K `ywe©mn hš¿Yv ‡_‡K gyw³ †`qv hvq| Aek¨ Avgiv Rvwb †h , Gme Amnvq wkï‡ì i¶vi Rb¨ KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© wek¦vmx ïaygvÎ Aí K‡qKRb wek¦vmx‡ì †PóvB h‡_ó bq | ZvB , Avgv‡ì‡K Avj−vn I Zuvi ivmyj ( `: ) Gi Av`k© we‡k¦i me gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z n‡e|

¯^v_©ciZvi Rb¥ Av`k©nxbZv †_‡K : j¶¨ I gnr †Kvb Av`k© bv _vK‡j gvbyl I mgvR n‡q c‡o GKB ai‡bi--- ^v_©ci I wbwe©Kvi| mevB ZLb ïay wbR wbR ^v_© wb‡qB e¨ — _v‡K ; Avi Pvicv‡k Kx NU‡Q , bv NU‡Q , †m e¨cv‡i Zv‡ì ‡Kvb gv_v e¨v_v _v‡K bv Ges †mRb¨ Zviv †Kvb cÖwZwµqvI †`Lvq bv| †h gvby‡li GKgvÎ j¶¨ n‡”Q †Kej wb‡Ri Lykx‡Z †eu‡P _vKv , †m Zvi Pvicv‡ki NUbv¸wji g‡a¨ †KejgvÎ wb‡Ri ^v_©mswk−ó welq¸wji w`‡KB g‡bv‡hvM †`q , Ab¨

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e¨cv‡i _v‡K G‡Kev‡i wbwe©Kvi| †hgb, †h †`‡ki mv‡_ Zvi e¨vemvwqK †jb-‡`b Av‡Q , †mB †`‡k hy× jvM‡j †m gnvwPš—vq co‡e wb‡Ri e¨vemvwqK ¶wZi K_v †f‡e | †m †gv‡UI fve‡e bv †mB Amnvq gvbyl‡ì K_v hviv hy‡× b„ksmfv‡e MYnZ¨vi wkKvi n‡”Q ;†m me Amnvq wkï‡ì wb‡q †m wPš—v Ki‡e bv , hviv hy‡×i wbg©g ewj n‡jv Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e hy‡×i Kvi‡b †m †`‡ki †h ~we©mn cwiw ’wZi m„wó n‡q‡Q , †mUv wb‡qI Zvi ‡Kvb wPš—v †bB | Zvi g‡b Gme K‡ói wP‡Îi †Kvb cÖwZdjb N‡U bv| UvKvi wcQ‡b QyU‡Z QyU‡Z †m GKev‡iv fv‡e bv , wKfv‡e GBme Amnvq gvbyl‡ì mvnvh¨ Kiv hvq| GwU AmsL¨ D`vni‡Yi g‡a¨ gvÎ GKwU hv †ekxifvM gvbylB Lye ^vfvweKfv‡e †g‡b wb‡q‡Q| †ivRB wUwf Avi cwÎKv we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖv‡š—i Amnvq gvbyl‡ì y:L - ~ ©kvi Kvwnbx cÖPvi I cÖKvk K‡i hviv Amnbxq Kó I mš¿v‡mi gy‡LvgywL | Gme AZ¨vPvi , wek„•Ljvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`‡k©i mg_©K bv nIqv Ges mªóvi cÖwZ wek¦vmnxbZv | GUv c¨v‡jóvBb †nvK& ev B‡›`v‡bwkqv , K‡mv‡fv , †PPwbqv ev we‡k¦i †h †Kvb cÖv‡š—B Avgiv †`wL wkï mš—v‡bi mvg‡b gv-evev‡K wbh©vZb Kiv n‡”Q A_ev mvgvb¨ GK UzK‡iv Rwg `L‡ji Rb¨ gvbyl‡K weZvwoZ Kiv n‡”Q| GKBfv‡e Avgiv GUv †`‡L Af¨ — †h , †QvU †QvU ev”Pviv wb‡R‡ì‡K euvPv‡Z †ec‡ivqvfv‡e cv_i Qy‡o gvi‡Q| Gme fqsKi „k¨ †`‡LI Aek¨ Nygv‡Z †h‡Z gvby‡li †Kvb Amyweav nq bv I †ivRKvi Af¨ — Rxe‡b wd‡i †h‡Z Zv‡ì †Kvb Kó nq bv --†Kbbv -- Zviv †Zv e¨w³MZfv‡e Gme NUbvq †Kvb ¶wZi wkKvi n‡”Q bv| †h‡nZz , Gme gvbyl eo ai‡bi †Kvb wPš—v-fvebvq Af¨ — bv Ges gnr †Kvb Av`k© I wePvi-we‡ePbv †eva G‡ì g‡a¨ †bB , ZvB Gme wbôziZvq Giv wePwjZ nq bv| wbg©gfv‡e hviv AZ¨vPvwiZ n‡”Q , Zv‡ì RvqMvq wb‡R‡K wPš—v Ki‡j Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi Gme NUbvi cÖwZ hviv wb¯ú„n _v‡K , †mme gvbyl KZUv we‡eKnxb| Gme gvbyliv hw` Ggb cwi‡e‡k _vK‡Zv †hLv‡b wbiciva gvbyl‡K †g‡i †djv nq , Zuv‡ì ¿x , cyÎ , fvB-‡evb , gv-evev bv †L‡q _v‡K Ges wbôzi wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi ----hw` Ggb n‡Zv †m wb‡R Pig `vwi‡`ªi gy‡LvgywL ? -----hw` Ggb nq †h Zvi Kv‡Q †Kvb UvKv-cqmv †bB Ges Amy ’ wkï mš—v‡bi wPwKrmvi †Kvb eë ’v ‡m Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv ? Ggb hw` nq †m wb‡Ri evwo †_‡K D‡”Q` n‡jv †Kvb Aciva bv K‡iB ?---------------ZLb hw` †m Ggb Kv‡iv †`Lv cvq †h G ai‡bi

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†Kvb AZ¨vPv‡ii gy‡LvgywL nq wb Ges ‡h ïay UvKv-cqmvi wPš—vq we‡fvi Ges hvi aviYv Ò Avwg †Kb Gme gvbyl‡K euvPv‡Z hv‡ev ? ÕÕ ...........ZLb wK Zvi g‡b n‡e bv , GB †jvKwU GK`g we‡eKnxb , cvlvY , Agvbyl ? mnvbyfywZkxj I we‡eKm¤úbœ nIqvi Rb¨ GUv Ri“ix bq †h GKRb‡K AZ¨vPvi ev `y:L †fvM Ki‡ZB n‡e| gvby‡li `y:L †`L‡j Ges KyiAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Zv‡ì K‡ói K_v wPš—v KivB GRb¨ h‡_ó| wKš‘, †ekxifvM gvbyl KyiAvb †_‡K wb‡R‡ì ~‡i iv‡L Ges †mRb¨ we‡e‡Ki ZvobvI Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Lye GKUv †bB| Avj −vn G ai‡bi ^v_©ci , we‡eKnxb , wbôzi ^fv‡ei gvbyl hviv a‡g© wek¦vmx bq , Zv‡ì K_v KyiAv‡b e‡j‡Qb , Ò wbðqB gvbyl m„wRZ n‡q‡Q ye©jgbv-Aw ’i wPË, hLb Zv‡K †Kvb Awbó ¯úk© K‡i , ZLb †m nv-ûZvk K‡i , Avi hLb †Kvb Kj¨vY Zv‡K ¯úk© K‡i , ZLb †m Kvc©Y¨ K‡i Ó ( myiv gvÕAvwiR ; 70: 19-21) | †h me gvbyl Avj −vn‡K fq K‡i , Zviv Amnvq gvbyl‡ì cÖwZ `vwqZ¡ Ab~fe K‡i | Avj −vn e‡jb , GB c„w_ex‡Z yB ai‡bi gvbyl Av‡Q ; GK `j mwVK Avi Ab¨ `j fyj c‡_ Av‡Q| KyiAv‡b Avj −vn e‡jb , Ò Avi Avwg †Zv Zv‡K †`wL‡q w`‡qwQ yÕwU c_ , Zvici †m yM©g c_ cvi nq wb ; Zzwg wK Rv‡bv †m yM©g LuvwU c_ Kx? Zv nj , †Kvb `vm gy³

Kiv , A_ev ywf©‡¶i w`‡b Lv`¨ `vb Kiv , BqvZxg AvZœxq‡K A_ev wgmKxb‡K ; Zvici †m Zv‡ì Aš—f©~³ nq hviv Cgvb Av‡b , Ges ci¯úi‡K Dc‡`k †`q âh© avi‡Yi Ges `qv-gvqvi| GivB Wvb w`‡Ki †mŠfvM¨kvjx| Avi hviv Avgvi AvqvZmg~n cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i , ZvivB evg w`‡Ki , nZfvMv| Zviv n‡e Av¸‡bi g‡a¨ e›`x|Ó ( myiv evjv` ; 90 : 10-20 ) | mwVK c‡_i K_v cwi®‹vi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q KyiAv‡b ; ZvB ‡h me we‡eKm¤úbœ , m‡PZb gvbyl Avj −vnÕi `qv I Ki“Yvi cÖZ¨vkx Ges †e‡nk‡Zi evMv‡b hviv †h‡Z Pvq ; Zviv Ab¨vq -AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖwZ wbwe©Kvi _vK‡e ev Amnvq gvbyl‡ì fwel¨‡Zi K_v fve‡e bv ---GUv n‡Z cv‡i bv| me m‡PZb gvbyl‡K g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e , AvR we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖv‡š— †h AZ¨vPvi , Ab¨vq , K‚-kvmb Pj‡Q Zv‡Z †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl Kó I mš¿v‡mi wkKvi n‡”Q |

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†KD †KD e‡j , wKQy wbw`©ó gvbyl Gme AZ¨vPv‡ii Rb¨ `vqx ; Avwg †Kb Gi `vq enb Ki‡ev ? we‡eKevb gvbyl G ai‡bi K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv | †Kbbv , ciKv‡j Avj −vnÕi Kv‡Q Amnvq gvbyl‡ì `y:L-K‡ói Rb¨ Avgv‡ì‡K `vqe× n‡Z n‡e| hviv Ggb me gZv`k© cÖPvi K‡i hv‡Z mš¿vm , gvby‡li cÖwZ wbôziZvi cÖmvi N‡U , Zviv wb‡Riv mivmwi AZ¨vPvi bv Ki‡jI AZ¨vPvix‡ì mv‡_ GKB KvZv‡i Zv‡ì

’vb| hviv Gme gZ I Av`‡k©i cÖPv‡ii we‡ivaxZv K‡i bv , ZvivI Gme ~ ©kvi Rb¨ `vqx| ag©wek¦vmx‡ì cÖwZ AwePj bv _vK‡j `vwqZ¡ Ávbnxb gvby‡liv Ggb GK mgvR ˆZix K‡i , †hLv‡b gvbyl fv‡e , Avgvi †Kvb `vwqZ¡ †bB ; †Kvb wKQyi Rb¨ Avwg Kv‡iv Kv‡Q `vqe× bB| Giv Ggb ai‡bi gvbyl , hviv wb‡R‡ì ¯^v_© wPš—vB Av‡M K‡i ; Ges wb‡Riv †Kgb K‡i my›ì K‡i euvP‡e , †mB wPš—vB Zvi Kv‡Q cÖvavb¨B cvq| wee©Zbev‡ì ZË¡ hv ‰eÁvwbKfv‡e cÖgvwYZ e‡j `vex Kiv nq ,†mUv e¯Ëev`xZv , †fvMev`xZv , ag©nxbZvi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q | GB gZv`k© `vwqZ¡Ávbnxb I Av`k©nxb gvbyl ˆZix Ki‡Q| gvbyl g‡b Ki‡Q Zvi Kv‡iv Kv‡QB †Kvb ˆKwdqZ †`qvi †bB| weeZ©bev` GUvB e‡j †h , gvbyl evbiRvZxq cÖvYxi DbœZZi cÖRvwZ Ges gvbyl G c„w_ex‡Z NUbvP‡K&ª G‡m‡Q | gvbe m„wó m¤ú‡K© G ai‡bi aviYv Ab¨ gvby‡li Rb¨ Kó ¯xKiv Kiv , Ab¨ gvbyl‡K Kó †_‡K euvPv‡bv ev `y:Lx gvby‡li cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj nIqv ---Gme Av`k© wk¶v †`q bv| me‡P‡q eo K_v , weeZ©bev` GUvB †kLvq †h , Rxeb n‡jv msMÖvg , †mLv‡b hvi kw³ Av‡Q †mB wUu‡K _vK‡e | Mixe , ~e©j Giv aŸsm n‡q hv‡e ; cy‡iv c„w_ex‡Z gvbyl ¯‹zj , K‡jR , wUwf , cwÎKv Ges Pvicv‡ki gvbyl †_‡K GB gZv`k© wkL‡Q| GB gZ ~i Ki‡Z Ges ¶gv , mnvbyf~wZ , mggwg©Zv cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`k© gvbyl‡K Rvbv‡bv | mªóvi cÖwZ wek¦vmnxbZv GB c„w_ex‡Z I Abš—Kv‡ji Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Kx cÖPÛ ¶wZKi ,Zv mevB‡K †evSv‡Z n‡e| me wek¦vmxi Rb¨ GUv GKUv Aek¨ KZ©e¨| hviv GB M~i“Z¡c~Y© I m¤§vbRbK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i , Avj −vn Zv‡ì Kj¨v‡Yi cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡q‡Qb...Ò †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Cgvb Av‡b I †bK KvR K‡i , Avj −vn Zv‡ì‡K Iqv`v w`‡q‡Qb †h , Aek¨B wZwb Zv‡ì‡K c„w_ex‡Z AvwacZ¨ `vb Ki‡eb , †hgb wZwb AvwacZ¨ `vb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡ì c~e©eZ©©x‡ì‡K Ges wZwb Aek¨B my`„p Ki‡eb Zv‡ì Rb¨ Øxb‡K hv wZwb Zv‡ì Rb¨ cQ›` K‡i‡Qb ; Ges Aek¨B wZwb Zv‡ì fq -fxwZi c‡i Zv cwiewZ©Z K‡i †`‡eb wbivcËvq| Zviv

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AvgviB Bev`Z Ki‡e , Avgvi mv‡_ KvD‡K kixK Ki‡e bv | Avi hviv AK…ZÁ , ZvivB †Zv mZ¨Z¨vMxÓ ( myiv b~i; 24: 55 ) | Avj −vnÕi fq gvby‡li g‡a¨ bv _vK‡j Kx n‡e ? yÕRb gvby‡li K_v fveyb | GKRb Rv‡b †h , Avj −vnÕi mvg‡b Zv‡K GKw`b nvwRi

n‡Z n‡e Ges fvj -g›` Kv‡Ri h_vh_ cÖwZdj Zv‡K †c‡Z n‡e| Av‡iKRb g‡b K‡i Kv‡iv Kv‡QB Zvi †Kvb Revew`wnZv †bB| GB yBR‡bi AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ Aek¨B A‡bK Zdvr _vK‡e| Avj −vn‡K †h fq K‡i, †m ‡h †Kvb Ab¨vq †_‡K wb‡R‡K ~‡i iv‡L Ges wb‡Ri ^v_©mswk−ó wel‡q me ai‡bi A‰bwZK AvPiY †_‡K wb‡R‡K gy³ ivL‡e| hvi g‡b Avj−vnÕi fq †bB, †m AKvi‡Y ev Zz”Q e¨w³¯v‡_© gvbyl‡K Lyb Ki‡ZI wØav Ki‡e bv| Avj−vn I ciKv‡ji fq _vK‡j Ggb †Kvb KvR Kivi mvnm Zvi n‡Zv bv , hvi ˆKwdqZ ‡`qv ciKv‡j Zvi c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| cweÎ KyiAv‡b nhiZ Av`g ( Av: ) Gi yB †Q‡ji K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GB Kvwnbx Avgv‡ì „wó AvKl©Y K‡i Ggb yB e¨w³i cÖwZ hv‡ì GKRb Avj −vn fxi“ , Avi Ab¨R‡bi g‡b Avj −vni m¤ú‡K© fq †bB --Ò Zzwg Zv‡ì ïbvI Av`‡gi yB ‡Q‡ji Kvwnbx| hLb Zviv Kyievbx K‡iwQj ZLb Zv‡ì GKR‡bi Kzievbx Keyj n‡qwQj I Ab¨R‡biUv Keyj Kiv nq wb| †m ej‡jv : Aek¨B Avwg †Zvgv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡ev| Ab¨Rb ej‡jv : Avj −vn †KejgvÎ wek¦vmx‡ì Kyievbx Keyj K‡ib| hw` Zzwg Avgv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ Avgvi w`‡K †Zvgvi nvZ cÖmvwiZ K‡iv , ZeyI Avwg †Zvgv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ †Zvgvi w`‡K Avgvi nvZ cÖmvwiZ Ki‡ev bv| †Kbbv , Avwg †Zv fq Kwi wek¦RM‡Zi cÖwZcvjK Avj−vn‡K Ó ( myiv gvwq`v : 5: 27-28 )| hvi g‡b Avj −vni fq †bB , †m †Pv‡Li cjK bv †d‡j Avcb fvB‡K †g‡i †d‡j hwÌ Zvi fvB‡qi †KvbB †`vl wQj bv| Ab¨w`‡K , GB nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wkKvi †h n‡jv †m nZ¨vi ûgwKi gy‡LI Rvwb‡q w`‡qwQj †h †m wb‡Ri fvB‡K Lyb Kivi †PóvI Ki‡e bv| Avj −vn fxi“‡ì mvwe©K wPÎ GiKgB| †h mgv‡R gvby‡li g‡b Avj −vnÕi fq KvR Ki‡e , †m mgv‡R Avj−vn hv cQ›` K‡ib bv †hgb , Lyb , AZ¨vPvi , AwePvi , êlg¨ BZ¨vw` _vK‡e bv| fq I ‡jvf

17

?? gvby‡li wbôziZv I A‰bwZK AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ A‡bKvs‡k `vqx| A‡bK gvbylB fq cvq †h Zviv Mixe n‡q hv‡e ev Zv‡ì fwel¨‡Zi †Kvb wbðqZv †bB | Gme fq †_‡K Nyl LvIqv , ~b©xwZ , Pzwi , wg_¨v mv¶¨ , cwZZve„wË BZ¨vw`‡Z A‡bK gvbyl wb‡R‡ì‡K Rwo‡q †d‡j| ‡h e¨w³i g‡b Avj −vni Dci wek¦vm Av‡Q , †m me mgq Avj −vni Dci fimv K‡i ; me wKQyi Dc‡i Avj−vn†K ¯’vb †`q| Avj−vni ingZ †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Z n‡e , Ggb †h †Kvb KvR‡K †m ZvB Gwo‡q P‡j| Zvi g‡bi Mfx‡i †m Avj−vni fq‡K evwo‡q P‡j | ¶zav , `vwi`ª , g„Zÿ ev †Kvb `y:L -KóB Zv‡K Avj −vnÕi c_ †_‡K wePÿZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avj −vn fxi“ Kv‡iv c‡¶B KyiAv‡bi c_ †_‡K ~‡i P‡j hvIqv †Kvb cwiw ’wZ‡ZB m¤¢e bq | †m wek¦vmx , Zvi Dci ZvB wbf©i Kiv P‡j | †m we‡eK Abyhvqx KvR K‡i| Avj−vn me †`‡Lb , me ï‡bb ---GUv †m Rv‡b I wek¦vm K‡i e‡j hLb †m GK`g GKv _v‡K , ZLbI †m we‡e‡Ki wei“‡× KvR K‡i bv| ag©nxbZv we‡eKnxbZvi Rb¥ †`q | GUv ¯úó K‡i †evSvevi Rb¨ D`vniY †`B Ggb GK e¨w³i †h iv¯—vq ‡Kvb gvbyl‡K Mvwo Pvcv w`‡q ª“Z cvwj‡q †h‡Z wØav K‡i bv| GUv wb‡`©k K‡i a‡g©i c_ †_‡K †m KZUv ~‡i| GKRb AvnZ gvbyl‡K Amnvq Ae ’vq iv —vi gvSLv‡b †d‡j cvwj‡q †h P‡j hvq , †m we‡eKnxb | †m g‡b K†i cvwj‡q wM‡q †m gvbylRb‡K Gwo‡q †h‡Z cvi‡e| †m GUv wPš—v K‡i bv †h Avj −vn Zv‡K wN‡i i‡q‡Qb| cÖwZwU gyn~‡Z© Avj −vn Zv‡K †`L‡Qb , ïb‡Qb | GKRb KL‡bvB Avj −vni bRi`vix I †kl wePv‡ii w`‡bi kvw — †_‡K cvwj‡q euvP‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avj−vn me ai‡bi Ab¨vq , wbôziZv I we‡eKewR©Z Kv‡Ri wePvi Ki‡eb - Ò ‡Kvb bexi c‡¶ m¤¢e bq †Kvb wKQy Ab¨vqfv‡e †Mvcb K‡i ivLv| †KD †Kvb wKQy Ab¨vqfv‡e †Mvcb K‡i ivL‡j †m Zv †Kqvg‡Zi w`b wb‡q Avm‡e| Zvici cÖ‡Z¨K‡K cwicyY©fv‡e †`qv n‡e hv †m AR©b K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZ †Kvb AwePvi Kiv n‡e bv| †h e¨w³ Avj −vn hv‡Z mš—ó Zvi AvbyMZ¨ K‡i †m wK H e¨w³i gZ , †h Avj −vnÕi †µv‡ai cvÎ n‡q‡Q Ges hvi Avevm Rvnvbœvg ? Avi Zv KZ wbK…ó cÖZ¨veZ©b ’j | Ó ( myiv Av‡j -ÕBgivb : 3: 161-162 ) | gvbyl‡K Avj−vni Av‡`k-wb‡ ©‡ki K_v g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡j Ges Avj −vnÕi wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ Pjvi K_v ej‡j G ai‡bi we‡eKnxY AvPvi-AvPiY eÜ n‡e|

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a‡g©i c_ †_‡K gvbyl ~‡i m‡i wM‡q KZUv ag©nxb KvR K‡i Zvi Av‡iv GKUv D`vniY n‡jv fyqv wPwKrmK| †KvbiKg wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv I †ckvMZ `¶Zv QvovB Giv Ggbfv‡e †ivMx‡ì‡K wPwKrmv K‡i †hb Zviv `¶ wPwKrmK| Gfv‡e Zviv Amnvq †ivMx‡ì mv‡_ Pig cÖZviYv K‡i Ges †ivMx‡ì my v ’ I Rxeb‡K mvsNvwZK wec‡ì gy‡L †V‡j ‡`q| G wb‡q Gme we‡eKnxb gvbyl‡ì †Kvb wPš—vB †bB| Zviv ïay we‡fvi UvKv †ivRMv‡ii †bkvq| Avj −vn wek¦vmx‡ì wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb ........Ò Avj −vn wbðqB †Zvgv‡ì wb‡`©k †`b †h , †Zvgiv AvgvbZ †cuŠ‡Q `vI Zvi cÖvcK‡ì Kv‡Q ; Avi hLb gvby‡li g‡a¨ wePvi KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡e ZLb b¨vqwePvi Ki‡e| Avj−vn †h Dc‡`k †Zvgv‡ì †`b Zv KZ DËg | wbðqB Avj −vn me †kv‡bb , me †`‡Lb Ó ( myiv wbmv: 4: 58 )| my v ’ GKwU g~jëvb †bqvgZ/ AvgvbZ | GB Avqv‡Zi cÖwZ `ywó †i‡L gvbyl Ggb †Kvb †ckvq wb‡R‡K Rov‡e bv hv Kivi AwaKvi Zvi †bB Ges hv‡Z Ab¨ gvby‡li ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i| Rxe‡bi me ¯—‡iB Ggb A‡bK we‡eKnxb gvbyl‡ì †`Lv cvIqv hvq , hvi g‡b Avj −vnÕi fq †bB| Avj −vnÕi kvw —i K_v Giv wPš—v K‡i bv e‡j wbiciva gvby‡li bv‡g Acev` w`‡Z wØav K‡i bv| †m gvbyl‡K †evSvq †h †m wb‡R wbiciva I wek¦vmx| Avj−vn me wKQy †`L‡Qb Ges †Kqvg‡Zi w`‡b me wKQyi wePvi n‡e ---GB †evaUyKz G‡ì †bB| G‡ì Acev‡ì Rb¨ wbiciva gvbyliv ¶wZMÖ ’ nq| kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e wecbœ nq , A‡bK mgq †R‡j hvq ---Gme †Kvb wKQyB we‡eKnxb‡ì ¯úk© K‡i bv| Avj −vn G ai‡bi Acev`Kvix‡ì kvw — m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb , Ò wbðqB hviv G Acev` iUbv K‡i‡Q , Zviv †Zv †Zvgv‡ìB ga¨ †_‡K GKwU ¶z ª `j| †Zvgiv G Acev`‡K †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ g›` e‡j g‡b Ki bv , eis GUv †Zv †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi| Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rb¨ Av‡Q ZZUzKz hZUzKz cvc †m K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K †h e¨w³ G e¨cv‡i me‡P‡q †ekx f~wgKv MÖnY K‡i‡Q , Zvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q fxlY kvw — Ó ( myiv b~i : 24: 11 )| ‡h gvbyl Avj−vn‡K fq K‡i bv , †m Ab¨ gvbyl‡K kª×v ev g~j¨qb K‡i bv| mªóvi cÖwZ wek¦vmnxbZvi Kvi‡YB Avgiv ‡`wL A‡bK Lvevi †`vKv‡bi gvwjK

^v ’ m¤§Zfv‡e Lvevi mieivn K‡i bv; †ekxifvM gvbylB eq¯‹‡ì cÖwZ m¤§vb †`Lvq

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bv; †ivMxiv Ri“ix wefv‡M h_vh_ hZœ I wPwKrmvi Afv‡e gviv hvq ; Amnvq I Mixe gvby‡liv Zv‡ì mvgvb¨ wf‡U-gvwU †_‡K D‡”Q` nq BZ¨vw`| ‡h mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡ì g‡b Avj −vnÕi cÖwZ fq Av‡Q , †mLv‡b †KD G ai‡bi KvR K‡i bv| †Kbbv , Zviv m‡PZb †h GB ywbqvq †Kvb Lvivc KvR Ki‡j g„Z y cieZ©x Rxe‡b †mRb¨ kvw¯— †c‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li g‡a¨ GB ai‡bi m‡PZb we‡eK KvR Ki‡j mgv‡R kvwš— , k„•Ljv , b¨vq-wePvi cÖwZôv cvq| me ai‡bi jv¤úU¨ , cwZZve„wË I A‰bwZK AvPvi-AvPiY †_‡K wb‡R‡ì‡K gy³ †i‡L hw` ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb , mnvbyf~wZ I ¶gvi g‡bvfve cÖ k©bKiv nq , Zvn‡j Zv my›ì cwievi m„wói cvkvcvwk my „p mgvRI cÖwZôv Ki‡e | mgvR ZLbB G ai‡bi wbf©i‡hvM¨ , my „p wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ nq hLb gvbyl G‡K A‡bï cÖwZ Avš—wiKZv †`Lv‡e| cÖwZ`v‡bi Avkv bv K‡i fvj KvR Kiv: ‡h Avj −vn†K fq K‡i , †m wb‡Ri we‡e‡Ki K_v ï‡b Ges memgq KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© c_ P‡j ; cvK KyiAv‡b Avj−vn Av‡`k K‡ib , GB `ywbqvq Zvr¶wYK jv‡fi Avkv bv K‡i gvbyl †hb A‡bï DcKv‡i fvj KvR K‡i| `y:Lx gvbyl‡K my›ì GKwU Rxeb Dcnvi †`qvi Rb¨ wek¦vmx‡ì‡K msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡e| myiv gy vmwmi G Avj −vn e‡jb , Ò Avi †ekx cvIqvi Avkvq KvD‡K wKQy `vb Ki‡e bv Ó (74:6) ---GB Avqv‡Z GUv‡KB M~i“Z¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q †hb gvbyl ywbqvi cyi¯‹v‡ii †jv‡f wKQy bv K‡i eis Avj −vnÕi mšËwó AR©‡bi Rb¨ fvj

wKQy Ki‡e| †h e¨w³ Avj −vni Av‡`k †g‡b P‡j I ywbqvq jv‡fi Avkv K‡i bv , †m GKwU D‡Ï‡k¨B Gme wKQy K‡i ---Zv n‡jv Avj −vnÕi mšËwó AR©b| Avj −vn †hb Zv‡K †e‡nk‡Zi evMv‡bi ev›`v wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i †bb| fvj A‡bK KvR GLb Kiv nq ywbqv‡Z cyi®‹vi cvIqvi †jv‡f| †hgb , KL‡bv KL‡bv †Kvb abx e¨vemvqx Mixe‡ì Rb¨ evmv evwb‡q †`q Z_vKw_Z mvnv‡hï bv‡g| Ggb fvb Kiv nq †hb Zvi wb‡Ri G‡Z †Kvb jvf †bB| wKš‘ GUvB mwZ¨ †h , †m Avm‡j cÖPv‡ii †jv‡fB Gme K‡i| Zvi `v‡bi Lei djvI K‡i cÎ-cwÎKvq , wUwfi c ©vq Av‡m ; Zvi †Pnviv evievi †`Lv‡bv nq , eo K‡i bvg I Qwe Qvcv nq ; d‡j Zvi mvnvh¨ Avm‡j i“cvš—wiZ nq wb‡Ri cÖ k©Yx‡Z| GKB mv‡_ , Zvi eëmv cÖwZôvb GB mvnvh¨ †_‡K wb‡R‡ì A‡bK UvKv evwP‡q †d‡j ; †Kbbv , GB mvnv‡hï UKvi AvqKi †_‡K ev` hvq |

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A‡bK mgq , mvnvh¨ cÖv_©xi hv ìKvi , cÖK…Z mvnvh¨ †mfv‡e †`qv nq bv| †hgb , fywgK‡¤ú ¶wZMÖ ’ GjvKvq UªvK fwZ© Lvevi cvVv‡bv n‡jv | wKš‘ , †`Lv †Mj cuPv -evmx Lvevi cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q A_ev me‡P‡q Riƒix †h wRwbl Zv bv cvwV‡q Ggb wKQy cvVv‡bv n‡jv hvi Avm‡j †Zgb ìKvi wQj bv| ivRbxwZwe`‡ì g‡bvfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡j welqwU Av‡iv cwi®‹vi n‡e| ivRbxwZweìv memgq eo Mjvq cÖPvi K‡i †h †`k I †`‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨ Zviv KZUv wb‡ew`ZcÖvY ; wKš‘ hw` Zviv gšÎx wnmv‡e wbe©vwPZ bv nq , ZLb Zviv Avi †mfv‡e †`k I `‡ji ¯v‡_© KvR K‡i bv| G‡ZB eySv hvq , Zviv gy‡L hv e‡j I cªPvi K‡i , Zvi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv ¶gZv I m¤§vb AR©b| G ai‡bi gb-gvbwmKZvi d‡j mgv‡Ri cÖK…Z DcKvi KgB nq| ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq , Gme Kv‡Ri gyj¨ ciKv‡j wed‡j hvq| Avj −vn e‡jb , Ò †n gywgbMY ; hviv Cgvb G‡bQ ; †Zvgiv `v‡bi K_v cÖPvi K‡i I Kó w`‡q †Zvgv‡ì `vb‡K H †jv‡Ki gZ eiev` Ki bv †h wb‡Ri m¤ú` †jvK †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ LiP K‡i Ges Avj −vnÕi cÖwZ I Av‡Liv‡Zi cÖwZ Cgvb iv‡L bv| H †jv‡Ki Zzjbv GKwU gm„Y cv_‡ii gZ hvi Dci wKQy gvwU wQj , Zvici Gi Dci cÖej e„wó ewl©Z nj ; d‡j Zv‡K cwi®‹vi K‡i †i‡L w`j| hv Zviv DcvR©b K‡iwQj , Zvi wKQyB Zviv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avj −vn Kvwdi m¤úª vq‡K c_ ‡`Lvb bv Ó ( myiv evKviv , 2: 264 ) | gvbyl‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi I Avj −vnÕi mš‘wó AR©‡bi Rb¨ Avš—wiK †Póv Ki‡j ciKv‡ji Rb¨ Zv jvfRbK , Kj¨vYKi| GUv Avj −vnÕ Zvjv KyiAv‡b A‡bKevi e‡j‡Qb , Avš—wiK g‡bvfv‡ei cÖwZdj wnmv‡e Avj −vn gvbyl‡K mvd‡jï c‡_ wb‡q hvb ; Ò hviv Avj −vnÕi mš‘w÷ AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ I wb‡R‡ì wPË m„ „p Kivi Rb¨ wbR m¤ú` e¨q K‡i , Zv‡ì D`vniY †Kvb D”P f~wg‡Z Aew¯’Z evMv‡bi gZ; ‡hLv‡b cÖej e„wócvZ nq; d‡j djg~j wØ¸Y R‡b¥| Avi hw` cÖej e„wó bvI nq ZeyI nvjKv el©YB h‡_ó| †Zvgiv hv Ki Avj−vn Zv me †`‡Lb Ó ( myiv evKviv 2: 265 )|

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‡h gvbyl ïaygvÎ Avj −vnÕi mš‘wó Pvq , †m wb‡R‡K fvj KvR Kiv †_‡K ~‡i iv‡L bv I GRb¨ A‡bK Z¨vM ^xKvi Ki‡Z cÖ ËZ _v‡K| †h mgvR ag© †_‡K A‡bK ~‡i Ae ’vb K‡i , Lye ^vfvweKfv‡eB †mLvbKvi gvby‡li g‡b Awek¦v‡mi exR ecb Kiv nq Ges †h †Kvb Z¨v‡Mi wcQ‡b Zviv ¯v‡_©i mÜvb K‡i; mªóvi mš‘wó AR©b ‡m mgv‡R cÖvavb¨ cvq bv , †mLvbKvi gvbyl e¨w³ ^v_©‡K mevi Dc‡i cÖvavb¨ †`q| Ab¨w`‡K , hviv a‡g© wek¦vmx Zviv Avi wKQyB Pvq bv eis Avj −vn‡K mš‘wóB Zv‡ì Kvg¨ _v‡K --Ò(mr Kg©kxjMY nj Zviv , hviv ) gvbœZ c~iY ( KZ©e¨ cvjb ) K‡i I Zviv †mw`b‡K fq K‡i †hw`‡bi Awbó A‡bK we¯Z…Z| Avi Zviv Avnv‡h©i cÖwZ Avmw³ m‡Z¡I wgmKxb , BqvZxg I e›`x‡ì‡K Lv`¨ `vb K‡i| ( Zviv e‡j ) , ÔAvgiv †Zv ïay †Zvgv‡ì‡K Avj −vni mš‘w÷i Rb¨B Lv`¨ `vb Kwi , Avgiv †Zvgv‡ì †_‡K †Kvb cÖwZ`vb I K…ZÁZv Avkv Kwi bv| Avgiv AvksKv Kwi Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki Kv‡Q †_‡K GK fxwZcÖ fqsKi w`‡bi | Õ AZGe , Avj −vn Zv‡ì‡K †mw`‡bi Awbó †_‡K i¶v Ki‡eb I Zv‡ì‡K `vb Ki‡eb Drdzj −Zv I Avb›` .. Ó ( myiv Bbmvb /`vn&i , 76: 7-11 )| ‡h me mgm¨vi mgvavb Ri“ixwfwË‡Z GLbB nIqv ìKvi , †m wel‡q Avj −vni Av‡`k-wb‡ ©‡ki AvqvZ¸wji we —vwiZ weeiY GB eB‡qi cieZ©x Aa¨vq¸wj‡Z ‡`qv n‡q‡Q| GUv covi mgq `qv K‡i g‡b ivL‡eb ,KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Rxeb‡K mvRv‡j me mgm¨vi wPi ’vqx mgvavb n‡e| eZ©gvb mg‡q AmsL¨ welq RU †eu‡a GK wZ³ APj Ae ’vi m„w÷ n‡q‡Q| AmsL¨ M~i“Z¡c~Y© welq¸wji g‡a¨ K‡qKwU n‡jv: `y: ’ -Afvex‡ì ‡eu‡P _vKvi †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb¸wj c~i‡Yi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY ; e„×‡ì h_vh_ wPwKrmv I †mev-h‡Zœi eë ’v MÖnY ; wkï -wK‡kvi‡ì g‡b fvj wPš—v- Av`‡k©i exR ecb Kiv ; cÖvK…wZK ~‡h©v‡M ¶wZMÖ ’ we‡k¦i wewfbœ GjvKvq Riƒix mvnvh¨ cvVv‡bv; Zi“Y‡ì g‡a¨ †h me fyj aviYv Zv‡ì‡K wec‡_ wb‡q hvq , †mme `~i Kiv; †h me cÖPwjZ åvš— , wbôzi gZv`k© hy× I nvRv‡iv wbiciva gvby‡li nZ¨vi Rb¨ `vqx , †m me gZ I Av`k©‡K Quy‡o †djv ; hviv wb‡R‡ì †`‡ki wei“‡× we‡ ªvnx n‡q KvR K‡i , Zv‡ì †gvKv‡ejv Kiv BZ¨vw`|

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Avj −vn gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ D¾¡j Av‡jvi gZ c_ cÖ k©YKvix KyiAvb‡K cvwV‡q‡Qb | wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb GKgvÎ GB c_-wb‡ ©kbvq Av‡Q| ZvB GKgvÎ KyiAv‡bi AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡j Rxe‡b hv hv mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL Avgiv nB , Zvi †_‡K i¶v cv‡ev| Avj −vnÕi wb‡`©wkZ bxwZgvjv †g‡b Pj‡j GB `ywbqvi eyK †_‡K me ai‡bi Aïf wKQz `~i n‡q hv‡e| hw` Ab¨ wKQz Kiv nq , Z‡e gvbyl †¯”Qvq wb‡R‡ì‡K wbôzi GK mgvR eë ’vi g‡a¨ wb‡q hv‡e| gvbyl †h wb‡RB wb‡Ri ¶wZ , GB e¨cv‡i „wó AvKl©Y K‡i Avj −vn e‡jb , gvby‡li K…ZK‡g©i ì“Y ’‡j I mgy‡ ª wech©q Qwo‡q c‡o ; hvi d‡j gvbyl‡K Zv‡ì †Kvb ‡Kvb Kv‡Ri kvw¯— wZwb Av ^v`b Kivb ; hv‡Z Zviv wd‡i Av‡m ( myiv i“g; 30 : 41 ) | cÖÁvgq mgvavb: wewfbœ mgm¨v hvi Kvi‡Y c„w_exi cwi‡ek bó n‡q hv‡”Q , †m me ~i K‡i gvbeZvi Rb¨ Kj¨vY e‡q wb‡q Avm‡Z cÖ‡qvRb †mB ai‡bi mgvavb hv‡Z i‡q‡Q ---Ávb , Aš— „©wó , weP¶YZv BZ¨vw`| GB me êwkó¨ ZLbB AR©b m¤¢e hLb KyiAvb‡K AbymiY Kiv nq| mªóvi cÖwZ wek¦vm †_‡K gvbyl †m Ávb AR©b K‡i| Avj −vn Gi Dci M~i“Z¡ w`‡q e‡j‡Qb , Ò †n gywgbMY; †Zvgiv hw` Avj−vn‡K fq Ki , Zvn‡j Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K b¨vq I Ab¨vq cv_©K¨ Kivi kw³ `vb Ki‡eb , †Zvgv‡ì cvc wgwU‡q †`‡eb| †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¶gv Ki‡eb| Avj −vn n‡jb AZ¨š— g½jgq Ó ( myiv Avbdvj ; 8: 29 )| gvbyl †h me mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL nq , A‡bK mgq †m m‡ei mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wb‡RB D‡`¨vMx nq| hwÌ Zviv Kvw•LZ j‡¶¨ †cuvQv‡Z e¨_© nq ; †Kbbv , ag© wek¦vm †_‡K †h ¯Z:ù‚Z© Ávb , cÖÁv I Aš— ©„wó jvf Kiv hvq , G me gvbyl †m me †_‡K ewÂZ| †mRb¨ , mgm¨vi mgvavb Lyu‡R cvIqv Zv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| wek¦vm †_‡K †h Av‡eMgq AvMÖn I DÏxcbv wek¦vmx gvby‡li g‡b KvR K‡i , †mUvI mªóvi Aw —‡Z¡ Awek¦vmx‡ì g‡a¨ _v‡K bv| ZvB hLb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mgq Zviv mgqgZ c_ Lyu‡R cvq bv , A‡bK mgq wewfbœ mgm¨v RU cvwK‡q G‡Kev‡i APj Ae¯’vi m„wó nq| ‡hgb , mviv c„w_ex‡Z AmsL¨ M„nnxb wkï Ges BqvZxgiv iv —vq iv —vq Rxeb KvUvq| GB c_ wkïiv †hb Aciva P‡K&ªi mv‡_ Rwo‡q bv c‡o Ges †bkv‡Lvi bv n‡q c‡o , †mRb¨ A‡bK ai‡bi Kg©m~PxB MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ , Gme cÖvq mgqB e¨_© e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| ZvB GB wkïivI ax‡i ax‡i Aciva RM‡Zi evwm›`v n‡q hvq|

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KL‡bv ev Ae‡njv I Ah‡Zœ Gme A‡bK wkï AvZœnZ¨v K‡i ev gviv hvq| wewfbœ Kg©m~Pxi cvkvcvwk hw` Gme wkï‡ì g‡b KziAv‡bi Av‡jv †R¡‡j †`qv †hZ , Zvn‡j Aek¨B cwiw ’wZ Ab¨ iKg n‡Zv| †QvU _vK‡ZB Avj −vn‡K fq Ki‡Z wkL‡j , Giv †KD Aciv‡ai w`‡K Suy‡K co‡Zv bv| GQvov , GB wkïiv Ggb gvbyl‡ì gv‡S eo n‡Zv , hviv wb‡Riv †`k I RvwZ‡K m‡e©v”P †mev †`qvi Rb¨ msMÖvg K‡i| Av‡iKwU D`vniY GB welqwU eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e | A‡bK Amy ’ gvbyl Av‡Q , hv‡ì fvj n‡Z A‡bK UvKv ìKvi| hviv abx Zv‡ì UvKv LiP Ki‡Z †Kvb Amyweav †bB ; DbœZ wPwKrmvq Zviv fvj n‡q hvq ; wKš‘ hviv Mixe Zviv ej‡Z †M‡j webv wPwKrmvq gviv hvq | Gme †`‡L †KD wePwjZ nq bv| †mRb¨ †KD GB Ae ’v `~i Ki‡Z Kvh©Kix wKQz Ki‡QI bv| Avj −vn Õi fq , ag©xq cÖÁv gvby‡li g‡a¨ bv _vKvq GgbwU n‡”Q| hviv fvj I Lviv‡ci Zdvr Ki‡Z cv‡i bv , Zviv Gme mgm¨vi mgvav‡b e¨_© nq| Awek¦vmx‡ì g‡a¨ fvj-g‡›ì cv_©K¨ bv †evSvi êwkó¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Avj −vn e‡j‡Qb GB gvbyliv Kx AvPiY K‡i _v‡K -Ò hviv Kzdix K‡i Zv‡ì Dcgv †hgb †Kvb gvbyl Ggb wKQz‡K Wv‡K hv nuvK-WvK Qvov Avi wKQzB ‡kv‡b bv---ewai , g~K , AÜ ; myZivs Zviv wKQz eyS‡e bv Ó ( myiv evKviv; 2: 171 )| KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`k© †g‡b P‡j ‡h me gvbyl , Zviv Áv‡bi Av‡jvq m¤ú‡ì Dbœqb I h_vc_ c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i mgvav‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ‡h me ms¯’v G ai‡bi gvby‡li †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ nq , Zviv Gme nZfvM¨‡ì fvM¨ Dbœq‡b A‡bK Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ_gZ: gvbyl‡K mZK© Ki‡Z n‡e Gme mgm¨vi fqvenZvi e¨cv‡i; Zv‡ì‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb m¤ú‡K©| †hgb , wKQz abx I ag©fxi“ eëmvqx M„nnxb ev”Pv‡ì Rb¨ Avkªq‡K› ª evbv‡Z cv‡ib Ges Zv‡ì cov‡kvbvi eë ’v K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib| G eë¯’v Ki‡Z †h †Kvb mvaviY ms¯’vB h‡_ó|

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KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© Mov GKwU mgv‡R G ai‡bi mgm¨v wPiZ‡i eÜ n‡q hv‡e G ai‡bi ev —em¤§Z c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi Rb¨| cÖwZ ^”Qj cwievi GKwU K‡i Mixe ev”Pvi cov‡kvbvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q KziAv‡bi g~j¨‡eva I cÖÁvq †e‡o DVv gvby‡liv me ai‡bi mgm¨viB †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z m¶g| GKBfv‡e , Mixe †ivMx‡ì Rb¨ GKwU wPwKrmv dvÛ MVb Kiv hvq| GRb¨ , MVYg~jK I Drcv`bkxj LvZ¸wj‡Z c„w_exi m¤c‡ì m‡e©v”P eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e ; m¤ú‡ì wZjgvÎ AcPq Kiv hv‡e bv| Avj −vn KyiAv‡b gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K G ai‡bi AvPiY `vex K‡ib| †h me gvbyl NUbvejx‡K wbqš¿Y K‡ib , Zviv wb‡R‡ì eyw× I we‡eK w`‡q ª“Z †h †Kvb mgm¨vi APjve ’v‡K wPwýZ Ki‡eb Ges mgvavb Ki‡eb| A‡bK mgq gvbyl eyS‡Z e¨_© nq †Kv_vq GKwU eë ’vi ev_©Zv ev Zviv fvb K‡i bv †evSvi| KL‡bv hw` cwiw ’wZ Zv‡ì g‡b we‡e‡Ki Zvobv ev Aby‡kvPbvi m„wó K‡i , ZL‡bv Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i bv Kx Kiv DwPr A_ev †Kvb D‡`¨vM †bIqvi Rb¨ Zviv LyeB Ajm| Zviv g‡bi kvwš— bó Ki‡Z Pvq bv ; ZvB †ekx¶Y Gi †cQ‡b Zviv mgq I kªg bó K‡i bv| hvi †hgb mva¨ i‡q‡Q , Zv‡K w`‡q hw` †miKg KvR we‡eKevb I Ávbx gvbyliv Kiv‡Z cv‡ib , Z‡e cvnvo cÖgvY mgm¨viI Lye ª“ZB mgvavb m¤¢e| gvbyl‡K fvj Kv‡R Drmvn ‡`qvUv KyiAv‡b AZ¨š— cÖksmv Kiv n‡q‡Q- Ò†KD †Kvb fvj Kv‡Ri mycvwik Ki‡j Zv‡Z Zvi Ask _vK‡e I †KD †Kvb g›` Kv‡Ri mycvwik Ki‡j Zv‡Z Zvi Ask _vK‡e| Avj −vn me wel‡q bRi iv‡Lb Ó ( myiv wbmv; 4: 85 )| Gi wecixZ AvPiY‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Awek¦vmx‡ì êwkó¨ Ges G‡K Ab¨vq ejv n‡q‡Q- Ò ...eis †Zvgiv BqvZxg‡K m¤§vb K‡iv bv I †Zvgiv Afvex‡ì‡K Lv`¨ `v‡b G‡K Ab¨‡K Drmvn `vI bv , Ges †Zvgiv DËivwaKvix‡ì cÖvc¨ m¤ú` cy‡iv †L‡q †d‡jv .. Ó ( myiv dRi; 89 : 17-20) |

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KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© Rxeb Mo‡j b¨vqwePvi cÖwZwôZ nq: Ò wbðqB Avj −vn Av‡`k K‡ib b¨vqwePvi , fvj AvPiY Ges AvZœxq ^Rb‡K `vb Kivi| Avi wZwb wb‡la K‡ib Ak−xjZv , Am½Z KvR I Aeva¨Zv Ki‡Z| wZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K Dc‡`k †`b hv‡Z †Zvgiv wk¶v MÖnY K‡iv Ó

( myiv bvnj ; 16: 90 )|

myk„•Lj mgvR-eë ’v Mo‡Z b¨vq-wePvi Ab¨Zg M~i“Z¡c~Y© Dcv`vb| cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡kB wbR ^ wePvi eë ’v Pvjy i‡q‡Q| cÖPwjZ wePvi eë ’vq bvbv †`vl I e¨_©Zv i‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y , GKwU Av`k© wePvi eë ’vi mÜvb K‡i †divUv †kl n‡”Q bv|

Av`k© wePvi eë ’vi gyj êwkó¨ n‡jv: Ggb GKwU ixwZ Pvjy Kiv †hLv‡b cª‡Z¨‡K wb‡Ri K…ZKg© Abyhvqx cÖwZdj cv‡e| †KD †KvbiKg Ab¨vq ev êl‡gï wkKvi n‡e bv| hwÌ bZzb , bZzb c×wZ MÖnY , wewfbœfv‡e Zvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv ; bvbv ai‡bi cwiKíbv MÖnY mgv‡b Pj‡Q, ZeyI h_v_© b¨vq-wePvi cÖwZôv Kiv GL‡bv eû ~‡ii welq n‡q i‡q‡Q|

G ai‡bi cwiw ’wZi Rb¨ mgv‡Ri ˆbwZKZvi Aa:cZb A‡bKUvB `vqx | Avj −vnÕi wb‡`©wkZ gyj¨‡eva‡K ¯xK…wZ bv †`qvi GKwU mvaviY cwiYvg n‡jv GB Aa:cZ‡bi Rb¨ mgv‡R RyqvPzwi , Nyl , cÖZviYv , AwePvi I bvbv ai‡bi Aïf KvR Pvjy n‡q hvq | Avgv‡ì †ivRKvi Rxe‡bB G ai‡bi D`vniY cÖPzi i‡q‡Q| eëmv RM‡Z G ai‡bi NUbv Anin N‡U †h , †Kvb cÖZviK Zvi eëmv‡qi Askx`vi ev eÜz‡K VwK‡q Zvi UvKv-cqmv , evwo-Ni , `vgx Mvwo AvZœmvr K‡i wb‡”Q| `xN©w`‡bi eÜzZ¡ , eÜzi RvMwZK I gvbwmK ¶wZ BZ¨vw` †Kvb wKQyi fvebvB cÖZviK‡K wePwjZ K‡i bv| eÜzZ¡ , cvwievwiK gyj¨‡eva , ag©xq †PZbv , mvgvwRK m¤úK© , DËg ˆbwZKZv BZ¨vwì †Kvb g~j¨B e¨w³¯v‡_© GB cÖZviK †`q bv| ‡h †Kvb ai‡bi m¤úK©B GB e¨w³wU Kv‡iv mv‡_ cÖwZôv K‡i ,Zv nq †mB GKB gZv`‡k© †Kbbv Avj −vn †h Zvi K…ZKg© m¤ú‡K© me Rv‡bb I GKw`b †h Zv‡K mewKQyi Rb¨ `vqe× n‡Z n‡e , †mB †evaUzKz GB gvbylwUi Kv‡RK‡g© †gv‡UI cÖwZdwjZ nq bv|

26

Zvi KL‡bv g‡b nq bv †h cÖZviYv GKwU Ab¨vq A‰bwZK KvR I gvby‡li mv‡_ AwePv‡ii mvwgj| bx‡Pi D`vniY welqwU Av‡iv cwi®‹vifv‡e eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| †h gvbyl wek¦vm K‡i , cÖZviYv GKwU RNb¨ Aciva , †m memgq GB Aciva †_‡K wb‡R‡K ~‡i ivL‡e| †jv‡f c‡o e¨w³ ^v‡_© †KD hw` Kv‡iv wei“‡× wg_¨v ^v¶¨ ev wbiciva Kv‡iv bv‡g wb›`v iUvq , ZLb †m †Kvb bv †Kvb GKUv ARynv‡Zi Avkªq †bq| wKš‘ , †h Kvi‡YB †m GgbwU Ki“K bv †Kb , wbiciva Kv‡iv wei“‡× e`bvg iUbv me †¶‡ÎB g›` GKwU KvR| Dc‡i ewYZ© cÖZviYvg~jK wPÎ mgv‡R ZLbB †ekx K‡i †`Lv hvq , hLb gvbyl fq cvq †h Zv‡ì ^v_© wecbœ n‡Z P‡j‡Q| GB hyw³ ev Abyf~wZ †Pvi , cÖZviK , wbh©vZbKvix‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| bvbv ai‡bi ¯^v_©ci wPš—v wb‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi ˆbwZKZvnxb gvbyl †m mgv‡R evm K‡i , †mLv‡b AwePvi , ^v‡_©i msNvZ , wek„•Ljv wKQy‡ZB Gov‡bv hv‡e bv| Z‡e , hZ ai‡bi cÖ‡jvfB _vKzK bv †Kb , †h gvbylwU KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© Rxeb KvUvq , †m KL‡bvB wb‡R‡K GK`g bxPz —‡i bvwg‡q G‡b Ab¨vq Kv‡R wjß n‡e bv ev Ggb wKQy Ki‡e bv , hv KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k©i mv‡_ wgj Lvq bv| hvi g‡b Avj −vnÕi m¤ú‡K© cÖPÛ fxwZ i‡q‡Q , †m KL‡bvB GUv fyj‡e bv †h Zvi Rxe‡bi me Kv‡Ri Ges me K_viB wnmve Avj −vnÕi Kv‡Q Av‡Q| g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ae¶q hLb N‡U A_©vr gvbyl hLb wb‡Ri ¯v_©‡KB †ekx cÖvavb¨ †`q , ZLb Zvi cÖwZdjb N‡U bvbv ai‡bi AwePv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q| wb‡Ri m¤ú` evov‡bv I i¶v Ki‡ZB A‡bK gvbyl m`v-me© v e¨ — _v‡K| Afvex‡ì cÖ‡qvRb‡K D‡c¶v K‡i Zviv| wecbœ‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †KD GwM‡q Av‡m bv| G m‡ei GKgvÎ mgvavb n‡jv: gvby‡li g‡a¨ KyiAv‡bi Av`k© I g~j¨‡eva‡K Qwo‡q †`qv| †Kbbv , KyiAv‡b Avj −vn b¨vq-wePvi Ki‡Z I ‡kªôZi Av`k© †g‡b Pj‡Z wek¦vmx‡ì ûKyg w`‡q‡Qb .... Ò I‡n hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Qv| †Zvgiv b¨vqwePv‡i „p cÖwZwôZ _v‡Kv ; Avj−vnÕi Iqv‡ — b¨vqm½Z mv¶¨ `vb K‡iv hwÌ Zv‡Z

†Zvgv‡ì wb‡Ri wKsev wcZv-gvZv I AvZœxq ^R‡bi ¶wZ nq ZeyI| †KD hw` abx A_ev Mixe nq , Avj −vn Zv‡ì ïfvKv•Lx †Zvgvi †P‡q †ekx| AZGe , †Zvgiv wePvi K‡iZ wM‡q wicyi Kvgbv evmbvi AbymiY K‡iv bv| Avi hw` †Zvgiv Nywi‡q-‡cuwP‡q K_v e‡jv wKsev cvk KvwU‡q hvI , Z‡e Avj −vn †Zvgv‡ì me KvR m¤ú‡K©B Rv‡bb ( myiv wbmv : 4: 135 )|

27

Ò wbðqB Avj−vn Av‡`k K‡ib b¨vqwePvi Kivi I m`vPi‡Yi Ges AvZœxq¯Rb‡K `vb Kivi| Avi wZwb wb‡la K‡ib Ak−xjZv , Am½Z KvR I Aeva¨Zv Ki‡Z| wZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K Dc‡`k †`b hv‡Z †Zvgiv wk¶v MÖnY K‡iv Ó ( myiv bvnj ; 16: 90 )|

†h mgv‡R b¨vqwePvi m¤ú‡K© gvbyl KyiAv‡bi Dc‡i D‡j−wLZ AvqvZ¸wj †_‡K wk¶v †bq , †mLv‡b Ab¨vq-AwePvi nq bv| Kvib , †hLv‡b KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`k© cÖwZdwjZ nq , †mLv‡b „pZvi mv‡_ b¨v‡qi P”P©v Kiv Acwinvh©| mgv‡R b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôvi mgq Acivaxi cwievi , AvZœxq¯^Rb , mvgvwRK gh©v`v ev Ab¨ †Kvb wKQy cÖfve we —vi Ki‡e bv| GLbKvi mgvReë ’vq AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvM G‡KK RvqMvq G‡KKfv‡e Kiv nq | A‡bK mgq , UvKv-cqmv I mvgvwRK cÖwZcwËi Kvi‡Y A‡bK Acivax bvggvÎ kvw — cvq ev KL‡bv Zvi Aciva‡K m¤ú~Y© D‡c¶v Kiv nq| †h mgv‡R b¨vqwePvi Av‡Q , †mLv‡b †Kvb Acivax A_© , mvgvwRK gh©v`v I cÖwZcwËi Kvi‡Y kvw — †_‡K ‡invB cvIqvi m¤¢vebv †bB| mš—vb , m¤ú` , gh©v`vi Kvi‡Y KL‡bvB b¨v‡qi c_ †_‡K m‡i Avmv hv‡e bv| b¨vqwePvi bv _vK‡j mgv‡R Kx Kx mgm¨v †`Lv †`q ? 1. wg_¨v kc_ I wg_¨v mv¶¨ `vb †e‡o hv‡e- b¨vqwePvi Kivi Rb¨ mZ¨ Kx , †mUv

Rvb‡Z nq| ZvB mv¶xiv G‡¶‡Î AZ¨š— M~i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| cÖZ¨¶`kx©‡ì mv‡¶ï Dci wfwË K‡i mZ¨-wg_¨v wbY©q K‡i A‡bK †K‡mi gxgvsmv mn‡RB Kiv hvq | †h mgv‡R KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`‡k©i cÖwZdjb †bB , †mLv‡b mv¶x‡ì K_vi Dci wfwË K‡i mZ¨‡K Luy‡R cvIqv m¤¢e nq bv| KviY hvi g‡b KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`k© †bB , †mB gvbyl UvKv ev Ab¨ †Kvb my‡hv‡Mi †jv‡f Abvqv‡m wg_¨v ej‡e | k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡mi gZ AwZ ^vfvweK Kv‡Ri gZ †m wg_¨v mv¶¨ †`‡e| GUv Kivi mgq fvj fvj me Av`k©‡K wg_¨vev`x gyL wdwi‡q †bq ; †hgb , mZ¨ K_v ejv , wbiciva gvby‡li c¶ Aej¤b Kiv BZ¨vw`| KL‡bv KL‡bv gvbyl wewfbœ †K‡m mv¶¨ †`‡Z hvq bv ; hwÌ Zvi mv¶¨ nq‡Zv H wbw ©ó †KmwUi gxgvsmvi Rb¨ AZ¨š— M~i“Z¡c~Y© wQj| A‡hŠw³K wKQy ARynvZ Kíbv K‡i wb‡q gvbyl Ggb K‡i| †hgb, †Kvb Sv‡gjvq hv‡Z bv co‡Z nq ev †Kvb AcÖxwZKi cwiw ’wZi gy‡LvgywL †hb bv n‡Z nq BZ¨vw`|

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Avj −vn KyiAv‡bi Avqv‡Z mZ¨ cÖKv‡ki Dci M~i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb .. Ò Avi †Zvgiv mv¶¨ †Mvcb Ki‡e bv| †h †KD Zv †Mvcb Ki‡e , Aek¨B Zvi Aš—i n‡e cvcc~Y© | †Zvgiv hv K‡iv , †m wel‡q Avj−vn meB Rv‡bb Ó (myiv evKviv ; 2: 283)| Kv‡iv cÖwZ N„Yv I we‡Ø‡li Rb¨ A‡bK mgq gvbyl cÖ‡ivwPZ nq wg_¨v mv¶¨ w`‡Z| wg_¨v K_v e‡j I cÖK…Z Z_¨‡K weK…Z K‡i Giv b¨vqwePv‡ii c‡_ evavi m„wó K‡i| mZ¨ K_v ejvi ZvwM` nv`x‡mI G‡m‡Q| Avj−vni ivmyj nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) e‡j‡Qb , m‡Zï c‡_ AwePwjZ _v‡Kv , †Kbbv mZ¨ mr Kv‡Ri w`‡K wb‡q hvq I mr KvR gvbyl‡K wb‡q hvq †e‡nk‡Zi evMv‡b| hw` †Kvb gvbyl memgq mZ¨ K_v e‡j I mZ¨‡KB Zvi j¶¨ ’‡j cwiYZ K‡i , Avj −vni Dcw ’wZ‡Z Zv‡K D”P gh©v`vkxj‡ì Aš—f©y³ Kiv nq| ‡Zvgiv wg_¨v‡K Z¨vM K‡iv ;†Kbbv wg_¨v Lvivc Kv‡Ri c‡_ wb‡q hvq Ges Lvivc KvR gvbyl‡K Av¸‡bi g‡a¨ wb‡q hvq| hw` †Kvb gvbyl memgq wg_¨v ej‡Z _v‡K Ges wg_¨v‡K wb‡Ri j¶¨ evwb‡q †d‡j , Z‡e Avj−vnÕi Dcw ’wZ‡Z Zv‡K cÖPÛ wg_ yK wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡e| - UxKv 1 ( gymwjg ; LÛ 4, nv`xm 6309 ) ‡h gvby‡liv KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`‡k© evm K‡i bv , Zviv b¨vqwePvi K‡i bv| we‡kl K‡i , hLb Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì ¯v_© I Av‡eM G‡Z RwoZ _v‡K| Zviv KL‡bv wg_¨v mv¶¨ †`qvi cwiYv‡gi K_v wPš—v K‡i bv| Zv‡ì GKev‡iv g‡b nq bv †h , wePvi A‡bK w`b a‡i Pj‡j GKRb wbiciva gvbyl‡K e›`x`kvq KZ bv Kó †c‡Z nq| GKRb wbicivax hLb wg_¨v gvgjvq †Rj Lv‡U , ZLb Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì KZ bv †fvMvwš— nq| wg_¨v mv¶¨`vZv GB me wbiciva `wÛZ gvbyl‡ì RvqMvq wb‡R‡K Kíbv K‡i bv Ges wPš—v K‡i bv †h GB Ae ’v Zvi wb‡Ri fv‡M¨ NU‡j ZLb †Kgb jvM‡Zv| gvbyl wewfbœ Ae ’vi ga¨ w`‡q †h AwfÁZv jvf K‡i , KyiAv‡b Avj −vn Zv‡K we‡kl we‡ePbvq wb‡q‡Qb I wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb †h cwiw ’wZ hvB _vKzb bv ‡Kb , b¨vqwePvi Ki‡Z n‡e -Ò †n gywgbMY , †Zvgiv Avj −vnÕi D‡Ï‡k¨ b¨vq mv¶¨ `v‡bi

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e¨vcv‡i AwePj _vK‡e Ges †Kvb m¤cÖ v‡qi kÎ“Zvi Kvi‡Y KLbI b¨vqwePvi cwiZ¨vM K‡iv bv| mywePvi K‡iv GUvB ZvKIqvi ( Avj −vn fxwZi ) wbKUZi| Avj −vn‡K fq K‡iv| †Zvgiv hv K‡iv , wbðqB Avj −vn †m wel‡q me wKQy Rv‡bbÓ ( myiv gvwq`v ; 5: 8) | AwePvi hv‡Z bv nq , †mRb¨ Avj −vni ivmyj nhiZ †gvnv¤§` ( `: ) e‡j‡Qb , hLb †i‡M Av‡Qv , ZLb ev`x-weev`xi g‡a¨ wePvi-dvqmvjv Ki‡e bv - UxKv 2 (gymwjg ; LÛ 3, nv`xm 4264 ) | KL‡bv f‡q , KL‡bv †jv‡f c‡o wKQy gvbyl mZ¨ I b¨v‡qi c_ †_‡K ~‡i m‡i hvq| GKgvÎ KyiAv‡bi Av`k©B Zv‡ì‡K mwVK c_-wb‡ ©kbv w`‡Z cv‡i| fq-fxwZ ev cÖ‡jvfb --‡Kvb wKQyB GKRb gvbyl‡K Ab¨vq wKQy Ki‡Z †`‡e bv ; †Kbbv , †m Rv‡b †h Avj −vn Zv‡K cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© wN‡i i‡q‡Qb| wek¦vmxiv Rv‡b †h , †Kqvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡ì cÖwZwU Lvivc KvR I cÖ‡Z¨KwU Lvivc K_vi Rb¨ Avj−vnÕi Kv‡Q `vqx n‡Z n‡e| Avj −vn e‡jb , cig Ki“Yvg‡qi `v‡miv wg_¨v mv¶¨ †`q bv- Ò hviv wg_¨v mv¶¨ †`q bv Ges hw` †eû`v Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv‡` wM‡q c‡o , Z‡e f ªfv‡e Zv Gwo‡q P‡j| Ó ( myiv dziKvb: 25: 72) Av‡iKwU welq D‡j −L‡hvM¨ ; Zv n‡jv -hviv b¨v‡qi †_‡K e¨w³ ^v_©‡K †ekx M~i“Z¡ †`q , GKw`b Zv‡ìI GKB ai‡bi wec` NU‡Z cv‡i| †mw`b wbðqB AwePv‡ii wkKvi n‡q Zviv LyeB Akvwš— †fvM Ki‡e Ges wbf©i‡hvM¨ mv¶xi †Luv‡R Zv‡ì‡K †ei n‡Z n‡e , †h mZ¨‡K weK…Z Ki‡e bv| hviv GB ai‡bi AwfÁZvi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z Pvb bv , Zv‡ì DwPr Avj−vn'i Av‡`‡ki K_v cÖPvi Kiv I K‡Vvifv‡e KyiAv‡bi gyj bxwZ¸wji †g‡b Pjv | 2| UvKv I c`-gh©v`v w`‡q gvbyl‡K wePvi Kiv:- ‡h mgv‡R KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`‡k© cwiPvwjZ nq bv , †mLv‡b gvbyl‡K hvPvB Kivi cÖavb gvb`Û nq UvKv I mvgvwRK gh©v`v| me ai‡bi gvby‡li g‡a¨ GB gvbwmKZv

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Qwo‡q c‡o| †hgb, ‡µZv‡ì cÖwZ †`vKvbx‡ì g‡bvfve I AvPiY we‡k −lY Ki‡j GwU †evSv hv‡e| GKB mg‡q GKwU ‡`vKv‡b yÕRb †µZv G‡jI †`vKvbx †mB †µZvi w`‡KB †ekx g‡bv‡hvM †`‡e , †h abx| Ab¨ †µZv hv‡K †`‡L ZZUv abx g‡b n‡”Q bv eis GKUz ga¨weË ev MixeB ejv P‡j , †m GKB wRwbl GKB `v‡gB wKb‡e ZeyI †m †`vKvbxi KvQ †_‡K ZZUv f ª I m¤§vbRbK AvPiY cv‡e bv| †cvkvK I PvKwPK¨ †`‡L †`vKvbx †µZvi mv‡_ Kx AvPiY Ki‡e , Zv wVK K‡i| gvbyl‡K m¤§vb Kivi GB †h gvcKvwV , Zv †h gvbyl KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© P‡j Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| †h wek¦vmx †m Ab¨ GKR‡bi mv‡_ fvj eënvi K‡i ïaygvÎ GBRb¨ †h , †m Ò gvbyl Ó | †Kvb ¶wZKi êlg¨ bxwZ w`‡q †m Zvi Pvicv‡ki gvbyl‡K wePi K‡i bv| KvD‡K m¤§vb †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Zvi G iKg †Kvb cÖZx‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb †bB| GKRb abx †nvK& ev Mixe , Kuy‡o N‡i _vKzK ev cÖvmv‡` ---Zv‡Z wKQyB hvq Av‡m bv| GKR‡bi `vgx †cvkvK , my›ì †Pnviv , bvgKiv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K m¤§vbm~PK †Kvb wWMÖx , mvgvwRK Ae ’vb A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb gh©v`vi cÖZxK ag©wek¦vmxi Kv‡Q †Kvb gyj¨ †bB| KyiAv‡b Avj −vn e‡j‡Qb , gvbyl‡K fvjevmvi gvcKvwV n‡jv Avj−vnÕi cÖwZ Zvi wek¦vm I ˆbK‡Uï gvÎv| 3| wk¶v ‡¶‡Î mgm¨v : me gvby‡liB AwaKvi Av‡Q wk¶v MÖn‡Yi | ag© , fvlv , eY© ev mvgvwRK Ae ’vb hvB †nvK bv †K , cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Ávb P”P©v Kivi `vex iv‡L| mvgvwRK AwePvi Aek¨ GgbwU n‡Z †`q bv| G‡¶‡Î Ggb me mgm¨vi D™¢e n‡q‡Q , hvi mgvavb Ri“ixwfwË‡Z nIqv ìKvi| G‡¶‡Î me‡P‡q cÖavb mgm¨v n‡jv , mgv‡Ri cÖwZwU m`‡mï Rb¨ webv †eZ‡b cov‡kvbvi myweav bv _vKv| A‡bK †`‡kB Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y AmsL¨ wkï , wK‡kvi mywk¶v cvq bv| Aí wKQy fvj ¯‹zj msiw¶Z _v‡K mgv‡Ri msL¨vjwMô abx cwiev‡ii mš—vb‡ì Rb¨| mvaviY cwiev‡ii ev”Pviv Lye KgB Zv‡ì †hgbwU cÖ‡qvRb †Zgb wk¶v cvq bv| GB †cÖ¶vc‡U , abxiv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e DbœZ wk¶v cvq , hLb Mixeiv †mUzKzB cvq hZUzKz cÖPwjZ mgvReë ’v Zv‡ì‡K w`‡q _v‡K|

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fvj ¯‹z‡j M‡elYvMvi I Ab¨vb¨ ch©vß wk¶vg~jK DcKi‡Yi mvnvh¨ ev”Pv‡ì cov‡kvbv fvj nq| Ab¨w`‡K wKQy ¯‹z‡j ch©vß my‡hvM-myweav bv _vKvq Zv ev”Pv‡ì AMÖMwZi c‡_ A‡bK Amyweavi m„wó K‡i| †h †hB †¶‡Î cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z Pvq ,†mB welq wb‡q Zv‡K co‡Z †`qv DwPr| GUv cÖgvwYZ , †h wk¶v eë ’vq wk¶v_©xiv wb‡R‡ì cQ›`gZ welq wb‡q co‡Z cv‡i| †mLv‡b Zvi `¶Zv e„w× cvq Ges mgv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv A‡bK †ekx DcKvix I MVbg~jK| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Ae ’vi †cÖw¶‡Z A‡b‡KB cov‡kvbv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv ev Ggb wKQy co‡Z eva¨ nq hv‡Z Zvi †gv‡UI AvMÖn †bB& KyiAv‡bi Av`k© hv wewfbœ mvgvwRK mgm¨v‡K wPwýZ K‡i I mgvavb †`q , †mB Av`k© †gvZv‡eK Pj‡j Ach©vß wk¶v myweavi D™¢eB NU‡e bv| KyiAv‡bi ÁvbMf© wb‡ ©k †g‡b Pj‡j gvbyl wk¶vmn Rxe‡bi me —‡ii mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| †Kbbv , †m mgv‡R _vK‡e bv Mixe I abxi g‡a¨ †Kvb AwbóKi cv_©K¨| †Kbbv , Av‡MB D‡j −L Kiv n‡q‡Q-hviv Avj −vn‡K fvjev‡m Zviv DØ„Ë m¤ú` Mixe‡ì y:L `~i Ki‡Z `vb K‡i †`q| Gme m¤ú` GKmv‡_ hLb wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ e¨q nq , †hgb: wk¶v ev Rb ^v ’ Lv‡Z , ZLb Gme mgm¨v mgvav‡b †ekx mgq jv‡M bv| cy‡iv c„w_ex Ry‡o Gfv‡e DØ„Ë m¤ú` wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ hw` `vb Kiv nq , Zvn‡j abx I Mixe †`k¸wji g‡a¨ †h êlg¨ i‡q‡Q , Zv Ny‡P hv‡e| abx †`k¸wj Zv‡ì AwZwi³ m¤ú` AbybœZ †`k¸wj‡Z ‡`‡e cÖwZ`v‡bi Avkv bv K‡i| mgm¨v mgvav‡bi eë ’v Kiv GKwU M~i“Z¡c~Y© KvR Ges gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ mgm¨v mgvav‡b KvR Kiv KZ©e¨| †Kbbv ,Zi“Y cÖRb¥‡K KyiAv‡bi wk¶v †`qv I KziAv‡bi gZv`‡k© Rxeb Mo‡Z wb‡`©kbv †`qvi `vwqZ¡ gymjgvb‡ì| GB ai‡bi wk¶v Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú©‡K gvbyl‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡i I Zv‡ì‡K Avj−vnÕi wb`k©bvejx †`Lvq GB c„w_ex‡Z I gnvwe‡k¦| GUv bv n‡j , bZzb cÖRb¥ , Giv ag©wek¦vmnxb gZv`‡k©i wkKvi n‡e I †`k , gvbyl I a‡g©i Rb¨ †Kvb Kj¨vY e‡q Avb‡e bv| †QvU‡ejvq mwVK wk¶v bv †c‡j eo n‡j gvbyl ag©nxb Rxeb †e‡Q †bq I a‡g©i Kj¨vY †_‡K ew”TZ nq I wec‡_ P‡j hvq| Aek¨B , GKRb gvbyl †h Avj −vn‡K fq K‡i I ‡h we‡eKm¤úbœ , †m GgbwU Ki‡e bv| 4| bvix I cyi“‡li g‡a¨ mgZvi Afve:

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‡h mgv‡R b¨vq-wePvi †bB, bvix I cyi“‡li g‡a¨ êlg¨ †mLv‡b GKwU ¸i“Zi mvgvwRK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| A‡bK †`‡kB , †g‡qiv wØZxq †kªYxi bvMwiK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq , KL‡bv ev mgv‡Ri evB‡ii AbvKvw•LZ †KD wnmv‡e Zviv wbM„nxZ nq| ~e©j , AvkªqcÖv_x© wnmv‡e g‡b K‡i A‡bK mgqB bvix‡ì Dci bvbv AZv¨Pvi P‡j|

GKB Kvi‡Y mgv‡R Zviv Ggb ’v‡b Avm‡Z cv‡i bv †hLvb †_‡K KZ…©Z¡ Kiv hvq ev A‡bï kª×v AR©b Kiv hvq| †h mgv‡R G ai‡bi K‚-ms¯‹vi cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q , †mLv‡b †g‡q‡ì‡K mdj eëmvqx wnmv‡e mn‡R †g‡b †bqv nq bv| †g‡q‡ì‡K mvaviYfv‡e g‡b Kiv nq , Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AvZœwek¦v‡mi Afve i‡q‡Q , msK‡íi „pZv †bB Ges eyw× Kg| †g‡q‡ì m¤ú‡K© G ai‡bi wKQy cÖPwjZ f~j aviYv

mgv‡R Pvj~ Av‡Q Ges hLbB †Kvb †g‡q †Kvb fyj K‡i ,ZLb †mUv‡K H fyj aviYvi mv‡_ GK K‡i †`vlUv‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv nq|

wKš‘ , mwZ¨ K_v n‡jv , Kv‡R K‡g© H GKB f~j cyi“l‡ìI nq| †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Av‡e`bKvix‡ì g‡a¨ bvix I cyi“l Df‡q _vK‡j mvaviYZ cyi“l‡ì‡KB AMÖvwaKvi †`qv nq ; hwÌ nq‡Zv Ab¨ gwnjv cÖv_xiI GKB `¶Zv ,†hvM¨Zv I eyw× i‡q‡Q|

Gme Kvi‡Y , eëmv †¶‡Î †g‡q‡ì Rb¨ my‡hvM-myweav LyeB mxwgZ| †ekxifvM †g‡q‡KB Gme cÖPwjZ wei“× aviYvi wkKvi n‡Z nq| cÖPwjZ a¨vY-aviYvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgv‡R †g‡q‡ì‡K nxb ev †MŠY f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z nq| cÖPwjZ

K‚-ms¯‹v‡ii ì“Y GB wj½ êl‡gï cÖfve AbybœZ †`k¸wj‡Z j¶¨ Kiv hvq|

wk¶v I Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î cÖvc¨ myweav †fvM Kivi †Zv cÖkœB †bB , †g‡qiv Ggb Kx wb‡R‡ì we‡qi e¨cv‡iI †Kvb wm×vš— wb‡Z cv‡i bv| †g‡q‡ì Rxe‡bi †h †Kvb wm×vš— MÖn‡Y fywgKv iv‡L wcZv ev ^vgx| Gme mgm¨v ~i Ki‡Z bvbv ai‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| gvÎ K‡qKwUi D‡j −L GLv‡b Kiv n‡jv: - bvix‡ì AwaKvi i¶vq ms ’v MVY Kiv nq ; bvbv ai‡bi gZev` Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q †hgb: bvix ¯vaxbZv , bvixi mgvb AwaKvi BZ¨vw`|

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G ai‡bi bvixev`x Av‡›`vjb A_ev mfv -‡mwgbvi-fvlY BZ¨vw` bvix‡ì mgm¨v mgvav‡b †Zgb †Kvb f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv| G ai‡bi cÖ‡Póv mgm¨v‡K eis Av‡iv RwUj K‡i‡Q| GUvB ^vfvweK| †Kbbv , cÖK…Z mgvavb GKgvÎ cvK-KyiAv‡bB i‡q‡Q| KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`k© †g‡b Pjv nq †h mgv‡R , †mLv‡b †Kvb ¶wZKi ms¯‹vi ev g‡Zi ekeZ©x n‡q Kv‡iv cÖwZ †Kvb êlg¨ Kiv nq bv --‡m bvix ev cyi“l , abx , Mixe , ZiƒY ev e„× †hB †nvK bv †Kb| mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb , ‡ckv , m¤ú` , bvix ev cyi“l †f‡` †KD wbw ©ó †Kvb we‡kl myweav †fvM K‡i bv| hviv fvj KvR K‡i I Avj −vn‡K fq K‡i P‡j , Zviv Ab¨‡ì †_‡K Avjv`v|

G‡ì m¤ú‡K© myiv evKvivq ejv n‡q‡Q , Ò ...Ges †Zvgiv cv‡_q mv‡_ bvI ; Z‡e me‡P‡q DËg cv‡_q n‡jv ZvKIqv| Ó ( 2: 197 ) |

cweÎ KyiAv‡b bvix I cyi“l‡K c¶cvwZZ¡ Kiv nq wb| hviv mr K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ †mB me wek¦vmx bvix I cyi“l‡K Avj−vn GKB mv‡_ m‡¤vab K‡i‡Qb | Avj −vnÕi wb‡ ©wkZ c‡_ Pjvi Dci KyiAv‡b †Rvi †`qv n‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î , bvix I cyi“‡l cv_©K¨ Kiv nq wb| wek¦vmx bvix , cyi“l‡K †h mg — Avqv‡Z Avj −vnÕi Av‡`k †g‡b Pj‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q , †m¸wj n‡jv: -Ò gywgb bi I gywgb bvix G‡K Ac‡ii eÜz| Zviv fvj Kv‡Ri wb‡ ©k †`q Ges g›` KvR †_‡K weiZ iv‡L , mvjvZ Kv‡qg K‡i , hvKvZ †`q I AvbyMZ¨ K‡i Avj −vn I Zuvi ivmy‡ji| G‡ìB Dci Avj −vn ingZ el©Y Ki‡eb| wbðqB Avj −vn cÖej cÖZvckvjx , †nKgZIqvjv| Avj −vn cÖwZkªwZ w`‡q‡Qb gywgb bi I gywgb bvix‡K Rvbœv‡Zi , cÖevwnZ nq hvi Zj‡`‡k bnimg~n , †m_vq Zviv Abš—Kvj _vK‡e I wPi ’vqx Rvbœv‡Z _vK‡e DËg evm ’vb| Avj−vn mš‘wóB me©‡kªô †bqvgZ| GUvB gnv mvdj¨ Ó

( myiv ZIev ; 9: 71-72 )|

Ò wbðqB gymwjg cyi“l I gymwjg bvix , gywgb cyi“l I gywgb bvix ,AbyMZ cyi“l I AbyMZ bvix , mZëv`x cyi“l I mZëv`x bvix , âh© kxj cyi“l I âh© kxj bvix , webqx cyi“l I webqx bvix ,`vbkxj cyi“l I `vbkxjv bvix , mIg cvjbKvix cyi“l I mIg cvjbKvix bvix , wbR j¾v ’vb †ndvRZKvix cyi“l I wbR j¾v ’vb †ndvRZKvix bvix Ges Avj −vn‡K AwaK ¯§iYKvix cyi“l I Avj −vn‡K AwaK ¯§iYKvix bvix ---G‡ì Rb¨ Avj−vn cÖ ËZ †i‡L‡Qb ¶gv I weivU cÖwZ`vbÓ ( myiv Avn&hve ; 33:35) |

34

Ò †h e¨w³ fvj KvR Ki‡e , †nvK& †m cyi“l wKsev bvix Ges †m Cgvb`vi n‡e -- Gi“c †jvK Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e , Avi Zv‡ì cÖwZ we› ygvÎ Ryjyg Kiv n‡e bvÓ ( myiv wbmv ; 4: 124)|

mvgvwRK Rxe‡b †g‡qiv †h me mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL nq:-

‡h mgvR ag© †_‡K ~‡i _v‡K , †mLv‡b bvix‡ì‡K A‡bK mgm¨vi gy‡LvgyLx n‡Z nq; we‡kl K‡i ,ZvjvKcÖvßv †g‡q‡ì mgm¨v ¸i“Z¡ mnKv‡i D‡j −‡Li `vex iv‡L| we‡qi ci mvaviYZ †g‡qiv PvKix ev Ab¨ wKQz Ki‡Z PvB‡j ¯vgx evav †`q; d‡j †g‡qiv A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ^vgxi Dci cy‡ivcywi wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o| Zvjv‡Ki NUbvi ci †`Lv hvq †h , Gme †g‡q‡ì †ekxifvMB †Kvb †ckvi mv‡_ RwoZ bq ; ZvQvov , PvKix Kivi gZ eqmI A‡b‡KiB †bB ; bvbv mvgvwRK my‡hvM-myweavi AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q Gme ZvjvKcÖvßv †g‡q‡ì Rxeb A‡bK KwVb n‡q c‡o| A‡bK mgq , we‡”Q‡ì mgq ^vgx I ¯Îx Dfq c¶B †Póv K‡i wKfv‡e wb‡Ri c‡¶ my‡hvM-myweav †ekx Av`vq Kiv hvq ; d‡j cwiw ’wZ Av‡iv RwUj n‡q c‡o|

KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`‡k© Mov wek¦vmx‡ì mgv‡R gvby‡li G ai‡bi mgm¨v nq bv| we‡qi mgqKvi kª×v I fvjevmv weevn we‡”Q‡ì mgqI cy‡ivcywi nvwi‡q hvq bv ; †Kbbv , cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡gB Zv N‡U _v‡K| G‡K Ab¨‡K ïay bvix ev cyi“l wnmv‡e †`Lv nq bv | GB gvbwmKZvB Zv‡ì g‡a¨ KvR K‡i †h , Ab¨ c¶ Ò gvbyl Ó , Avj−vn‡Z wek¦vmx I Avj−vnÕi m„wói g‡a¨ †miv|

GB gb-gvbwmKZv Zvjv‡Ki ciI †mŠRb¨ I f ª AvPi‡Yi mnvqK nq| we‡q -we‡”Q‡ì ci †g‡q‡ì AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© cweÎ KyiAv‡b †ek wKQy c`‡¶c †bqv n‡q‡Q| ZvjvKcÖvßv GKRb †g‡qi Kj¨vY Zvi A_©‰bwZK w`‡Ki K_v we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q bx‡Pi AvqvZ¸wj‡Z eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q , GKRb bvix we‡”Q‡ì mgqKvj I c‡i Kx ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK myweav †fvM Ki‡e|

Ò Avi ZvjvKcÖvßv bvix‡ì Rb¨ wewagZ fiY‡cvlY †`qv ‡gvËvKx‡ì Dci KZ©e¨

( myiv evKviv; 2: 241)|

35

...Ò †Zvgiv Zv‡ì wKQy LiP †`‡e , abx Zvi mva¨gZ †`‡e Ges Mixe Zvi mva¨ Abyhvqx w`‡e| wewagZ LiP ‡`qv mr Kg©kxj‡ì Dci KZ©e¨ | Avi hw` †Zvgiv Zv‡ì ‡gvni avh© Kivi ci ¯úk© Kivi c~‡e© ZvjvK `vI , Z‡e †h ‡gvni †Zvgiv wVK K‡i‡Qv , Zvi A‡a©K w`‡Z n‡e| Aek¨ hw` ¿xiv ¶gv K‡i †`q A_ev hvi nv‡Z we‡qi eÜb i‡q‡Q †m hw` ¶gv K‡i †`q Z‡e Zv ¯Zš¿ K_v| Avi †Zvgiv hw` ¶gv K‡i `vI Z‡e Zv n‡e ZvKIqvi wbKUZi| †Zvgiv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ mnvbyf~wZi K_v fy‡j †hI bv| †Zvgiv hv K‡iv wbðqB Avj −vn †m me Lye fvjfv‡eB †`‡Lb ( myiv evKviv; 2: 236-237) |

Ò abx e¨w³ Zvi mva¨ Abyhvqx LiP Ki‡e ; Avi hv‡K mxwgZ wiwhK ‡`qv n‡q‡Q, †m Avj −vn Zv‡K hv w`‡q‡Qb , Zv †_‡K LiP Ki‡e| Avj −vn hv‡K hv w`‡q‡Qb , Zvi †P‡q †ekx LiP Kivi Av‡`k wZwb †`b bv| K‡ói ci Avj −vn Aek¨B ^w — ‡`‡eb Ó ( myiv ZvjvK; 65: 7)| Avev‡iv GB AvqvZ †_‡K Avgiv wk¶v †bB , †Kvb cyi“‡li c‡¶ GUv êa bq †h †m we‡qi mgq ¿x‡K hv w`‡qwQj , Zv Avevi †diZ †b‡e| ZvjvKcÖvßv ¿xi Rb¨ BÏZKvjxb mg‡q evm ’v‡bi eë ’v ¯vgx‡K Ki‡Z n‡e| KyiAv‡bi bxwZ Abyhvqx , †Kvb †g‡q‡K †Rvi K‡i wbR Aax‡b ivLv hv‡e bv| Gfv‡e KyiAv‡b wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb evZ‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q| ZvB †h mgv‡R gvbyliv KyiAv‡bi Av`k© ‡g‡b P‡j , †mLv‡b †g‡qiv wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq bv ev Am¤§v‡bi cvÎx nq bv--†hgbwU †g‡qiv nq Ab¨ mgv‡R|

5| m¤ú‡ì mgvb eivÏ:

eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z m¤ú‡ì Dci me gvby‡li mgvb AwaKvi †bB| GKRb c~Y©eq¯‹ cyi“‡li †ivR 2,800 K¨v‡jvix cÖ‡qvRb| GB c„w_ex‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li cywói Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ h‡_ó m¤ú` i‡q‡Q| ZeyI , Gi mydj †_‡K c„w_exi A‡b‡KB ewÂZ I 800 wgwjqb gvbyl fqven Acywói wkKvi|

we‡k¦i RbmsL¨vi 75% ( 1991 mv‡j 4.03 wewjqb gvbyl ) b~ bZg K¨v‡jvix MÖn‡Yi mxgv‡iLvi A‡bK bx‡P wQj| Acywói wkKvi RbmsL¨vi nvi G‡KK †`‡k G‡KK iKg| GUv wbf©i K‡i wek¦e¨vcx Lv`¨ e›U‡b Amv‡gï cwigv‡Yi Dci|

36

Av‡iKwU cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq , Dbœqbkxj †`k¸wji gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`vmg~n ( †hgb , Lv`¨ cvwb , m¨vwb‡Ukb , ^v ’ †mev I wk¶v Lv‡Z ) cÖ‡qvRb eQ‡i AvbygvwbK 40 wgwjqb Wjvi| GwU we‡k¦i me‡P‡q abx

225Rb gvby‡li mw¤§wjZ ev‡R‡Ui 4% ( m~Î: UNESCO the COURIER, March 1999, p.22)

GB cwimsL¨v‡b GUvI wb‡`©k K‡i †h , wKQy †`‡ki AwZwi³ m¤ú‡` Ab¨‡ì †Kvb cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †bB hwÌ Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb¸wj AZ¨š— Riyix| abx †`k¸wj‡Z wKQy m¤ú` ‡Kvb Kv‡R jv‡M bv , Ajm c‡o _v‡K hv Mixe †`k¸wj‡Z ¯’vbvš—i Kiv †hZ|

Avwd«Kvi wKQy †`‡ki ~ ©kv‡K Avgiv D`vniY wnmve w`‡Z cvwi hv meviB Rvbv| we‡k¦i Amvg¨ bxwZ ïaygvÎ Lvevi I cvwb‡Z mxgve× †bB| GB AmgZv ^v ’ †mev‡ZI cÖ‡hvR¨ I GwU wek¦ Ry‡o gvivZœK me mgm¨vi m„wó Ki‡Q|

abëv` wPwKrmv weÁvb , wewfbœ M‡elYv I Avwe®‹vi‡K -----hvi ì“b A‡bK AmyLB GLb AwZ mn‡R fvj nq Ges A‡bK AmyL‡K cÖwZ‡iva KivI m¤¢e | abx †`k¸wj‡Z wPwKrmv cÖhyw³ I A_©‰bwZK mnvqZvq GwU m¤¢e| wKš‘ , AbybœZ I Dbœqbkxj †`k¸wji Rb¨ GB GKB Z_¨ cª‡hvR¨ bq| mvgvb¨ ‡h ¯v ’¨ mgm¨ abx †`k¸wj AwZ mn‡RB †gvKv‡ejv K‡i , Zv Mixe †`k¸wj‡Z GK ¸i“Zi ngwK| †hgb , Kzô †ivM| GwU GKwU ¶wZKi Rxevbyevnx AmyL hv gyjZ: we‡k¦i `vwi`ª cxwoZ GjvKv¸wj‡Z †ekx nq| Kzô †ivM ¯§iYvZxZ mgqKvj †_‡K gvbyl‡K cxwoZ K‡i‡Q| GLb GB †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e mnR| hwÌ AZ¨š— Mixe ‡`k¸wji Rb¨ Kzô‡ivM gvivZœK ûgwK| DbœZ †`‡k Kzô †iv‡Mi K_v Lye GKUv †kvbv hvq bv ev Kv‡jf‡`ª nq‡Zv 2/1Rb Kzô †ivMxi mÜvb †g‡j| GB †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv `xN©‡gqv`x I e¨qeûj| Gme Kvi‡Y , Mixe †`k¸wj‡Z Kzô †ivM wbg©~j Kiv hv‡”Q bv| ev —eZv GB †h , abx †`k¸wji wPwKrmv mnvqZv †c‡j Mixe †`k¸wj GB mgm¨vi nvZ †_‡K i¶v †cZ|

me ai‡bi ^v ’ mgm¨v‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡j Kzô †iv‡Mi mgm¨v‡K ejv hvq wekvj eidL‡Ûi GKwU ¶z ª KYv| AbybœZ †`k¸wj‡Z †h wPwKrmv cÖhyw³ i‡q‡Q , †mme gnvgvixi †gvKv‡ejvq m¶g bq| GQvov , A‡_©i Afv‡e Gme †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvi e¨ve ’v KivB m¤¢e nq bv -----‡ivM wbg©~‡ji †Zv †Kvb cÖkœB Avm‡Z cv‡i

37

bv| hwÌ , me ai‡bi ¯v ’¨ mgm¨vi mgvavb †ek mnR| abx †`k¸wji ¸`vgN‡i ‘yc n‡q c‡o _vKv wPwKrmvi hš¿cvwZ¸wj‡K AbybœZ †`k¸wj‡Z cvwV‡q †`qv

hvq| cy‡iv c„w_ex‡Z êl‡gï †h QovQwo , Zv j¶¨ Kiv hvq Z_¨ cªhyw³‡ZI | K…wl†¶‡Îi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ DbœZ †`k¸wj K…wl I †mP cªhyw³ msµvš— M‡elYvq cÖPzi A_© eivÏ K‡i|

Abye©i fywg‡Z Ggb Kx , gi“i ey‡KI GLb dmj djv‡bv m¤¢e| †mP eë ’vi GB i“cvš—i m¤¢e n‡q‡Q Z_¨ cªhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y| †mP c×wZ‡Z GLb Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³‡K eënvi Kiv n‡”Q| Gi j¶¨ n‡”Q cvwbi AcPq me©wb‡æ ivLv; gvwUi bxP w`‡q Mv‡Qi †Mvovq mivmwi cvwb cÖevwnZ Kiv; cvwbi cÖwZwU †duvUv †hb K…wli Kj¨v‡Y Av‡m ; Zv wbwðZ Kiv| cvwb m¤ú`‡K cwi‡kvwaZ Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖKí MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| ‡hgb , mgy‡`ªi cvwb I eb¨vi cvwb‡K gi“f~wg‡K De©i Kivi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv n‡”Q| GK AvaywbK K…wl c×wZi mvnv‡h¨ gi“f~wg‡Z Drcv`b m¤¢e n‡”Q| GmeB fvj Lei| Z‡e , Gme cªhyw³‡Z Mixe †`k¸wji cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †bB ev Gme Avwe®‹v‡ii mydj Mixe †`k¸wj cv‡”Q bv| GUv GKUv mgm¨v hv wb‡q Mfxifv‡e wPš—v Kivi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| Gme Mixe †`‡k AbybœZ cªhyw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ggb Kx De©i Rwg‡ZI †ekx Drcv`b Kiv hvq bv| d‡j , ¶zav Gme †`‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨ GK weivU ûgKx|

‡Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î GKwU †`‡ki me gvbylB ¶zavi ûgKxi gy‡L _v‡K| msev`cÎ cvZvi ci cvZv eivÏ K‡i GB gvbweK wech©‡qi Kvwnbx gvbyl‡K Rvbvq ; Z‡e gvby‡li we‡eK RvMÖZ K‡i mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨_© nq|

¶Y ’vqx wKQy mgvav‡bi eë ’v nq Ges ¯í‡gqv`x wKQy cÖKí mgvav‡bi Rb¨ MÖnY Kiv nq ; wKš‘ Aš— ©„wó ewR©Z Gme A¶g cÖ‡Póv †Kvb mvdj¨ e‡q Av‡m bv| gvby‡li ìKvi `ª“Z I Kvh©Kix mgvavb hv mwZ¨Kv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|AvRKvj AZ¨š— Mixe †`k¸wj eo AvKv‡ii Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ cvq | GiciI , GB mvnvh¨ Zv‡ì mwZ¨Kv‡ii Kj¨v‡Y Av‡m bv ; †Kbbv G¸wj Kiv nq cÖ k©Yxi Rb¨ Ges ~wf©‡¶ Avµvš—‡ì Pvwn`vi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© bq| GQvov , ms ’vi wfZ‡ii Ae¨ve ’vcbv I evav Ges †ìx‡Z cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ Lvevi A‡bK mgqB Mš—‡e¨ †cŠuvQvi Av‡M bó n‡q hvq|

Gme mvnvh¨ cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ms ’v D‡`¨vM †bq ; hwÌ Gme ms ’vi wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zvi Afve i‡q‡Q ; †Kbbv , Giv A‡bK mgqB yb©xwZ‡Z wbgw¾Z

38

_v‡K| mvnv‡hï cÖ‡Póv e¨_© nIqvi KviY¸wji g‡a¨ Av‡Q An:†eva , Kv‡qgx ¯v_© , D”PvKv•Lv , h‡Zœi Afve Ges G ai‡bi Av‡iv ˆbwZK Î“wU| GB bxwZnxbZvi Aemvb NUv‡bv m¤¢e KyiAvb‡K gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q Ges Zv‡ì‡K GUv g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡q †h Avgiv GB `ywbqvq hv KiwQ Zvi Rb¨ g„Zz i c‡i `vqx _vK‡ev|

b¨vqwePvi cÖwZwôZ n‡j we‡k¦ ^v ’ I wk¶vLv‡Zi g‡Zv Av‡iv A‡bK mgm¨vi mgvavb m¤¢e| GKwU w`K we‡klfv‡e D‡j−‡Li `vex iv‡L †h : hLb Avgiv ewj m¤ú‡ì myôz ev wbi‡c¶ mievn , ZLb GUv †hb †KD g‡b bv K‡i †h , we‡k¦i me RvqMvi me gvbyl me wRwbl GKB cwigv‡Y cv‡e| GB `vexi A_© gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb †hb m¤ú~Y©fv‡e †g‡U | gi“f~wg‡Z we‡klfv‡e Rj‡m‡Pi eë ’v Ki‡j Zv Ab¨ RvqMvi gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡b Avm‡e bv| †h †`‡ki wb‡Ri RbM‡Yi Rb¨B Jl‡ai cÖPzi Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q , Zviv Ab¨ †`‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨ Jla cvVv‡e --GUvI Kv‡iv Avkv Kiv wVK n‡e bv|

GQvov , GUvI Acwinvh© bq †h , cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki AwaKv‡i GKB cwigvY m¤ú` _vK‡e| Z‡e GgbwU †hb bv nq , wKQy gvbyl m¤ú‡ì cvnvo M‡o Zz‡j B”QvgZ Ace¨q Ki‡Q Avi Zvi cv‡kB AmsL¨ gvbyl Pig Afv‡e i‡q‡Q|

Avj −vn e‡j‡Qb , Ò...Zviv †Zvgv‡K cÖkœ K‡i , Kx Zviv LiP Ki‡e ? ej: cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi ci hv euv‡P Zv....Ó ( myiv evKviv ; 2: 219 )| hLb Avj−vnÕi GB wb‡ ©k Avgiv †g‡b Pj‡ev , ZLb m¤ú‡ì myôz weZiY mgvR‡K ¯Z:ù‚Z©fv‡e kvwš—i c‡_ wb‡q hv‡e|

kvwš—: b¨vqwePvi cÖwZwôZ n‡j kvwš— Zvi ^vfvweK cwiYvg

GKgvÎ KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© Rxeb Mo‡j GKwU myôz , cwic~Y© mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv MVY Kiv m¤¢e| KviY , GKgvÎ KyiAv‡bi Av`k© gvbyl‡K DËg ˆbwZKZv I Ávb `vb K‡i| ^v_©ci , AnsKvix , we‡ePbvnxb gvby‡liv e`‡j wM‡q n‡e ¶gvkxj , b¨vqcivqb †h A‡bï Kj¨v‡Yi K_v wPš—v K‡i Ges ‡mRb¨ mgvav‡bi eë ’v K‡i| G Kvi‡Y , A‡bK mgm¨vi Aemvb N‡U|

†h mgv‡R mywePvi i‡q‡Q , †mLv‡b gvbyl ˆbwZKZvi Aa:cZ‡b wM‡q cÖZviYv , A‡bï AwaKvi niY BZ¨vw` A‰bwZK KvR K‡i bv| KyiAv‡bi †gŠwjK wk¶v n‡jv --cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv I ¶gv hv GKwU Av`k© I b¨vqwfwËK mgvR MV‡Yi

39

mnvqK | Ggb mgv‡R G‡K A‡bï AwaKvi i¶vq m‡Pó _v‡K ; d‡j mevi ¯v_© I AwaKvi wbwðZ nq , GUv mgv‡R mvgwMÖK kvwš— I wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i| GUv me wek¦vmxi KZ©e¨ , Avj−vn †h me bxwZ I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb I ‡h Av`k©wfwËK a‡g©i K_v e‡j‡Qb ,Zv c„w_exi gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv| GUv wek¦vmx‡ì Ab¨Zg M~i“Z¡c~Y© êwkó¨ ...Ò Avi †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb GK `j _vKv ìKvi hviv gvbyl‡K Kj¨v‡Yi w`‡K WvK‡e I Av‡`k Ki‡e fvj Kv‡Ri Avi wb‡la Ki‡e g›` Kv‡R| GivB n‡jv mdjKvg Ó

( myiv Av‡j - 'Bgivb; 3: 104) |

Ò Zviv ZIevKvix , Bev`ZKvix , Avj−vnÕi cÖksmvKvix ,mIg cvjbKvix , i“KzKvix , wmR`vKvix , fvj Kv‡Ri Av‡`k`vZv , g›` Kv‡R evav cÖ vbKvix Ges Avj −vnÕi wba©vwiZ mxgv‡iLvi †ndvRZKvix ;( Gme ¸‡Y ¸Yvwš^Z ) gywgb‡ì‡K Zzwg myLei ïwb‡q `vI Ó ( myiv ZIev; 9: 112 )|

hvi GB Av`‡k© evm K‡i Avj−vn Zv‡ì K_v KyiAv‡b D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb | hviv Lvivc me KvR †_‡K `~‡i _v‡K , ciKv‡j ZvivB gyw³ cv‡e -Ò Zvici hLb Zviv fy‡j †Mj †mme Dc‡`k hv Zv‡ì †`qv n‡qwQj , ZLb Avwg i¶v Kijvg Zv‡ì‡K hviv g›` KvR †_‡K wbe„Ë Ki‡Zv Ges hviv mxgv jsNb Ki‡Zv K‡Vvi Avhv‡ei gva¨‡g cvKovI Kijvg Zv‡ì‡K , †Kbbv Zviv bvdigvbx Ki‡ZvÓ ( myiv Avivd; 7: 165)|

ivRbxwZi wPÎ: Ò Avi hLb †bZ…Z¡ jvf K‡i , ZLb †m hgx‡b wech©q m„wó Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i Ges km¨‡¶Z I cÖvYbvk Ki‡Z cÖqvm cvq ; Avj−vn wech©q cQ›` K‡ib bv| Ó ( myiv evKviv ; 2: 205) b¨vqwePvi , ˆbwZKZv I mZZvi g‡a¨ GKRb Zvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU gyûZ© KvUv‡e ---GgbwUB nIqv DwPr| eZ©gv‡b Avgiv A‡b‡KB msm`xq MYZ‡š¿ evm Kwi| GB Rxeb Av`k© ivRbxwZwe`‡ì Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|

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A‡bK gvby‡li Kv‡Q GKRb ivRbxwZwe` `vqe× _v‡Kb| A‡bK gvbyl Zvi Kv‡Q mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Av‡m| GRb¨ , GUv LyeB Ri“ix †h GKRb ivR‰bwZK †bZv wbi‡c¶ _vK‡eb| Kv‡iv wei“‡× c~e© aviYv ev ms¯‹v‡ii e‡k †Kvb ai‡bi êlg¨ Ki‡eb bv; gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb Kx Zv h_vh_fv‡e wba©viY K‡i †mfv‡e Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Rb ^v‡_© KvR Kivi mgq †bZv‡K mswk −ó wel‡q †h we‡klÁ , Zvi mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z n‡e| †h †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e , Zv‡KB `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| GKwU KvR †Kb evavMÖ ’ n‡”Q , †mB KviY Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡j , GKRb ivRbxwZwe` cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvi Kg©‡KŠk‡j cwieZ©b NwU‡q mgm¨vi ªyZ mgvavbI †ei Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb---GgbwU Avkv Kiv hvq| RbM‡Yi e„nËi ¯^v‡_© GKRb ivRbxwZwe`‡K †Kvb KvR‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e , Zv eyS‡Z n‡e| A‡b‡Ki Rb¨B ivRbxwZi D‡Ïk¨ Rb‡mev bq eis GwU GKwU jvfRbK evwY‡R¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| GUv GB A‡_© †h , †mB ivRbxwZwe`‡KB mdj ejv nq †h †Kvb ¶gZv jvf K‡i , my`„pfv‡e wb‡R‡K †mB ¶gZvq AwawôZ ivL‡Z cv‡i Ges †h †Kvb cÖwZK‚j cwiw ’wZ‡ZI ¶gZv‡K myiw¶Z iv‡L| ïay ZvB bq , m¤¢e n‡j Zvi ¶gZv †m e„w×I K‡i| ivRbxwZ‡Z GUvB hLb ^vfvweK ixwZ n‡q hvq , ZLb GZ Avi AevK nIqvi wKQz †bB †h , `~b©xwZ I cÖZviYv ZLb wbq‡g cwiYZ n‡e| me RvqMv‡ZB , Kx c~‡e© ev cwð‡g , DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj †`k¸wj‡Z GUvB ev —e †h , evwY‡Rï mv‡_ ivRbxwZ GKvKvi n‡q wM‡q‡Q| ZvB GUv †gv‡UI A ^vfvweK bq †h , ¶gZvmxb †bZviv e¨w³ ^v‡_© ivRbxwZ‡K Aceënvi Ki‡Q , †Kvb †K‡jsKvix‡Z Rwo‡qB ivR‰bwZK Rxeb‡K SuywKi gy‡L †V‡j w`‡”Q A_ev ¶gZv †_‡K eva¨ n‡q m‡i `vov‡”Q| A‡bK kvmb eë ’vq , †bZviv AZ¨š— wejvmx Rxeb hvcb K‡i , hLb Zv‡ì †`‡ki gvbyl bv †L‡q _v‡K I gnvgvix‡Z fy‡M| geyZz , Rv‡q‡ii ¶gZvP~ Z ivóªcwZ Gi GK D¾¡j `„óvš— | hLb †m †`‡ki gvbyl GK UzK‡iv i“wUi Rb¨ gvivgvwi Ki‡Zv , ZLb cÖwZ gv‡m geyZzi e¨w³MZ wegvb d«v‡Ý †hZ Zvi †Kk web¨vmKvix‡K Avbvi Rb¨| geyZz m¤ú‡ì cvnvo M‡owQj| †m †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` I nxivi Lwb¸wj‡K e¨w³MZ m¤ú` g‡b Ki‡Zv| †m cwðgv †`k¸wj‡K Gme m¤ú` †_‡K myweav †fvM Ki‡Z w`‡Zv hLb Zvi wb‡Ri †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae ’v Lvivc

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nw”Q‡jv I RvwZMZ `v½vq †`‡k kvwš— wQj bv| G ai‡bi Ae ’v hv‡Z cªwZ‡iva Kiv hvq , Zvi GKgvÎ Dcvq n‡jv KyiAv‡bi kvmb | ag©nxb kvmbeë ’vq gvbyl wbR wbR ^v‡_© KvR K‡i I Zv‡ì †jv‡fi †Kvb mxgv-cwimxgv _v‡K bv| †Kbbv, mywePvi , ¶gZv , fvjevmv , kª×v I mZZv ---Gme g~j¨‡ev‡a Zviv wek¦vmx nq bv| G ai‡bi gvbyl mgv‡Ri Rb¨ †h wewfbœ ai‡bi ûgKx m„wó K‡i , †m m¤ú‡K© KyiAv‡b Avj −vn e‡j‡Qb Ò Avi hLb †bZ…Z¡ jvf K‡i , ZLb †m hgx‡b wech©q m„w÷ Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i Ges km¨‡¶Z I cÖvYbvk Ki‡Z cÖqvm cvq ; Avj−vn wech©q cQ›` K‡ib bv| Ó ( myiv evKviv ; 2: 205)| Dc‡i D‡j −wLZ gvby‡li PvwiwÎK êwkó¨¸wji g‡a¨ †Kvb iKg cwieZ©‡bi Avkv Kiv A_©nxb , hZ¶Y bv gvbyl mªóvi Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei bxwZ †g‡b bv Pj‡e| †h †`‡ki gvbyl Avj −vn‡K fq cvq I †hLv‡b we‡e‡Ki kvmb i‡q‡Q , AwePvi I ¶gZvi Aceënv‡ii †Kvb my‡hvM †mLv‡b †bB| gvby‡li mgm¨v wb‡q †mLv‡b mwVKfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq I `¶Zvi mv‡_ mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv nq| Rb‡mevi cyi®‹vi wnmv†e we‡ePbv Kiv nq †KejgvÎ Avj −vnÕi mš‘wó| gvbyl‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv nq GB Rb¨ †h , Gi DËg cÖwZ`vb G RM‡Z bq eis g„Zÿ cieZ©x Rxe‡b Avj −vnÕi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv hv‡e| †mB AZxZKvj †_‡K Avj−vn Hkx evYx bex I ivmyj‡ì (`: ) gva¨‡g gvby‡li Kv‡Q cvwV‡q‡Qb| Avj −vni bexiv (`: ) gvbyl‡K m‡Zï c‡_ `vIqvZ w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ , gvbyliv GBme bex‡ì‡K Awek¦vm K‡i‡Q I KL‡bv m‡›`n K‡i‡Q †h , Gme Avš—wiK †Póvi wcQ‡b Zuv‡ì †Kvb †Mvcb D‡Ïk¨ Av‡Q| †mme Awek¦vmx‡ì cÖwZ bex‡ì (`: ) Rb¨ DËi wQj GKB - Ò ej: Avwg Gi Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q ‡Kvb cÖwZ`vb PvB bv I hviv wg_¨v `vex K‡i Avwg Zv‡ì Aš—f©~³ bB Ó ( myiv mv`; 38 : 86) | Ò ‡n Avgvi m¤cÖ vq; Avwg Gi e`‡j †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q cvwikªwgK PvB bv| Avgvi cvwikªwgK Av‡Q ZuviB Kv‡Q , whwb Avgv‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb ; †Zvgiv wK ZeyI eyS‡e bv ? Ó ( myiv û` ; 11: 51) Avj −vn‡Z hvi wek¦vm Av‡Q , Zviv †m me D`vniY AbymiY K‡i , hvi cÖksmv KyiAv‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv Zv‡ì †mev I mvnv‡hï wewbg‡q GB `ywbqvq †Kvb

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jv‡fi Avkv K‡i bv| Awek¦vmx‡ì mgv‡Ri ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b me ai‡bi ivR‰bwZK Bmÿ †hgb Avf¨š—ixb I ê‡`wkK , e¨w³MZ I `jxq ¯v_© me GKm~‡Î Muv_v| GB hLb Ae ’v , ZLb Lye ^vfvweKfv‡eB Aïf kw³i Kv‡Q gvbyl I †`‡ki ^v_© ivRbxwZ‡Z D‡cw¶Z nq| we‡kl `‡ji ¯^v‡_© wewfbœ `~b©xwZ‡K D‡c¶v Kiv nq| gvwK©b ivRbxwZ‡Z jexi f~wgKv Gi cÖK…ó D`vniY| wbe©vP‡bi mgq cÖv_©x‡ì cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ A‡NvwlZ cÖPzi UvKv wewb‡qvM Kiv nq| Gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wm‡b‡U ev AvBbmfvq Ggb Kv‡iv Rb¨ Avmb wbwðZ Kiv --‡h ev hviv †mLv‡b †_‡K we‡kl `‡ji ^v_© i¶v Ki‡e| Economist Rvwb‡q‡Q , 1992 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª wbe©vPbx cÖPv‡ii wcQ‡b wZb wewjqb Wjvi LiP Kiv nq ( UxKv 4: w` BK‡bvwg÷ , 8 †deª“qvix 1997 ) | A‰eafv‡e UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i jwe÷ `j¸wj GZUvB kw³kvjx nq †h , Ab¨ †`‡ki miKv‡ii wei“‡× wb‡lavÁv Rvix Kivi g‡Zv ¶gZvI Zviv AR©b K‡i| Gme †¶‡Î AvBbmfvq m`m¨‡ì Dci jweKvix cÖfve we —vi K‡i| hviv cÖPzi Puv`v †`q , Ggb mnvqZvKvix‡ì PUv‡bvi mvnm ivRbxwZwe`‡ì †bB| ZvB Zviv we‡kl ‡Mvwô Øviv wb‡`©wkZ n‡q AvBbmfvq e‡m Ggb me bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i , hv †mB we‡kl `‡ji ¯v_© i¶v K‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡b †Kvb K…wÎg msKUI m„wó Kiv nq| KL‡bv KL‡bv `‡ji wfZ‡i bvbv ai‡bi gZ-we‡iva I msNl© N‡U| KL‡bv Ggb Kx Pµvš— K‡i cy‡iv †`‡k Akvwš— I wek„•Ljv m„wó Kiv nq; hv‡Z we‡kl †Mvwô dvq`v jyU‡Z cv‡i| hviv ¶gZvq Av‡Q I hviv wbe©vP‡b Zv‡ì c„ô‡cvlK wQj , GB `yB `‡ji g‡a¨ Mfxi m¤úK© GKwU †`k‡K wb‡q hvq Mfxi msK‡U| Gi GKwU D`vniY n‡jv j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvi ˆ¯iZš¿| MZ cuvP / Qq kZvãx a‡i j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvq d¨vwm÷ †bZviv mxgvnxb cÖvPz‡h©i g‡a¨ Rxeb KvwU‡q‡Q ; Ab¨w`‡K mvaviY gvbliv Pig `vwi`ª mxgvi bx‡P AwZ K‡ó †eu‡P wQj| GL‡bv ch©š— , ¶gZv µgvMZ ˆ¯ikvmK †_‡K †mbvbvqK Avevi †mbvbvqK †_‡K ˆ ^kvm‡Ki g‡a¨ nvZ e`j nq| mvgwiK kvm‡Kiv eRªgywó‡Z kvmb ¶gZv RbZvi Dci cÖ‡qvM K‡i| Gme †`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q wbqwgZ WªvM cvPvi nq| WªvM eëmvqx I ¶gZvmxb `‡ji g‡a¨ ¯v‡_©i Ø‡›Ø †`‡ki DbœwZ I w ’wZkxjZv bó bq| Z‡e , ¯v_©v‡šlx

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†Mvwô weKwkZ nq Akvwš— I wek„•Ljvi ga¨ w`‡qB| bvbviKg cÖfve LvwU‡q , ûgwK w`‡q Zviv Zv‡ì ¯v_© eRvq iv‡L| †mRb¨ wbôziZv , msNl© I M„nhy× n‡q c‡o Aš—nxb| Kjw¤^qv‡Z ïaygvÎ 1992 mv‡j 28 nvRvi gvbyl Lyb nq| G‡ZB †evSv hvq , ‡Kgb ee©iZv N‡U‡Q †mLv‡b| Avgiv †`wL †h , KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`‡k© bv Pjvi Rb¨ kvmK‡kªYx Gme mš¿v‡mi cÖwZ †PvL eÜ iv‡L| ivRbxwZi Av‡iKwU j¶Ÿxq w`K n‡jv , ¶gZv I †bZ…Z¡ ZvivB cvq hviv Gi †hvM¨ bq| Awek¦vmx‡ì wbqg-bxwZ GiKgB| ¶gZvq †h‡Z ev †Kvb we‡kl c` †c‡Z n‡j we‡kl †Kvb †hvM¨Zvi AwaKvix nIqv Ri“ix wKQz bq| Gme wel‡q Rb ^v_© A‡c¶v Kv‡qgx ^v_© g~j PvwjKv kw³ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| cweÎ KyiAv‡b Aek¨ Avj −vn Gi wecixZ wb‡ ©kB w`‡q‡Qb--Ò wbðqB Avj −vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K wb‡`©k w`‡”Qb †h , †Zvgiv AvgvbZ Zv‡ì cÖvcK‡K w`‡q `vI| Avi †Zvgiv hLb †jvK‡ì wePvi Ki‡e ZLb b¨vq wePvi K‡iv| wbðqB Avj −vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K KZB bv DËg Dc‡`k w`‡”Qb| wbðqB Avj −vn gnvb †kªvZv I gnvb `k©KÓ( myiv wbmv; 4: 58)| Ggb GKwU mgvR †hLv‡b gvbyl KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© P‡j bv , †mLv‡b `¶Zv I †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx gvbyh `vwqZ¡ cvq bv| mvaviYZ , ¶gZvmxb‡ì AvZœxq¯Rb , eÜzevÜe‡ì ga¨ †_‡K †KD M~i“Z¡c~Y© c`¸wji AwaKvix nq| ivRbxwZwe` I wewfbœ `j¸wj GKB gZv`‡k©i nIqvq Kv‡qgx ¯v_© I ivR‰bwZK we‡ePbv AMÖvwaKvi cvq| wbe©vPbx cÖPv‡ii mgq †fvUvi‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejv fvj fvj cÖwZkªwZ me Avm‡j wbZvš—B K_vi K_v| Gme Kvi‡Y , Rb‡mevg~jK KvR¸wj hw` wKQz Kiv nq , †m¸wj AbybœZ †Kvb MÖv‡g ev kn‡i bv n‡q †mB GjvKvq nq †hLv‡b cÖv_©xi mg_©K †fvUvi †ekx| Gme weK…Z mg‡SvZv I A‰bwZKZvi Rb¨ Awek¦vm `vqx| †h gvbyl Avj−vn‡K fq cvq bv , †m wb‡Ri we‡eK Abyhvqx `vwqZ¡ wb‡q KvR K‡i bv| Zviv gvby‡li cÖwZ ¶gv I `qv †`Lvq bv Ges b¨vq AvPiY K‡i bv| Zviv nvefv‡e g‡b nq , GB c„w_ex‡Z Zviv hv Ki‡Q †m m‡ei Rb¨ †Kqvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡ì‡K †h `vqe× n‡Z n‡e , GB †evaUzKz Zv‡ì †bB ; Zviv me ai‡bi Lvivc KvR I A‰bwZK AvPiY ZvB K‡i _v‡K| GB wech©qKi Ae ’v ~i K‡i my›ì fwel¨Z Movi `vwqZ¡ hv‡ì Dci i‡q‡Q , Zv‡ì KZ©e¨ n‡jv KyiAv‡bi Av`k© gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv| me wek¦vmx‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡jv -- ˆbwZK gyj¨‡ev‡ai cÖwZ kª×v †i‡L Avj −vnÕi Av‡`k m¤ú‡K© gvbyl‡K

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Rvbv‡bv ; Zuv‡ì‡K KyiAv‡bi Av‡jvq c_ Pj‡Z DØy× Kiv I Lvivc c_ †_‡K ~‡i _vKvi Rb¨ mZK© Kiv| hviv GB `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Ae‡njv K‡i ev GB KvR c‡i Ki‡e e‡j fv‡e , Zuv‡ì fq Kiv DwPr †h , gvby‡li `y:L -K‡ói cÖwZ GiKg wbwe©Kvi _vKvi Rb¨ †Kqvg‡Zi w`b `vqx n‡Z n‡e| A_©bxwZ‡Z ag©nxbZvi cÖfve: Avj −vn my ‡K wbwðý K‡i †`b I `vb LqivZ‡K evwo‡q †`b| Avj−vn †Kvb AK…ZÁ cvcx‡K cQ›` K‡ib bv ( myiv evKviv ; 2: 276)| ‡ivRKvi Rxe‡b Avgiv UvKv-cqmv ev A_© msK&ªvš— welq wb‡qB †ekx K_v ewj| abx I Mixe me †`‡kB Lye Kg gvbylB wb‡R‡ì‡K DË‡ivËi e„w× cvIqv wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v †_‡K gy³ ivL‡Z †c‡i‡Q| GB c„w_exi AwaKvsk gvbylB Pig A_©K‡ó w`b KvUvq| †KvbiKg †L‡q-bv †L‡q Zv‡ì w`b Kv‡U| A‡bK †`k‡K Aw —Z¡ i¶vi Rb¨ we‡`kx mvnv‡hï Dci cy‡ivcywi wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| hwÌ we‡`kx ÔÔ mvnvh¨ ÕÕ Zv‡ì mgm¨v Av‡iv evwo‡q †`q| ‡Kbbv , FY †kva †Zv ~‡ii K_v , my †gUv‡bvi ¶gZvI GB me Mixe †`‡ki _v‡K bv e‡j G‡ì‡K cÖPÛ ~‡f©vM †cvnv‡Z nq| ^v¯’ †_‡K wk¶v , me wKQzB A_©‡K †K› ª K‡i MwZkxj _v‡K| DbœZ ‡`k †nvK& ev bv †nvK& , A_©‰bwZK cwiw ’wZ gvbyl‡K KwVbfv‡e AvNvZ Ki‡Q| m¤ú` , AcwiwgZ e¨q Ges Zvi cwiYv‡gi cv‡kB Ae ’vb n‡jv AebwZ I wb: ^ Kiv| Pvwn`v c~i‡Y e¨_© n‡q gvbyl G‡K A‡bï mv‡_ msN‡l© Rwo‡q c‡o| m‡PZbZv m„wó I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kg©m~Px , eû †mwgbvi , AmsL¨ M‡elYv Kg© I cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZix BZ¨vw` e„_vB Kiv n‡q‡Q| ev¯—e mZ¨ GB †h , cÖwZw`bB c„w_ex‡Z y:L-Kó- ~‡f©vM evo‡Q| ‡eKviZ¡ wek¦e¨vcx GK mgm¨v | Ggb Kx , hv‡ì PvKix Av‡Q , Zv‡ì †eZbI Ggb ch©vß bq †h , DËg RxebhvÎvi gvb wbwðZ Ki‡e| ZvB wKQz fvj †eZ‡bi GKwU miKvix c‡ì Rb¨ kZ kZ cÖv_©x ìLv — K‡i| KvR cvIqvi mvgvb¨ m¤¢vebv _vK‡jB Kg©ms ’vb Awd‡mi mvg‡b gvbyl N›Uvi ci N›Uv jvBb a‡i `vwo‡q _v‡K| Zvn‡j mgvavb †Kv_vq ? Gme mgm¨v mgvav‡b D‡`¨v‡M e¨_© n‡”Q ?

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†h †Kvb †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK w ’wZkxjZvi Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ , Drcv`bkxjZv , Kv‡Ri my‡MvM e„w× I `¶ Rbkw³ Acwinvh©| GiciI , cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq †h , we‡k¦ Kgc‡¶ 820 wgwjqb †eKvi gvbyl i‡q‡Q| G‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj‡ì msL¨v hLb Avgiv wnmve Kwi , ZLb Gi bvbvgyLx w`K wePv‡i mgm¨vi fqvenZv Av‡iv †ekx †evSv hvq| Avgv‡ì GLbKvi mg‡q A_©‰bwZK eë ’v we‡kl K‡i AbybœZ †`‡k e¨vs‡Ki my‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj| AvgvbZKvix‡ì‡K e¨vsK †h D”P nv‡i my` †`q , Zv RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z aŸsmvZœK cÖfve †dj‡Q| g~jZ: e¨vs‡Ki my‡ì Kvi‡Y gvbyl wb‡R‡ì UvKv-cqmv †Kv_vI bv LvwU‡q ev Drcv`bkxj †Kvb Kv‡R bv jvwM‡q e¨vs‡K †d‡j iv‡L| hviv abx Zviv KvR bv K‡i e¨vsK my‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj nIqv‡K mnR g‡b Ki‡Qb| †h mgv‡R †ekxifvM gvbyl KvR K‡i bv , †mLvbKvi A_©bxwZ DbœZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv †Zgb _v‡K bv| A_P , GB A_©‰bwZK DbœwZi Dci †`‡ki AMÖMwZ wbf©ikxj| eZ©gv‡b †h ixwZ-bxwZ cÖPwjZ , Zv‡Z cÎ-cwÎKvq e¨vs‡Ki weÁvcb †ei n‡q Gfv‡e , Ò e¨vemv‡Z UvKv LvUv‡bv GLb eÜ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| eis QzwU Dc‡fvM Ki“bÓ--- G me weÁvcb‡K g‡b nq mnR-mij I AvKl©Yxq | wKš‘ , Avm‡j Zv †`‡ki Kj¨vY I m¤ú` e„w× bv K‡i aŸsm †W‡K Av‡b| †h A_©‰bwZK cyuwR Øviv cyó nq bv , Zv aŸsm n‡q hvq| Ajm UvKv hv e¨vs‡K GKvD‡›U c‡i _v‡K , Zv GKwU A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v gy ªvùxwZi cÖavb KviY| hviv A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb iv‡L bv , Zviv e¨vs‡K UvKv Rgv iv‡L I QzwU Dc‡fvM K‡i ; Zviv `xN©‡gqv‡` wM‡q Gi cwiYvg †fvM K‡i| Zv‡ì †h UvKv e¨vs‡K Ajm _v‡K , Zv mg‡qi mv‡_ µgvMZ g~j¨ nvivq| g~j¨ùxwZi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Gi `vg ev‡o bv| †h A_©bxwZ Drcv`bkxjZv wbf©i , †mLv‡b mvgwMÖKfv‡e mevi jvf nq| Avj −vn gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y UvKv LiP Ki‡Z wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb-Ò †n wek¦vmxMY; wbðqB A‡bK cy‡ivwnZ I cv ªx Ab¨vqfv‡e ‡jvK‡ì ab-m¤ú` Lv‡”Q Ges Zv‡ì‡K Avj −vnÕi c_ †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Q| Avi hviv †mvbv-i“cv Rgv K‡i iv‡L Ges Zv Avj −vnÕi c‡_ e¨q K‡i bv , Zzwg Zv‡ì‡K hš¿Yv`vqK kvw —i my-msev` `vI ( myiv ZIev; 9: 34)| Ó

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m¤ú` hviv Rgv K‡i iv‡L , Avj −vn Zv‡ì hš¿Yv`vqK kvw —i Lei GB myivq w`‡q‡Qb| ‡h mgv‡R KyiAv‡bi bxwZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq , †m mgvR gvby‡li Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi nq I DcKvix bxwZ¸wj mgv‡R Pvj~ _v‡K| Avj −vn my ‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Qb I my‡ì fv‡i RR©wiZ nIqv †_‡K gvbyl‡K i¶v K‡i‡Qb- Ò hviv my Lvq , Zviv ( †Kqvg‡Zi w`b ) kqZv‡bi †Quvqv cvM‡ji gZ †mvRvmywR uvov‡Z cvi‡e bv; GUv GRb¨ , †h‡nZz Zviv ej‡Zv , e¨vemv evwYRÏ †Zv my‡ì gZ| Avj −vn e¨vemv-evwYR¨‡K nvjvj K‡i‡Qb I my`‡K nvivg K‡i‡Qb| AZGe , hvi Kv‡Q Zvi cvjbKZ©vi c¶ †_‡K wb‡ ©k G‡m‡Q , AZ:ci †m ( my †_‡K) weiZ i‡q‡Q , †m Av‡M hv †L‡q‡Q , Zvi e¨vcviwU Avj −vnÕi GLwZqv‡i| Avi †h Avev‡iv my Lvq , ZvivB Rvnvbœvgx †mLv‡b Zviv wPiKvj _vK‡e Ó ( myiv evKviv; 2: 275)| Ab¨ Av‡iKwU Avqv‡Z M~i“Z¡ w`‡q ejv n‡q‡Q , my gvby‡li Rxe‡b mg„w× Av‡b bv| Ò Avj −vn my ‡K wbwðý K‡i †`b I `vb LqivZ‡K evwo‡q †`b; Avj −vn †Kvb AK…ZÁ cvcx‡K cQ›` K‡ib bv Ó ( myiv evKviv; 2: 276)| RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK Rxe‡bi me ¯—‡iB kvwš— , k„•Ljv , w¯’wZkxjZvi ìKvi Av‡Q| GUv A_©bxwZi RbÏ mZ¨| ZvivB wek¦vmx hviv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wKQz Ki‡Z `vwqZ¡ Ab~fe K‡i| Ab¨ †KD KLb D‡`¨vM wb‡e , †mB Avkvq e‡m _vKvi mgq Avgv‡ì †bB| †Kbbv , Avj−vn cÖ‡Z¨K wek¦vmxi Dci GB `vwqZ¡ b¨v — K‡i‡Qb| GB `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ , cª_‡g GKRb wek¦vmx‡K Ab¨ gvby‡li Kv‡Q a‡g©i K_v , gvby‡li Rxe‡b ag© Kx Kj¨vY e‡q Av‡b , †mB evZ©v †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z n‡e| †h m¤cÖ v‡qi m`mïv GUv mwZ¨Kvifv‡e wek¦vm K‡i †h , my bq eis gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y wbR m¤ú` †_‡K e¨q Ki‡j Zv‡ZB mg„w× Av‡m , Zviv †KvbiKg wØav QvovB cÖ‡qvR‡bi †ekx m¤ú` gvbe-Kj¨v‡Y `vb K‡i| G ai‡bi bxwZ mgv‡Ri Rb¨ DcKvix | Z‡e , gvbyl †hb g‡b bv K‡i †h , Ggb mgvR eë ’v Aev —e ev Kíbvi| GRb¨ gvbyl‡K KyiAv‡bi wk¶v w`‡Z n‡e| GUvi Dci M~i“Z¡ †`qv Riƒix †h , KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`‡k© Mov †h mvgvwRK Rxeb-eë ’v , †mLv‡b gvbyl ïay wb‡Ri ^v‡_© msMÖvg K‡i bv ; eis RbKj¨v‡Y KvR K‡i| †Kbbv , Bmjvgx g~j¨‡ev‡ai `vex n‡jv cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvMxZv , mngwg©Zv I GKZv| Avj −vn †h‡nZz wb‡la K‡i‡Qb , wek¦vmx gvby‡liv ZvB A‡bï AwaKvi bó

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K‡i bv| †KD Ab¨vqfv‡e A‡bï m¤úwË ev AwaKvi †K‡o †bqvi †Póv K‡i bv| †KD IR‡b KviPzwc K‡i bv ev cÖZviYv K‡i bv| †h mgvR KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© Mov , †mLv‡b AwePvi n‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi cwiYv‡g , my‡ì K‚dj ~i nq| abxiv Mixe‡K †kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv I gvbyl A‡bï Ask Ab¨vqfv‡e `L‡ji †Póv K‡i bv| ag©xq g~j¨‡eva †h mgv‡R cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq , †mLv‡b †Kvb wKQzi AcPq nq bv| gvbyl †fvM K‡i wKš‘ AcPq ev Ace¨q K‡i bv| mn‡hvwMZv I b¨vqwePv‡ii gva¨‡g DbœZ Rxeb Av`k© I Kj¨vY eRvq iv‡L | GB m‡Zï GKwU D‡j −L‡hvM¨ D`vniY n‡jv Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK †mvbvjx hy‡Mi mgv‡R gvbyliv , hviv KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi bxwZ †g‡b Pj‡Zv| ag©xq g~j¨‡eva Av‡`k K‡i Afvex I BqvZxg‡ì i¶v Ki‡Z:- Ò‡Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv m¤ú` I cÖvPz‡h©i AwaKvix , Zviv †hb kc_ MÖnY bv K‡i †h , AvZœxq ^Rb I Afvex‡K Ges Avj −vnÕi iv —vq hviv wnRiZ K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì‡K wKQzB †`‡e bv ; Zviv †hb I‡ì‡K ¶gv K‡i I I‡ì †`vl-Î“wU D‡c¶v K‡i| †Zvgiv wK PvI bv †h , Avj −vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¶gv Ki“b ? Avj −vn ¶gvkxj , cig `qvjy ( myiv b~i; 24: 22)| eZ©gvb mg‡q Afve ïaygvÎ Avi wbw`©ó wKQz †`‡kB mxgve× †bB| we‡k¦i cÖavb cÖavb Av‡jvP¨ m~Px‡Z wkï‡ì mgm¨v cÖvavb¨ †c‡q _v‡K| we‡k¦ jvL jvL wkï iv —vq AveR©bv †N‡U Rxeb cvi Ki‡Q| kx‡Zi ivZ¸wj †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P KvUvq| Lye Aí A‡_©i wewbg‡q A‡bK wkïB wewfbœ wec`RbK& Kv‡R Rwo‡q c‡o hv‡Z A‡bK mgq Zv‡ì Rxeb wecbœ nq| Acywó I Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y wkï g„Zz i mgm¨v †_‡K GB we‡k¦i GKwU eo AskB wbivc` bq| c‡_i wQbœg~j wkï I `vwi`ª msµvš— †h cwimsL¨vb¸wj Av‡Q , ïaygvÎ †mB¸wj †`L‡jB †evSv hvq mgm¨v KZ fqsKi| 1982 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹vi cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq , wQbœg~j wkï‡ì msL¨v B —v¤y‡j 200,000; †ev‡MUvq 10,000 I wiI wW †RwbwiI‡Z `yB wgwjqb| Avwd«Kv‡Z GB msL¨v ìv nq 5 wgwjqb Ges Zv µgvMZ evo‡Q| hy× , Afve , GBWm I `ª“Z bMivq‡bi d‡j Gme c_wkï‡ì msL¨v evo‡Q| cy‡iv c„w_ex‡Z 30 †_‡K 70 wgwjqb wkï M„nnxb | (UxKv 5: http://www.uia.org/uiademo/pro/ d5980.htm )

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Av‡gwiKvq Mixe wkï‡ì AvksKvRbKfv‡e evo‡Q| 1979-1994 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Qq eQ‡ii bx‡P Mixe wkï‡ì msL¨v 3.5 wgwjqb †_‡K †e‡o nq 6.1 wgwjqb | 1994 mv‡j Q‡qi Kg eqmx wkï‡ì A‡a©KB Mixe ev cÖvq Mixe cwiev‡i evm Ki‡Zv| GB 6.1 wgwjqb Afvex wkï‡ì cvkvcvwk Av‡iv 4.8 wgwjqb wkï †ek Mixe Ae ’vq Rxeb KvwU‡q‡Q| Dc‡ii cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq , Ggb Kx abx †`k¸wjI Afve †_‡K gy³ bq| A_©‰bwZK g›`v †_‡K m„ó †eKviZ¡ I Ach©vß mvgvwRK wbivcËvi myweav Kg-‡ekx GB Afv‡ei Rb¨ `vqx| KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`k© Mixe I Afvex‡ì i¶vi K_v e‡j| Avj−vnÕi ivm~j (`:) Gi A‡bK evYx Av‡Q †hLv‡b nhiZ gynv¤§v` ( `: ) wek¦vmx‡ì‡K Mixe‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb| G‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv : Mixe‡ì fvjev‡mv I Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hvI| Zzwg hw` Zv‡ì‡K fvjev‡mv , Zvn‡j Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K fvjevm‡eb ; Zzwg hw` I‡ì †`Lv‡kvbv K‡iv , Avj −vn Zvn‡j †Zvgv‡K †`L‡eb; Zzwg Zv‡ì‡K †cvkvK w`‡j Avj −vn †Zvgv‡K †cvkv‡K Av”Qvw`Z Ki‡eb| Zzwg Mixe‡ì‡K LvIqv‡j , Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K LvIqv‡eb| Avj −vn †Zvgv‡K `qv Ki‡eb hw` Zzwg Ab¨‡K `qv †`LvI ( UxKv 7: ivgyR Avj nv`xm , LÛ 1 , c„ôv 17 , mvjgvb Avj dvimx (iv: )| mv‡eK mgvRZvwš¿K †`kMywj‡Z Afv‡ei GKwU wfbœgvÎv Avgiv †`wL , hv DbœZ ev 3q we‡k¦i ‡`k¸wj‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| ej‡Z †M‡j , me gvby‡liB RxebhvÎvi gvb _v‡K bxPz‡Z| Gme †`‡k Afve ej‡Z †M‡j cy‡iv RbMY‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| cwiYv‡g cy‡iv †`‡ki Dci Gi cÖfve c‡o| kn‡ii AeKvVv‡gv I mvgvwRK wbivcËvi eë ’vw` Ach©vß e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| †hgb , Lv‡`ï ^íZv| †ekxifvM †`k¸wji g‡Zv Gme †`‡k †Kvb gvby‡li nv‡Z A_© _vK‡jI †Kbvi g‡Zv ch©vß Lvevi I wRwbl evRv‡i _v‡K bv| Afv‡ei KviY Kx Kx , Zv wb‡q j¤v GKUv ZvwjKv ˆZix Kiv m¤¢e| Z‡e , GUv bv K‡i mgv‡R Afv‡ei cÖwZwµqv Ges Zv `~i Kiv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j †mUv †ekx DcKvix| c‡ii Aa¨vqMywj‡Z Afve wb‡q wewfbœ mgm¨vi K_v _vK‡e| Afv‡ei aŸsmvZœK cÖwZwµqv:

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†Kvb m‡›`n †bB , Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y wkïivB me‡P‡q †ekx Kó cvq| Mixe we‡kl K‡i M„nnxb wkïiv A‡bK mgq miKvix ¯‹z‡j covi my‡hvM cvq bv| Kvib , Zv‡ì †Kvb ’vqx wVKvbv †bB , eq‡mi mvwU©wd‡KU †bB; my v‡ ’ i mvwU©wd‡KU †hgb †ivM cÖwZ‡iva UxKv I Bb‡RKkb †`qvi †Kvb †iKW© G‡ì _v‡K bv| Lye KgB Zviv †cU f‡i †L‡Z cv‡i| †ekxifvM Mixe wkïB KwVb kª‡g Rwo‡q co‡Z eva¨ nq| A‡bK †`‡k , ev”Pviv Ggb Kx cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì ØvivB Kg©‡¶‡Î ÔµxZ`vm wnmv‡e wewµ n‡q hvq| †ekxifvM wkïB Lye Kg UvKv-cqmv †ivRMvi K‡i| Gme wkï ^v‡ ’ i Rb¨ gvivZœK SzuwKc~Y© cwi‡e‡k KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ nq ; hv A‡bK mgq G‡ì‡K g„Zy i gy‡LvgywL K‡i| fvi‡Z RbmsL¨v n‡jv 940 wgwjqb| Gi g‡a¨ wkï kªwgK Av‡Q Av‡Q 44-100 wgwjqb ----hv cy‡iv c„w_exi Ab¨ me †`‡ki †gvU wkï kªwgK‡ì †P‡qI †ekx| cvwK —v‡bi RbmsL¨v 120 wgwjqb | wkï kªwgK‡ì msL¨v AvbygvwbK 8 wgwjqb (UxKv 8: . Time, April 15, 1996, p.36-39| Gme Mixe wkï‡ì y:LRbK Ae ’v we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ Mixe wkï‡ì †_‡K Avjv`v wKQz bq| Kv‡Ri aiY I cwi‡ek LyeB wbg©g---ZeyI †QvU †QvU wkïiv Gme cwi‡e‡k KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q--mviv we‡k¦B G ai‡bi wPÎ Avgiv †`LwQ| wKš‘ Zv m‡Z¡I , Gme Kg©Rxex wkï‡ì Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi wPš—v †hgb wk¶v , ¯v ’ †mev BZ¨vw` wb‡q gv_v bv Nvwg‡q wb‡qvMKvix †`k wPš—v K‡i †h , wKfv‡e Gme wkï‡ì w`‡q m —vq Drcv`b Kwi‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i jvf Kiv hvq| wewfbœ wgwUs‡q ZvB wkï‡ì wKfv‡e KwVb kªg †_‡K euvPv‡bv hvq G wb‡q gv_v bv Nvwg‡q Zviv civgk© K‡i wKfv‡e Zviv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i eëmv evov‡e ( UxKv 9: Time, April 15, 1996, p.36-39)\ we‡k¦i A‡bK †`kB ev‡R‡Ui GKwU eo Ask cÖwZi¶v Lv‡Z eivÏ †`q| fviZ I cvwK —vb --- GB yB †`‡kB wk¶v , ^v ’ I wkí LvZ¸wj‡Z Riƒix ms¯‹vi ìKvi---A_P GivI G‡¶‡Î Avjv`v bq| cvwK —vb Zvi ev‡R‡Ui 60% eivÏ K‡i‡Q hy×v ¿ I cÖwZi¶v Lv‡Z| hwÌ GLvbKvi †ekxifvM gvbylB Afv‡ei wkKvi ZeyI GB cwiw ’wZ e`jv‡”Q bv| cvigvYweK A‡ ¿i †cQ‡b Av‡gwiKv eQ‡i LiP K‡i 35 wewjqvb Wjvi| 1946 mv‡j hLb AvYweK †evgvi mswk −ó wewfbœ Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv nq ; ZLb †_‡K 1996 mvj ch©š— cÖvq 5.5 wUªwjqb Wjvi LiP nq ( UxKv 10: 10. Nando Times, 1 July 1998)|

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‡Kvb m‡›`n †bB , cÖwZi¶v I hy×v‡ ¿i wcQ‡b †h e¨q eivÏ Kiv nq Zv , Afvex gvbyl‡ì Rb¨ LiP Ki‡j Mixe‡ì Kó `~i n‡Zv| Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y wkï‡ì Rxeb wecbœ nIqv m‡Z¡I ivR‰bwZK wPš—vaviv I wnmve wbKv‡k Kv‡qgx ¯^v_© cÖvavb¨ cvq I Mixe‡ì ^v_© Pvcv c‡o hvq| GKwU w`K we‡klfv‡e D‡j−‡Li `vex iv‡L| wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î cÖwZi¶v Lv‡Z LiP Gov‡bvi †KvbB Dcvq †bB| †Kbbv , ag©nxbZv e‡q Av‡b Av‡iv Ø›Ø , wek„•Ljv , wnsmv I mš¿vm| g‡b nq †h , Gme mgm¨v †_‡KB hv‡e| ZvB , GKwU †`k‡K Aw —Z¡ eRvq ivL‡Z cÖwZi¶v evwnbxi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| wech©q me RvqMv‡ZB| mgm¨vi Dci ïay e³…Zv w`‡j ev mgm¨v Gwo‡q †M‡j ev ïay `vb-Lqiv‡Z Kvh©Ki †Kvb mgvavb Av‡m bv| Abœ , e ¿ , wk¶v I Avkªq welqK wewfbœ wbqwgZ Kg©m~Pxi g‡a¨ mgšq mvab G‡¶‡Î Acwinvh©| GUv †Kej ZLbB m¤¢e hLb gvbyl KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© Rxeb M‡o ms‡e`kxjZv AR©b K‡i| KyiAv‡bi g~j¨‡eva kvwš—c~Y© cwi‡e‡ki wbwðZ Ki‡e hv GKwU †`k‡K GZUv Abyf~wZm¤úbœ Ki‡e ‡h , Zviv Ab¨ †`‡ki AwaKvi‡K ¶zbœ Ki‡e bv| cwiYv‡g cÖwZi¶v ev‡RU mxwgZ Kiv m¤¢eci n‡e I †mB A_© mvgvwRK wbivcËv , kvwš— , DbœZ wk¶v BZ¨vw` RbKj¨vYg~jK Lv‡Z e¨q Kiv hv‡e| cÖwZi¶v Lv‡Z Li‡Pi welqwU GKwU gvÎ D`vniY | G iKg Av‡iv A‡bK mgm¨vi mgvavbI m¤¢e n‡e| KyiAvb I mybœœvnÕi Av`‡k©i g‡a¨ Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨vi mgvavbI i‡q‡Q| GUv Gfv‡e †h , GKRb gvbyl †h KyiAvb I nv`x‡mi Av`‡k© evm K‡i , Zvi c‡¶B m¤¢e wb‡Ri Lvevi †_‡K ¶zavZ© ev BqvZxg‡K fvM †`qv hwÌ †m wb‡RB ZLb ¶yavZ©| Ggb e¨w³ †Kvb Lvivc wRwbl hv wb‡R AcQ›` K‡i , Zv †m Ab¨ KvD‡K `vb K‡i bv| †m Ggb e¨w³ †h Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i , wKš‘ Zvi KvQ †_‡K cÖwZ`vb Avkv K‡i bv|

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abx‡ì AvPiY †Kgb n‡e , Zv Avj −vn cvK& KyiAv‡b myiv b~‡i e‡j w`‡q‡Qb : Ò‡Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv m¤ú` I cÖvPz‡h©i AwaKvix , Zviv †hb kc_ MÖnY bv K‡i †h , Zviv AvZœxq ^Rb I Afvex‡K Ges Avj −vnÕi iv —vq hviv wnRiZ K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì‡K wKQzB †`‡e bv ; Zviv †hb I‡ì‡K ¶gv K‡i I I‡ì †`vl D‡c¶v K‡i| †Zvgiv wK PvI bv †h , Avj −vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¶gv Ki“b ? Avj−vn ¶gvkxj , cig `qvjy ( myiv b~i; 24: 22)| Mixe‡ì e¨cv‡i GKRb abxi KiYxq Kx , Zv KyiAv‡b e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb , Avj −vn e‡j‡Qb abxi m¤ú‡ì Mix‡ei AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| Avj −vn e‡jb , wKQz gvbyl wb‡R‡ì Afv‡ei K_v KvD‡K e‡j bv| wKš‘ , G‡ì AwaKviI i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| Ò Ges Zv‡ì ab -m¤ú‡` Afvex I ewÂZ cÖv_©xi Ask wbav©wiZ i‡q‡Q ( myiv hvwiqvZ; 51: 19 ); Ò `vb ‡m me Afvex †jv‡Ki Rb¨ hviv Avj −vnÕi c‡_ Ave× nIqvi Kvi‡Y RxweKvi A‡š^l‡Y hwg‡b †Nvivwdiv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zuviv gvby‡li Kv‡Q Pvq bv e‡j AÁ e¨w³iv Zuv‡ì‡K abx g‡b K‡i ; Zzwg j¶Y †`‡LB Zuv‡ì wPb‡Z cvi‡e| Zuviv gvby‡li Kv‡Q KvKzwZ wgbwZ K‡i Pvq bv ; †Zvgiv mr c‡_ hv `vb Ki‡Qv , Zv m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn Aek¨B Rv‡bbÓ ( myiv evKviv; 2: 273)|

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hviv †`kZ¨v‡M eva¨ nq , †mB me DØv¯Ë‡ì Kó I hš¿Yv: wek¦e¨vcx Afv‡ei Ab¨Zg cwiYvg n‡jv DØv¯Ë mgm¨v| fvj Kv‡Ri myweav ev DbœZ Rxe‡bi Avkvq A_ev Afve I Rxeb msMÖv‡g wech© — gvbyl A‡bK mgqB MYnv‡i ’vb e`jvq| d‡j A‡bK mgq , `yB †`‡ki g‡a¨ M~i“Zi SMov-weev`-msNl© †j‡M hvq| Z…Zxq we‡k¦i ‡`k¸wj †_‡K AvkªqcÖv_©x‡ì AvMgb‡K cÖ_‡g A‡bK †`kB ^vMZ Rvwb‡qwQj ; Ges D”P ch©v‡qi Avš—R©vwZK Pzw³i gva¨‡g cwðgv †`k¸wj‡Z m¯—vq kªg mieiv‡ni eë¯’v †bqv n‡qwQj| we‡`kx kªwgK‡ì Aí gRyix I KwVb cwiw ’wZ‡ZI KvR Kivi cÖeYZvi Rb¨ GgbwU n‡qwQj| A‡bK w`b a‡iB we‡`kx kªwgKiv Gme †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q| wKš‘ , hLb Gme †`k A_©bxwZ‡Z w ’wZkxjZv I DbœwZ AR©b K‡i ; ZLb Zviv Avi we‡`kx kªwgK ivL‡Z Pvq bv I wbR †`‡ki gvbyl‡K Kv‡R wb‡qvM w`‡Z Pvq| †hgb , gvj‡qwkqv we‡`kx kªwgK‡ì‡K †Rvi K‡i wbR mxgvbv cvi Kivq| Gme gvbyl hviv gvj‡qwkqv G‡mwQj DbœZ Rxe‡bi Avkvq , Zviv eQ‡ii ci eQi G‡`‡k KvR K‡i wbR wbR †`‡k wd‡i †h‡Z eva¨ nq| ïaygvÎ DbœZ Rxe‡bi Avkv‡ZB gvbyl GK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq hvq bv| GK †`‡ki mv‡_ Ab¨ †`‡ki msNl©I gvbyl‡K eva¨ K‡i Avkª‡qi mÜv‡b †ei n‡Z| hy× cieZ©x Afv‡ei Rb¨ GKwU †`‡ki †ekxifvM gvbyl NiQvov nq| hy× †_‡K euvPv‡Z nvRv‡iv gvbyl‡K cvjv‡Z †`‡L wKQz †`k Avkªqnxb‡ì MÖnY Ki‡Z m¤§wZ †`q| cÖPÛ kx‡Zi g‡a¨ A‡bK mgq DØv¯Ëiv mßv‡ni ci mßvn †nu‡U P‡j †Kvb Mš—e¨ ’‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ wbivcËvi Avkvq| wKš‘ , A‡bK mgqB Zviv AvkvnZ nq| 1998 mv‡ji gv‡P© 300,000 Gi †ekx gvbyl K‡mvfvi wewfbœ kni †Q‡o cvjvq| cvjv‡bvi mgq Zxeª kx‡Z A‡b‡KB gviv hvq| 1990 mv‡ji b‡e¤^‡i

53

ivwkqvi Avµgb †_‡K euvP‡Z †P‡Pbiv cv‡q †nu‡U cÖwZ‡ekx †`k¸wj‡Z hvq| wKš‘ , H me †`k wbR wbR mxgvbvq Kov cvnviv emvq Ges cvivcv‡ii Rb¨ KwVb wbqg-Kvbyb evbvq | Giv †P‡Pb‡ì Avkªq w`‡Z Abxnv cÖKvk K‡i| Ae‡k‡l , Zzi‡¯‹i mxgvbvq hLb Gme Avkªqnx‡biv G‡m †cuŠQvq I Avkªq cvq ; ZLb †`Lv hvq †h , cÖPÛ kx‡Z A‡bK bvix , wkï , e„× GiB g‡a¨ gviv wM‡q‡Q| Avwd«Kv‡Z RvwZMZ msN‡l©i Kvi‡Y nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl DØv¯Ë nq| †hgb , Rvqv‡i msNl© N‡U Hutus I Tutsis GB `yB †Mvôxi g‡a¨| d‡j , nvRv‡iv gvbyl `~wf©¶ I gnvgvixi wkKvi nq| Zviv Ab¨ †`‡k Avkª‡qi †Póv Pvjvq wKš‘ †mme †`‡k XyK‡Z e¨_© nq| ( we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡Z co–b Ô eY©we‡ØlÕ Aa¨vqwU )| KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi g~j¨‡eva Aek¨ GK`gB wfbœ ai‡bi mvgvwRK KvVv‡gvi wfZ

’vcb K‡i| GB mgv‡R Mixe I ev¯Ënviv‡ì AwaKvi msiw¶Z _v‡K| G‡ì Ae ’vi Dbœqb I Kó Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ me ai‡bi †PóvB MªnY Kiv nq| wek¦vmx gvby‡liv Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Gwo‡q hvIqvi †Póv K‡i bv| nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: ) Gi mgq hviv Avj −vnÕi iv¯—vq Ni-evwo †Q‡owQj , Zv‡ì cÖwZ wek¦vmx‡ì g‡bvfv‡ei g‡a¨ Bmjvgx Av`k© j¶¨ Kiv hvq- Ò ..gynvwRi‡ì Avmvi Av‡M hviv GB bMix‡Z evm K‡i‡Q I Cgvb G‡b‡Q , Zviv gynvwRi‡ì fvjev‡m I gynvwRi‡ì hv †`qv n‡q‡Q Zvi Rb¨ g‡b AvKv•Lv iv‡L bv , Avi Zviv Zv‡ì‡K wb‡Ri Dci AMÖvwaKvi †`q wb‡Riv AfveMÖ ’ n‡jI| hv‡ì‡K Aš—‡ii Kvc©Y¨ †_‡K gy&³ ivLv n‡q‡Q , ZvivB mdjKvg Ó ( myiv nvki ;59:9)| Ò GB m¤ú` AfveMÖ ’ gynvwRi‡ì Rb¨ hviv wb‡R‡ì Nievwo I m¤úwË †_‡K DrLvZ n‡q‡Q| Zviv Avj −vnÕi AbyMÖn I mš—wó Kvgbv K‡i I Avj −vn I Zuvi ivm~j‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i| GivB †Zv mZ¨vkªqx Ó Ó ( myiv nvki ;59:8)| GB AvqvZ¸wj‡Z cwi®‹vi †evSv hvq , KyiAv‡b †h Av`‡k©i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q , Zv eZ©gv‡b Avgiv hv †`wL Zv †_‡K GK`gB Avjv`v| KyiAv‡b mvnvh¨ cÖv_©xi Av‡e`‡b memgq f`ªZv I `qvi mv‡_ mvov w`‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| hviv †Kvb mgm¨vq ev Afv‡e Av‡Q , Zv‡ì Rb¨ wek¦vmxiv me©vZœK mvnv‡hï †Póv K‡i| Mixe‡K mvnv‡hï mgq KyiAvb `vex K‡i †h , Avkªq`vZviv †Kvb `~e©jZvi cwiPq †`‡e bv | †hgb, wb‡Ri Afv‡ei K_v ejv ev mvnv‡hï `ª‡eï w`‡K bRi †jvf Kiv| Gme Av`k© A‡bK mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i|

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ag©nxb mgv‡R ˆbwZKZvi Ae¶q: Ò Ges †hw`b Dcw ’Z Kiv n‡e Kvwdi‡ì‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi Kv‡Q , †mw`b ejv n‡e †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì myL cvw_©e Rxe‡bB Dc‡fvM K‡iQ , myZivs AvR †Zvgv‡ì‡K AegvbbvKi Avhv‡ei kvw — †`qv n‡e; KviY †Zvgiv c„w_ex‡Z Ab¨vqfv‡e AnsKvi Ki‡Z Ges ‡h‡nZz †Zvgiv cvcvPvi K‡iwQ‡j ( myiv AvnKvd; 46: 20)| Rxe‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ †_‡K m‡i hvIqvi A_© n‡jv wb‡Ri g~j¨‡eva‡K nvwi‡q †djv| GB e¨cviwU †mB gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K Avkv Kiv nq bv , †h Rv‡b g„Zy i ga¨ w`‡q GB Rxe‡bi mgvwß c„w_ex‡Z Aek¨B GKw`b NU‡e| GKBfv‡e †hB e¨w³i KvQ †_‡K gvbweK ¸Yvejx Avkv Kiv hvq bv , †h fv‡e bv †h , GB c„w_exi Kg©KvÛ GK cix¶v I g„Zzï c‡i me wKQzi dj †c‡Z n‡e| †h me mgvR GB weK…Z bxwZ a‡i Av‡Q , Zviv Ava¨vwZœKnxbZvq †fv‡M| GB Aí w`‡bi Rxe‡b Giv e¨w³MZfv‡e wKfv‡e jvfevb n‡e , †mB wPš—vq cÖavbZ: e¨ — _v‡K I wb‡Ri me †jvf-jvjmv PwiZv_© K‡iB mšËó _v‡K| Zviv g‡b K‡i bv , GB Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡K `vqx n‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì G j¶¨ KL‡bvB _v‡K bv †h , wKfv‡e Av`k© PwiÎ MVb Kiv hv‡e ? †Kbbv , Zviv fv‡e , G‡Z Zv‡ì Rxe‡b †Kvb jvf †bB | Gi wecix‡Z , Rxe‡bi cÖwZ åvš— `„wóf½xi Kvi‡Y Zviv †h me gvbyl DcKvix , we‡eKm¤úbœ , mnvbyf~wZkxj , mr Zv‡ì‡K Ò †evKv Ó g‡b K‡i | Giv ~e©‡ji Dci †Rvi LvUvq ; mš¿vm K‡i I A‡bï AwaKvi‡K kª×v K‡i bv| Avj −vn KyiAv‡b M~i“Z¡ w`‡q e‡j‡Qb , hviv g„Zz cieZx© Rxe‡b wek¦vm K‡i bv I †kl wePv‡ii w`b‡K A ^xKvi K‡i , Zv‡ì Ab¨vq Kv‡Ri †Kvb mxgv †bB - Ò†mw`b wg_¨v Av‡ivcKvix‡ì Rb¨ ~f©vM¨| hviv wePv‡ii w`b‡K wg_¨v e‡j| cª‡Z¨K mxgv jsNbKvix cvcxô Qvov Avi †KD GB w`b‡K wg_¨v e‡j bv Ó ( myiv Avj gyZvdwddxb: 83: 10-12)|

55

Gme †jvK‡ì a‡g©i c_ †_‡K wePy¨wZ N‡U I D”PKv•Lvq ZvwoZ n‡q Giv ïay †ekx †ekx †c‡Z Pvq| ax‡i ax‡i GB AvKv•Lv Giv Pvicv‡ki gvbyl‡ì g‡aÏ XywK‡q †`q I Avj −vnÕi wba©vwiZ mxgv‡iLv cvi Ki‡Z AvMÖnx K‡i †Zv‡j| Avgiv GLb Ggb GK mg‡q evm KiwQ , †hLv‡b agx©q g~j¨‡eva‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q , Ggb †jvKB msL¨vq †ekx| wb‡Riv hv Ki‡Q , ïay Zv‡ZB Giv mš—ó bq , G‡ì †Póv _v‡K Ab¨‡ì‡KI GB AÜKvi c‡_ wb‡q Avm‡Z| GUv Ggb GK mgq hLb me ai‡bi A‰bwZKZv be D`¨‡g we —vi jvf Ki‡Q ; Lvivc Kv‡Ri †Kvb mxgv-cwimxgv †Pv‡L c‡o bv; AvMÖvmb , ag©©xq Ava¨vwZœKZvq k~b¨Zv , ˆbwZKZvi Ae¶q , cwZZve„wË ; m¤ú` Rgv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖPÛ DÏxcbv , hv GKwU Avqv‡Z eY©Yv Kiv n‡q‡Q; weK…Z †hŠb-Pvwn`v I AvPiY , †bkvi cÖwZ Avmw³, Ryqv ----- ag©xq wek¦vmnxbZvi d‡j ˆbwZKZvi †h bvbvb gvÎvi Aa:cZb N‡U , Zv wb‡q wek` Av‡jvPbv GLb Avgiv Ki‡ev| bxwZnxbZvi gZev`: GKRb Awek¦vmx e¨vw³ I ~e©j Cgv‡bi e¨w³ hvi Avj−vni I ciKv‡ji cÖwZ wek¦vm Lze GKUv †bB , ‡m e¨wfPvi , Ryqv , Pzwi BZ¨vw` KvR hv Avj −vn wbwl× K‡i‡Qb ,†m me KvR wbwØ©avq K‡i| Gme Amr Kv†Ri g~‡j i‡q‡Q ag©nxbZv| GB gZev‡` wek¦vmxiv fv‡e , gvbyl c„w_ex‡Z nVvr K‡iB G‡m‡Q I ZvB mªóvi Kv‡Q gvby‡li `vqe×Zvi K_v Zviv wek¦vm K‡i bv | weeZ©bev` ag©nxbZv‡K cwicyó K‡i| weeZ©bev` Abymv‡i gvbyl n‡jv cÖvYx RM‡Z GKwU DbœZvi ms¯‹iY| †mB wnmv‡e , †Kvb wKQzi Rb¨B ev †Kvb wKQzi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì `vqe×Zv †bB| ïaygvÎ wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_vB Avgiv fve‡ev| g‡bi †h †Kvb Lvivc B”Qv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ GKRb †Kvb ixwZ-bxwZi †Zvqv°v Ki‡e bv ; Rxe-Rš— hv K‡i , gvbylI wVK †ZgbwUB Ki‡e| ms‡¶‡c , †h gZv`k© †Kvb Ava¨vwZœKZvi w`K-wb‡ ©kbv †`q bv , Zv ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva‡K eyS‡Z e¨_© nq| weL¨vZ †fvMev`xiv I WviDBb g‡Zi cÖPviKiv ¯úó eywS‡q w`‡q‡Q| ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva‡K

56

Awek¦vmxi †Kvb „wó‡Z †`‡L| K‡b©j wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK DBwjqvg cÖwfb e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb , e¯Ëevw`Zv wKfv‡e ‰bwZKZv‡K g~j¨vqb K‡i| AvaywbK weÁvb mivmwi Rvbvq †h , GB wek¦ msMwVZ n‡q‡Q hvwš¿Kfv‡e | cÖK…wZi we‡kl ‡Kvb D‡Ïk¨ †bB GB m„wói wcQ‡b | GB m„wói wcQ‡b †Kvb cwiKíbvKvix ev mªóv †bB , hv‡K hyw³ w`‡q cÖgvY Kiv hvq---wØZxqZ: †Kvb bxwZK_v ev DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cvIqv ˆbwZKZvi K_v weÁvb ^xKvi K‡i bv| gvbeRvwZ †g‡b Pj‡e --- Ggb †Kvb wbw ©ó w`K-wb‡ ©kbv ‡bB| Z…ZxqZ: gvbyl n‡jv GK Awek¦vm¨ iK‡gi RwUj hš¿ we‡kl | e¨w³MZfv‡e GKRb gvbyl bxwZevb nq yBwU Kvi‡Y| 1| eskMZfv‡e 2| cwi‡e‡ki cÖfv‡e| GB †Zv , GUvB n‡jv Avmj K_v| PZz_©Z: Avgiv Aek¨B GB wm×v‡š— Avwm †h , Avgiv hLb gviv hv‡ev , ZLb Avgv‡ì me wKQz g„Zzï mv‡_ mv‡_ †kl n‡q hv‡e ( UxKv 11: Philip Johnson, Darwin On Trial, 2.b. Illinois: Intervarsity Press, 1993, p. 126)| GB †h , weÁvbx I †fvMev`x wb‡RB ej‡Q †h , ag©nxbZv g„Zz i cieZ©x Rxe‡b wek¦vm K‡i bv | Gme gvbyl fv‡e , g„Zz i mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì me wKQz aŸsm n‡q hv‡e| Awek¦vmx‡ì GB weK…Z aviYv m¤ú‡K© KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q : Ò Avgv‡ì GB cvw_©e Rxeb Qvov Avi †Kvb RxebB †bB| Avgiv †KD gi‡ev Avi †KD RxweZ _vK‡ev ( GB †Zv Avgv‡ì Rxeb ) G Qvov Avgiv Avi ‡eu‡P DV‡ev n‡ev bv Ó ( myiv gywgbyb ; 23 : 37 )| hviv g„Zz i c‡i Avevi †eu‡P DVv‡K ¯xKvi K‡i bv , Zviv ˆbwZKZvi Ae:¶‡qi g‡a¨ †Kvb †`vl †`‡L bv ev †Kvb wKQzi †kl mxgv e‡j Zv‡ì Kv‡Q wKQz †bB| Gme gvbyl fv‡e wb‡Ri g‡bi B”Qv †hfv‡eB †nvK& Zv c~iY Ki‡Z †Kvb †`vl †bB| GRb¨ ag©nxbZv n‡jv ˆbwZK Ae:¶‡qi cÖavb KviY| Aa¨vcK cÖwf‡bi e³‡eï Gi mZ¨Zv cvIqv hvq| Awek¦vmx‡ì weK…Z wPš—vaviv I ˆbwZK gyj¨‡eva m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì wPš—vavivi cÖgvY GB e³‡eï wfZ‡i cvIqv hvq|

57

hviv A‰bwZK Kv‡R RwoZ Zv‡ì mevi g‡b nq‡Zv WviDBbev` ev †fvMevw`Zv ZË¡ †bB; Z‡e GUv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h , Gme g‡Zi mg_©Kiv ax‡i ax‡i weK…Z wPš—v-fvebv gvby‡li g‡b XywK‡q †`q| Gi cwiYv‡g gvby‡li g‡a¨ †ekxifvMB GB cvw_©e Rxe‡bi cÖwZ †ekx AvK…ó nq c‡o I ciKv‡ji Rxe‡bi K_v g‡b †i‡L GB ywbqvi Rxeb cwiPvwjZ K‡i bv|

lv‡Ui `k‡Ki cÖRb¥ Bw›`ªq my‡Li †¯^”QvPvwiZvi †Rvqv‡i †f‡m wM‡qwQj ; Gi Kvib eyS‡Z n‡e GB `k©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q †h Giv AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ mxgv‡iLvq wek¦vm Ki‡Zv bv| me ai‡bi A‰bwZK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ GB cÖRb¥ cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| †hgb : D”Q„•Lj †hŠb-Rxeb , †bkv , D×Z ^vaxbZv I we‡`ªvn| lv‡Ui `k‡K hviv wQj cÖPwjZ a¨vY-aviYvi Zxeª mgv‡jvPK , Zviv wZb `kK c‡i eZ©gv‡b nq †`k Pvjv‡”Q ev ¯‹z‡j wk¶v w`‡”Q| †h me AwffveK GLb bZzb cÖRb¥‡K eo Ki‡Q , ZvivI H cÖ_v we‡ivax cÖR‡b¥i| eZ©gv‡b Avgiv ˆbwZKZvi Ggb Ae¶q ‡`LwQ , hv we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m cÖvq bwRiwenxb| Gi KviY , ag©wek¦vmnxb gv-evevi Kv‡Q eo n‡q eZ©gvb cÖRb¥ Av‡iv †ekx Lviv‡ci c‡_ hv‡”Q| KyiAv‡b Avj−vn Ggb cÖR‡b¥i K_v e‡j‡Qb hviv ag© m¤ú‡K© Am‡PZb ; Kvib , Zv‡ì c~e©-cyi“l‡ì mZK© Kiv nq wb--Ò †hb Avcwb mZK© K‡ib Ggb gvbyl‡ì hv‡ì c~e©cyi“l‡ì mZK© Kiv nq wb , d‡j Zviv Mv‡dj i‡q †M‡QÓ ( myiv Bqvwmb: 36: 6)| GB Avqv‡Z †Rvi w`‡q Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q , ag©wek¦vmnxb wcZv-gvZvi mš—vbiv Aavwg©K nq I wcZv-gvZvi g‡Zv ZvivI ˆbwZK g~j¨‡evanxb nq| eZ©gvb mg‡q ˆbwZK `„pZvi †h Ae¶q Zv Av‡gwiKv †_‡K nj¨vÛ , `~i cÖvP¨ †_‡K ivwkqv --Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q co‡Q: Gi cÖavb KviY Ggb me gvbyl‡ì Aw —Z¡ hviv ag©©xq wek¦vmnxbZvi Kvi‡Y g‡b K‡i †h , Zviv Kv‡iv Kv‡Q `vqe× bq | eZ©gvb mg‡q ag©nxbZv Pvwiw`‡K GZ Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q - hv we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m Av‡M KL‡bv †`Lv hvq wb| mgwj‡½i mv‡_ †hŠbZv GLb mgvR Rxe‡b Av`k© n‡q †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| GKB Kvi‡Y , cwZZve„wË , ciKxqv †cÖg , e¨wfPvi ---Gme A‰bwZK KvR‡K AvaywbKZv wnmv‡e †`Lv nq| ag©nxbZvi Kvi‡YB gvbyl wewfbœ g~j¨‡eva †hgb kvjxbZv , j¾v , fvj eënvi BZ¨vw` nvwi‡q †dj‡Q| gvbyl‡K AZ¨š— †Rv‡ii mv‡_ Drmvn †`qv n‡”Q Ggb me

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A‰bwZK KvR‡K Av`k© wnmv‡e g‡b Ki‡Z hv gvÎ K‡qK `kK Av‡MI ˆbwZKZvi „wó‡KvY †_‡K cy‡ivcywifv‡e AMÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj| GUv A ^xKvi Kivi †Kvb Dcvq

†bB †h , ag©‡K A ^xKvi Kivi ga¨ w`‡q m~Pbv N‡U A‰bwZKZvi | Aek¨ A‡bK gvby‡li `vex , ag©nxbZv m‡Z¡I Zviv bxwZevb| Dc‡i D‡j −wLZ †Kvb ai‡bi A‰bwZK Kv‡Ri mv‡_ Zviv RwoZ bv| GUv m¤¢e †h , a‡g© Awek¦vmx GKRb gvbyl †Kvb iK‡gi ~b©xwZ‡Z RwoZ bq I †m fwel¨‡ZI GiKg ~b©xwZgy³ _vK‡Z „pcÖwZÁ ; Z‡e G‡Z GUv †evSvq bv †h Zvi ˆbwZK PwiÎ Lye DbœZ| †h e¨w³ Avj −vnÕi f‡q D”P g~j¨‡ev‡ai cwiPq †`h , †m memgqB fvj AvPiY Ki‡e| Ab¨w`‡K , †h ag©nxb gvbylwU `vex Ki‡Q †h , †m KL‡bv Nyl Lvq wb , hw` ¯v_© c~i‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq , ZLb wKš‘ †m †Q‡ji nvmcvZv‡ji wej w`‡Z Nyl wb‡Z ivRx n‡q hv‡e| Ae ’vi †cÖ¶vc‡U GKRb ag©nxb cwiw ’wZi wkKvi n‡q wKQy K‡i hv †m wb‡RI g‡b K‡i Ab¨vq e‡j| ‡hgb , Lyb Kiv AKíbxq g‡b Ki‡jI a‡g©i fq bv _vK‡j GKw`b iv‡Mi e‡k wbiciva KvD‡K †m †g‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i| ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva `vex K‡i âh© I `„p B”Qvkw³i| cwiw ’wZ hvB †nvK& bv †Kb , GKRb fvj _vKvi Rb¨ msMÖvg Ki‡e| GiKg Abgbxq âh© I `„pZv cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ GKR‡bi †Kvb GKUv j¶¨ _vK‡Z nq| ag©wek¦vmxi †mUv Av‡Q , †Kbbv Zvi Rxe‡bi j¶¨ n‡jv Avj −vni mšËwó , ¶gv I †e‡nk‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki AbygwZ AR©b| Zviv Rv‡b , Avj−vni ivm~j nhiZ gynv¤§v` (`: ) e‡j‡Qb , †Kqvg‡Zi w`b IR‡b mr ¯fv‡ei †P‡q fvix Avi wKQy n‡e bv ( UxKv 12: wZiwghx nv`xm) | ‡mRb¨ Zviv fvj _vKvi me my‡hv‡Mi mØënvi K‡i| Awek¦vmx I j¶¨nxb GKRb gvby‡li †Kvb KviY †bB G ai‡bi âh© I „pZvi cwiPq †`qvi| †hgb , hviv cwZZve„wË K‡i Rxeb Pvjvq , Zviv `vex K‡i †h , Av‡qi Avi †Kvb c_ wQj bv Zv‡ì| hw` Zv‡ì Avj−vn†Z I ciKv‡j wek¦vm Zvn‡j _vK‡Zv , KL‡bvB Zviv RxweKvi Rb¨ G ai‡bi j¾vRbK Kv‡R Rwo‡q covi K_v fve‡Zv bv| ag©fxi“ n‡j Zv‡ì Rvbv _vK‡Zv †m ciKv‡j G cvc Kv‡Ri Revew`wn Zviv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv ; ZvB Av‡MB Zviv Avj−vnÕi f‡q GB KvR †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Zv-

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Ò kqZvb †Zvgv‡ì Afve -AbU‡bi fq †`Lvq I Ak−xjZvi ûKzg †`q| Avi Avj −vn †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZkÖ“wZ †`b Zuvi ¶gvi Ges AbyMÖ‡ni| Avj−vn cÖvPzh©gq , me©Á Ó ( myiv evKviv ; 2: 268)| GB Avqv‡Z †h Bw½Z †`qv n‡q‡Q , †mB Afv‡ei f‡q AwaKvsk gvbyl me ai‡bi A‰bwZK Kv‡R wb‡R‡ì‡K Rwo‡q †d‡j| hLb wek¦vmx gvby‡li g‡bi g‡a¨ A‰bwZK Rxeb hvc‡bi wPš—vI Av‡m bv ; †Kbbv, †m Avj −vnÕi Ki“Yvi cÖZ¨vkx| KyiAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Z Avj −vn M~i“Z¡ Av‡ivc K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h , mªóvi cÖwZ fxwZi Kvi‡Y wek¦vmxiv mr _vKvi msMÖvg K‡i Ò Ges Avj −vn †h m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb , hviv Zv eRvq iv‡L , Zv‡ì ie‡K fq K‡i ; Ges fq K‡i K‡Vvi wnmve‡K| Ges hviv wbR cÖfyi mšËzwói Rb¨ âh© a‡i , h_vh_fv‡e mvjvZ Av`vq K‡i , Avwg Zv‡ì †h wiwhK w`‡qwQ , Zv n‡Z †Mvc‡b I cÖKv‡k¨ e¨q K‡i I hviv fvj w`‡q g›`‡K ~i K‡i ---G‡ìB Rb¨ ïf cwiYvg Ó ( myiv iv` ; 13 : 21-22 )| eq¯‹iv †h mgm¨vi gy‡LvgyLx nq: fx‡oi ev‡m e„×iv `vwo‡q _v‡K Avi Kgeqmx †Q‡j-‡g‡qiv Zv‡ì †Pv‡L †PvL ivLv Gwo‡q wm‡U e‡mB _v‡K| KL‡bv N›Uvi ci N›Uv Kov †iv‡` ev Zzgyj e„wó‡Z e„×iv jvB‡b `vwo‡q A‡c¶v K‡i| eq‡mi fv‡i K¬vš— gv-evevi GKUz †ekx h‡Zœi ìKvi Av‡Q| wKš‘ , GBRb¨ A‡bK †Q‡j‡g‡qi Kv‡QB e„× gv- evev †evSv we‡kl| we‡kl K‡i ,gv-evev hw` kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e Amy ’ nq ,Zvn‡j A‡bK mš—v‡bi Kv‡QB gv-evev Avi wcÖq _v‡K bv| G¸wj n‡jv Aí wKQy mgm¨v hvi gy‡LvgywL cÖwZwbqZ e„×‡ì n‡Z nq| hviv e„× Zviv kª×v , fvjevmv , hZœ cvIqvi `vex iv‡L | Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡š— G‡m Ae‡njv Zv‡ì cÖvc¨ bq| ag©nxb mgv‡R e„×iv kvixwiK , gvbwmK, Ava¨vwZœK mgm¨vq †fv‡M| e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK bvbv cÖwZeÜKZv e„×‡ì RxebhvÎv‡K KwVb K‡i ‡d‡j| †h ~e©ënv‡ii wkKvi Zviv nq , Zv Zv‡ì mgm¨v‡K A‡bK ¸Y evwo‡q †d‡j| e„×‡ì i¶v Ki‡Z I Zv‡ì‡K h_vh_ m¤§vb †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ KyiAv‡b wb‡`©k †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avj −vn e„×‡ì cÖvc¨ m¤§vb m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb Ò Avi †Zvgvi ie Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb †h ,Zuv‡K Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv Bev`Z K‡iv bv Ges wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ fvj eënvi

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K‡iv| hw` Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD A_ev Df‡qB †Zvgvi RxeÏkvq eva©‡K¨ DcbxZ nq , Z‡e Zzwg Zv‡ì‡K ÔDn& Õ ch©š— e‡jv bv Ges Zv‡ì‡K agK wÌ bv; Zv‡ì mv‡_ webgªfv‡e m¤§vbm~PK K_v e‡jv Ó ( myiv Bmiv : 17: 23)| KyiAv‡bi Ávb hv‡ì Av‡Q , Zv‡ì mgv‡R I Afvexiv KL‡bv mnvbyf~wZnxbZv , A‰ah© , mš¿vm , cÖPÛ ivMvivwM BZ¨vwì gy‡LvgywL nq bv| a‡g© wek¦vmxiv eq¯‹ I Kg-eqmx hviv , Zv‡ì meviB Rb¨ kvwš—c~Y© cwi‡e‡ki m„wó K‡i| GB Kv‡Ri cyi®‹vi Zviv ïaygvÎ Avj −vnÕi Kv‡QB Avkv K‡i| hvi wek¦vm Av‡Q , †m Kgeqmx ev eq¯‹ †hB †nvK& bv †Kb , memgqB †m †Póv Ki‡e mnvbyf~wZkxj , kª×vkxj I we‡ePK n‡Z| †h mgvR ag© †_‡K `~‡i _v‡K , †mLv‡b e„×iv gvby‡li Kv‡Q bvbv Kvi‡Y weiw³Ki †evSv| A‡bK mgq eq¯‹ gvbyl‡ì‡K Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì †`v‡lI Av‡kcv‡ki gvby‡liv cQ›` K‡i bv| †h mgv‡R KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi bxwZ ‡g‡b Pjv nq , †mLv‡b Ggb cwiw¯’wZi m„wó nq bv ; †Kbbv , GB cwi‡e‡ki mevB Ggb wK AwZ e„×ivI mr ¸Yvejx cÖ k©‡Yi †Póv K‡i me ai‡bi cwiw ’wZ‡ZB| Amr Kv‡R Rwo‡q co‡Z gvbyl‡K Drmvn †`qv nq: AvRKvj AvaywbKZv ev ^vaxbZvi bv‡g gvbyl‡K we‡kl K‡i Kgeqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì‡K A‰bwZK AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi w`‡K †V‡j †`qv nq| †h me AvPvi -AvPiY K‡qK `kK Av‡MI Lye KovKwofv‡e Gwo‡q Pjv n‡Zv , AvR Zv mgvR Rxe‡b G‡Kev‡i wg‡k wM‡q‡Q | me ai‡bi A‰bwZKZvi QvocÎ AvR wUwf , U¨vej‡qW Avi g¨vMvwR‡bi Kj¨v‡Y mnRjf¨ | cÖZviYv , mgKvwgZv , cwZZve„wË---gv, eveviv AvR wb‡R‡ì †g‡q‡K GB †ckvq †V‡j w`‡”Q| Ryqvox , Z_vKw_Z ZviKv hv‡ì ‰bwZK AvPiY †kvPbxq , Zv‡ì‡K Av`k© wnmv‡e mgv‡R Dc ’vcb Kiv nq| KL‡bv Ggb nq †h mwZ¨B Zviv Zxeª N„Yvi cvÎ , wKšË ZL‡bv RbMY Zv‡ì RxebhvÎv‡KB bKj K‡i|‡h Bw› ªqcivqb , A‰bwZK Rxeb Av`k© ZviKviv †g‡b P‡j , †mUv‡K ejv nq AvaywbKZv; KL‡bv ev ‡mUvB mf¨Zv| GB gZev‡ì GKwU dj n‡jv eZ©gvb eQi¸wj‡Z †g‡q‡ì gZ †cvkvK civ , mvR-m¾v Kiv cyi“l‡ì g‡a¨ e¨vcKfv‡e Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| GB †h mgvR GZ bx‡P †b‡g †M‡Q , Zv gvby‡li AcwiYvg`wk©Zvi GK cÖZxK| weL¨vZ gvby‡liv ciKxqv †cÖg , e¨wfPvi , †bkv Kiv Gme KvR‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i|

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Am‡PZb RbMY Gme ZviKv‡ì AvPvi-AvPiY †_‡K ïi“ K‡i gZv`k© , a¨vY-aviYv , †cvkvK , fvlv BZ¨vw` me wKQyB bKj K‡i| ¯í eyw×i gy» f³iv Lye KgB eyS‡Z cv‡i †h , GB me ZviKviv hviv j¶-‡KvwU RbM‡Yi AwZwi³ cÖksmv I D”Qv‡mi cvÎ ,Zviv Avm‡j KwVb gvbwmK , †hŠb I Ava¨wZœK mgm¨vi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Q| ZviKv‡ì wfZ‡ii Lei iv‡L hviv , Zviv Zv‡ì‡K GRb¨ cÖwZwbqZ Ac` ’ K‡i| †ekxifvM gvbylB GUv eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| Avj −vn GB m‡Zï w`‡K `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i e‡j‡Qb , hv‡ì a‡g© wek¦vm †bB , Zv‡ì cÖK…Z Ávb †bB- Ò †Zvgv‡ì‡K hv wKQy `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q ,Zv †Zv cvw_©e Rxe‡bi †fvM-m¤¢vi I Zvi †kvfv gvÎ; Ges Avj −vnÕi Kv‡Q hv Av‡Q Zv Gi †P‡q A‡bK fvj I ‡ekx ’vqx| ZeyI wK †Zvgiv eyS‡Z cv‡iv bv ?Ó ( myiv Kvmvm ; 28 : 60 )| wPš—vkxj , Ávbx , we‡eKm¤úbœ , eyw×gvb gvbyl hv‡ì g‡b Avj −vnÕi m¤ú‡K© cÖPÛ fq Av‡Q ,Zv‡ì‡K mgv‡Ri ˆbwZK KvVv‡gv M‡o w`‡Z n‡e| Zviv GKwU ¯v ’ Ki ˆbwZK mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv‡K cwicyó Ki‡e ; Lvivc wKQy‡K mgvR †_‡K Zvov‡e| wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ,Zi“Y-Zi“Yxiv MÇvwjKvq Mv bv fvwm‡q PwiÎ my „p Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡e| we‡eKm¤úbœ gvbyl ZvivB hviv mgvR‡K aŸsm bq eis Kj¨v‡Yi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| GivB n‡jv †Lvjv g‡bi gvbyl , hviv ¯vaxbfv‡e wPš—v Ki‡Z cv‡i mgvR‡K wb‡q| ag©nxbZv‡K evwZj Kivq Giv AÜ we‡eKnxb nq bv I †mRb¨ Rxe‡bi gv‡b Kx , Zv Zviv ai‡Z cv‡i| Avj −vn Zv‡ì‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb , GB mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vKvq Gme gvby‡liv Avj−vn Õi Kv‡Q `vqe×Zv Ab~fe K‡i I DËg Pwi‡Îi cwiPq †`q| ‡h‡nZz Zviv KyiAvb I mybœvn‡K †g‡b P‡j , ZvB Zviv Ávbx , we‡eKm¤úbœ gvby‡li D`vniY AbymiY K‡i whwb DËg Pwi‡Îi Rb¨ msMÖvg K‡ib - †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Avj −vn I †kl wePv‡ii w`b‡K fq K‡i Ges Avj −vn‡K †ekx K‡i ¯§iY K‡i , Zv‡ì Rb¨ Aek¨B DËg Av`k© i‡q‡Q ivm~‡ji g‡a¨ Ó ( myiv Avnhve ; 33: 21 )| hviv fvj _vKvi Rb¨ me©vZœK †Póv K‡i Zv‡ì cÖksmv Ki‡j Avi DbœZ , ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva¸wj‡K gvby‡li Kv‡Q fvj wnmv‡e Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡j Ges A‰bwZK AvPiY¸wji wb›`v Rvbv‡j gvbyl Avi A‰bwZK Kv‡R mn‡RB Rwo‡q co‡e bv|

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B”Qvkw³i Afve Awek¦vmx‡ì êwkó¨: gv`‡Ki †bkv: gv`‡Ki †bkv evo‡Q , we‡kl K‡i MZ `k‡K GB nvi wec`&RbKfv‡e †e‡o‡Q| wewfbœ Rix‡c GB mZ¨ Rvbv †M‡Q †h , †ekxifvM Kgeqmx †Q‡j‡g‡qB †bkv K‡i _v‡K| cy‡iv c„w_ex Ry‡o †bkv‡Lvi‡ì msL¨v D‡ØMRbK| 1992 mv‡j GK Rix‡c ejv nq , weª‡U‡bi 13-19 eq‡mi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì 50% fvMB †bkv K‡i| weª‡U‡bi †bkv‡Lvi‡ì g‡a¨ 30% n‡jv GB wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv | Ab¨ Av‡iK Rix‡c cÖKvk , 1988 -95 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †bkvi wcQ‡b gvwK©bxiv LiP K‡i‡Q 57.3 wewjqb Wjvi| ( UxKv 13: http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofax/costs. html) me ai‡bi †bkv gvby‡li ¯v‡ ’ i Rb¨ ¶wZKi| GKRb †bkv‡Lv‡ii †kl VuvB mgv‡Ri AÜKvi †Kv‡Y| ‡bkvi Li‡Pi Rb¨ Zvi ìKvi _v‡K cÖPzi UvKvi A_P †bkv Zv‡K kvixwiKfv‡e A¶g K‡i Zz‡j KvR Ki‡Z| GB ch©v‡q †bkv‡Lvi †Q‡j-‡g‡qiv LiP †gUv‡Z AvBb we‡ivax A‡bK Kv‡R Rwo‡q c‡o| †hgb : Pzwi , cÖZviYv , cwZZve„wË -KL‡bv wecixZ wj‡½i mv‡_ ev KL‡bv mgwj‡½i mv‡_ BZ¨vw`| A_© msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ gwiqv n‡q Ges f`ª †Kvb Kv‡R RwoZ nIqvi †hvM¨Zv bv _vKvq Giv Gme A‰bwZK Kv‡R wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ Rwo‡q c‡o| ‡Kvb gvbyl wb‡Ri B”Qvq Ggb bxP Rxe‡bi mv‡_ wb‡R‡K Rov‡Z cv‡i , GUv Kíbv KivI K‡ói| †Kvb Ávbx , we‡eKm¤úbœ gvbyl GgbwU Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| `„p B”Qvkw³i Afv‡e - hv ag©nxb e¨vw³‡ì êwkó¨--Gi †P‡qI †ekx ¶wZ gvby‡li nq| Avj−vn KyiAv‡b e‡j‡Qb , Ò wbðqB Avj −vn gvby‡li cÖwZ we›`ygvÎ Ryjyg K‡ib bv , eis gvbylB wb‡R‡ì cÖwZ hyjyg K‡i Ó ( myiv BDbym; 10: 44 )| wK‡kvi-Zi“Y‡ì‡K †bkv Ki‡Z Drmvn †`qvUv ag©nxb gvbyl‡ì Pwi‡Îi GKwU w`K| gv`K eëmvqxiv ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva¸wj †hgb: we‡eK , mnvbyf~wZ , ¶gv , Ki“Yv BZ¨vw` cy‡ivcywifv‡e nvwi‡q ‡d‡j‡Q | GB eëmvqxiv ïaygvÎ Av‡iv A‡_©i †jv‡f †bkvi RM‡Z wK‡kvi-Zi“Y‡ì wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨ AvcÖvY †Póv K‡i| j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKv ev ivwkqvq gv`‡Ki eëmv me‡P‡q jvfRbK eëmv¸wji GKwU| ej‡Z

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†M‡j ivóªxqfv‡e gv`‡Ki eëmv‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv nq A_ev GB gv`K Pµ‡K KvR Ki‡Z †`qv nq| GB mvgwMÖK gv`K eëmv P‡µi g‡a¨ †Kvb GK c‡¶iI hw` ag© , Avj −vn I ciKv‡j wek¦vm _vK‡Zv ,Z‡e GB c„w_ex gv`‡Ki mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ †cZ| Avj −vni cÖwZ fq †_‡K GB gv`K P‡µi m`mïv †bkvi mv‡_ †Kvbfv‡e wb‡R‡K bv Rov‡Zv--bv eëmvi mv‡_ bv LvIqvi mv‡_ --Zvn‡j wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ GB mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b A‰ea gv`‡Kieëmv I †bkv Kiv e‡›ai Rb¨ A‡bK D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡jI †mme mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨_© n‡”Q| †hgb , †bkv‡Lvi‡ì‡K †Rvi K‡i nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q wM‡q †bkv Qvov‡bvi Rb¨ wPwKrmv †`qv n‡j †Kvb jvf nq bv| wPwKrmvi c‡iI Zviv cyiv‡bv Af¨v‡m wd‡i hvq| ‡RjLvbvq gv`KP‡µi m`mïv A‰eafv‡e †bkvi eëmv Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡q Pvwj‡q hvq| GKRb †bkv‡Lvi‡K D×vi Kivi GKgvÎ Dcvq n‡jv Zv‡K `„p B”Qkw³ cÖ vb Kiv| †KejgvÎ ag©B cv‡i gvbyl‡K A`g¨ BPQvkw³ w`‡Z| Ggb Kx , †h Awek¦vmxiv evwn¨Kfv‡e „p BPQvkw³i cÖ k©b K‡i , Zv‡ìI g‡bi Mfx‡i wKQy GKUvi mÜv‡b Zxeª AvKvsLv KvR K‡i , hv Zv‡ì‡K `~e©j K‡i †d‡j | ïay Avj −vn I †`vh‡Li Av¸‡bi fqB gvbyl‡K w`‡Z cv‡i cÖej B”Qvkw³ , hv †KD ev †KvbwKQy civwRZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| wKQy j¾vRbK A_P eûj cÖPwjZ AvPiY :- cwZZve„wË , e¨wfPvi I mgKvwgZv: RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Dcvq wnmv‡e cwZZve„wË `ªyZ Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q co‡Q| GKwU eQi cvi nq , Avi cwZZv‡ì Mo eqm Av‡iv K‡g A_©vr Av‡iv Kg eqmx †g‡qiv †ekx K‡i GB ‡ckvq Avm‡Q| KL‡bv Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì cwieviB Kgeqmx †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡ì‡K †`n wewµ Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| †h eq‡m GB me Kgeqmx wkï‡ì wb‡R‡ìB Avì-hZœ-wbivcËv cÖ‡qvRb - †mB eq‡m G‡ì‡K wefrm ‡ckvq †V‡j †`qv n‡”Q; GUv †`‡L we‡k¦i me †`‡kiB mZK© nIqv DwPr hv‡Z Zviv Gme wkï‡ì i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i GB cÖPÛ ¶wZi nvZ †_‡K| A_P , N‡U m¤ú~Y© D‡ëvUv| †hgb , wdwjcvB‡b ch©UK‡ì AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ wkï‡ì‡K cwZZve„wË‡Z Rwo‡q co‡Z Drmvn †`qv nq|

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we‡k¦i A‡bK ‡`‡kB , †h me RvqMvq wkï cwZZv i‡q‡Q , ch©UK‡ì cÖPÛ fxo †mLv‡b j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Av‡iKwU e¨vcK cÖmvwiZ A‰bwZK KvR n‡jv e¨wfPvi| GKwU Rixc ( National Certified Health Statiscis ) Abyhvqx Av‡gwiKv‡Z beRvZ wkï‡ì 32% n‡jv GB e¨wfPv‡ii dmj| A_©vr cÖwZ eQi 1, 267, 383 Rb wkïi Rb¥ n‡”Q AweevwnZ `¤úwZ‡ì A‰bwZK m¤úK© †_‡K| (www.thewinds.org/arc_editorials/government/world_crisis08-98.html)| GwU gvÎ 2-3 `kK Av‡MI AKíbxq wQj| eZ©gv‡b GwU †ivRKvi Rxe‡bi Ask n‡q wM‡q‡Q| e¨wfPvi cvw_©e I Ava¨vwZœK Rxe‡bi †h ¶wZ K‡i Zv ¯úó cÖgvwYZ| GUv D‡j−L Kivi wK †Kvb ìKvi Av‡Q †h , AweevwnZ `¤úwZ ev AweevwnZ GKK gv †h wb‡RI AcÖvßeq¯‹v , †m hLb †Kvb wkïi Rb¥ †`q ,ZLb †mB wkï Rb¥ †_‡KB bvbv mgm¨vi ga¨ w`‡q eo nq ? Gme wkï‡ì fwel¨r A‡bK mgqB nq KjswKZ| 1998 mv‡ji 9 gvP© cÖKvwkZ ''A Sypnosis of Current World Crisis Reports" cvwievwiK KvVv‡gvi gyj¨‡ev‡ai Aa:cZb wb‡q gš—e¨ K‡i‡Q , Ò GB kZvãxi ïi“‡Z mgv‡Ri †h i“cvš—i N‡U , Zv‡Z mvgvwRK wZbwU wfwË bó n‡Z eva¨ nq ----cÖ_gZ: G mg‡q mgv‡Ri wfwË wnmv‡e cwievi cÖ_v I ˆbwZKZvi g~j¨‡eva aŸsmcÖvß nq| GwU 60 Gi `kK †_‡K cÖv_wgKfv‡e ïi“ nq| GLb †`k‡K kvmb K‡i †h DMÖcš’xiv,ZLb Zviv cwiwPZ wQj Ô wnwàÕ bv‡g| Zv‡ì msw¶ß bxwZK_v wQj D`vi fvjevmv | Lye Kg RbB j¶¨ K‡iwQj †h GB wnwàiv Avm‡j D`vi bq , †Kbbv , Zviv memgqB Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ SMov -gvivgvwi Ki‡Zv I Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Avm‡j †Kvb fvjevmv wQj bv| hv wQj ,Zv n‡jv A‰bwZKZv I Aa:cZb Ó| ( UxKv 15 : www.thewinds.org/arc_editorials/government/world_crisis 08-98.html) e¨wfPvi n‡jv GKwU kqZvbx KvR hv KyiAv‡b wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q | G cvc KvR hviv Ki‡e , Zv‡ì Rb¨ cwiYv‡g i‡q‡Q †`vh‡Li Av¸b , hw` Zviv Avš—wiKfv‡e AbyZß bv nq| Ò †Zvgiv e¨wfPv‡ii Kv‡QI †hIbv| Aek¨B GUv Ak−xj KvR I wbK…ó cš’v Ó

( myiv Bmiv/ ebx-BmivBj; 17:32 )|

65

Ò Avi Zviv Avj−vnÕi mv‡_ Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡mï Bev`Z K‡i bv ; Avj −vn hvi nZ¨v nvivg K‡i‡Qb h_v_© KviY Qvov Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i bv I e¨wfPvi K‡i bv| Avi †h Ggb †m †Zv KwVb Avhv‡ei gy‡LvgyLx n‡eB Ó( myiv dziKvb; 25: 68)|

eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ gZev` Abymv‡i e¨wfPvi hv gvbyl‡K Av¸‡bi w`‡K wb‡q hvq , Zv n‡jv Ô AvaywbKZvÕ I A‡bK gvbylB GB cvc KvR Ki‡Z AvMÖnx _v‡K|

gvÎ wKQyw`b Av‡MI mgv‡Ri ˆbwZKZvi gvcKvwV‡Z mgKvwgZv G‡Kev‡iB MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| GLb GB j¾vRbK KvRwU mvgvwRK Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i †d‡j‡Q|mgKvgxiv GLb A‡bK mvgvwRK AwaKvi †fvM K‡i †hgb : we‡q †_‡K ïi“ K‡i mš—vb †bqv--Ab¨ gv‡qi Mf© fvov K‡i mš—v‡bi Rb¥ w`‡q †mB mš—v‡bi AvBbx AwaKvi jvf Kiv A_ev †Kvb wkï‡K `ËK †bqv BZ¨vw`| Zviv wewfbœ cvwU© I K¬v‡e Ges ïaygvÎ Zv‡ì Rb¨ Av‡qvwRZ mfvq †h‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ mvgwqKx I msev`cÎ Avgv‡ì g‡bi g‡a¨ GUv XywK‡q †`q †h , mgKvwgZv Lye RbwcÖq I Rxe‡bi GKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ w`K|

mgKvwgZv n‡jv weK…Z †hŠb - gvbwmKZv | ZeyI , Gi c‡¶ cÖPvi Kiv nq †h , ÒcÖ‡Z¨‡Ki AwaKvi Av‡Q wbR wbR cQ›` Abyhvqx KvR Kivi A_ev †hŠbZv Dc‡fvM Kivi; Ó GK eyw×e„wËK ‡gvo‡K ‡X‡K †`qv nq mgKvwgZv‡K ; d‡j GB KvR mgv‡R êa n‡q wM‡q‡Q| mevB GKgZ n‡eb †h ,mgKvgx I cwZZv‡ì RxebhvÎvq ˆbwZKZvi Afve i‡q‡Q|

Giv mvaviYZ AvMÖvmx ai‡bi nq , hv‡ì‡K †Kvb wKQy †evSv‡bv KwVb| Giv A‡bK Awfkvc ‡`q | wb‡R‡ì †`n I evwo-Ni Giv cwi®‹vi iv‡L bv| G‡ì ü`q gvby‡li cÖwZ GZUv ivM I N„Yvq cwic~Y© †h , †KvbiKg Aciva‡eva QvovB Giv mn‡RB wb‡R‡ì †Quvqv‡P †ivM¸wj Ab¨ gvby‡li g‡a¨ msµvwgZ K‡i| Giv †Kvb Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ MÛx ev evav gv‡b bv| G‡ì g‡a¨ m¤§vb‡eva †bB| gvbwmKfv‡e Giv Amy ’ |ZvB , AvZœnZ¨v ev Lyb Kivi SuywKi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Giv|

mgv‡R G‡ì †Kvb Kj¨vYKi Ae`vb †Zv †bB-B; D‡ëv Giv n‡jv Akvwš— , D‡ËRbv , Amy ’Zv I A‰bwZKZvi KviY| gvby‡li Aa:cZb NUv‡bvi Rb¨B MYgva¨g mgKvwgZv‡K GZ M~i“Z¡ †`q| MYgva¨‡g I we‡bv`b RM‡Z †h‡nZz mgKvgx‡ì h‡_ó cÖ‡ekvwaKvi i‡q‡Q , ZvB G‡ì †Rvi`vi cÖPviUv nq LyeB djcÖmy|

66

Gfv‡e GB AccÖPvi Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ mgv‡Ri ˆbwZK gyj¨‡eva wPiZ‡i ~e©j n‡q c‡o | GKwU Aa:cwZZ mgv‡Ri Ab¨Zg M~i“Z¡c~Y© êwkó¨ n‡jv a‡g© wek¦vmnxbZv| mgKvwgZv n‡jv Ggb GK weK…Z †hŠb-AvPiY hvi cwiYv‡g Avj −vn GB `ywbqv I cieZ©x Rxe‡b kvw —i cÖwZkªywZ w`‡q‡Qb---hw` †`vlx gvbylwU Avj −vni Kv‡Q mwZ¨Kvifv‡e AbyZß n‡q gvd bv Pvq|

Avj −vn KyiAv‡b †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb , wKfv‡e nhiZ jyZ (Av: ) Gi Aeva¨ hviv n‡qwQj , Zv‡ì‡K wZwb aŸsm K‡iwQ‡jb| H gvbyl¸wj wQj mgKvgx| Zv‡ì wech©‡qi Kvwnbx BwZnvm n‡q i‡q‡Q| hLb jyZ (Av: ) mgKvgx‡ì‡K weK…Z AvPiY Z¨vM Ki‡Z ej‡jb I Avj −vni mZK© evYx Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡jb ; Zviv Zv‡K A ^xKvi Ki‡jv I weK…Z mgKvwgZv Pvwj‡q †Mj|

d‡j nhiZ jyZ (Av: ) Zv‡ì‡K †h wec` m¤ú‡K© Av‡MB mveavb K‡iwQj , †mB wech©‡q Zviv aŸsm n‡q †Mj -Ò mviv Rvnv‡bi gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ †Zvgiv wK cyi“l‡ì mv‡_ DcMZ nI? Avi †Zvgiv eR©b Ki‡Qv †Zvgv‡ì ie †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †m ¿x‡jvK‡ì m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì‡K , eis †Zvgiv †Zv mxgv jsNbKvix KIg| Zviv ej‡jv : †n jyZ ; Zzwg hw` weiZ bv nI , Z‡e Aek¨B †Zvgv‡K GLvb †_‡K ‡ei K‡i †`qv n‡e| jyZ ej‡jb : Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K G KvR‡K AZ¨š— N„Yv Kwi| †n Avgvi ie| Avgv‡K I Avgvi cwievieM©‡K Zviv hv K‡i , Zv †_‡K i¶v Ki“b| AZ:ci Avwg Zv‡K I Zvi cwiev‡ii mevB‡K i¶v Kijvg , GK e„×v Qvov , †m wQj Avhv‡e wbcwZZ †jvK‡ì kvwgj| Gici Ab¨‡ì‡K aŸsm Kijvg| Avi Avwg Zv‡ì Dci GK we‡kl e„wó el©Y Kijvg| fxwZ cÖ wk©Z‡ì Rb¨ G e„wó wQj AwZ wbK…ó| G†Z i‡q‡Q wbwðZ wb`k©b , wKš— Zv‡ì AwaKvskB gyÕwgb bq...Ó( myiv ïqviv : 26:165-174)|

mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb Ges G m¤úwK©Z ms ’v¸wj †hfv‡e mgm¨vi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Q Zv mwZ¨B D‡ØMRbK:

Gme ms ’vi †KvbUvB GB m‡Zï cÖwZ M~i“Z¡ †`q bv †h , GB weK…Z AvPiY Kiv wVK bq ; GUv Avj −vn‡K AmšËó K‡i ; hvi dj n‡jv GB ywbqvq Kó I ciKv‡j Aš—nxb kvw — | GB weK…Z gvby‡liv mgv‡R ‡h Amy ’Zv Qov‡”Q , Zv ~i Ki‡Z n‡e|

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GQvovI , Av‡iv Ri“ix n‡jv Gme mgKvgx gvbyl‡ì‡K GB weK…Z AvPiY †_‡K i¶v Kiv hv‡Z Zviv wbgw¾Z n‡q Av‡Q|

eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z †KvwU , †KvwU gvbyl weK…Z AvPiY I jv¤ú‡Uï g‡a¨ emevm Ki‡Q| Giv åvš— me gZev‡ì Rb¨ bxwZnxbZv , we‡`ªvn I me ai‡bi wekªx AvPiY Rxe‡bi Ask K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K , †h mgv‡R gvbyl a‡g© wek¦vm iv‡L , Zviv msMÖvg K‡i Av‡iv fvj n‡Z , Av‡iv m¤§vwbZ n‡Z| i“wPevb I mr n‡Z|

GB mwVK c‡_i gvbyl‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avj −vn KyiAv‡b e‡j‡Qb , Ò.....Avj −vn †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Cgvb‡K wcÖq K‡i‡Qb I Zv †Zvgv‡ì Aš—‡i my‡kvwfZ K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| Avi wZwb †Zvgv‡ì Aš—‡i N„Yv Rwb¥‡q w`‡q‡Qb Kzdix , dv‡mKx I Aeva¨Zvi cÖwZ| Avi GiKg †jv‡KivB mr c‡_ i‡q‡Q Ó ( myiv ûRyivZ; 49 : 7 )|

GKgvÎ ag©wek¦vmB cv‡i gvbyl‡K Lvivc KvR I weK…Z AvPiY †_‡K `~‡i ivL‡Z hvi d‡j d‡j mgv‡R fvj g~j¨‡eva Qwo‡q c‡o |

Avj −vn e‡jb, Ò Avcbvi cÖwZ ‡h Inx bvwhj n‡q‡Q Zv Ave„wË Ki“b Ges mvjvZ Kv‡qg Ki“b| wbðqB mvjvZ Ak−xj I g›` KvR †_‡K weiZ iv‡L | Avj −vnÕi ¯§iYB †kªôZi| †Zvgiv hv K‡iv Avj−vn Zv Rv‡bb Ó( myiv AvbKveyZ; 29 : 45 )|

gvby‡li Rxe‡b Ryqv ¶wZKi : eZ©gvb mg‡q Ryqv mgvR‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡”Q| Ryqv Ab¨Zg jvfRbK Av‡qi c_| Avb›`-d‚wZ© Kivi bv‡g Ryqv †Ljvi wcQ‡b †h cÖPzi UvKv LiP Kiv nq , Zv fvj †Kvb Kv‡R †hgb: RbKj¨vYg~jK LvZ¸wj‡Z LiP Kiv †hZ| gvby‡li Dci Ryqvi cÖfve AZ¨š— ¶wZKi| Ryqvi ‡evSv enb Kiv †h mgv‡Ri c‡¶ m¤¢e bq , Zv wUwf I cwÎKvi Lei¸wj co‡j ¯úó †evSv hvq| Ryqv †Lj‡Z wM‡q FYMÖ ’ n‡q gvbyl AvZœnZ¨v K‡i| Ryqvi Rb¨ Avw_©K A¯^”QjZvi Kvi‡Y cwiev‡ii m`mïv GKmv‡_ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv ; Zviv gvbwmK welbœZvq †fv‡M ; KL‡bv ev gvbyl‡K LybI K‡i †d‡j ; †Kbbv, eQ‡ii ci eQi Kó K‡i †h A_©-m¤ú` Zviv Rwg‡qwQj , Zv Ryqvi Avm‡i gvÎ K‡qK N›Uvq nvZQvov n‡q hvq| weevn-we‡”Q` nIqv cwievi , mgm¨vq RR©wiZ `v¤úZ¨ m¤úK© I †eAvBbxfv‡e msM„nxZ A‡_©i Dci M‡o DVv A_©‰bwZK GB LvZ ( Ryqv †Ljv ) ˆbwZK Ae:¶‡qi GKwU †Rviv‡jv D`vniY|

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GUv LyeB Avð‡h©i e¨cvi , †h Ryqv †Ljv mgv‡Ri GZ ¶wZ Ki‡Q †mUvi gva¨‡gB A_© †ivRMv‡ii Avkvq Ryqv †Ljv‡K cÖPÛfv‡e DrmvwnZ Kiv nq I êaZv †`qvi †Póv P‡j| hviv wb‡R‡ì we‡e‡Ki K_v †kv‡b , Zv‡ì †KD G ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hviv Ryqv‡K mgv‡R eûjfv‡e cÖPwjZ n‡Z w`‡”Q hv wKbv A‡bK y:L-K‡ói KviY -- wb‡R‡ì hLb ¶wZ nq , ZLb Ryqvi ¶wZi mZ¨Zv wb‡R‡ì Kv‡Q ¯xKvi K‡i | wb‡Riv Pigfv‡e ¶wZi wkKvi bv nIqv ch©š— GB gvby‡liv Ab¨ gvbyl‡K y:†Li c‡_ †V‡j †`q| GB ai‡bi we‡eKnxbZvi g~j aŸsm Kiv m¤¢e GKgvÎ KyiAv‡bi Av`k©‡K †g‡b wb‡q| Avj −vn Ryqv‡K A‡kvfb KvR e‡j‡Qb Ges gvbyl‡K mZK© K‡i Ryqv †_‡K ~‡i _vK‡Z e‡j‡Qb - Ò I‡n hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Qv | g` ,Ryqv , cÖwZgv Ges fvM¨ wbY©vqK Zxi --Gme †bvsiv -AcweÎ , kqZv‡bi KvR Qvov Avi wKQy bq ; myZivs †Zvgiv Gme †_‡K †eu‡P _v‡Kv hv‡Z †Zvgiv mdjKvg n‡Z cv‡iv| kqZvb †Zv Pvq g` I Ryqvi gva¨‡g †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ kÎ“Zv I we‡Øl m„wó Ki‡Z Ges Avj −vni ¯§iY I bvgvh †_‡KI †m †Zvgv‡ì weiZ ivL‡Z Pvq| Z‡e wK †Zvgiv GLbI wbe„Ë n‡e bv ?Ó ( myiv gvwq`v; 5 : 90-91 )| a‡g© wek¦vmx I we‡eKm¤úbœ gvbyl‡ì Rb¨ GUv Aek¨ KZ©e¨ †h ,Ryqv gvby‡li I mgv‡Ri †h ¶wZ K‡i Zvi wei“‡× m‡PZbZv m„wó Kiv I gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Kiv Ryqv‡K Z¨vM Ki‡Z | ag©nxbZvi Kvi‡Y nZ¨v: Ò Avi Zviv Avj −vnÕi mv‡_ Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡mï Bev`Z K‡i bv ; Avj −vn hvi nZ¨v nvivg K‡i‡Qb m½Z Kvi‡Y Qvov Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i bv Ges e¨wfPvi K‡i bv| Avi †h Ggb Ki‡e , †m †Zv KwVb Avhv‡ei gy‡LvgywL n‡eB Ó( myiv dziKvb; 25: 68 )| Bmjv‡gi g~j¨‡eva †_‡K A‡bK y‡i _vKvq Zv mgv‡Ri A‡bK ¶wZ K‡i| †hgb , ¶gvnxbZv , Zxeª ivM I †jvf , mš¿vm BZ¨vw`| ag©nxb gvbyl hLbB g‡b K‡i Zvi ¯v_© wecbœ A_ev hLb †m A‡bï cÖwZ cÖPÛ ivM I Db¥ËZv wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i bv , ZLbB †m gvbyl Lyb Ki‡Z cv‡i| AmsL¨ gvbyl Ggb Av‡Q , hviv ej‡Z †M‡j †Kvb Kvib QvovB A‡bK mgq gvbyl‡K Qywi †g‡i †`q nVvr iv‡Mi gv_vq ev wnsmvi e‡k KL‡bv cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì , KL‡bv ev AcwiwPZ KvD‡K GKRb Lyb K‡i †d‡j| Gi cvkvwcvwk gvbyl Ly‡bi Rb¨ †ckv`vi Lybx ev A¯¿avix‡K fvov Kiv

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nq| cÎ-cwÎKv Avi wUwf‡Z AmsL¨ Ly‡bi Lei mvgvwRK Ae:¶‡qi wb`k©b| GUv ag©nxb g‡Zi cwiYvg|

cy‡iv c„w_ex Ry‡o cÖwZw`b nvRv‡iv gvbyl Lyb n‡”Q| A‡bK gvbyl Ggb Av‡Q , hviv gvSiv‡Z U¨v·x K¨ve WªvBfvi‡K Lyb K‡i mvgvb¨ wKQy UvKv jy‡Ui Rb¨| AmsL¨ A ¿avix Lybx i‡q‡Q hviv RxweKv AR©b K‡i Ggb gvbyl‡K Lyb K‡i hv‡ì‡K Zviv †P‡bI bv| Gme gvbyliv A‡hŠw³K ARynv‡Zi Avkªq †bq †h hw` Avwg Gfv‡e A_© DcvR©b bv Kwi , Zvn‡j Avgv‡K bv †L‡q gi‡Z n‡e| Gme mš¿vmgyjK KvR msNwUZ n‡”Q G Kvi‡Y †h , mªóvi wb‡`©wkZ j¶¨ †_‡K gvby‡li RxebhvÎv m‡i G‡m‡Q| †KD gvbyl Lyb K‡i Avb‡›ì Rb¨|

†KD wbiciva gvbyl‡ì µgvMZ nZ¨v K‡iB hvq| G‡ì g‡a¨ Gg‡bv †KD Av‡Q , †m wKbv wb‡Ri gv-evev‡K wb‡RB Lyb K‡i A_ev Lyb Kivi Rb¨ KvD‡K fvov K‡i| GUv Zviv K‡i m¤úwË `L‡ji Rb¨| †KD wnsmv K‡i Ab¨‡K Lyb K‡i , †KD cÖwZ‡kv‡ai †bkvq Lyb K‡i| GB Ly‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b †m eQ‡ii ci eQi A‡c¶v K‡i| †KD ev GK`g AcwiwPZ gvbyl‡K †g‡i †d‡j ïay GB Kvi‡Y †h , H Lyb nIqv gvbylwU †h `„wó‡Z Zvi w`‡K ZvKvw”Q‡jv , †mB ZvKv‡bv Lybxi cQ›` nq wb| Ggb gvbylI Av‡Q ‡h wbg©gfv‡e cy‡iv GKwU cwiev‡ii mevB‡KB Ggb Kx bvix I †QvÆ wkï‡ì‡KI †g‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i| KviY nq‡Zv yB cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ kÎ“Zv ev †Mvôxi †Kvb `v½v| mš¿vmxi ¯‹z‡ji wfZ‡i Xy‡K c‡o †QvÆ †QvÆ ev”Pv‡ì g‡a¨ AvZsK m„wó K‡i| G ai‡bi Lvivc , Lvivc Lei †ivRB MYgva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ nq|

G NUbv¸wj †Kb NU‡Q ?

Gi GKwU KviY n‡jv , bx‡Pi Avqv‡Zi g~j¨‡eva‡K D‡c¶v Kiv - Ò Avi Zviv Avj −vnÕi mv‡_ Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡mï Bev`vZ K‡i bv ; Avj −vn hvi nZ¨v nvivg K‡i‡Qb h_v_© KviY Qvov Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i bv Ges e¨wfPvi K‡i bv| Avi †h Ggb Ki‡e , †m †Zv KwVb Avhv‡ei gy‡LvgywL n‡eB Ó ( myiv dziKvb; 25: 68 )|

GB Avqv‡Z Avj−vn gvbyl‡K mveavb K‡i‡Qb †h , b¨vqm½Z KviY Qvov †KD †Kvb gvbyl‡K †g‡i †dj‡j Zv‡K KóKi Avhve †`qv n‡e| Avj −vn Avgv‡ì Rvbvb †h , wbiciva GKRb gvbyl‡K †g‡i †djv gv‡b n‡jv †hb c„w_exi me

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gvbyl‡KB †g‡i †djv| AvRKvj Aek¨ gvbyl ni`gB Lyb Ki‡Q ; †Kbbv , Zviv KyiAv‡bi Av‡`k‡K gvb‡Q bv Ges Zv‡`i Aš—i Avj−vnÕi fq ‡_‡K gy³| ciKv‡j wek¦vm bv _vKvq Ges mš¿v‡mi Rb¨ ciKv‡j `vqe× n‡Z n‡e , GB Ávb I †evakw³ bv _vKvq gvbyl Ggb wbôzi n‡Z cv‡i|

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GgbwU AcÖZ¨vwkZ †h, †h gvbyl Avj −vnÕi wba©vwiZ mxgv‡iLv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡b , †m Zvi ivM‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡e bv Ges iv‡Mi e‡k gvby‡li ¶wZ Ki‡e| GB c„w_ex‡Z gvbyl nq‡Zv kvw — Gwo‡q ‡h‡Z cvi‡e wKš‘ g„Z yi ci ciKv‡j Avj−vnÕi Dcw ’wZ‡Z K…ZK‡g©i kvw¯Z Gov‡bv Am¤¢e| Abš— kvw —i nvZ †_‡K †KD cvjv‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avj −vn GB wel‡q bx‡Pi Avqv‡Z Avgv‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Qb - Ò wbðqB hviv A ^xKvi K‡i Avj −vni AvqvZ‡K Ges bex‡ì Ab¨vqfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i , Avi hviv b¨vq AvPi‡Yi wb‡`©k †`q , Zv‡ìI nZ¨v K‡i ,Zv‡ì‡K gnvhš¿Yv`vqK kvw¯—i msev` ïwb‡q `vI Ó ( myiv Av‡j - 'Bgivb; 3: 21 )| hviv a‡g©i c_ †_‡K `~‡i _v‡K , Zviv wbôzi cÖK…wZi mš—vb‡ì M‡o ‡Zv‡j: we‡k¦i Av‡jvP¨ m~Px‡Z nZ¨v GKwU wfbœ gvÎv †c‡q‡Q I G wb‡q Av‡jvPbv eZ©gv‡b A‡bK †ekx n‡”Q| Gi GKwU `y:LRbK KviY n‡jv , Ab¨ wkïi cÖwZ wkï‡ì wbôziZvi gvÎv †e‡o wM‡q‡Q| ¯‹z‡j GK wkï Ab¨ wkï‡ì ¸wj Ki‡Q--GB ai‡bi NUbvq †evSv hvq mš¿v‡mi Kv‡Q wkïiv KZUv Amnvq| wewfbœ wUwf Abyôvb Avi wm‡bgv GLb mb&ªvmx NUbv w`‡q ficyi---GgbwU Av‡M wQj bv | mš¿vmx „k¨ †`L‡Z †`L‡Z KwP wkï‡ì gb-gvbwmKZvq ¯fveZB Gi cÖfve c‡o| we‡kl K‡i , Ly‡bi „k¨¸wj hv A‡bK wm‡bgv‡ZB cÖvavb¨ w`‡q †`Lv‡bv nq , Zv wkï‡ì SuywKi

gy‡L †V‡j †`q ; ag©nxb AÜKvi Rxe‡bi ïi“ nq| Gme wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì‡K G ai‡bi AÜKvi cwiw ’wZ‡Z †V‡j †`qv I mš¿vmgyLx K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ g~jZ: `vqx ag©nxb gvbyl‡ì Dcw ’wZ| Gme gvbyl‡ì Avj−vn‡ì cÖwZ fq †bB| m‡e©vcwi , Zviv wb‡R‡ì wkï‡ì‡KI eo K‡i †Zv‡j wbôzi ¯fv‡ei I ag©nxb K‡i| ¶gv ,mnvbyf~wZ , b¨vq-wePvi I Áv‡bi e`‡j Gme gvby‡liv wb‡R‡ì ev”Pv‡ì g‡b XywK‡q †`q Lvivc cÖe„wË¸wj -ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z †M‡j ag©nxb gZv`‡k©i wk¶v †`q| KyiAv‡b nhiZ b~n ( Av: ) Gi †`vqvq †`Lv hvq †h ,me Awek¦vmxivB GKB ai‡bi wbôzi cÖK…wZi nq --Ò Avi b~n Av‡iv e‡jwQ‡jv: Ò †n Avgvi ie| Avcwb c„w_ex‡Z Kvwdi‡ì ga¨ †_‡K GKRb M„nevmx‡KI RxweZ ivL‡eb bv| hw` Avcwb Zv‡ì‡K RxweZ iv‡Lb ,Z†e Zviv Avcbvi ev›`v‡ì‡K c_åó Ki‡e Ges Rb¥ w`‡e †Kej cvcvPvix I Kvwdi| †n Avgvi ie; Avcwb ¶gv Ki“b Avgv‡K , Avgvi

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gvZv-wcZv‡K , hviv Avgvi cwiev‡ii Aš—f©~³ i‡q‡Q gywgb Ae ’vq Zv‡ì‡K I mKj gywgb cyi“l I gywgb bvix‡ì‡K ; Avi AZ¨vPvix‡ì‡K m¤úyY© aŸsm Ki“bÓ ( b~n; 71: 26-28 )| cy‡iv c„w_ex Ry‡o hy×: Ò†n hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Qv ; †Zvgiv cwic~Y©fv‡e Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡iv I kqZv‡bi c`vsK AbymiY K‡iv bv| †m †Zv †Zvgv‡ì cÖKvk¨ kÎ“yÓ ( myiv evKviv; 2: 208) | wesk kZvãx wQj hy× , MYnZ¨v Avi msN‡l©i | we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m bwRiwenxb Ggb i³¶qx NUbv¸wj w`‡q GB kZvãx wPwýZ n‡q i‡q‡Q| G mg‡q Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b jvL jvL gvbyl gviv wM‡q‡Q| GB kZvãx‡Z Avev‡iv jvL jvL gvbyl Zv‡ì Ni-evwo †_‡K D‡”Q` n‡q‡Q ; Zv‡ì wcÖqRb‡ì‡K nvwi‡q‡Q ; wb‡Riv c½y n‡q‡Q , KL‡bv AvnZ Avevi KL‡bv ev cÖwZeÜx n‡q c‡o‡Q| bZzb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq Ges A‡bK ivóª †f½ c‡o| we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m Gi cÖwZwµqv M~i“Z¡c~Y©| G kZvãx yBwU wek¦hy× †`‡L‡Q hv wek¦e¨vcx GK bwRiwenxb gvÎv †c‡qwQj| AZx‡Z Aí wKQy †`kB hy‡× RwoZ n‡Zv Ges wech©q mxwgZ ch©v‡q _vK‡Zv| Ab¨w`‡K ïaygvÎ cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i mg‡qB beŸB j¶ gvbyl gviv hvq Ges `yB †KvwUi †ekx gvbyl AvnZ nq| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×I Kgc‡¶ cuvP †KvwUi †ekx gvbyl gviv hvq| wbg©g mZ¨ n‡jv GB †h , hy‡×i wkKvi GB gvbyliv †KD †hv×v wQj bv | Zviv wQj bvix , wkï , e„× A_©vr mvaviY gvbyl| Giv yB c‡¶i †Mvjv¸wji gvSLv‡b c‡o wbg©gfv‡e gviv hvq| wesk kZvãx‡Z gvbyl Ô MYnZ¨v Õ kãwUi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nq| wf‡qZbvg , c¨v‡jóvBb , Kvwk¥i , i“qvÛv , emwbqv I †PPwbqv‡Z AmsL¨ gvbyl‡K cÖvY w`‡q GB me Ø‡›Øi gvmyj w`‡Z nq| nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl‡K AZ¨vPvi K‡i wPiZ‡i c½y K‡i †djv nq| KziAv‡b †divD‡bi mgqKv‡ji eY©bvi mv‡_ GB mg‡qi wgj cvIqv hvq| wbôzi MYnZ¨v hv †divD‡bi ivR‡Z¡ N‡UwQj , Zv memg‡qB NUv‡bv n‡Zv Mixe , fvmgvb gvbyl I Amnvq‡ì‡K j¶¨ K‡i| †divDb wKfv‡e gvby‡li Dci wbg©g AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡Zv , †m m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡bi eY©bv Gfv‡e G‡m‡Q ------Ò‡divDb Zvi †`‡k AwZ gvÎvq D×Z n‡q wM‡qwQj Ges †m †`kevmx‡K wewfbœ `‡j wef³ K‡i Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K GKwU `j‡K ~e©j K‡i †i‡LwQj---Zv‡ì cyÎ-mš—vb‡ì‡K †m nZ¨v Ki‡Zv Ges Zv‡ì †g‡q‡ì‡K RxweZ †i‡L w`Z| †m wQj wech©q m„wóKvixÓ( myiv Kvmvm ; 28 : 4 )| Ò Avi ¯§iY K‡iv , gymv Zvi KIg‡K e‡jwQj: †Zvgiv g‡b K‡iv †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ Avj −vnÕi AbyMÖn ; hLb wZwb

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†Zvgv‡ì‡K gy³ K‡iwQ‡jb †divD‡bi †jvK‡ì nvZ †_‡K ,Zviv †Zvgv‡ì‡K K‡Vvi kvw¯— w`Z ; †Zvgv‡ì †Q‡j‡ì‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Zv Ges †Zvgv‡ì †g‡q‡ì‡K RxweZ †i‡L w`Z| G‡Z wQj †Zvgv‡ì i‡ei †_‡K GK weivU cix¶v Ó( myiv Beivnxg; 14 : 6-7 )| eZ©gvb mg‡q MYgva¨‡g hLb GB me wbg©g MYnZ¨vi mwPÎ Lei Av‡m ,ZLb Avgiv †`wL , Acivaxiv gvbeZv †_‡K KZ ~‡i Ae ’vb Ki‡Q| me ai‡bi bxwZ , Abyf~wZ I gvbweK‡eva ewR©Z GB gvby‡liv Rv‡bB bv , Zviv wKRb¨ msMÖvg K‡i‡Q | hy‡×i e¨cv‡iI GB mZ¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ | hviv hy‡×i cwiKíbv I hy‡×i exR ‡ivc‡bi Rb¨ `vqx , Zviv wKQy ^v‡_©i Rb¨ GgbwU K‡i| Aek¨ hviv wb‡Riv mivmwi hy× Ki‡Q ,Zv‡ì A‡bK mgq ‡Kvb aviYv _v‡K bv ‡h , †Kb Zviv GB hy× Ki‡Q| gvbyl †Kb GZ wbôzi nq ? wKfv‡e wbg©gfv‡e MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡Z cv‡i ? Gi KviY n‡jv , Giv G‡ì †bZv‡ì KvQ †_‡K GB ai‡bi gb-gvbwmKZv‡K g‡b-cÖv‡Y wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| †h eë ’vq gvby‡li mv‡_ cïi g‡Zv AvPiY Kiv nq Ges AZ¨vPvi Kiv nq ; mš¿vm Avi AZ¨vPvi‡K hyw³m½Z e‡j g‡b Kiv nq , †mLv‡b bxwZK_vi †Kvb gyj¨ †bB| GB `„wóf½x‡Z ejv hvq , c„w_exi me‡P‡q kw³kvjx †bZviv hviv eZ©gvb mg‡q mš¿vm msMwVZ Ki‡Q Zviv Avi KziAv‡b ewY©Z †divDb I Zvi ˆmbëvwnbxi g‡a¨ m¤úK© mgvš—ivj - Ò Avi Avwg †Zv Zv‡ì‡K †bZv evwb‡qwQjvg, Zviv †jvK‡ì‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi w`‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡Zv| †Kqvg‡Zi w`b Zviv mvnvh¨cªvß n‡e bv |G c„w_ex‡ZI Avwg Zv‡ì wcQ‡b jvÕbZ jvwM‡q w`‡qwQ I †Kqvg‡Zi w`‡b Zviv n‡e N„wYZ Ó ( myiv Kvmvm ; 28 : 41-42)| mš¿v‡mi Drm: ‡KvbiKg AbyZvc QvovB GKRb gvbyl Ab¨Rb‡K wbg©gfv‡e Lyb Ki‡Q wKfv‡e ? Avgiv hLb Gi KviY LuyR‡Z Mfxifv‡e AbymÜvb PvjvB ,ZLb †fvMev`x wPš—vavivi gy‡LvgyLx nB| Dwbk I wesk kZvãx‡Z Av`k©MZ a¨vb-aviYvq GB gZv`‡k©i cÖPÛ cÖfve i‡q‡Q| GB `k©b GUvB wk¶v †`q †h , NUbvPµB gyL¨ , Ab¨ wKQy M~i“Z¡c~Y© bq| m„wói ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— GB AvKw¯§K NUbvP‡µiB Aw¯—Z¡ wQj I _vK‡e|

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Avj −vnÕi Aw —Z¡ I Ava¨vwZœK Rxeb , DËg g~j¨‡eva BZ¨vw`‡Z Giv wek¦vm K‡i bv| GB weK…Z hyw³ev`xiv weZK© K‡i †h , gvbyl Aw —Z¡ i¶vi Rb¨ msMÖvg K‡i| gvbyl Kv‡iv Kv‡QB †Kvb wKQyi Rb¨ `vqe× bq| ZvB †fvMev`xiv e‡j _v‡K , gvbyl ïay wb‡Ri ^v_©B †`L‡e| weeZ©bev` gZev` †fvMèv`x‡ì mg_©bcyó| GB gZev` `vk©wbK‡ì åvš— Dcjwäi

—¤¢ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| hLb GB gZ cÖ_g Dc ’vcb Kiv nq ,ZLb Zv †fvMev`x „wó‡KvY‡K mg_©b K‡i| Gfv‡e , VvÛv gv_vq MYnZ¨v I wbg©g wbh©vZ‡bi wfZ GB gZev` ’vcb K‡i †`q| Ô †h †kªô , †mB †eu‡P _vK‡e Õ--WviDB‡bi GB gZev` GUvB cÖ —ve K‡i †h ,`~e©j memgqB aŸsm n‡e I †h kw³kvjx †mB ïay †eu‡P _vK‡e| GB Social Darwanism' „wóf½x Dwbk kZvãx‡Z cuywRev`x‡ì eY©ev`x g‡Zi g~jgš¿ | GB gZ Abyhvqx , ~e©j , fvmgvb I cÖwZeÜxiv Ggb Kx GKwU cy‡iv RvwZ‡Mvôx †Kej kw³kvjx‡ì ^v_©B †`L‡e| e¯Ëev`xiv gvby‡li Rxeb‡K †Kvb g~j¨ †`q bv| mywbw ©ófv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j , ~e©j‡K †g‡i †dj‡Z ‡Kvb evav †bB| gvby‡li Rxe‡bi cÖwZ GB kª×vi Afve e¨vL¨v K‡i , †Kb gvbyl Lyb n‡q hvq mvgvb¨ Rwgi Rb¨ A_ev †Kvb cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` `L‡ji Rb¨| NUbvPµ‡KB hviv M~i“Z¡c~Y© g‡b K‡i I Avj −vnÕi Aw —Z¡‡K †h A ^xKvi K‡i , †m ax‡i ax‡i me ai‡bi Lvivc Kv‡R Af¨ — n‡q c‡o I Ab¨‡ì‡KI GB wbôziZvi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| hwÌ KyiAvb gvby‡li Rxeb‡K m‡e©v”P M~i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Q| KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q , GKRb gvbyl‡K AKvi‡Y nZ¨v Kiv gv‡b mgMÖ gvbeRvwZ‡K †g‡i †djv- ÒG Kvi‡YB Avwg ebx BmivB‡ji cÖwZ G weavb w`‡qwQ †h , †KD KvD‡K cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q cÖvY wKsev ywbqvq Akvwš— m„wó Kivi KviY Qvov nZ¨v Ki‡j †m †hb ywbqvi me gvbyl‡KB nZ¨v Ki‡jv ; Avi †h †KD Kv‡iv Rxeb i¶v Ki‡jv , †m †hb mKj gvby‡li Rxeb i¶v Ki‡jv | Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †Zv G‡mwQj Avgvi A‡bK ivm~j ¯úó cÖgvY wb‡q| wKš‘ GiciI Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB `ywbqvq mxgv jsNbKvixB i‡q †MjÓ ( myiv gvwq`v; 5: 32 )|

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‡h mgv‡Ri gvbyl Avj −vnÕi Av‡`k gvb¨ K‡i , †mLv‡b gvby‡li cÖvY wb‡q wQwbwgwb †Ljv nq bv| gvbyl AZ¨vPvwiZ ev webv ‡`v‡l Kvive›`x nq bv ev Zvi mv‡_ †KD Lvivc AvPiY K‡i bv| Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q , KyiAv‡b gvby‡li mv‡_ m`q I b¨vq eënv‡ii Av‡`k †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges gvbyl‡K mš¿vm , wbôziZv , †jvf I mxgv jsNb Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q | GB c„w_ex‡Z mš¿vm I AwePv‡ii wb›`v Kivi Dcvq n‡jv , Avgvi Avj−vn , †KqvgZ wèm , KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi gyj¨‡eva Ab¨‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q wè | hviv GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e bv I webv Kvi‡Y GUv Gwo‡q hv‡e ,Zv‡ì Avj −vnÕi †µva I kvw —i e¨cv‡i fq cvIqv DwPZ| Kvib , Avj−vn GB c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li cix¶v †bb --- ÒAvi Aek¨B Avwg †Zvgv‡ì c~‡e© A‡bK gvbe‡Mvôx‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡qwQ , hLb Zviv Ryjyg K‡iwQj , A_P Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Zv‡ì ivm~jMb G‡mwQ‡jb ¯úó wb`k©b wb‡q| wKš‘ Zviv wKQy‡ZB Cgvb Avbvi wQj bv| Gfv‡eB Avwg Acivax gvbyl‡ì cÖwZdj w`‡q _vwK| Zvici Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K cÖwZwbwa K‡iwQ c„w_ex‡Z Zv‡ì RvqMvq ,†hb Avwg †`‡L †bB †Zvgiv ‡Kgb KvR K‡iv| Ó( myiv BDbym; 10: 13-14 )| hy‡×i KviY: hy× †Kb nq ? hy‡×i wcQ‡bi A‡hŠw³K KviY¸wj eyS‡Z n‡j Pzj‡Piv we‡k−lY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †Kvb hy×B nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb I Z‡ZvwaK gvby‡li AvnZ nIqvi †hŠw³KZv cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hy× gvbeZvi Rb¨ †e`bv`vqK ; RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡K GUv aŸsm K‡i ,gvby‡li AwaKvi‡K ¶zbœ K‡i I ye©„Ë‡ì Ab¨v‡qi my‡hvM K‡i †`q| hviv hy× evavq Zviv ¶gvnxb I ^v_©ci| me

ai‡bi gvbweK ¸Y †hgb mnvbyf~wZ , ¶gv I cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi gb-gvbwmKZv G‡ì GK`gB †bB| Giv ïay Pvq wb‡R‡ì †jvf-jvjmv †gUv‡Z| GQvov , †bZv nIqvi cÖPÛ evmbv PwiZv_© Ki‡Z Giv memgq e¨¯— _v‡K| G ai‡bi Pwi‡Îi eY©bv KyiAv‡b Gfv‡e G‡m‡Q -ÒAvi hLb †m wd‡i hvq ,ZLb †m †Póv K‡i hv‡Z c„w_ex‡Z Akvwš— m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges km¨‡¶Î I Rxe-RšËi esk webvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avj −vn Akvwš— cQ›` K‡ib bv| Avi hLb Zv‡K ejv nq : Avj −vn‡K fq K‡iv ,ZLb Zvi AvZœvwfgvb Zv‡K cv‡c DØy× K‡i| myZivs †`vhLB Zvi Rb¨ h_v‡hvM¨ ’vb| wbðqB Zv n‡jv wbK…ó Avevm Ó ( myiv evKviv; 2: 205-206)|

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A‡bK mgq Ab¨ †`‡ki AwaKvi niY Kivq GK †`k Ab¨ †`‡ki wei“‡× hy× ïi“ K‡i| gvÎ GK GKi Rwgi Rb¨ hy‡×i †NvlYv Avgv‡ì GUvB wk¶v †`q †h , G ai‡bi NUbv †h ‡Kvb †`k‡K aŸs‡mi c‡_ wb‡q hv‡e| †h me †`k hy‡× RwoZ nq , Zviv hy×v ¿ †hgb hy× wegvb , e› yK , Kvgvb , †evgv ,¸wj BZ¨vw` wKb‡Z h‡_”Qv A_© LiP K‡i| GKB mgq †`Lv hvq ,ev‡R‡U wk¶v I ¯v¯’ LvZ¸wj‡Z hv eivÏ †`qv n‡q‡Q ,Zv RbKj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ †gv‡UI ch©vß bq| wKQy cÖfvekvjx jwe I kw³kvjx cÖwZôv‡bi ^v_© Gme hy×-msNv‡Zi mv‡_ RwoZ _v‡K| Avi hy‡×i ‡e`bv`vqK w`K n‡jv ‡h , memgqB mvaviY gvby‡livB Gi Amnvq wkKvi nq| hy‡×i †kl cwiYvg Aek¨ yB c‡¶i Rb¨B aŸsm †W‡K Av‡b| †Kbbv ,hviv we‡`ªv‡ni Av¸b‡K Dm‡K †`q , Zviv memgqB GB c„w_ex‡Z mgm¨vq co‡eB| Giv KL‡bvB kvwš—‡Z _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| hviv Ab¨vq K‡i , Avj −vn Zv‡ì‡K kvw — `v‡bi e¨cv‡i cÖwZkªwZ w`‡q‡Qb--Ò †Kej Zv‡ì wei“‡× eë ’v †bqv n‡e , hviv gvby‡li Dci AZ¨vPvi I c„w_ex‡Z AKvi‡Y we‡ ªvnx AvPiY K‡i †eovq| Zv‡ì Rb¨ Av‡Q hš¿Yv`vqK kvw —Ó ( myiv Avm ïiv ; 42 : 42 )| f~-Mf© ’ ; LwbR I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` , cvwb BZ¨vwì Rb¨ A‡bK mgq hy× jv‡M| †Kvb †`‡ki hLb wb‡R‡ì cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` _v‡K bv , ZLb Zviv A‡bK mgq cÖwZ‡ekx †`k¸wj‡K ûgKx †`q , Zv‡ì mv‡_ †mB m¤ú` fvM K‡i †bqvi Rb¨| GB mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡Z cv‡i DbœZ cÖhyw³i eënvi I h_vh_ cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g| ZeyI wKQy ‡`k hy‡×i wcQ‡bB Zv‡ì me kw³ I cÖfve eënvi K‡i| D`vniY wnmv‡e ejv hvq , †evgv †g‡i wewfbœ †`‡ki †mP myweav bó K‡i H †`‡ki ¶wZ Kiv A_ev wfbœ †`‡k mš¿vm Pvjv‡bv BZ¨vw`‡Z Giv †`v‡li wKQyB cvq bv| Gi d‡j wbiciva bvix I wkï‡ì g„Zz ‡Z Zv‡ì wKQy hvq Av‡m bv| KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© evm bv Kivi dj: KyiAv‡bi myiv wbmv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q , wecbœ‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv me wek¦vmxi KZ©e¨-

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Avi †Zvgv‡ì wK nj †h, †Zvgiv hy× KiQ bv Avj −vnÕi c‡_ Ges †mme Amnvq- ~e©j bi-bvix I wkï‡ì Rb¨ hviv e‡j : †n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK ! G Rbc` †_‡K Avgv‡ì †ei K‡i wbb , GLvbKvi Awaevmxiv fqvbK AZ¨vPvix ? Avi Avcbvi Zid †_‡K KvD‡K Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mvnvh¨Kvix K‡i w`b (4: 75 )| GB gyn~‡Z© hv Kiv ìKvi ,Zv n‡jv gvbyl‡K Avj −vnÕi fq †`Lv‡bv I Zv‡ì‡K g‡b Kwi‡q †`qv †h , wKqvg‡Zi w`b cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB me Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vqx n‡Z n‡e| Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e gvbyl‡K mveavb Kivi †Póv e¨_© n‡Z eva¨ ; †Kbbv , GKgvÎ hvi g‡b Avj −vnÕi fq _vK‡e ,†mB ïay A‡bï wei“y‡× mš¿vm I AwePvi Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| GQvov , Ab¨ †Kvb wKQy gvbyl‡K Lvivc KvR †_‡K ~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| mvaviYZ , gvbyl me iKgfv‡e †Póv K‡i Zvi me DwPZ-AbywPZ Kvgbv-evmbvi Kv‡Q wd‡i †h‡Z ; KyiAv‡bi †kªôZ¡ †h AvZœ¯’ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q, †mB †Kej wb‡Ri m¤§vb Ôcybi“×viÕ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GUv m¤¢e wb‡R KyiAv‡bi Av`k© MÖnY K‡i I Ab¨‡K KyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© AvnŸvb K‡i| mwZ¨Kv‡ii avwg©K †h †Kvb gymwj‡gi KZ©e¨ n‡jv a‡g©i Av`k© gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv| ag©wek¦vmxiv Aek¨B Ab¨ gvbyl‡K Rvbv‡e †h , ag© wKfv‡e gvby‡li Rxe‡b Avkxe©v` , fvjevmv , wbivcËv I wek¦v‡mi Rb¥ †`q| ZvB hy× evav‡bvi †Kvb hyw³m½Z KviYB _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| me Ø‡›Øi mgvavb n‡e kvwš—c~Y©fv‡e| GUvi Dci †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e †h , hw` Aí wKQy gvbyl KyiAvb‡K †g‡b P‡j , Z‡e kvwš— AwbwðZ n‡q co‡e| Awew”Qbœ kvwš— GB c„w_ex‡Z weivR Kiv m¤¢e , hw` mvgwMÖKfv‡e KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`k© †g‡b Pjv nq| Zv bvn‡j , ïay Aí wKQz GjvKv KyiAv‡bi g~j¨‡eva †_‡K mydj cv‡e I Abïv Afve I mš¿v‡mi Rb¨ `y:L I AZ¨vPv‡ii g‡a¨ Rxeb KvUv‡Z eva¨ n‡e| ‡h me †`‡ki mvnvh¨ cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡ì Avn&evb : ‡h gvbyl Avj −vn‡K fq K‡i , KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi Av`‡k©i cÖwZ memgq AwePj , Zvi Rb¨ Rxe‡bi me NUbvi g‡a¨ A‡bK D‡Ïk¨ I wb`k©b _v‡K| †Kbbv ,

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Avj −vn me wKQy K‡ib we‡kl ‡Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨| gvbyl‡K ZvB wewfbœ cix¶vi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq| †h gvby‡li g‡b ag© wek¦vm Av‡Q , Zvi `vwqZ¡ A‡bK| †hgb , Ab¨‡K Avj−vnÕi Aw —Z¡ I GKZ¡ m¤ú‡K© ejv , fvj KvR Ki‡Z Ab¨‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv I Ab¨vq Kv‡R wb‡la Kiv Ges eyw×e„wËK jovB Kiv †mB me g‡Zi wei“‡× hvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q Avj−vn‡K A ^xKvi Kiv BZ¨vw`| gvbyl hLb ag©‡K Aej¤^b Ki‡e , ZLb we‡eKevb mgv‡Ri Rb¥ n‡e ‡hLv‡b gvbyl Avj −vn‡K fq cvq| ZLb ag©nxbZvi Kvi‡Y m„ó mgm¨v¸wji mgvavb Ggwb‡ZB n‡q hv‡e| wek¦vmx‡ì KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© Avj −vn Avgv‡ì g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb KyiAv‡bi GB Avqv‡Z - Ò Avi †Zvgiv Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Ki‡e hZ¶Y bv wdZbv ~i nq I Avj −vnÕi ag© cÖwZôv bv nq| hw` Zviv weiZ nq , Z‡e hvwjg‡ì Qvov Avi KvD‡K AvµgY Ki‡e bvÓ ( myiv evKviv; 2: 193)| Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q , †fvMev`x Av`k© hv ag©‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i , Zvi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z eyw×e„wËK cÖwZ‡iva‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z n‡e| wb:m‡›`‡n GB †gvKv‡ejv n‡Z n‡e kvwš—cyY© I Avcmg~jK--‡hgbwU cweÎ KyiAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q | hLb GB Av`‡k©i g~j wfZ aŸsm n‡e , ZLb Gi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o DVv Ab¨ me gZv`k©I G‡Ki ci GK aŸsm n‡e| Avj −vn KyiAv‡b Avgv‡ì‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb , hLb mZ¨ D`NvwUZ nq| ZLb wg_¨v aŸsm n‡q hvq --Ò wKš‘ Avwg mZ¨ w`‡q wg_¨vi Dci AvNvZ nvwb hv wg_¨v‡K P~Y©-wePzY© K‡i ‡`q Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ wg_¨v wbwðý n‡q hvq| ~‡f©vM †Zvgv‡ì ; †Zvgiv hv ej‡Qv Zvi Rb¨Ó ( myiv Avw¤^qv ; 21 : 18)| GRb¨ hviv KyiAvb †_‡K A‡bK ~‡i i‡q‡Q , Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgiv a‡g©i evYx †cuŠ‡Q wè| GB GKB Kvi‡Y Avgv‡ì DwPr me gvbyl‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv †hb Zviv wbivb‡›ì RMZ‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i hv ag©nxbZv m„wó K‡i _v‡K| †h †`k¸wj‡Z gnvgvixi gZ Ø›Ø -msNvZ †j‡M i‡q‡Q , †m †`k¸wj m¤ú‡K© wKQy Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ †ek wKQy c„ôv GLv‡b eivÏ Kiv n‡jv| ïaygvÎ wKQy Z_¨ Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ GB †`k¸wji Dci M~i“Z¡ w`‡q GLv‡b wKQy eY©Yv Kiv n‡”Q bv| †mRb¨ nvRv‡iv eB , nvRvi nvRvi cÖwZ‡e`b i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv : we‡eKevb gvbyl‡ì‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv †hb Zviv wbh©vwZZ gvbyl hviv mgvav‡bi Avkvq gwiqv n‡q i‡q‡Q , Zv‡ì‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib| GB cweÎ `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wek¦vmx‡ì g‡b Kwi‡q †`qvUv I Zv‡ì‡K hy‡×i mgm¨v hv wewfbœ †`k‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡”Q I wbh©vwZZ gvbyl‡K y:L-K‡ói gy‡LvgyLx Ki‡Q , †mB mgm¨v wb‡q wPš—v-fvebv Ki‡Z DØy× KivUv M~i“Z¡c~Y©| Kv‡iv GgbwU wPš—v Kiv DwPZ bq †h ,GB hy×¸wj A‡bK ~‡ii †`k¸wj‡Z n‡”Q ; ZvB Avgvi G e¨cv‡i wKQyB Kivi †bB| GUv ¯úó †h , wbivcËv I mvnvh¨

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`v‡bi bv‡g A‡bK mvnvh¨ ms ’vmg~n GwM‡q Avm‡Q ; Z‡e †Kvb ’vqx mgm¨v mgvav‡b Giv e¨_© | Gme ms ’v¸wj mgm¨v mgvav‡b cÖPzi A_© eivÏ I AmsL¨ Kg©x wb‡qvM K‡i‡Q| hwÌ AvR ch©š— Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri djvdj h‡_ó bq I Lye Kg gvbyl‡KB Zviv cÖK…Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| gvbyl‡K Aek¨B eyS‡Z n‡e , †h me gvbyl K‡mv‡fv , emwbqv , Kvk¥xi A_ev wdwjw —‡b AvR wbh©vwZZ n‡”Q , Zviv GKRb i¶vKZ©vi Rb¨ gwiqv n‡q D‡V‡Q ; G‡ì Rb¨ GUvB mgvavb ÔÔKyiAv‡bi Av`‡k© evm KivÓ| ‡PPwbqv: DËivwaKvi m~‡Î wesk kZvãx‡Z we‡k¦i Av‡jvP¨ m~Pxi Ab¨Zg n‡jv i“k -‡PPvb mgm¨v| ivwkqv †PPwbqv‡Z †h AZ¨vPvi I nZ¨vKvÛ Pvjv‡”Q Zvi Amnvq wkKv‡ii AwaKvskB n‡jv †emvgwiK bvix I wkï--- Gi d‡j we‡k¦i mgm¨v Av‡iv fvivµvš— n‡”Q| wewfbœ Qwe cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q wek¦evmxi mvg‡b DÑvwUZ n‡”Q wKfv‡e wewfbœ evRv‡ii Dci †evgvel©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j Amnvq , cÖwZi¶vwenxb †P‡Pb bvix , wkï I wbi ¿ ‡emvgwiK †jvKRb --Zviv ‡eu‡P _vKvi †Kvb my‡hvMB cvq wb| GKwU gvÎ †evgv el©‡Yi NUbvq hv Kiv n‡qwQj gv I wkï m`‡b , Zv‡Z c‡b‡iv Rb ev”Pv gviv hvq| i“k †bZviv ûKzg w`‡qwQj ˆmbïv †hb †emvgwiK gvbyl‡ì‡KI ¸wj K‡i| d‡j †P‡P‡bi mvaviY †jvKRb Zv‡ì MÖvg †_‡K cvwj‡q cv‡ki †`k¸wj‡Z Avkªq wb‡Z eva¨ nq| i“k †bZv‡ì GB ai‡bi ûKz‡gi ga¨ w`‡q mš¿v‡mi eûgyLx gvÎvi cwiPq cÖKvk cvq| AZx‡Z †divDb Zvi wb‡Ri †`‡ki gvbyl‡ì wei“‡× GB RvZxq b„ksm nZ¨vKvÛ Pvwj‡qwQj| KyiAv‡b Gi wek` weeiY G‡m‡Q - Ò Avi ¯§iY K‡iv , hLb Avwg †Zvgv‡ì gyw³ w`‡qwQjvg †diAvD‡bi †jvK‡ì nvZ †_‡K hviv †Zvgv‡ì KwVb kvw — w`Z ; †Zvgv‡ì cyÎ mš—vb‡ì RevB Ki‡Zv I †Zvgv‡ì bvix‡ì RxweZ †i‡L w`‡Zv ; I‡Z †Zvgv‡ì i‡ei c¶ †_‡K GK gnvcix¶v wQjÓ ( myiv evKviv; 2: 49 )| AZx‡Z memgq cÖwZi¶vwenxb gvby‡liv †divD‡bi g‡Zv gvbyl‡ì AZ¨vPv‡ii Amnvq wkKvi n‡q‡Q| KyiAv‡b GB me NUbvq w`‡K we‡kl M~i“Z¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| BwZnvm Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j Avgiv Av‡iv fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z cvi‡ev| wKfv‡e †PPwbqv‡Z mš¿vm Pj‡Q Ges †PPwbqvi gvby‡liv †mLv‡b ûgwKi gy‡L i‡q‡Q| †PPwbqvmn K‡Kkvm GjvKv 1918 mv‡j †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi kvmbvax‡b wQj| G mgq KwgDwb÷ g‡¯‹v wekvj GjvKv Ry‡o kvmb Pvjvq I RvwZMZ êwk‡óï

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wfwË‡Z K…wÎg mxgvbv m„wó GjvKv¸wj‡K fvM K‡i| eva¨ZvgyjK Ae ’vb cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q RvwZMZ wefw³ c‡i Av‡iv K‡Vvi Kiv nq| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq KwgDwb÷ kvm‡bi mgq Mfxi iv‡Z Acv‡ikb Pj‡Zv Ges K‡Kkvb gvbyl‡ì eva¨ Kiv n‡Zv †Uª‡b P‡o mvB‡ewiqv I ga¨cÖv‡P¨ P‡j †h‡Zv | nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl RxweZ Ae ’vq Mš—e¨ ’‡j †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i wb I Zv‡ì ‡Q‡o hvIqv RvqMvq KwgDwb÷ kvmK‡ì Av‡`‡k Ab¨ RvwZMZ `j G‡m emevm ïi“ K‡i| K‡qK eQi ci hLb K‡Kkvbiv wd‡i Avm‡jv ,ZLb Zviv †`L‡jv Zv‡ì Ni-evwo Ab¨ gvbyl‡ì `L‡j| GLb Avgiv †h RvwZMZ Ø›Ø †`wL ,Zv g‡¯‹vi Ô wefw³ I kvmb Õ bxwZi Rb¨B †ekx Lvivc i“c aviY K‡iwQj| †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cZb wewfbœ RvZxqZvev`x I RvwZMZ †Mvôxi D”PvKv•Lvi XvKbv Ly‡j †`q| Zviv †mvwf‡qZ kvmb †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z ^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`q| wKQy RvwZMZ †Mvwô A_©‰bwZK ^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`q wKš‘ i“k †dWv‡ik‡bi gvby‡liv Dzhokhar Dudayev Gi †bZ„‡Z¡ ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMÖv‡gi †NvlYv †`q| i“k I †P‡Pb‡ì 18 gvm `xN© jovB †kl nq 1996 mv‡j| i“k ˆmb¨‡ì‡K cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bqv nq I †P‡Pbiv ^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`q| 1997 mv‡j g‡¯‹v I †MÖvRbxi g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z kvwš— Pzw³i ga¨ w`‡q GB hy‡×i mgvwß N‡U I †PPwbqvi ^vaxbZvi cÖvwß N‡U| c~e©eZ©x GKwU Pzw³i Rb¨ Aek¨ 2001 mvj ch©š— †PPwbqvi ivóªxq gh©v`v ’wMZ ivL‡Z iykiv m¶g nq| Ab¨vb¨ cÖRvZš¿ AbymiY K‡i †PPwbqvi gvbyl‡ì‡K hviv ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| 1998 mv‡j †PPwbqvi ivRavbx †MÖvRbx‡Z mg‡eZ nq DËi K‡Kkvm KvDwÝ‡ji gvby‡liv| mfv‡Z Giv GKgZ nq †h G‡K A‡bï mv‡_ hy× Ki‡e bv| 1999 mv‡ji Ø‡›Øi g~‡j i‡q‡Q GB mfvq M„nxZ wm×vš— wj| Dagestan n‡jv †P‡Pb‡ì cÖwZ‡ekx hvi RbmsL¨vi 80% n‡jv gymwjg| i“k kw³ GLvbKvi wewfbœ MÖv‡g †evgv nvgjv Pvjvq | Gme MÖv‡gi 1500 evwm›`v †P‡Pb‡ì Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ Pvq| 1996 mv‡j i“k †dWv‡ik‡bi wei“‡× †P‡Pb‡ì weivU mvd‡jï Rb¨B gyjZ: Giv †P‡Pb‡ì Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ Pvq| GKRb †P‡Pb exi Shamil Basayev GB mvnv‡hï Av‡e`‡b mvov †`q| 1999 mv‡j mv‡ji MÖx¯§Kv‡j cÖPÛ †evgv el©‡Y Dagestan Gi MÖvg¸wj aŸsm n‡q hvq I gvÎ yBRb gvbyl †e‡Pu _v‡K| GB Acv‡ik‡bi cwiYvg n‡jv i“k I †P‡Pb‡ì g‡a¨

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‡jevbb: c„w_ex Ry‡o i³¶qx msNl© gymwjg †`k¸wj‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡”Q| me i³v³ msN‡l©i g‡a¨ Bqvn~ x AvMÖvm‡bi wei“‡× c¨v‡j÷vBbx‡ì cÖwZ‡ivaB me‡P‡q †ekxw`b a‡i Pj‡Q| GB AvMÖvmb Pvjvq Bqvn~ xiv Ges cwðgv †`k¸wj memgqB G‡K mg_©b w`‡q G‡m‡Q | GB AvMÖvm‡bi dj n‡jv nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li g„Zy , DØv¯Ë nIqv Ges GK i³v³ BwZnvm| BmivBjx AvMÖvm‡bi cy‡iv mgqUv Ry‡o †emvgwiK gvbyl‡ì ‡h Kó I hš¿Yv , Zvi cÖwZdjb mslN© , hy× I MYnZ¨vi g‡a¨ mvgvb¨B cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| 1950 mv‡ji ci BmivBjxiv cÖwZ‡ekx †`k ‡jevb‡b †ek K‡qKevi n —‡¶c K‡i| Zviv †jev‡bi †ek wKQy `‡ji g‡a¨ msN‡l©i Av¸b R¡vwj‡q †`q , M„nhy‡× Rwo‡q cov GB `j¸wj BmivB‡ji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM eRvq iv‡L I Zv‡ì †_‡K mvnvh¨ cvq| GB msNl© wji d‡j †jevb‡b ¶gZvi fvimvg¨ `~e©j n‡q c‡o | d‡j G‡`‡k A‰ea Awfhvb Pvjv‡bvi my‡hvM m„wó nq| BmivBj wewfbœ RvwZ‡Mvôx †hgb †g‡ivbvBU , L„÷vb , MÖxK A‡_©vW· L„÷vb , wkqv gymwjg , mybœx I `ª“R‡ì D‡ËwRZ K‡i †Zv‡j Ges ax‡i ax‡i Ô we‡f` I kvmb Õ bxwZi mydj BmivBj †fvM Ki‡Z _v‡K| `xN© 28 eQi a‡i BmivBj †h cwiKíbv gvwdK AMÖmi nq , Zvi mgvwß N‡U 1982 mv‡j †jevb‡b mwZ¨Kv‡ii mvgwiK Awfhvb Pvwj‡q| M„nhy‡×i d‡j ‰ei“Z GjvKv wewfbœ msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ v‡qi g‡a¨ fvM n‡q c‡o | gRvi e¨cvi n‡jv , cÖ‡Z¨K `jB BmivBj †_‡K mg_©b I A¯¿ cvq| we‡kl K‡i hviv ¶gZv `Lj K‡i †mB dvjvwÄ L„÷vb evwnbxi mv‡_ BmivB‡ji LyeB Nwbô m¤úK© wQj| RW©vb †_‡K ivRv †nv‡mb †h c¨v‡j÷vBbx‡ì †Rvi K‡i †ei K‡i †`b , Zviv †jevb‡b G‡m _vK‡Z ïi“ K‡i | ZLbB „k¨:Z †jevb‡b M„nhy× ïi“ nq| †jevbb †_‡K GB c¨v‡j÷vBbx‡ì †ei K‡i †`qvi Rb¨ L„÷vbiv me©vZœK hy× ïi“ K‡i †`q| gymjgvb I L„÷vb GB hy‡× G‡K A‡bï cÖwZc¶ wQj Ges GB msN‡l© Avf¨š—ixbfv‡e yB `jB mvsNvwZKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ ’ nw”Q‡jv| GB hy‡×i mgq BmivBj †jevb‡bi mxgvbv AwZµg Ki‡Z ïiy K‡i| GKB mgq , †jevb‡bi wei“‡× gvwK©b I BmivBjx mg_©bcyó wmwiqv -- †h „k¨Z: gymwjg GKwU †`k

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Zv‡ì nvgjvi d‡j †jevb‡bi wbivcËv eë ’v LyeB Lvivc n‡q c‡o| L„÷vb dvjvwÄ evwnbx BmivB‡ji mnvqZvq ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv mymsnZ K‡i I Zv i³vË GK hy‡×i m~Pbv K‡i hv êi“Z‡K aŸsm K‡i †d‡j| wdwjw —b I ‡jevwbR gymjgvbiv cÖPÛ Pv‡ci gy‡L c‡o| 1978 mv‡ji nvgjvi avivevwnKZv‡ZB g~jZ: BmivBj 1982 mv‡j †jevb‡b Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i| †jevbb hy×-weaŸ — ¶Zwe¶Z GK †`‡k cwiYZ nq| GB mgq BmivBjx evwnbxi D¯‹vbx I ZË¡veav‡b ‡jevb‡bi Lªx¯Uvb dvjvwÄ evwnbx kveiv I kvwZjvq wdwjw —bx †emvgwiK DØv¯Ë‡ì Dci wbôzi , wbg©g MYnZ¨v Pvjvq--BwZnvm GB ee©iZvi mv¶x | ÒPig ag©xq DMÖZv Ó : RvwZMZ we‡Øl: Ò Kvwdiiv Zv‡ì Aš—‡i g~L©Zv hy‡Mi †R` †cvlb Ki‡Zv| AZ:ci Avj−vn Zuvi ivm~j I gywgb‡ì Dci ^xq cÖkvwš— bvwhj Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡ì Rb¨ msh‡gi `vwqZ¡ Acwinvh© K‡i w`‡jb| ZvivB wQj Gi AwaKZi †hvM¨ I Dchy&³| Avj −vn me welq m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb ( myiv Avj dvZn& ; 48: 26 )| cy‡iv c„w_ex‡Z †h Ø›Ø-msNvZ I M„nhy× Pj‡Q ,Zvi Rb¨ `vqx RvwZMZ we‡Øl| Ab¨ ag© , eY© , RvwZi cÖwZ cÖPÛ N„Yv I iv‡Mi ewn:cÖKv‡ki ì“Y Avgiv †`wL Kv‡jv‡ì cÖwZ mv`v‡ì AvMÖvmx AvPiY , bvrmx‡ì m¤ú~Y© weï×Zg RvwZ cvIqvi ¯cœ| hvi cwiYv‡g mv¤cÖwZK BwZnv‡m Avgiv †`wL j¶ j¶ gvby‡li g„Zz | Avwd«Kvq RvwZ-`‡ji g‡a¨ msN‡l©i g~‡jI KvR K‡i GB we‡Øl| GB fyj aviYv gvby‡li g‡b KvR K‡i †h †h wbw`©ó GKwU RvwZ nq kvixwiKfv‡e ev gvbwmKfv‡e A_ev `yBfv‡eB Ab¨‡ì †_‡K †miv , ZvB hviv †kªô Zviv bxPz RvwZi gvbyl‡ì cÖwZ †KvbiKg ¶gv , mnvbyf~wZ I kª×v †`Lv‡e bv-----Zvi †KvbI ìKvi †bB| GB GKB hyw³‡Z wKQy DMÖev`x g‡b K‡i Ggb Kx , bxPz RvwZi gvbyl‡ì mv‡_ GKmv‡_ evm KivI fyj| GUv LyeB wnsmª gvbwmKZv ; †Kbbv , GB wPš—v gvbyl‡K Ggb fve‡Z DØy× K‡i †h Ab¨ RvwZi Avi †eu‡P _vKviB ìKvi †bB| ZvB Avgv‡ì †_‡K hviv Avjv`v Zv‡ì‡K AwZ Aek¨B †g‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| Avj −vn KyiAv‡b †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb , Ò wewfbœ RvwZ m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z G‡K Ab¨‡K Rvb‡Z cv‡i ÕÕ| wewfbœ RvwZ , eY©, †Mvôx I fvlvi g‡a¨ êwPÎ¨ Zv Avj −vnÕi GK Abb¨ m„wó êwkó¨| ‡Kvb gvbyl hw` Ab¨ gvbyl‡K GRb¨ AcQ›` K‡i †h †m †eu‡U A_ev Kv‡jv , Z‡e Zv G‡Kev‡iB AMÖnY‡hvM¨| Avj−vnÕi GB

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m„wó êwP‡Îï g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q A‡kl †mŠ›`h© , A‡bK D‡Ïk¨ I AwZ my¶ inm¨| GKRb wek¦vmx Lye fvjfv‡eB Rv‡b †h fvj nIqvi gvb`Û n‡”Q Avj −vn fxi“Zv| KziAv‡bi bx‡Pi Avqv‡Z GB welqwU ¯úó ---Ò †n gvbyl ! Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K m„wó K‡iwQ GKRb cyi“l I GKRb ¿x †_‡K Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡K cwiYZ K‡iwQ wewfbœ RvwZ‡Z I wewfbœ †Mv‡Î , hv‡Z †Zvgiv G‡K Ab¨‡K wPb‡Z cv‡iv| wbðqB Avj −vnÕi Kv‡Q †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ekx gh©v`vevb †mB e¨w³ , †h †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ekx gyËvKx | wbðqB Avj −vn me wKQy Rv‡bb , me wKQyi Lei iv‡Lb Ó ( myiv ûRyivZ ; 49:13 )| wewfbœ RvwZMZ we‡Øl I fyj †evSv‡evwSi g~‡j i‡q‡Q wg_¨v GK Z_vKw_Z êÁvwbK ZË¡| GB my úó ee©iZv we‡klfv‡e D‡j −‡Li `vex iv‡L ; †Kbbv , eZ©gvb hy‡Mi wewfbœ fyj gZev` GB wg_¨vi Dci cÖwZwôZ| GB wg_¨v êÁvwbK wfwË n‡jv WviDB‡bi Z_vKw_Z weeZ©bev` ZË¡| A‡b‡K hviv wee©Z‡bi gZev` wnmv‡e GwU ï‡b‡Qb , Zviv nq‡Zv fve‡Qb----GwU †KejB RxeweÁv‡bi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| wKš‘ Avm‡j wee©Zbev` Gi †P‡qI A‡bK †ekx wKQy| GwU kyaygvÎ RxeweÁv‡bi ZË¡ bq , GwU A‡bK `k©bZ‡Ë¡i wfZ hv AmsL¨ gvbyl‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Q| eY©we‡Ø‡li gy‡j i‡q‡Q wg_¨v-‰eÁvwbK GK ZË¡: hLb WviDBb cÖ_g GB ZË¡ Dc ’vcb K‡ib , weÁvbxiv cÖ_‡g GwU‡K MÖnY K‡ib wb| we‡kl K‡i , Rxevk¥ weÁvbxiv Rvb‡Zb †h , Kíbvi AjxK D™¢veb †_‡K GB gZ †Zgb †ekx wKQy bq| ZeyI WviDBb weÁvbx gn‡j cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM cvb ; †Kbbv , 19 kZvãx‡Z hviv ¶gZvq wQj , Zv‡ì ¶gZvq _vKvi Av`‡k©i mv‡_ GB g‡Zi Ac~e© wgj wQj| WviDB‡bi The Origin of Species eB cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q weeZ©bev‡ì gZ Lye ZvovZvwo Qwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K| GKB mv‡_ BD‡ivcxqiv we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖv‡š—i gnv‡`k I Ab¨vb¨ mf¨Zv‡K Dcwb‡e‡ki AvIZvq Avb‡Z _v‡K| BD‡iv‡ci †`k¸wji g‡a¨ Bsj¨vÛ I d«vÝ wQj AMÖYx | Zviv `Lj K‡i `w¶Y-Gwkqvi wKQy As‡k I j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvi I mvgwMÖKfv‡e cy‡iv AvwdªKv| DËi Av‡gwiKvi ¯’vbxq DcRvwZ‡ì wbôzifv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq| ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq , 19 kZvãxi ga¨fvM †_‡K cwðgv mvgªvR¨ we‡k¦i Ab¨ cÖv‡š—i wewfbœ mf¨Zv‡K jyUcvU K‡i| Zviv wewfbœ †`‡ki kvmb ¶gZv `Lj K‡i †bq , hv‡Z Zv‡ì we› ygvÎ AwaKvi wQj bv|

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Q‡j-e‡j -‡KŠk‡j wewfbœ †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` Zviv Kâv K‡i †bq| cwðgviv g‡b Ki‡jv , Zv‡ì Gme A‰ea KvR‡K êaZv †`qvi ìKvi i‡q‡Q| wVK †mB mg‡qB GB me mvgªvRëv`x‡ì‡K WviDBb GKwU Ac~e© my‡hvM G‡b †`q| Zvi GB Z_vKw_Z êÁvwbK gZev‡ì mvnv‡h¨ GUvB cÖwZwôZ Kiv nq †h ----wbh©vwZZiv Avm‡j cÖK„Z gvby‡li gh©v`vi AwaKvix bq , Zviv cï †kªYxi| 1871 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ The Descent of Man eB‡Z WviDBb wb‡Ri gZ ¯úó K‡i e‡jb| GB eB‡q WviDBb †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb †h , evbi RvZxq cÖvYx †_‡K gvby‡li D™¢e | ïay ZvB bq , WviDB‡bi g‡Z eZ©gv‡b †h wewfbœ gvbe †Mvôx i‡q‡Q ,Zviv Ô µgweeZ©‡bi av‡c Õ i‡q‡Q| BD‡ivcxqiv G‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q DbœZ Ges A‡bK RvwZi gvbylB GL‡bv `„k¨Z: evb‡ii g‡Zv| me RxweZ cÖvYx Ggb Kx gvbyl‡KI WviDBb wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡g wb‡qvwRZ GK cÖvYx wnmv‡e| Zvi g‡Z , cÖK…wZ‡Z GK Zxeª jovB memgq Pj‡Q| †h kw³kvjx ‡m memgqB `~e©j‡K jovB‡Z nvwi‡q w`‡”Q ; Avi Gfv‡eB Dbœq‡bi aviv GwM‡q Pj‡Q| WviDBb D‡j −L K‡ib , Ô†eu‡P _vKvi jovBÕ gvby‡li †ejv‡ZI mwZ¨| Ggb Kx , Zvi The Origin of Species eB‡qi †h Dc-wk‡ivbvg , Zv‡ZI Zvi eY©we‡Ølx g‡bvfv‡ei cÖKvk N‡U‡Q---- cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cÖRvwZi DrcwË A_ev Rxeb msMÖv‡g AeZxY© wewfbœ RvwZi g‡a¨ wbe©vwPZ RvwZ‡K i¶v | WviDB‡bi g‡Z , BD‡ivcxqiv n‡”Q GB wbe©vwPZ RvwZ| Av‡gwiKvi ¯’vbxq gvbyl , Avwd«Kv I Ab¨vb¨ †h RvwZ-‡Mvwô Zviv weeZ©‡bi Dbœq‡bi avivq †bB----c‡o i‡q‡Q †mB Avw`g gvby‡li hy‡M| Zvi GB weK…Z hyw³i gZ Abyhvqx GB bxPz —‡ii gvbyl‡ì‡K †cvl gvbv‡bv , e›`x Kiv Ggb Kx †g‡i †djvI ‰ea ---wVK †hgbwU êa evbi ev Ab¨ cÖvYxi †ejvq| GB GKB hyw³‡Z WviDBb fve‡Zv , Ab¨ RvwZi gvbyl‡ì m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß Kiv hv‡e| Zvi eB‡Z WviDBb bxPz RvwZi gvbyl‡ì wb‡R‡ì AwaKvify³ Kivi c‡¶ hyw³ †`b †h , A`~i fwel¨‡Z hvi Lye †ekx ‡ìx †bB , wb:m‡›`‡n mf¨ RvwZi gvby‡liv Amf¨ gvbyl‡ì‡K wbwðý K‡i †`‡e I Amf¨ gvbyl‡ì e`‡j GB c„w_ex‡Z mfïv wb‡R‡ì RvqMv K‡i †b‡e ....G‡Z †KvbB m‡›`n †bB †h GB bxPz RvwZi gvby‡liv GK`g wbg©~j n‡q hv‡e (Charles Darwin, The

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Descent of Man, 2nd edition, New York, A L. Burt Co., 1874, p. 178 ) Gme wee„wZ‡Z cÖKvk cv‡”Q , WviDBb ¯úóZ:B wQ‡jb eY© we‡Ølx| Zvi wek¦vm wQj GB †h , BD‡ivcxqiv me RvwZi g‡a¨ †kªô ; ZvB Ab¨ RvwZ‡K `vm evbv‡bv ev aŸsm Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì| weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡ †_‡K GB gZ MÖnY Kiv nq ; hv Social Darwinism bv‡g cwiwPZ| Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB g~jZ: mvgªvRëv` , eY©we‡Øl I êlg¨ êaZv jvf K‡i| †h me †`‡k Social Darwinism ‡K mvb‡›` MÖnY Kiv nq , Rvg©vbx Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU| bvrmx I WviDBwbRg: bvrmxiv †h WviDB‡bi weeZ©bev` †_‡K DrmvwnZ n‡qwQj , Zv †Kvb AvKw¯§K NUbvPµ bq| †hw`b †_‡K GB g‡Zi Rb¥ n‡jv , bvrmx‡ì Av`k© †_‡K Zv‡K †Kvbfv‡eB Avjv`v Kivi Dcvq wQj bv| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡× civwRZ Rvg©vbx‡Z bvrmx gZev‡ì Rb¥| Rvg©vbxi bvrmx `‡ji Ab¨Zg cÖwZôvZv I †bZv GWjd wnUjvi wQ‡jb GK D”PvKv•Lx I AvMÖvmx ai‡bi gvbyl| Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Zvi „wóf½x wQj eY©we‡Ølg~jK| wnUjvi g‡b-cÖv‡Y wek¦vm Ki‡Zv †h Rvg©vbxiv cÖfy Avi ZvivB Ab¨ me RvwZ‡K †bZ…Z¡ †`‡e| wnUjvi wb‡R‡K wb‡ew`Z K‡i Ggb GKwU Rvg©vb mvgªvR¨ ( Z…Zxq ivBL ) cÖwZôv Ki‡Z hv nvRvi eQi a‡i †eu‡P _vK‡e| WviDB‡bi weeZ©ev` wQj wnUjv‡ii eY©ev`x gZev‡ì êÁvwbK wfwË| Rvg©vbxi GKRb eY©we‡Ølx BwZnvmwe` Heinrich von Treitcshke Øviv wnUjvi LyeB cÖfvweZ nb| H e¨w³ Avevi cÖfvweZ wQj WviDBb Gi weeZ©bev` gZ w`‡q| Zvi `„p wek¦vm wQj †h , WviDB‡bi †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡gi Z‡Ë¡i g‡Zv wewfbœ †`k‡KI Zxeª jovB K‡i DbœwZi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| Treitcshke Gi bx‡Pi e³‡eï g‡a¨ Ab¨vb¨ RvwZi cÖwZ Zvi g‡bvfv‡ei cÖKvk N‡U----Ò wkíKjv I ivR‰bwZK ^vaxbZv †evSvi mva¨ †bB GB g‡½vjxq gvbyl‡ì| Kv‡jv‡ì fvM¨B GUv †h , Zviv mv`v gvbyl‡ì †mev Ki‡e Ges Abš—Kvj mv`v‡ì N„Yvi cvÎ n‡e ...( UxKv 17: Alaeddin Şenel, Irk ve Irkçılık Düşüncesi (The Idea of Race and Racism), Ankara:Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları, 1993, pp.62-6 )

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WviDB‡bi weeZ©bev‡ì msMÖvg †_‡K wnUjvi Zvi wewfbœ gZ MV‡bi †cÖiYv cvq| WviDB‡bi †eu‡P _vKvi jovB gZev` †_‡K DØy× n‡q wnUjvi Zvi weL¨vZ eB Mein Kampf ‡j‡L| Ab¨ RvwZ m¤ú‡K© WviDB‡bi „wóf½x wnUjvi ‡g‡b P‡j Ges wVK Zvi g‡ZvB A-BD‡ivcxq RvwZ‡ì‡K evbi RvZxq cÖvYxi g‡Zv we‡ePbv K‡i : ‡bvwW©K Rvg©vb ( j¤^v , †mvbvjx Pzj , bxj †Pv‡Li BD‡ivcxq‡ì ) ev` w`‡j _v‡K ïay euv`‡ii bvP ( UxKv 18: Carl Cohen, Communism, Fascism and Democracy, New York: Random House Publishing, 1972, p.408) weeZ©bev‡ì „wóf½x †_‡K bvrmxiv MÖnY K‡i mycÖRbb we`¨vi gZ| GUv wQj Ò wewfbœ cÖRvwZ ( we‡klZ gvby‡li ) msL¨v wbqwš¿Zfv‡e e„w× Kiv hv‡Z cQ›`gZ êwk‡óï wfwË‡Z esk e„w× nq|ÕÕ GB g‡Zi Rb¨ bvrmxiv ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Q| cy‡i BD‡iv‡c GB †hgb myB‡W‡bI GB gZ M„nxZ nq| g‡b Kiv n‡jv , GUv LyeB eo GKUv AR©b n‡e , hw` kvixwiK I gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx‡ì‡K kvixwiK wgjb †_‡K ~‡i †i‡L Zv‡ì esk e„w× †iva Kiv hvq----cÖ‡qvR‡b eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e eÜ¨vKiY c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GB g‡Zi cÖe³v wQ‡jb , nu v , Abygvb Kiv mnR †h Giv WviDBbcš’x| G‡ì GKRb wjIbv`© WviDBb ---Pvj©m WviDB‡bi †Q‡j ; Ab¨Rb Zvi i³m¤ú©Kxq AvZœxq d«vwÝm †MjUb| GB eugenics ev mycÖRbbwe`¨v gZev‡ì cÖ_g Abymvix I cÖPviK n‡jb Rvg©vbxi weL¨vZ weeZ©bev`x Earnet Hackel WviDB‡bi Nwbô eÜz †n‡Kj Zv‡K bvbv c_ I gZ evZ‡j w`‡jv| Gi GKUv n‡jv cÖwZeÜx wkï‡ì †g‡i †d‡j weeZ©bev‡ì cÖwµqv Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv| Av‡iKwU gZ wQj ----- Kzô , K¨vÝvi †ivMx Ges gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx‡ì webv hš¿Yvq †g‡i †djv | bB‡j Giv mgv‡Ri †evSv n‡q _vK‡e| wnUjvi hLb ¶gZv MÖnY Ki‡jv , ZLb †n‡K‡ji Gme gZvgZ miKvix wewfbœ bxwZ‡Z MÖnY Kiv n‡jv | d‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ gvbwmK I kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx , AÜ I hviv eskMZ †iv‡M fyM‡Q , Zv‡ì‡K we‡kl †K›`ªMywj‡Z AvUK ivLv n‡jv| GB weK…Z „wóf½xi Kvi‡Y g‡b Kiv n‡Zv , Gme gvbyliv weï× Rvg©vb i³ I RvwZ‡K KjywlZ Ki‡Q I Z_vKw_Z weeZ©bev‡ì µg Dbœq‡bi aviv‡K ¶wZMÖ ’ Ki‡Q| mgvR †_‡K Gme we‡kl †kªYxi gvbyl‡ì mvgwqKfv‡e Avjv`v †i‡L wnUjv‡ii †Mvcb Av‡`‡k Ab¨vqfv‡e G‡ì‡K †Mvc‡b †g‡i †djv nq | wØZxq wek¦hy‡× civR‡qi ci Ô Z…Zxq ivBLÕ Gi ¯’vb nq

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BwZnv‡mi cvZvq| wKš‘ wcQ‡b †i‡L hvq jvL , jvL wbiciva fvM¨vnZ gvbyl‡K| GiciI Social Darwinism hv bvrmx gZv`‡k©i wfZ cÖwZôv K‡i , Zv GL‡bv i‡q wM‡q‡Q| GZ¶Y ‡h weeiY †`qv n‡jv , Zvi mv‡_ A‡bK gvbylB cwiwPZ| Aek¨ Lye KgRbB ey‡S †h , GB HwZnvwmK NUbvejxi cÖwZwµqv GL‡bv Pj‡Q| ïaygvÎ kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e cÖwZeÜx nIqvi Kvi‡Y wbiciva gvbyl‡K mš¿vm I wbôziZvi ga¨ w`‡q nZ¨vi gva¨‡g cÖKvk cvq --hviv GUv K‡i , Zviv KZUv Amy ’ I weK…Z gb-gvbwmKZvi AwaKvix| ag©nxbZvB `vqx GB Amy ’ I weK…Z AvZ¥vi Rb¨| hZ¶Y ch©š— GB ag©nxbZvi Av`k© eRvq _vK‡e , ZZ¶Y ch©š— me ai‡bi A ^vfvweKZv , wbôziZv I weK…Z AvPvi-AvPiY Pj‡ZB _vK‡e| GB Amy ’ gvbwmKZvi wKQy gvby‡li Rb¨ jvL jvL gvbyl fyj c‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q---GUv ag©nxbZvi GKwU wb`k©b| ‡h gvbyl Avj −vn‡K fq cvq Ges Avj −vni cÖwZ wek¦vm I fimv iv‡L †h , wZwb me©kw³gvb ---‡mB gvbyl KL‡bv wbôzi I weK…Z AvPiY K‡i bv| eis Pig mvn‡mi cwiPq w`‡q AZ¨š— AvMÖ‡ni mv‡_ Ab¨ gvbyl‡ì‡K i¶v Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i hviv wbôzi kvmK‡ì nv‡Z e›`x| Giv gvbyl‡K mwVK c_ †`Lvq I mZK© K‡i †`q| †hgb , nhiZ gymv (Av: ) GKvKx msMÖvg K‡iwQ‡jb †divD‡bi wei“‡× , †h wQj wnUjvi I gy‡mvwjwbi g‡Zv eY©ev`x I wbôzi ˆ îvPvix gvbwmKZvi| †divD‡bi wbôzi kvmb †_‡K gymv (Av: ) ebx BmivBj‡ì i¶v K‡iwQ‡jb| Avj−vni cÖwZ AwePj Av ’vi Kvi‡YB gymv (Av: ) GZUv mvnmx n‡qwQ‡jb| GB KvR wZwb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb Zvi wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y hv Zuv‡K w`‡qwQj ag©xq gyj¨‡eva I we‡eK-we‡ePbv| †hfv‡e gymv (Av: ) †divD‡bi Kv‡Q wM‡qwQ‡jb , Zvi mv‡_ K_v e‡j‡Qb , Zv ¯úó eywS‡q †`q Avj−vnÕi cÖwZ Zvi wek¦v‡mi K_v , fimvi K_v| Ò.... Avwg gymv‡K Avgvi wb`k©bmn †divDb I Zvi mfvm`‡ì Kv‡Q cvVvB ; wKš‘ Zviv Zvi cÖwZ Ryjyg K‡i; myZivs j¶¨ K‡iv , Kx cwiYwZ n‡qwQj d¨vmv` m„wóKvix‡ì| gymv ej‡jv : †n †divDb ; Avwg GKRb ivm~j wek¦ RM‡Zi cÖwZcvj‡Ki KvQ †_‡K ; GUvB m½Z †h , Avwg mZ¨ Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb K_v

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Avj −vnÕi cÖwZ Av‡ivc Ki‡ev bv| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q ¯úó cÖgvY wb‡q G‡mwQ †Zvgv‡ì i‡ei Zid †_‡K| AZGe †h‡Z `vI Avgvi mv‡_ ebx BmivBj‡KÓ| (myiv Avivd; 7 : 103-105)| eY©ev`: Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡k eQ‡ii ci eQi msNl© e‡q wb‡q Av‡b:- A‡bK w`b a‡i Avwd«Kv gnv‡`k msNl© , hy× , ¶zav Avi wb`vi“Y hš¿Yvq cxwoZ| mZ¨ I b¨v‡q†_‡K hviv ~‡i i‡q‡Q Ges Amvay wek¦vm‡K hviv †g‡b P‡j , Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h ¯v‡_©i Ø›Ø Zvi cwiYv‡g GB AÂ‡j †kªôZvi jovB †j‡MB i‡q‡Q| 1950 mvj ch©š— mvgªvRëv`x †`kPvwc‡q †`qv bvbv msNl© I wewfbœ ‰elg¨gyjK eY©ev`x bxwZ‡Z GB GjvKvi gvby‡liv hš¿Yvi wkKvi n‡q‡Q| 50 Gi `k‡K GB cy‡iv gnv‡`‡k gvÎ PviwU †`k miKvixfv‡e wQj| 1962 mv‡j GB msL¨v ‡e‡o nq 30| P~ovš—fv‡e 1972 mv‡j wKQy e¨wZµg ev`cy‡iv gnv‡`kwU ¯vaxb nq| Aek¨ mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q GB ¯vaxbZv wQj †K†jvK‡`Lv‡bv ; †Kbbv , mv‡eK mvgªvRëv`x kw³i e`‡j ¶gZvq Av‡m wbôzi ¯wbh©vZbKvix ˆ îvPvix cÖfyiv| G‡ì mevi mv‡_B mv‡eK Dcwb‡ekev`x kw³ A_©vr Gcwðgv †`k¸wji Nwbô m¤úK© wQj| hvi Rb¨ Gme †`‡k ¯vaxbZv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© gyw³Av‡m wb ; eis gvbyl Afve I msN‡l©i Dcwb‡ek Avg‡ji †P‡qI †ekx Kó †fvM K‡i‡QAZ¨vPvix kvmK‡ì mgq| GB Ae ’vi †cÖw¶‡Z gvbyl HKë× nq ˆ¯ivPvix kvm‡bi weGKB mgq , GB me ˆ îkvm‡Kiv wewfbœ RvwZ-‡Mvôx‡K D‡ËwRZ K‡i †Zv‡j Ges wbR wbRAw ’iZvi m„wó K‡i Ges wek„•Lj cwiw ’wZi dvq`v jy‡U| yBwU RvwZ‡Mvôx Hutus I Tutsis Gi g‡a¨ hvqv‡i †h msNl© nq , Zv wesk kZvãxi R

`v½vi GKwU mvaviY D`vniY| 1997 mv‡ji emš—Kv‡j `yB †Mvôx hy‡× Rwo‡q c‡o| Gi Qwo‡q c‡o hvqvi , i“qvÛv , DMvÛv , eyi“wÛ I ZvbwRwbqvq | mvgªvRëv`x †`k¸wji ivRPvc †_‡K ~b©xwZMÖ ’ GB AÂj‡K 1960 mv‡ji ¯^vaxbZv ej‡Z †M‡j †Kvb ai‡bi gyw³Bw`‡Z cv‡i wb| gvwK©b mg_©bcyó †Rv‡md geyZz 1964 mv‡j ¶gZv `Lj K‡ib Ges †`‡kcÖvK…wZK m¤ú`‡K gvwK©bx‡ì ^v‡_© eëýZ n‡Z †`b--- †`‡ki gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi K_v ‡geyZz eQ‡ii ci eQi e¨w³MZ m¤ú` M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges †`‡ki RbM‡Yi `vex `vwe‡q † ^”QvPvwiZvi Avkªq †bb| †h mgq gy`ªvùxwZi m‡e©v”P nvi †`‡k wQj cÖvq 6000%| ZLbcÖavb †Mvôxi g‡a¨ GB AÂ‡j Zzgyj msNl© ïi“ nq| GB RvwZMZ `v½vq MYnZ¨vi wkKvicÖvq cuvP j¶ gvbyl gviv hvq| nvRvi nvRvi †`kZ¨vMx gvbyl R½‡j R½‡j AZ¨š— fqsKKwVb cix¶vi ga¨ w`‡q hvq| †kl ch©š— †ekxifvM gvbylB ¶zav Avi gnvgvix‡Z cÖvY nwbiciva gvbyl‡ì RevB Kiv nq ïay GRb¨ †h Zviv Ab¨ RvwZ‡Mvôxi| Ggb Kx , wkï I

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ev”Pv‡ì‡KI †g‡i †djv nq| GB †h RvwZMZ we‡Øl , Zv cweÎ KyiAv‡b ag©xq Dwnmv‡e G‡m‡Q| KyiAv‡b Zxeª a‡g©vb¥ËZvi Kvi‡Y wbôziZv , MYnZ¨vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Qe¨w³‡ì GB Db¥Ë gvbwmKZvi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì „wó AvKl©Y K‡i Avj −vn e‡jb , Ò hLb KZv‡ì Aš—‡i AÁZv hy‡Mi †R` †cvlY KiwQ‡jv , ZLb Avj −vn wb‡Ri Zid †_‡K Zuvi igywgb‡ì Dci bvwhj Ki‡jb cÖkvwš— I Zv‡ì‡K ZvKIqvi K_vi Dci my „p ivL‡jb , AviwQj Gi AwaK nK`vi I †hvM¨ | Avj−vn me wel‡q me©ÁÓ ( myiv dvZvn ; 48: 26 )| Avwd«Kv ev GB c„w_exi †h †Kvb cÖv‡š—B †nvK bv †Kb , eY©we‡Ølx Gme AvPiY ag©nxbZvi Aw`K‡K cÖKvk K‡i| GUv‡K m¤ú~Y© `~i Kiv †Kej ZLbB m¤¢e hLb mZ¨ , mwVK a‡g©i bAvgiv wb‡Riv Rxeb KvUv‡ev I Ab¨‡KI Zv AbymiY Ki‡Z DØy× Ki‡Z cvi‡ev| ag©nxb mgv‡R wbôziZv I wek„•LjZv: Av‡Mi Aa¨vq¸wj‡Z e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q , c„w_exi me cÖv‡š—B †hgb K‡mv‡fv , Kvwk¥i , wdwjw —b , †PPwbqv I Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k gymjgvbiv memgqB ¶gvnxb wbôziZv I Abš— mgm¨vi n‡”Q| †h cÖwµqvq Gme Pj‡Q , Zv‡Z GUv g‡b Kiv fyj n‡e †h , GB yB‡qi g‡a¨ †KvbB †bB | Avevi Gme mgm¨v GKwU †`‡ki mvaviY ivR‰bwZK I ‡fŠMwjK mgm¨v ---GgbwU fyj n‡e| c„w_ex‡Z †hLv‡b hZ hy× n‡q‡Q , wKQy gvbyl memgqB †mme †_‡K dvq`v jy‡U‡Q me gymjgvb‡K Gme e¨cvi †`‡L mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e ; bB‡j fyj K‡i g‡b Kiv n‡e †h, `~N©Ubvµ‡g N‡U‡Q ---hvi †Kvb mgvav‡bi ìKvi †bB| GKwU nv`x‡m ejv n‡q‡Q , †Kqw`b AZ¨vPvi / wbh©vZb AÜKvi iy‡c †`Lv †`‡e ( UxKv 19: mnxn gymwjg , eB 32 , bs 624 wesk kZvãx wPwýZ n‡q Av‡Q bwRiwenxb wbôziZvi Rb¨ | Gme hy× Avi wbôziZviKwgDwb÷ ev mvgëv`x Av‡›`vjb cÖavbZ `vqx| gvK©mev`x `k©bZ‡Ë¡ wek¦vmx GB mvgëvÀvm‡j e¯Ëev`x Av`k©‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i I ag© , bxwZK_v I cvwievwiK g~j¨‡eva‡K m¤ú~cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| †h me †`‡k KwgDwb÷ kvmb i‡q‡Q , BwZnvm cÖ‡qvR‡bi †P‡qI h‡_ó cÖgvY †`q †h , ‡m mgv‡R ag©nxbZv wKfv‡e Rxeb‡K ~we©mn K‡i †Zv‡j| ivwkqv eû `kKKwgDwb÷ kvm‡b i‡q‡Q| BwZnv‡mi w`‡K GKbRi †PvL wdiv‡j Avi ivwkqvi cwiw ’wZ †`L‡jB GB wbôzi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv ¯úó aviYv cvIqv hv‡e| BwZnv‡m ag©nxbZv : mvgëv‡ì c`wPý a‡i AbymÜvb

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mgvR‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| ag©nxbZvi bxwZ‡K mg_©b K‡i bv , Ggb me Kvh©µg GB mgv‡R wbwKiv nq| 2| gvbyl‡K GUv wek¦vm Kiv‡bv nq †h , GKbvqK n‡jb Aåvš—| me ag©we‡ivax kvm‡bBbvrmxev` I KwgDwb÷ ) Avg‡j †bZv‡K c~Rv Kivi weK…Z gb-gvbwmKZvi cÖPjb wQj| 3| ag© cvjb I wPš—vi ¯^vaxbZv Le© nq| gmwR` , gw›ì , wMR©v , mxbvMM ( Bqvn~ x‡ì cÖv_©bvi RvqMvq ) hvIqv wbwl× nq| ag©xq K_vevZ©v I wbwl× n‡q hvq | ag†gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ RvZxq ev‡RU †_‡K we‡kl eivÏ †`qv nq ( UxKv 20- Ali BulaÇağdaş Kavramlar ve Düzenler (Contemporary Concepts and Orderp.108 ) 4| A_©bxwZ _v‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e iv‡óªi wbqš¿‡Y| e¨w³MZ wewb‡qvM wbwl× n‡q hvq| KKviLvbv , Drcv`‡bi DcKiY , Drcv`‡bi myweavmg~n Ges e¨vsK meB RvZxqKiY Kiv nq| 5| KwgDwb÷ †hv×viv e¨w³MZ me cÖwZôvb ev‡Rqvß K‡i| km¨‡¶Z , MÖvgevmx‡ì dmj†`‡ki e„nËi ^v‡_© ÕÕ iv‡óªi m¤úwË n‡q hvq| 6| ¶zav I Abvnv‡i bvix , wkï I e„×mn j¶ , j¶ gvbyl gviv hvq| GB e¨ve ’v m„wó KMixe I myweav ewÂZ gvbyl‡ì ; mevi Dci KwVb GK Rxeb Pvwc‡q †`qv nq| G Rxe‡b UzK‡iv i“wU †Kbvi Rb¨ N›Uvi ci N›Uv jvB‡b `vwo‡q _vK‡Z nq| 7| gvbyl‡K kªg wkwe‡i e›`x K‡i ivLv nq Ges MYnv‡i †g‡i †djv nq| hviv †eu‡P _v‡K ZKwVb me cwiw ’wZ‡Z eva¨Zvg~jK cwikª‡g eva¨ nq| hviv Gme Kv‡Ri kZ© †g‡b wb‡Zv,Zv‡ì‡K mvB‡ewiqvq wbe©vm‡b cvVv‡bv n‡Zv| 8| we‡ ªvnx‡ì‡K KwgDwb÷ R½xiv †g‡i †dj‡Zv | gvby‡li †Pv‡Li mvg‡b we‡ ªvnx‡ì‡K ¸K‡i †g‡i †djv n‡Zv| 9| ivRbxwZwe` ev eyw×Rxwe †hB †nvK bv †Kb , bxwZi we‡ivwaZv ev mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Zv‡ì‡K †g‡i †djv n‡Zv|

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10| hviv ¶gZvq _v‡K Zviv _v‡K Acwimxg cÖvPz‡h©i g‡a¨ Avi mvaviY gvbyliv RxKvUvq Kó I hš¿Yvi wfZi| †hgb , hLb KwgDwb÷ cvwU© ¶gZv `Lj Ki‡jv , ZLb †`‡ki GKRb mvaviY Kg©x I `‡ji m`m¨‡ì †eZ‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wQj 25-30 nvRvi i“‡ej| KwgDwb÷‡ì †eZb e¨w³we‡k‡l wQj 25 nvRvi †_‡K ïi“ K100 nvRvi i“ej †hLv‡b mvaviY gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ †ekxifv‡MiB †eZb wQj gvÎ 150 i“eGQvovI , KwgDwb÷ `‡ji m`m¨‡ì wQj cÖvmv` , Mvwo ,webv cqmvi ^v ’ †mev mywBZ¨vw`| Gme †Kvb my‡hvM-myweavB mvaviY gvbyl‡ì wQj bv -- hv‡ì kªg wQj RvZA_©bxwZi †gi“ Û { UxKv 21- Mahmud Ahmet, Islam Iktisadı (Islamic Economp.80 } 11| AZ¨vPvix kvmK‡ì cywjk wefvM mvaviY gvbyl‡K fq †`wL‡q eva¨ ivL‡Zv| Rbmviv¶YB ûgwKi gy‡L _vK‡Zv| 12| KwgDwb÷ cvwU© †`k‡K Aš—nxb we‡iva , `v½v Avi wek„•Ljvi g‡a¨ wb‡q hvq| 13| wbh©vZbg~jK I GKbvqKZvwš¿K eë ’v ¯‹z‡ji Dc‡iI cÖfve †d‡j| †jwb‡bi g‡Zwk¶v RvMwZK , wbi‡c¶ I ivRbxwZ gy³ n‡e bv| 1918 mv‡ji 25 AMv÷ †mvwf‡wk¶vi Dci cÖ_g Ks‡MÖ‡mi fvl‡Y †jwbb e‡jb , wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv ey‡R©vqv‡ì AcmKiv| wZwb ¯úó †NvlYv †`b †h , ivRbxwZi evB‡i †Kvb wk¶v †bB Ges evKx me wKn‡jv wb‡f©Rvj wg_¨v I fÛvgx ( UxKv 22- Alija Ali Izetbegovic, Islam BetweEast and West, p. 102) wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ nq ag©nxb , bxwZnxb `~e©j eskai M‡o †Zvjv , hv‡ì †Kvb †eva _vK‡e Avi KwgDwb÷‡ì ¯^v‡_© KvR Ki‡e| 14| ag©nxb wek¦v‡m Zi“Y‡ì gMR †avjvB Kiv nq Avi ag©nxb bxwZ kvwš—Kvgx gvby‡e`‡j mk ¿ R½x‡ì m„wó Ki‡jv| 15| cwievi cÖ_vi gZev` wejyß nq| wkï‡ì‡K cwievi †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i †djv nq GZviv BqvZxgLvbvq eo n‡Z _v‡K| cwievi‡K g‡b Kiv n‡jv iv‡óªi ^v_© we‡ivaKwgDwb÷‡ì mfv‡Z G ai‡bi „wóf½x cÖKvk †cj †h , hZw`b ch©š— cvwievwiK eÜAvi cwievi cÖ_v wUu‡K _vK‡e , ZZw`b ch©š— ~e©j n‡q _vKvUvB wec −‡ei fv

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AcwieZ©bxq wjLb n‡q _vK‡e ( UxKv 23- Ali Bulac, Çağdaş Kavramlar Düzenler(Contemporary Concepts and Orders), p.114) 16| wkíKjv , weÁvb KwgDwb÷ kvm‡b jvf Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM cvq wb| †Kbbv , RvZev‡R‡Ui †ekxifvMB LiP n‡Zv A‡ ¿i wcQ‡b ; hv wKbv eënvi Kiv n‡Zv MYgvbylAZ¨vPvi I nZ¨v Ki‡Z | 17| Zi“Y‡ì mvg‡b Rxe‡bi †Kvb gnr j¶¨ wQj bv| ZvB Zi“Y‡ì g‡a¨ AvZœnZ¨vi nvi evojvM‡jv| GB eë ’v wb‡RB Zi“Y‡ì‡K g` I gv`‡Ki †bkvi c‡_ †V‡j w`‡jv| 18| †cÖ‡mi ¯^vaxbZv ej‡Z wKQyB _v‡K bv| hZ¶Y ch©š— †bZv I bxwZi cÖksmv Kiv nqZZ¶YB ïay cÖKvk I cÖPv‡ii ^vaxbZv _v‡K| GQvov , †cÖm‡K wbðzc _vK‡Z nq| Dcmsnvi: ....Ò Avi Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡ †Kej ¯úóiy‡c cÖPvi Kiv ( myiv Bqvwmb; 36: 17)| ¶zav †_‡K Afve , gv`K †_‡K bxwZnxbZv , GB eB‡Z Avgiv we‡k¦i A‡bK mgm¨v wb‡Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ hv Avï mgvav‡bi `vex iv‡L| wb:m‡›`‡n Avgiv mevB GB me mgm¨vi mcwiwPZ| GiciI GUvB mZ¨ †h , †ekxifvM gvbylB KL‡bv Gi GKwUiI mgvav‡bi R†Kvb `vq-`vwqZ¡ KL‡bv Ab~fe K‡i wb| eis Avgiv G wb‡q wPš—v KivUv ch©š— Gwo‡q wM‡qAb¨w`‡K , wKQy gvbyl Gme mgm¨v wb‡q Mfxifv‡e †f‡e‡Qb ; Ab¨ gvby‡li `„wó AvKl©‡†Póv K‡i‡Qb Ges g‡b g‡b fxlY Kó †c‡q‡Qb Gme mgm¨v mgvav‡b gvby‡li e¨_©Zvi Rb¨| `xN©w`b a‡i Gme mgm¨vi mgvav‡b gvby‡li e¨_©Zvi KviY n‡jv †`v‡l fiv wewfbœ gZev`c×wZ ; hv‡ì‡K Avgiv Avkªq K‡iwQ| mgvavb i‡q‡Q cweÎ KyiAvb I mybœvnÕi c‡_ wdAvmvi g‡a¨ ; Avj−vn GB c_‡KB gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ K‡i‡Qb| GwU GKwU cy‡ivcywi fyj wm×vš— n‡e hw` Avgiv mgm¨vq fiv Rxeb‡K Zvi me †`vl-Î“wU†hgb Av‡Q wVK †ZgbwU-B †g‡b ‡bB ; A_ev wbðzc n‡q _vwK A_ev ïay ZvwK‡q ZvwK†`wL †h GB me Am¤ú~Y©Zv‡K wb‡q wKfv‡e GB c„w_ex cwiï× nIqvi ~j©f cÖZ¨vkv Kicv‡i| Avj −vn gvbyl‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb , †h c‡_ G¸‡j Avgiv kvwš— I wbivcËv cv‡ev , †mUwZwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb| cweÎ KziAv‡bi gva¨‡g Avj −vn GB c×wZi K_v Avgv‡ì Rvwb‡q‡Qmyiv bvn‡j Avj −vn e‡jb , Ò...Avwg AvZœmgc©bKvix‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi my¯úó e¨vL¨vKvixc_ wb‡ ©k , ingZ I mymsev` wnmv‡e †Zvgvi Kv‡Q wKZve bvwhj K‡iwQ ( 16: 89)|

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Rxe‡bi mKj †¶‡ÎB KyiAvb gvbyl‡K c_ †`wL‡q m‡Zï w`‡K wb‡q hvq| Bmjv‡gi mwZ¨Kweï× g~j¨‡eva †Kvb N„Yv I gvby‡li ms‡hvRb Qvov hw` gvbeRvwZi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv hvZvn‡j eZ©gvb c„w_exi me mgm¨vi mgvavbB m¤¢e| Av‡iKwU M~i“Z¡c~Y© w`K hv D‡j−‡Li `vex iv‡L Zvn‡jv ---Avj −vn gvbyl‡K GB Rxe‡b I g„ZcieZ©x Rxe‡b Zvi ing‡Zi cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡q‡Qb-----KyiAv‡b AbyMZ _vKvi GUv GKUv KviY | Gi cwiYv‡g KyiAvb Rxe‡bi mgm¨v ~i K‡i Ges Avj−vn whwb gvby‡li cÖwZ c¶gvkxj , wZwb gvbyl‡K cyi®‹vi wnmv‡e `vb Ki‡eb my›ì GKwU Rxeb hv GB c„w_exi mgm¨v I Kó †_‡K cwiï×| myiv bvn‡j Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb , Ò ‡Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q hv Av‡Q Zv wb:†kl n‡q hv‡e Ges Avj −vnKv‡Q hv Av‡Q Zv wPi ’vqx| hviv mei ( âh© aviY ) K‡i , Avwg Aek¨B Zv‡ì‡K `vb KiZviv hv Ki‡Zv Zvi †P‡q DËg cyi¯‹vi| †h fvj KvR K‡i Ges †h gywgb , †nvK †m cywKsev bvix , Avwg Zv‡K Aek¨B `vb Ki‡ev GK cweÎ kvwš—gq Rxeb Ges Zviv hv Ki‡ZZvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì‡K †kªô cyi¯‹vi `vb Ki‡ev Ó ( 16: 96-97)| KyiAv‡bi g~j¨‡ev‡aB i‡q‡Q mgvavb | ZvB we‡eKm¤úbœ wek¦vmx‡ì Rb¨ GUv GKwU eo KZ‡h Zviv gvby‡li Kv‡Q KyiAv‡bi evYx †cuŠ‡Q w`‡e| ....Ò Avi Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡ †Kej ¯úóiy‡c cÖPvi Kiv ( myiv Bqvwmb; 36: 17)| weeZ©bev` m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYv : Ò wZwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb mvZ Avmgvb —‡i —‡i | Zzwg †Kvb LuyZ †`L‡Z cv‡e `qvgq Avj −vnÕi m„wó‡Z| Avevi wdivI „wó , †Kvb Î“wU †`L‡Z cvI wK ? (myiv g~jK; 67 : 3 ) GB gnvwe‡k¦i me wKQyB GK †kªôZi m„wói w`‡K wb‡ ©kbv ‡`q| Ab¨w`‡K , e¯Ëevw`Zv gnvwe‡k¦i m„wó ZË¡‡K A ^xKvi K‡i hv Avi wKQyB bq , eis GK A‰eÁvwbK ZË¡| e¯Ëev`x gZev` hLb evwZj n‡q hvq , ZLb GB Av`‡k©i Dci M‡o DVv Ab¨ me gZev` wfwËnxb n‡q hvq| me‡P‡q cÖ_‡gB Av‡m WviDBwbR‡gi K_v A_©vr weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡| GB g‡Z `vex Kiv nq -- †Kej NUbvP‡µB RoRMZ †_‡K cÖv‡Yi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Avj −vn GB gnvwek¦‡K m„wó

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K‡i‡Qb -- GB ¯xK…wZi mv‡_ mv‡_B GB ZË¡ wg_¨v n‡q hvq b¶‡Îi ivmvqwbK I c`v_©ZË¡we` Hugh Ross e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb , bvw —KZv , WviDBwbRg I Ab¨vb¨ me gZev‡ì DrcwË nq 18 kÕ †_‡K wesk kZvãxi g‡a¨ | GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ †h me `vk©wbK gZ M‡o D‡VwQj , †m me‡K mZ¨ e‡j a‡i †bqv n‡qwQj ; fyjfv‡e g‡b Kiv n‡qwQj †h gnvwek¦ n‡”Q Amxg| GB gnvwek¦mn cÖv‡Yi m„wói wcQ‡b †h hyw³ i‡q‡Q , Af~Zc~e© Dcv‡q Avgiv Zvi gy‡LvgywL nB ( UxKv 24 Hugh Ross, The Fingerprint of God, p. 50) wZwbB Avj −vn whwb GB gnvwek¦‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges ¶z ªvwZ¶z ª e¯Ë‡KI my›ìfv‡e evwb‡q‡Qb| †mRb¨ weeZ©bev` ZË¡ Abyhvqx Rxeš— cÖvYx Avj −vn KZ©„K m„ó nq wb eis NUbvP‡µ m„ó--- GUv Am¤¢e | GLv‡b AevK nIqvi wKQy †bB †h , Avgiv hLb weeZ©b g‡Zi w`‡K ZvKvB , ZLb †`wL GB gZ êÁvwbK Z_¨-cÖgvYvw`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Q| Rxe‡bi bK&kv LyeB RwUj I AZ¨š— ü`qMÖvnx| Rxe‡bi GB Af~Zc~e© bK&kv wesk kZvãxi †k‡l WviDB‡bi gZ‡K A‰ea K‡i †`q| Avgv‡ì wKQy eB‡Z GB welq wb‡q Avgiv we —vwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ Ges Bbkv Avj −vn fwel¨‡ZI Ki‡ev| Avgiv g‡b Kwi , Gi M~i“Z¡ Dcjwä K‡i GKwU msw¶ß mvigg© GLv‡b cÖ vb Ki‡j Zv A‡b‡Ki DcKv‡i Avm‡e| ‰eÁvwbK ZË¡ wnmv‡e WviDBwbR‡gi cZb: hwÌ GB gZev‡ì D™¢e †mB cÖvPxb MÖxm †_‡K ; weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡ g~jZ: †Rvi`vi cÖPvi cvq 19 kZvãx‡Z G‡m| GB gZ wb‡q me‡P‡q M~i“Z¡c~Y© AMÖMwZ mvwaZ nq hLb 1859 mv‡j Pvj©m WviDB‡bi "The Origin of Species" eBwU cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi ciciB weÁv‡bi RM‡Z GB gZev` Av‡jvPbvi kx‡l© P‡j Av‡m| GB eB‡Z WviDBb A¯^xKvi K‡ib †h Avj −vn wewfbœ Rxeš— cÖvYx‡K Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e m„wó K‡i‡Qb| WviDB‡bi g‡Z , me Rxeš— cÖvYxi c~e©-cyi“l GKB Ges c‡i wKQy cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cÖvYx‡ì g‡a¨ êwPÎ¨ G‡m‡Q| WviDB‡bi gZev` †Kvb †Rviv‡jv êÁvwbK Z_¨-cÖgvYvwì Dci cÖwZwôZ wQj bv| wZwb wb‡RI GUv ^xKvi K‡ib †h , GmeB †Kej Ô Abygvb Õ| GQvovI ,

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Zvi eB‡qi GKwU `xN© Aa¨vq Difficulties of the Theory ‡Z WviDBb ¯xKvi K‡ib †h , A‡bK RwUj cÖ‡kœi gy‡L GB ZË¡ e¨_© cÖgvwYZ n‡”Q| weÁv‡bi be-be Avwe®‹v‡ii Dci WviDBb Zvi me Avkv - fimv Ac©Y K‡ib | wZwb Avkv K‡ib †h , bZzb Avwe®‹v‡ii ga¨ w`‡q GB gZev‡ì mgm¨v¸wji mgvavb †ewi‡q Avm‡e| hwÌ †`Lv †Mj , bZzb êÁvwbK cÖgvYvw` Zvi Avkvi wVK D‡ëv KvRwU NUv‡jv| mgm¨vi eûgvwÎK RwUjZv eis e„w× †cj| êÁvwbKfv‡e WviDBb †h e¨_© , Zv wZbfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv hvq| 1| GB ZË¡ †Kvbfv‡eB e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i bv , wKfv‡e GB c„w_ex‡Z cÖv‡Yi m„wó n‡jv ? 2| m„wói wcQ‡b êc −weK †h †KŠk‡ji `vex GB gZ K‡i , êÁvwbK †Kvb Z_¨vw` GgbwU cÖgvY K‡i bv †h , Gfv‡e cÖv‡Yi weKvk m¤¢e| 3| Rxevk¥ ( dwm‡ji ) †iKW© weeZ©bev‡ì `vexi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ gZwUB cÖgvY K‡i| GB wefv‡M Avgiv GB wZbwU †gŠwjK w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| Rxe‡bi DrcwË: weeZ©bev`xiv `vex K‡i ‡h AvR †_‡K 3.8 wewjqb eQi Av‡M Avw`g c„w_ex‡Z GKwU gvÎ Rxe‡Kvl †_‡K me Rxeš— cÖvYxi m„wó n‡q‡Q| GB gZ Aek¨ DËi w`‡Z cv‡i bv †h , wKfv‡e GK‡Kvlx †mj †_‡K j¶-‡KvwU eû‡Kvwl cÖvYxi D™¢e m¤¢e ? Avi hwÌ ev mwZ¨ mwZ¨ Gfv‡e cªv‡Yi DrcwË n‡q‡Q , Z‡e †Kb Rxev‡k¥i †iK‡W© Gi †Kvb cÖgvY †bB ? cÖ_‡gB ejv hvq , GB Z_vKw_Z weeZ©bev‡ì cÖwµqvq cÖ_g †Kvl wKfv‡e Avm‡jv ? †h‡nZz weeZ©bev` m„wó‡K A¯xKvi K‡i Ges †Kvb AwZ-cÖvK…wZK welq‡K ¯xKvi K‡i bv ; Giv g‡b K‡i NUbvP‡µ cÖ_g †Kv‡li m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges Zv cÖK…wZi wbq‡gi g‡a¨ †_‡KB-- ‡KvbiKg bK&kv cwiKíbv ev eë ’v QvovB| GB gZev` Abymv‡i cÖvYnxb Ae ’v †_‡K NUbvP‡µ Rxeš— †Kv‡li D™¢e N‡U| GwU Aek¨ RxeweÁv‡bi †Kvb wbq‡gi mv‡_B m½wZc~Y© bq| Rxeb †_‡K Rxeb G‡m‡Q :

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WviDBb Zvi eB‡Z KL‡bvB Rxe‡bi DrcwË wVK wKfv‡e n‡jv , Zvi we —vwiZ D‡j −L K‡ib wb| Zvi mg‡q weÁvb m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK †h aviYv Zvi wfwË wQj GB †h , Rxeš— cÖvYxi KvVv‡gv LyeB mnR-mij| ga¨hy‡M ( cÂg †_‡K cÂ`k kZvãx ) Av‡iKwU ZË¡ ejv n‡jv -- spontaneous generation ( wb‡R †_‡K m„ó )| GB gZ Abygvb K‡i †h , wewfbœ Roc`v‡_©i bvbv DcKiY †_‡K Rxe‡Kv‡li m„wó n‡q‡Q ---GB gZ wecyjfv‡e M„nxZ nq| mvaviYfv‡e g‡b Kiv n‡jv †h , †cvKv-gvKo G‡m‡Q Lv‡`ï Dw”Qó †_‡K , Bu`yi G‡m‡Q Mg †_‡K BZ¨vw`| GB gZ cÖgvY Ki‡Z AvKl©Yxq me cix¶v- wbix¶v Kiv n‡jv | wKQy Mg ivLv n‡jv gqjv Kvc‡oi wfZ‡i| Avkv Kiv n‡jv , †Kvb Bu`yi †ewi‡q Avm‡e Zv †_‡K| GKBfv‡e gvs‡mi g‡a¨ †cvKvi Rb¥ nIqv‡K g‡b Kiv n‡jv wb‡R †_‡K R‡b¥i cÖgvY wnmv‡e| c‡i Rvbv †Mj , gvs‡mi g‡a¨ Avm‡j Kx‡Ui Rb¥ nq wb| gvwQ Gme‡K jvf©vi AvKv‡i enb K‡i wb‡‡q Av‡m , hv Lvwj †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq bv| Ggb Kx , †h mg‡q WviDBb The Origin of Species eB wj‡LwQ‡jb , †m mgq we‡k¦i weÁvbx gn‡j e¨vcKfv‡e GUv wek¦vm Kiv n‡Zv †h , cÖvYnxb e¯Ë †_‡K e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rb¥ nIqv m¤¢e| WviDB‡bi eB †ei nIqvi cuvP eQi ci jyB cv¯Ë‡ii Avwe®‹vi GB wek¦vm‡K wg_¨v cÖgvY Ki‡jv hv weeZ©bev‡ì g~j wfZ wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ wQj| `xN© mg‡qi cix¶v-wbix¶v M‡elYvi ci cv¯Ëi wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡Qb †h , cÖvYnxb Ro c`v_© †_‡K cÖv‡Yi weKvk m¤¢e , GB `vexi Kei BwZnv‡m iwPZ n‡jv fvjÕi Rb¨B ( UxKv 25-Sidney Fox, Klaus Dose, Molecular Evolution and The Origin of Life, New York: Marcel Dekker, 1977. p. 2 ) weeZ©bev‡ì mg_©Kiv `xN©w`b a‡i cv¯Ë‡ii cÖgvYvwì we‡ivwaZv K‡i ; hwÌ weÁv‡bi AMÖMwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ Rxeš— cÖvYxi RwUj †Kvl KvVv‡gvi e¨vL¨v NUbvP‡µi cªv‡Yi m„wói gZev`‡K Av‡iv †ekx †KvYVvmv K‡i †d‡j| wesk kZvãxi AgxgvswmZ D‡`¨vM : wewkó i“k RxeweÁvbx Av‡jKRvÛvi Acvwib cÖ_g weeZ©bev`x whwb wesk kZvãx‡Z Rxe‡bi DrcwË gZev` wb‡q KvR K‡ib| 1930 mv‡j wewfbœ cix¶vi gva¨‡g wZwb cÖgvY Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib,NUbvP‡µ Rxeš— cÖvYxi Rxe‡Kvl m„wó

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m¤¢e| GB cix¶v¸wj Aek¨ e¨_© nq Ges Acvwib ¯xKvi K‡ib †h , Ò `~f©vM¨µ‡g Rxe‡Kv‡li DrcwË Ggb GK cÖkœ n‡q i‡q ‡Mj hv cÖK…Zc‡¶ cy‡iv weeZ©bev‡ì me‡P‡q AÜKvi Aa¨vq Ó ( UxKv 26-Alexander I. Oparin, Origin of Life, (1936) New York, Dover Publications, 1953 (Reprint), p.196 ) Acvwi‡bi mg_©K weeZ©bev`xiv c‡iI cÖv‡Yi DrcwË cÖ‡kœi mgvav‡b A‡bK cix¶v Pvwj‡q hvb| G m‡ei g‡a¨ †miv we‡ePbv Kiv nq 1953 mv‡j Kiv gvwK©b imvqbwe` ÷¨vbjx wgjv‡ii cix¶v‡K| wZwb `vex K‡ib , wewfbœ M¨v‡mi mgš^‡q cix¶vMv‡i c„w_exi Avw`g evq~gÛj ˆZix Kiv nq | †cÖvwU‡bi AvKv‡i †ek wKQy ˆRe AYyi Aw —Z¡ H wgkª‡Yi g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq | Aí K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B cÖKvk †cj †h , H cix¶v hv‡K weeZ©bev‡ì †¶‡Î AZ¨š— M~i“Z¡c~Y© c`‡¶c wnmv‡e g‡b Kiv nw”Q‡jv -- Zv Avm‡j A‰ea| mwZ¨Kv‡ii c„w_exi AvenvIqv †_‡K cix¶vMv‡ii K…wÎg cwi‡ek fxlYfv‡e Avjv`v wQj | ( UxKv 27-"New Evidence on Evolution of Early Atmosphere and Life", Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol 63, November 1982, p. 1328-1330 ) `xN© bxieZvi ci wgjvi ^xKvi K‡ib , AvenvIqvi gva¨g wnmv‡e wZwb hv eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb , Zv ev —em¤§Z wQj bv | ( UxKv 28-Stanley Miller, Molecular Evolution of Life: Current Status of the Prebiotic Synthesis of Small Molecules, 1986, p. 7 ) cy‡iv wesk kZvãx Ry‡o me weeZ©bev`xiv cÖv‡Yi DrcwË e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z A‡bK †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ meB e¨_© nq| mvb wWqv‡Mv w¯Œcm Bbw÷wUD‡Ui f~-imvqbwe` †Rdix ev`v GB e¨_©Zv ^xKvi K‡i 1998 mv‡j Earth g¨vMvwR‡b GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b wj‡Lb : Ò c„w_ex‡Z cÖv‡Yi weKvk wKfv‡e NU‡jv ? AvR Avgiv hLb wesk kZvãx cvi K‡i w`w”Q ---ZL‡bv Avgv‡ì mvg‡b GB me‡P‡q eo AgxgvswmZ mgm¨vwU ‡ZgbB i‡q wM‡q‡Q , wVK †hgbwU wQj Avgiv hLb GB kZvãx‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡iwQjvg ( UxKv 29 -Jeffrey Bada, Earth, February 1998, p. 40 )

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cÖv‡Yi RwUj KvVv‡gv: cÖv‡Yi weKvk wb‡q weeZ©bev`x‡ì †KvY-Vvmv Ae ’vi cÖv_wgK KviY n‡jv , AvcvZ:`„wó‡Z GK`gB mvaviY †h cÖvYx , ZviI _v‡K Awek¦vm¨ RwUj KvVv‡gv | Rxeš— cÖvYxi Rxe‡Kvl gvby‡li ˆZix †h †Kvb KvwiMix c‡Yï †_‡K A‡bK †ekx RwUj| AvR we‡k¦i me‡P‡q DbœZ cix¶vMvi ¸wj‡ZI A‰Re Dcv`vb w`‡q Rxeš— Rxe‡Kvl m„wó Kiv m¤¢e bq| Rxe‡Kvl MV‡bi cÖwµqv GZ RwUj I e¨vcK †h , NUbvPµ e‡j Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv hv‡e bv| cÖvwUb _vKvi m¤¢ve¨Zv , †Kvl wbg©v‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq QuvP hv‡K †Kv‡li AÆvwjKv evbv‡bvi e−K ejv nq --GZ wKQyi mgšq NUbvP‡µ Am¤¢e| ‡Kvb †cÖvwUb ˆZix n‡Z M†o ìKvi 500 Gwg‡bv Gwm‡Wi ---AvcbvAvcwb GgbwU NUvi m¤¢vebv G‡Ki ci 950 evi k~b¨ wjL‡j ‡h msL¨v cv‡ev Zvi g‡a¨ gvÎ GKevi| As‡Ki wnmv‡e KvM‡R - Kj‡g G‡Ki ci 50 evi k~b¨ wjL‡j hv cv‡ev †m msL¨v †_‡K NUvi m¤¢vebv Kg _vK‡j ev —‡e Zv KL‡bvB NU‡e bv --G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e | †Kv‡li wbDwK¬qv‡mi g‡a¨ ‡h wW Gb G AYy _v‡K Ges hv‡Z †R‡bwUK Z_¨ Av‡Q Zv GK Awek¦vm¨ Z_¨ fvÛvi| wnmve K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q , wW Gb GÕi wfZ‡i †h Z_¨ _v‡K Zv hw` †jLvi AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq , Z‡e GKwU wekvj AvK…wZi jvB‡eªix cÖwZôv Kiv hv‡e hv‡Z i‡q‡Q 900 L‡Ûi GbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqv Ges hvi cÖwZwU‡Z i‡q‡Q 500 cvZv| GKwU Lye gRvi Dfq msKU m„wó nq GB ch©v‡q| wW Gb G cwic~Y©Zv cvq †Kej ZLbB hLb wbw`©ó wKQy †cÖvwUb ( GbhvBg) Dcw ’Z _v‡K , Avevi wW Gb Gi g‡a¨ msiw¶Z Z_¨vwì mgš^q Qvov †mB GbhvBg MVY m¤¢e bq| †h‡nZz GB yBwU G‡K Dc‡ii Dci wbf©ikxj , ZvB GB yBwUi cwic~Y© weKv‡ki Rb¨ GKB mg‡q ywUiB Dcw ’wZ cÖ‡qvRb| GB cwiw ’wZ‡Z ^Z:ù~Z©fv‡e cÖv‡Yi weKvk n‡q‡Q GB gZev‡ì c‡¶ GK APj Ae ’vi m„wó nq| K¨vwj‡dvwb©qvi mvb wWqv‡Mv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wewkó Aa¨vcK †jmwj Ai‡Mj 1994 mv‡ji Scientific American g¨vMvwR‡b GUv ^xKvi K‡ib : GUv G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e †h †cÖvwUb I wbDwK¬K GwmWmg~n hv‡ì KvVv‡gv LyeB RwUj , Zviv GKB mg‡q GKB RvqMvq GKBmv‡_ AvcbvAvcwb Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q| GQvov , GUvI Kvh©Z: Am¤¢e †h GKwU Qvov Ab¨wUi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| ZvB cÖv_wgKfv‡e GKRb‡K GB wm×v‡š— Avm‡Z nq

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†h , cÖv‡Yi m„wó KL‡bvB ivmvqwbK DcKiY w`‡q nq wb| ( UxKv 30-Leslie E. Orgel, "The Origin of Life on Earth", Scientific American, Vol 271, October 1994, p. 78 ) †KvbB m‡›`n †bB †h ,cÖvK…wZKfv‡e hw` cÖv‡Yi weKvk Am¤¢e n‡q _v‡K , Z‡e GUvB †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e †h cÖv‡Yi Ò m„wó Ó n‡”Q AwZ-cÖvK…Z ev A‡jŠwKK e¨cvi| GB ev —eZv †mB weeZ©bev‡ì hv‡K ¯úófv‡e AKvh©Ki cÖgvY K‡i , hvi cÖavb j¶¨ n‡jv mªóvi m„wó‡K A ^xKvi Kiv| weeZb©ev‡ì KvíwbK we‡kl Kjv‡KŠkj : wØZxq M~i“Z¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq hv WviDB‡bi gZ‡K wg_¨v cÖgvY K‡i Zvn‡jv , †h yBwU ZË¡ ejv n‡qwQj weeZ©bev‡ì Kjv‡KŠkj wnmv‡e , Zv ev¯—‡e †Kvb weeZ©‡bi

kw³ iv‡L bv| WviDBb Zvi weeZ©bev`x‡ì Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbf©i K‡ib Ò cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi Ó †KŠk‡ji Dci| GB †KŠk‡ji Dci wZwb †h we‡kl M~i“Z¡ †`b Zvi cÖgvY eB‡qi bvgKi‡Y cvIqv hvq- The Origin of Species, By Means Of Natural Selection… cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi g~j K_v n‡jv cÖK…wZ‡Z Rxeš— cÖvYxi g‡a¨ hviv †ekx kw³kvjx I †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ †ekx Dc‡hvMx , ZvivB cÖK…wZ‡Z Lvc LvB‡q Rxeb msMÖv‡g wUu‡K _v‡K| †hgb: nwi‡Yi `j memgqB wnsmª cï‡ì Avµg‡Yi ûgwKi gy‡L _v‡K| G‡ì g‡a¨ †h †ekx †Rv‡i †`Šov‡Z cvi‡e, †m euvP‡e| Zvi d‡j nwi‡Yi `‡j †kl ch©š— _vK‡e †Kej ª“ZZg I kw³kvjx nwiY| hwÌ cÖkœvZxZfv‡e GB †KŠkj nwiY‡K weeZ©bev‡ì gva¨‡g Ab¨ †Kvb cÖvYx †hgb †Nvov‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡e bv| ZvB , cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi †KŠk‡ji Avm‡j †Kvb cÖvYx‡K i“cvš—‡ii ¶gZv †bB| WviDBb wb‡RI GB mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ wQ‡jb Ges Zvi eB The Origin of Species G GUv ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb : Natural selection can do nothing until favourable variations chance to occur Ò cÖK…wZ‡Z AbyK‚j †Kvb cwieZ©b bv Avmv ch©š— †KejgvÎ cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb wb‡R wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡i bv-- ( UxKv 31: Charles Darwin, The Origin of

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Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 189 ) jvgv‡K©i cÖfve: ‡Zv wKfv‡e GB ÒcQ‡›ì cwieZ©b¸wj Ó N‡U ? WviDBb GB cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb Zvi mg‡qi weÁvb m¤ú‡K© Avw` aviYvmg~n †_‡K| †d«Â RxeweÁvbx jvgvK© whwb WviDB‡bi c~e©m~ix , Zvi g‡Z: †eu‡P _vKvi mgq cÖvYx †h me bZzb êwkó¨ AR©b K‡i , Zv eskai‡ì g‡aÏ mÂvwiZ nq| Gi d‡j bZzb GK cÖRvwZi m„wó nq| †hgb , jvgv‡K©i g‡Z , wRivd G‡m‡Q Gw›U‡jvc †_‡K| GB RvZxq nwiY †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ DuPz Mv‡Qi cvZv LvIqvi †Póv Ki‡Zv ; d‡j Zv‡ì Mjv esk ci¤úivq ax‡i ax‡i j¤^v n‡Z _v‡K| WviDBbI A‡bKUv GKB ai‡bi D`vniY †`b| The Origin of Species eB‡Z wZwb D`vniY †`b †h , wKQy fvjyK cvwb‡Z Lvevi mÜvb Ki‡Z †hZ| Gfv‡e ax‡i ax‡i cieZ©x mg‡q Zviv wZwg gv‡Q i“cvš—wiZ nq| ( UxKv 32- Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 184.) Rb¥MZ êwkó¨ wb‡q †g‡Ûj Gi Avwe®‹vi I wesk kZvãx‡Z †R‡bwUK weÁv‡bi mg_©b GB KvíwbK Kvwnbx‡K cy‡ivcywi evwZj K‡i †`q †h , cÖvYxi AwR©Z êwkó¨¸wj cieZx©‡ZI me eskai‡ì g‡a¨ mÂvwiZ n‡ZB _vK‡e| Gfv‡e , cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb c×wZ weeZ©bev‡ì †KŠkj wnmv‡e Avi RbwcÖq _vK‡jv bv| be¨-WviDBbev` I wgD‡Ukb ( i“cvš—i/cwieZ©b ): 1930 mv‡ji †k‡l WviDBb mgvavb †c‡Z ( Modern Synthetic Theory) ev Ò AvaywbK mgwšZ Z‡Ë¡iÓ K_v e‡jb ; hv be¨-WviDBbev` wnmv‡e en~j cÖPwjZ| Giv cÖvYxi i“cvš—i ev cwieZ©‡bi K_v e‡jb| wgD‡Ukb n‡jv cÖvYxi Rx‡bi wfbœ i“cvš—i | evwn¨K wewfbœ KviY †hgb Zvc weKxiY , cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kvb cwieZ©b BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y cÖvYxi Rx‡bi g‡a¨ cwieZ©b N‡U| Ò AbyK‚j cwieZ©‡bi KviY ÕÕ wnmv‡e GB wgD‡Ukb N‡U| eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z weeZ©bev‡ì g‡Wj n‡jv

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be¨-WviDBbev`| GB gZ `vex K‡i Avgiv GLb †h me cÖvYx †`wL , Zv i“cvš—wiZ cÖvYx A_©vr wgD‡Uk‡bi dj | Rxeš— cÖvYxi RwUj kvixwiK KvVv‡gv¸wj †hgb Kvb , †PvL , jvsm , Wvbv BZ¨vw`‡Z eû w`b a‡i Ô i“cvš—i Õ N‡U‡Q ; hv GK ai‡bi †R‡bwUK wek„•Ljv | eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ êÁvwbK Z_¨vw` GB gZ‡K m¤ú~Y© eR©b K‡i| wgD‡Ukb cÖvYx‡K DbœZZi ch©vq wb‡q hvq bv| eis wgD‡Ukb cÖvYxK‚‡ji Rb¨ ¶wZKi | Gi KviY LyeB mnR| wW Gb Gi KvVv‡gv LyeB RwUj ; GB KvVv‡gv‡Z G‡jv‡g‡jv A`j-e`j ¶wZiB KviY n‡e| gvwK©b RxbZË¡we` B.G. Ranganathan e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb , wgD‡Ukb n‡jv †QvU , AvKw¯§K Ges ¶wZKi| GUv Lye KgB N‡U _v‡K Ges GUviB m¤¢vebv †ekx †h , Gi †Zgb ’vqx cÖwZwµqv n‡e bv| wgD‡Uk‡bi PviwU êwkó¨B GB w`K-wb‡ ©kB †`q †h , wgD‡Uk‡bi gva¨‡g weeZ©‡b †Kvb Dbœqb NU‡Z cv‡i bv| we‡klfv‡e MwVZ D”P ¶gZvi ˆRe-KvVv‡gv‡Z Dëvcvëv A`j-e`j n‡j Zv nq cÖwZwµqvnxb n‡e A_ev n‡e ¶wZKi| Nwoi KvVv‡gv‡Z Gjv‡g‡jv e`j NUv‡j Zv‡Z Nwoi †Kvb DbœwZ n‡e bv| m¤¢vebv †ekx †h GUv ¶wZ Ki‡e A_ev eo‡Rvi †Kvb cÖfve †dj‡e bv| f~wgK¤ú n‡j GKUv kn‡ii †Kvb DbœwZ nq bv , eis Zv aŸsm †W‡K Av‡b| ( UxKv 33-B. G. Ranganathan, Origins ?, Pennsylvania: The Banner Of Truth Trust, 1988. AevK nIqvi wKQy †bB †h , Ggb †Kvb cÖgvY GL‡bv ch©š— cvIqv hvq wb †h wgD‡Uk‡bi d‡j †Kvb cÖvYxi †R‡bwUK †Kv‡Wi DbœwZ N‡U‡Q | me wgD‡UkbB ¶wZKi cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| GUv eyS‡Z cviv wM‡q‡Q , hv‡K Ô weeZ©bev‡ì Kjv-‡KŠkj Õ wnmv‡e Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q , Zv Avm‡j †R‡bwUK †Kv‡W mvwaZ nq Ges cÖvYxi ¶wZ K‡i I Zv‡K c½y K‡i †d‡j ( gvby‡li Dci wgD‡Uk‡bi mvaviY cÖfve n‡jv K¨vÝvi )| wb:m‡›`‡n , †Kvb ¶wZKi c×wZ‡K ÔÔ weeZ©‡bi †KŠkj ÕÕ ejv hv‡e bv| Ab¨w`‡K cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb †h ÔÔ wb‡R †_‡K wKQyB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ÕÕ---GUv WviDBb wb‡RI ^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Gme Z_¨ Avgv‡ì‡K GUvB †`Lvq †h , cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kvb weeZ©bev‡ì c×wZ †bB | †h‡nZz †Kvb weeZ©bev`x †KŠk‡ji Aw¯—Z¡ †bB , ZvB µgweKv‡ki †Kvb KvíwbK cÖwµqvI Avm‡j N‡U wb|

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dwmj / Rxev‡k¥i BwZnvm: gaëZx© AvK…wZi †Kvb wPý †bB : Rxev‡k¥i BwZnvm me‡P‡q my úó ev —eZv †h , weeZ©bev` Avm‡j msNwUZ nq wb| weeZ©bev‡ì gZ Abyhvqx , me Rxeš— cÖvYxB Zvi c~e©-cyi“l †_‡K G‡m‡Q| AZx‡Zi cÖRvwZiv mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ wfbœ cÖRvwZ‡Z i“cvš—wiZ nq| me cÖRvwZB Gfv‡e G‡m‡Q| GB gZ Abyhvqx , j¶ j¶ eQi a‡i GB i“cvš—i cÖwµqv msNwUZ n‡q‡Q| hw` ZvB n‡Zv , Zvn‡j AmsL¨ gaëZx© cÖRvwZi Aw —Z¡ Aek¨B _vK‡Zv Ges GB `xN© i“cvš—‡ii mg‡q Aek¨B AmsL¨ cÖRvwZ †eu‡P _vK‡Zv| ‡hgb , A‡a©K gvQ / A‡a©K mixm„‡ci AZx‡Z †eu‡P _vKvi K_v , hviv gv‡Qi êwk‡óï cvkvcvwk mixm„‡ci êwkóÏ AR©b K‡iwQj ; A_ev mixm„c-cvLxi Aw —Z¡ _vK‡Zv hviv mixm„‡ci cvkvcvwk cvwLi êwkóÏ AR©b K‡iwQj| GB cwiewZ©Z Ae ’v Pjvi mgq Zv‡ì Î“wUc~Y© I c½y cÖvYx‡Z cwiYZ nIqvi K_v| weeZ©bev`xiv Gme KvíwbK cÖvYxi Aw¯—Z¡ AZx‡Z wQj e‡j wek¦vm K‡i I G‡ì‡K bvg w`‡q‡Q ÔÔ cwieZ©bKvjxb cÖwZg~wZ© Õ ("transitional forms." Gme cÖvYx hw` mwZ¨B _vK‡Zv , Zvn‡j Aek¨B j¶ , j¶ Ggb Kx †KvwU , †KvwU msL¨vi bvbv êwP‡Îi cÖvYx _vK‡Zv | me‡P‡q eo K_v , dwm‡ji BwZnv‡mi Gme AvRe cÖvYxi aŸsmve‡kl Aek¨B _vK‡Zv| WviDBb The Origin of Species e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb : hw` Avgvi ZË¡ mwVK nq, Z‡e AmsL¨ gaëZ©x cÖRvwZ hviv †h cÖRvwZ †_‡K G‡m‡Q Zv‡ì Aw —Z¡ Aek¨B wQj------cwiYv‡g Zv‡ì c~e©eZx© Aw —‡Z¡i mÜvb cvIqv hv‡e †KejgvÎ dwm‡ji g‡a¨| ( UxKv 34 -. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 179 ) WviDB‡bi Avkv P~Y©: dwm‡ji mÜv‡b hwÌ 19 kZvãxi ga¨fv‡M cy‡iv c„w_ex Ry‡o weeZ©bev`xiv Kómva¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q hvq , gaëZ©x cÖRvwZi †Kvb Aw —Z¡ Zviv Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| me dwmj weeZ©bev`x‡ì cÖZ¨vkvi wecixZ cÖgvY †ck K‡i †h c„w_ex‡Z cÖv‡Yi Aw —Z¡ nVvr K‡i n‡q‡Q Ges Zv n‡q‡Q c~Y© AvK…wZ‡ZB| weL¨vZ

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weªwUk weÁvbx †W‡iK wf Ghvi GB gZ ^xKvi K‡i †bb --hw`I wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb weeZ©bev`x| Avgiv hw` Rxev‡k¥i BwZnvm cix¶v Kwi , Zv †m mg‡qi µg wnmv‡eB †nvK ev we‡kl cÖRvwZ‡K wb‡qB †nvK& , Zv ev‡iev‡i GUvB wb‡`©k K‡i †h , me Rxeš— cÖvYx av‡c av‡c weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g bq eis nVvr K‡iB G‡m‡Q| ( UxKv 35: . Derek A. Ager, "The Nature of the Fossil Record", Proceedings of the British Geological Association, vol 87, 1976, p. 133) A_©vr Rxev‡k¥i BwZnv‡m me Rxeš— cÖvYxi AvKw¯§K Avwef©ve n‡jv c~Y© Aeq‡e ----ga¨eZx© †Kvb AvK…wZ QvovB| G n‡jv , WviDB‡bi Abygv‡bi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| GQvovI , GUv LyeB kw³kvjx cÖgvY †h ,Rxeš— cÖvYx‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| ‡Kvb c~e©-cyi“l †_‡K weeZ©b QvovB Rxeš— cÖvYxi c~Y© Aeq‡e AcÖZ¨vwkZ m„wói GKUvB e¨vL¨v n‡jv , Gme cÖRvwZ‡K Gfv‡eB m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| weL¨vZ weeZ©bev`x RxeweÁvbx WMjvg dzZzwqgvI GB mZ¨‡K ^xKvi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| m„wó I weeZ©bev` --GB yB‡qi gv‡S i‡q‡Q cÖv‡Yi weKv‡ki m¤¢ve¨Zv wb‡q c„•Lvbycy•Li“‡c Av‡jvPbv| ˆRweK KvVv‡gv c„w_ex‡Z c~Y© Aeq‡e G‡m‡Q A_ev Av‡m wb| hw` bv G‡m _v‡K , Zvn‡j Aek¨B Av‡Mi †Kvb cÖRvwZi †_‡K we‡kl cÖwµqvq Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv weKwkZ n‡q‡Q | Avi hw` c~Y© AvK…wZ‡Z Zviv G‡m _v‡K , Z‡e Zviv Aek¨B m„ó n‡q‡Q †Kvb me©kw³gvb , me©Ávbxi Øviv| (UxKv 36-. Douglas J. Futuyma, Science on Trial, New York: Pantheon Books, 1983. p. 197) Rxevk¥ wb‡ ©k K‡i , c„w_ex‡Z cÖvYx G‡m‡Q c~Y© AvK…wZ‡Z Ges wbLyuZ Ae ’vq| A_©vr cÖRvwZi m„wó n‡q‡Q WviDB‡bi aviYvi wecix‡Z m„wói gva¨‡g , weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g bq| gvbe weeZ©‡bi Kvwnbx:

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weeZ©‡bi cÖPviKvixiv cÖvqB GKwU welq Av‡jvPbvq Av‡bb , Zvn‡jv gvby‡li DrcwË| WviDBbev`xiv `vex K‡i , eZ©gv‡bi gvbyl G‡m‡Q GK ai‡bi evbi RvZxq cÖvYx †_‡K| Zv‡ì g‡Z , 4-5 wgwjqb ermi Av‡M weeZ©bev‡ì cÖwµqvq GLbKvi gvbyl I Zvi c~e©-cyi“l‡ì gaëZx© ÔÔ i“cvš—wiZ cÖRvwZiÕÕ Aw —Z¡ wQj| GB KvíwbK wP‡Î PviwU cÖavb †kªYx i‡q‡Q| 1| A‡óª‡jvwcw_‡Kvm Australopithecus 2| †nv‡gv †n‡ewjm Homo habilis 3| †nv‡gv B‡i±vm Homo erectus 4| †nv‡gv †mwc‡qbm Homo sapiens gvby‡li cÖ_g Z_vKw_Z evbi-RvZxq c~e©cyi“l‡ì‡K weeZ©bev`xiv bvg w`‡q‡Q ÔA‡óª‡jvwcw_‡Kvm Õ hvi A_© `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi evbi ev eb-gvbyl| GB Rxeš— cÖvYxiv Avm‡j wKQyB bq eis cÖvPxb evb‡ii cÖRvwZ hviv c‡i aŸsm n‡q hvq| GB cÖRvwZi Dci e¨vcK M‡elYv K‡ib we‡k¦i yB weL¨vZ GbvUwg÷ ( kixiZË¡we` ) Bsj¨vÛ I Av‡gwiKvi jW© mwj hyKvi‡gb I Aa¨vcK Pvj©m A·‡dvW©| Giv †`Lvb †h , GB cÖRvwZ mvaviY evb‡ii cªRvwZi Ges c‡i aŸsm n‡q hvq| gvby‡li mv‡_ †Kvbfv‡eB G‡ì †Kvb wgj †bB| ( UxKv 37-. Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory Tower, New York: Toplinger Publications, 1970, pp. 75-94; Charles E. Oxnard, "The Place of Australopithecines in Human Evolution: Grounds for Doubt", Nature, Vol 258, p. 389 ) weeZ©bev`xiv †kªYxfvM Abyhvqx gvbe weeZ©‡bi cieZ©x avc n‡jv †nv‡gv -- hv n‡jv gvbyl| weeZ©bev`x‡ì `vex Abymv‡i ÔA‡óª‡jvwcw_‡Kvm†ì Zzjbvq †nv‡gv cÖRvwZi cªvYxiv †ekx DbœZ| cÖvYxi wewfbœ Rxevk¥ GK wbw`©ó avivq mvwR‡q weeZ©bev`xiv †Lqvj Lykx g‡Zv weeZ©‡bi GK KvíwbK bK&kv Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb| GB bK&kv KvíwbK †Kbbv ,

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GUv KL‡bvB cÖgvwYZ nq wb †h , GB wewfbœ ‡kªYxi g‡a¨ †Kvb µgweKv‡ki m¤úK© wQj| Av‡Y©ó †gqi , wesk kZvãx‡Z weeZ©bev‡ì Ab¨Zg cÖavb mg_©K GUv ¯xKvi K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb : †nv‡gv †mwc‡qbm ch©š— Avm‡Z Avm‡Z ms‡hvM m~Î Avm‡j nvwi‡q hvq| ( UxKv 38-J. Rennie, "Darwin's Current Bulldog: Ernst Mayr", Scientific American, December 1992 ) ms‡hvM m~Î‡K Australopithecus > Homo habilis > Homo erectus > Homo sapiens-- Gfv‡e wPwÎZ K‡i weeZ©bev`xiv ej‡Z Pvq , Gme cÖRvwZ G‡K A‡bï c~e©cyi“l ; hwÌ mv¤cÖwZK mg‡qi b„ZvwË¡K Rxev‡k¥i Avwe®‹vi cÖgvY K‡i †h A‡óª‡jvwcw_‡Kvm, nv‡gv †n‡ewjm I †nv‡gv B‡i±vm Avm‡j GKB mg‡q c„w_exi wewfbœ cÖv‡š— evm Ki‡Zv| ( UxKv 39-. Alan Walker, Science, vol. 207, 1980, p. 1103; A. J. Kelso, Physical Antropology, 1st ed., New York: J. B. Lipincott Co., 1970, p. 221; M. D. Leakey, Olduvai Gorge, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971, p. 272) GQvovI , hv‡ì‡K †nv‡gv B‡i±vm ejv n‡”Q , Zv‡ì GK Ask GB wKQyw`b Av‡M ch©š— †eu‡P wQj| †nv‡gv †mwc‡qÝ wbbWvi_v‡jbwmm I †nv‡gv †mwc‡qÝ †mwc‡qb ( AvaywbK gvbyl ) GKB mg‡q GKB AÂ‡j evm K‡i‡Q| ( UxKv 40- Time, November 1996 ) GB cwiw ’wZ G `vex‡K wg_¨v cÖgvY K‡i †h , Giv G‡K A‡bï c~e©cyi“l| nvf©vW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Rxevk¥ weÁvbx w÷‡db †R †Mvì weeZ©b Z‡Ë¡i GB †KvY-Vvmv Ae ’vi e¨vL¨v K‡ib -- hwÌ wZwb wb‡RI GKRb weeZ©bev`x| Ò Avgv‡ì DËi‡Yi Kx n‡e hw` wZbwU RvwZ (A. africanus, the robust australopithecines, and H. habilis), GKB mv‡_ evm K‡i Ges ¯úóZ:B G‡K A‡bï †_‡K Av‡m wb ? me‡P‡q eo K_v , GB c„w_ex‡Z evm Kivi mgq †KDB weeZ©‡bi †Kvb êwkó¨ cÖKvk K‡i wb| ( UxKv 41-. S. J. Gould, Natural History, vol. 85, 1976, p. 30) Ò A‡a©K evbi , A‡a©K gvbyl ÕÕ --Gme wewfbœ AvuKv Qwei mvnv‡h¨ gvbe weeZ©‡bi †h wPÎ MYgva¨g I cvV¨ eB‡Z Zz‡j aiv n‡qwQj , ¯úó fvlvq ej‡j Zv GK

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cÖZviYv| GUv Avi wKQyB bq eis GK DcK_v hvi †Kvb ‰eÁvwbK wfwË †bB| jW© mwj hyKvig¨vb , weª‡U‡bi Ab¨Zg weL¨vZ I kª‡×q weÁvbx ; GB wel‡q wZwb eû eQi M‡elYv K‡ib| we‡klZ: Australopithecus Rxev‡k¥i Dci 15 eQi cov‡kvbv K‡ib| wZwb wb‡R weeZ©bev`x n‡qI †kl ch©š— GUv ^xKvi K‡ib †h , evbi RvZxq cÖvYx †_‡K gvbyl ch©š— †Kvb esk-ZvwjKv Avm‡j †bB| hyKvig¨vb weÁv‡bi GKwU eY©vjx †kªYxweb¨vm K‡ib| †h me welq‡K wZwb weÁvbwfwËK I A‰eÁvwbK g‡b K‡ib , Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv wZwb K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z , weÁv‡bi my „p Z_¨vwì Dci wfwË K‡i me‡P‡q weÁvbwfwËK †¶‡Î n‡jv imvqb I c`v_©we`¨v| Gici Av‡m RxeweÁvb , Zvici mvgvwRK weÁvb | ZvwjKvi †k‡li w`‡K i‡q‡Q me‡P‡q eo A‰eÁvwbK welq¸wj| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q AZxw›`ªq Abyf~wZ¸wj †hgb †Uwjc¨v_x Ges lô Bw›`ªq| me‡P‡q A‰eÁvwb‡Ki ZvwjKvi me †k‡l G‡m‡Q gvbe weeZ©b| hyKvig¨vb Gi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡jb , Ò ZvwjKvfyw³ Kivi mgq e¯Ëwbô m‡Zï †¶Î †_‡K Ab~wgZ RxeweÁvb‡K Avjv`v K‡iwQ ; †hgb: AZxw›`ªq ¶gZv ev gvby‡li Rxev‡k¥i BwZnv‡mi e¨vL¨v| hviv mr weeZ©bev`x Zviv me m¤¢vebv‡K mZ¨ e‡j hvPvB Ki‡e ; wKšË hviv weeZ©bev‡` AwZ Drmvnx Zviv KL‡bv KL‡bv we‡ivac~Y© welq‡KI GKB mv‡_ wek¦vm K‡i ( UxKv 42- Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory Tower, New York: Toplinger Publications, 1970, p. 19) gvbe weeZ©‡bi Kvwnbx Avi wKQyB bq eis Rxev‡k¥i e¨cv‡i wKQy gvby‡li c~e©-aviYv cÖm~Z e¨vL¨v hv Zviv AÜwek¦v‡m AvuK‡o Av‡Q| ‡PvL I Kv‡bi cÖhyw³: weeZ©b Z‡Ë¡ Av‡iKwU welq AgxgvswmZ ,Zvn‡jv †PvL I Kv‡bi `vi“Y Dcjwäi ¶gZv| ‡PvL wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M ms‡¶‡c GB cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv hvK&----Avgiv wKfv‡e †`wL ? †Kvb e¯Ë †_‡K Av‡jvi iwk¥ D‡ëv cÖwZwe¤^ †Pv‡Li †iwUbv‡Z G‡m c‡o| GB iwk¥ †m‡ji gva¨‡g ê`y¨wZK ms‡KZ cvVvq Ges †eª‡bi wcQ‡b †QvÆ GK we› y hv‡K „wói †K› ªwe› y ejv nq , †mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q| GB ê y wZK ms‡KZ †eª‡bi †K› ªwe› y‡Z †ek wKQy cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †mvRv cÖwZwe¤^ wnmv‡e Dc ’vwcZ nq| Ggb KvwiMix Kjv-‡KŠkj‡K cUfywg‡Z †i‡L Pjyb Avgiv wKQy wPš—v Kwi|

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Av‡jv †_‡K Avgv‡ì †eªb m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v A_©vr †eª‡bi wfZ‡i m¤ú~Y© A›aKvi | †eª‡bi †hLv‡b Ae ’vb †mLv‡b Av‡jv †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i bv | hv‡K ejv nq Ô „wói †K› ªwe› y Õ †mB RvqMvwU cy‡ivcywi GKwU AÜKvigq ’vb †hLv‡b KL‡bvB †Kvb Av‡jv †h‡Z cv‡iwb| Avcbvi †Pbv-Rvbvi RM‡Z m¤¢eZ GUvB me‡P‡q AÜKvigq RvqMv| hwÌ Avcwb GB m¤ú~Y© AÜKvi RMZ †_‡KB Av‡jvKgq c„w_ex‡K †`L‡Z cvb| †Pv‡Li wfZ‡i †h Qwe ˆZix nq , Zv G‡Zv Zx¶è I Aåvš— †h , Ggb Kx GB wesk kZvãxi cÖhyw³I Zv AR©‡b e¨_©| †hgb , †h eBwU Avcwb co‡Qb Zvi w`‡K ZvKvb , Avcbvi nv‡Zi w`‡K ZvKvb ; Zvici gv_v Zz‡j Pvicv‡k †`Lyb | KL‡bv wK Ggb ,Zx¶è , ¯úó , wbf~~©j cÖwZwe¤^ †Kv_vI †`‡L‡Qb ? we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo wUwf wbg©vZvI Zvi me‡P‡q AvaywbK wUwf c ©vq GiKg Zx¶è cÖwZwe¤^ Avcbv‡K †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e bv| †PvL w`‡q hv †`wL , Zv n‡”Q wÎgvwÎK , iOxb Ges AZ¨vwaK Zx¶è cÖwZwe¤^| 100 eQ‡ii †ekx mgq a‡i nvRvi nvRvi cÖ‡KŠkjx GB Zx¶èZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Póv Ki‡Qb| KviLvbv , wekvj feb ˆZix n‡q‡Q ; cÖPzi M‡elYv n‡q‡Q , bK&kv I cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q GB D‡Ï‡k¨| Avev‡iv wUwf c ©vi w`‡K ZvKvb Avi Avcbvi nv‡Z aiv eB‡qi w`‡K ZvKvb| Avcwb †`L‡eb GB yB‡qi Zx¶èZv I êwk‡óï g‡a¨ weivU cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q | GQvov , wUwf Avcbv‡K †`Lv‡”Q wØ-gvwÎK wPÎ †hLv‡b Avcwb †Pv‡Li mvnv‡h¨ wÎ-gvwÎK cÖwZ”Qwe Mfxifv‡e Ab~fe Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| eû eQi a‡i nvRv‡iv cÖ‡KŠkjx †Póv Ki‡Q wÎ-gvwÎK wUwf evbv‡Z I †Pv‡Li „wói mggv‡b Avm‡Z | nu v , Zviv wÎ-gvwÎK wUwfi GK c×wZ Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q wKš‘

we‡kl Pkgv bv ci‡j ‡m wUwf †`Lv hvq bv| GQvovI , GUv †KejgvÎ GKwU K…wÎg wÎ-gvwÎK eë ’v| Gi cUfywg _v‡K Svcmv , mvg‡bi w`K g‡b nq Szjv‡bv KvM‡Ri KvVv‡gv| †Pv‡Li gva¨‡g †h Zx¶è I we‡klgv‡bi Qwe Avgiv †`wL , †mB gv‡bi cÖwZwe¤^ ˆZix Kiv Av‡Rv m¤¢e nq wb| K¨v‡giv I wUwf--GB yB gva¨‡gB cÖwZwe‡¤î gv‡bi ¶wZ nq| weeZ©bev`xiv `vex K‡i , †h KvwiMixi gva¨‡g Avgiv we‡kl gv‡bi Zx¶è cÖwZ”Qwe †`wL , Zv NUbvP‡µ N‡U‡Q| GLb hw` †KD Avcbv‡K e‡j , Avcbvi Kvgivi wUwf †mUwU nVvr K‡iB ˆZix n‡q wM‡q‡Q , Zvn‡j Avcwb Kx fve‡eb ? A‡bK cigvYy nVvr K‡i GKmv‡_ n‡q Ggb GK „wó †KŠkj Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jv hvi gva¨‡g AZ¨š— DbœZ gv‡bi cÖwZ”Qwe ˆZix nq | cigvYy †Kgb K‡i GUv K‡i †dj‡jv hv nvRv‡iv gvbyl Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv ? hw` †Pv‡Li Zzjbvq AbybœZ cÖwZ”Qwe †`Lv‡”Q

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Ggb GKwU hš¿ AvcbvAvcwb m„ó bv nq , Zvn‡j Zv GUvB cÖgvY K‡i †h , †PvL I †Pv‡Li mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv cÖwZ”Qwe NUbvP‡µ ‰Zix nIqv m¤¢e bq| GB GKB Ae¯’v Kv‡bi RbÏ cÖ‡hvR¨| Kv‡bi evB‡ii Ask kã †cuŠ‡Q †`q Kv‡bi ga¨fv‡M| Kv‡bi GB Ask k‡ãi cÖwZaŸwb ZxeªZi K‡i cwievwnZ K‡i| Kv‡bi wfZ‡ii Ask GB cÖwZaŸwb‡K ê`y wZK ms‡KZ wnmv‡e gw —‡¯‹ cvVvq| wVK „wói †K› ªwe› yi g‡ZvB †eªb ev gw¯Z‡¯‹i kªe‡Yi †K› ªwe› y‡Z G‡m kã †kvbvi

cÖwµqv m¤úbœ nq| †Pv‡Li cwiw ’wZ Kv‡bi RbÏ mZ¨| Zvn‡jv , †eªb Av‡jvi g‡Zv k‡ãi †_‡KI Avjv`v Ae ’v‡b _v‡K| gvby‡li †eªb kã‡K wfZ‡i XyK‡Z †`q bv| ZvB G‡Z wKQy hvq Av‡m bv †h evB‡i Kx cÖPÛ AvIqvR n‡”Q| †eª‡bi wfZ‡ii Ask _v‡K m¤ú~Y© wb: —ä | ZeyI ,Zx¶èZg kãwU‡K †eªb Dcjwä K‡i| kã †_‡K m¤ú~Y© c„_K Avcbvi GB †eª‡bi wfZ‡iB Avcwb ï‡bb evRbv`vi‡ì h‡š¿i aŸwb | GQvov , †Kvb fx‡oi g‡a¨Kvi me AvIqvRI Avcwb ï‡bb| hw` †Kvb h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ H mg‡q Avcbvi †eª‡bi wfZ‡i gvcv hvq , Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡e †eª‡bi wfZ‡ii RvqMv cy‡ivcywi kãnxb| eû `kK a‡i †Póv P‡j‡Q cÖK…Z k‡ãi Abyi“c cÖwZaŸwb ˆZix I cybivq Drcv`b| Gme †Póvi dj n‡jv kã †iKW© Kivi hš¿ , D”P ¶gZvm¤úbœ c×wZ Ges kã Ab~fe Kivi eë ’vw`| Gme cÖhyw³ _vKvi c‡iI Ges nvRv‡iv cÖ‡KŠkjx I we‡klÁ GB †¶‡Î KvR Kivi c‡iI Ggb †Kvb kã aviY Kiv hvq wb hv Kv‡bi kã Dcjwä ¶gZvi gZ Zxeª I ¯úó| msMxZ wk‡íi me‡P‡q eo †Kv¤úvbxi me©vwaK DbœZ gv‡bi nvB-dvB wm‡÷‡gi K_v wPš—v Ki“b| Gme h‡š¿ kã aviY Kiv n‡j Zvi A‡bKUvB nvwi‡q hvq ; A_ev Avcwb hLb nvB-dvB hš¿wU Pvjy K‡ib ,ZLb memgqB Mvb ïi“i Av‡M GKwU wnmwnm aŸwb ïb‡Z cvb| gvbe †`‡ni KvwiMix‡Z †h kã Avcwb ï‡bb , Zv mvsNvwZK Zxeª I ¯úó| gvby‡li Kvb KL‡bv GKwU k‡ãi mv‡_ wnmwnm AvIqvR ïb‡e bv hv †gwk‡b †kvbv hvq| kã †hgb _v‡K Kvb wVK †ZgbwU ï‡b ---Zx¶è I ¯úó| gvbe m„wói ïi“ †_‡KB GgbwU n‡q Avm‡Q| gvby‡li †PvL I Kvb my¶è Abyf~wZmn hZUv mv_©Kfv‡e Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ Z_¨ Dcjwä K‡i--- GL‡bv ch©š— gvby‡li ˆZix †Kvb AwWI-wfwWI †iKwW©s hš¿ †ZgbwU cv‡i wb| „wó I kªe‡Yi †¶‡Î GKwU eo mZ¨ jywK‡q Av‡Q| †`Lv I †kvbvi e¨cv‡i †eª‡bi GB †h †PZbv , Zv Kvi AvÁvaxb ?

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wZwb ‡K , whwb †eª‡bi wfZ‡i g‡bvni GK c„w_ex‡K †`Lv‡”Qb ? msMx‡Zi myi Avi cvwLi wKwPi-wgwPi †kvbv‡”Qb Avi †Mvjv‡ci MÜ †kuvKv‡”Qb ? gvby‡li †PvL , Kvb I bvK †_‡K †h DÏxcbv Av‡m , Zv ‡eª‡b †cuŠQvq ê y wZK - ivmvqwbK mœvqweK Zvobv wnmv‡e|wKfv‡e AweKj cÖwZi“c ‡eª‡b MwVZ nq ,†m m¤ú‡K© RxeweÁvb , kvixiwe`¨v I ˆRe-ivmvqwbK eB‡Z Avcwb we —vwiZ Z_¨ cv‡eb| hwÌ GB wel‡q me‡P‡q M~i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ Avcwb Gme eB‡Z cv‡eb bv| †K wZwb , whwb Gme ê` ywZK-ivmvqwbK mœvqweK Zvobv‡K cÖwZ”Qwe , kã , MÜ I Abyf~wZ wnmv‡e †eªb‡K Dcjwä Kiv‡”Qb ? ‡eªb Zvi wfZ‡i †PvL , Kvb , bvK _vKvi †Kvb ìKvi †eva Ki‡Q bv| Gme QvovB †m Zvi †PZbv w`‡q Gme Dcjwä Ki‡Q| GB †h Ávb ev ¶gZv -- Zvi `vex`vi †K ? wb:m‡›`‡n G ¶gZv †eªb hv w`‡q MwVZ †mB mœvqy , cyi“ —i ev wbDi‡Yi Aaxb bq | GB Kvi‡Y WviDBbev`x-e¯Ëev`xiv hviv wek¦vm K‡i Ro ‡_‡K cÖvY G‡m‡Q , Zviv Gme cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z cv‡i bv| GB †PZbvi Rb¨ Avj −vn AvZ¥v‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb| ‡`Lvi Rb¨ AvZ¥vi †Pv‡Li ìKvi †bB , †kvbvi Rb¨ Kv‡bi ìKvi †bB | GQvovI , wPš—vi Rb¨ Zvi †eª‡biI ìKvi †bB| hviv GZ¶Y GB wek` Av‡jvPbv Ges êÁvwbK Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© co‡jb , Zv‡ì DwPZ Avj−vn‡K wb‡q Mfxifv‡e wPš—v Kiv , Zuv‡K fq Kiv Ges Zuvi Kv‡QB Avkªq PvIqv| wZwbB Avj −vn whwb GK m¤ú~Y© AÜKvi , gvÎ K‡qK Nb †mw›UwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ cy‡iv gnvwek¦‡K †V‡m f‡i w`‡q‡Qb wÎ-gvwK , iOxb , Qvqvgq I D¾¡j AvK…wZ‡Z| e¯Ëev`x wek¦vm: G ch©š— Avgiv †h me Z_¨ Dc ’vcb Kijvg , Zv GUvB ‡`Lvq †h , weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡ wnmv‡e hv `vex Kiv n‡qwQj , Zv êÁvwbK Z_¨vwì wecixZ| cÖv‡Yi DrcwË m¤ú‡K© GB Z‡Ë¡i `vex weÁv‡bi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© bq| weeZ©bev`x‡ì †h Kjv-‡KŠk‡ji K_v Zviv e‡j , Zvi Avm‡j weeZ©b NUv‡bvi †Kvb kw³ †bB| Rxevk¥ GUvB †`Lvq †h , GB g‡Zi `vex Abymv‡i †h gaëZ©x cÖvYxi _vKvi K_v wQj , Zvi Aw —Z¡ Avm‡j KL‡bvB wQj bv | ZvB , A‰eÁvwbK wnmv‡e weeZ©bev‡ì ZË¡‡K Aek¨B GK cv‡k mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|AZx‡Z †hfv‡e weÁv‡bi welq †_‡K mwi‡q †djv n‡q‡Q A‡bK aviYv‡K ; †hgb: c„w_ex gnvwe‡k¦i †K› ªwe› y BZ¨vw`| hv‡nvK , weeZ©bev‡ì gZ GL‡bv weÁv‡bi GKwU Ri“ix welq wnmv‡e we‡eP¨| wKQy gvbyl GB g‡Zi mgv‡jvPbv‡K weÁv‡bi Dci AvµgY wnmv‡e Zz‡j a‡ib ...†Kb ? Gi KviY n‡jv , wKQy gn‡ji Kv‡Q GB weeZ©bev` gZ Acwinvh©| GB P‡µi m`mïv e¯Ëev`x Av`‡k©i cÖwZ AÜ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡i Ges weeZ©bev`‡K MÖnY K‡i ;

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†Kbbv , e¯Ëev‡ì c‡¶ GUvB GKgvÎ e¨vL¨v hv Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri aviv‡K mvg‡b GwM‡q wb‡q P‡j| gRvi e¨cvi n‡jv , Zviv wb‡RivI GUv bvbv mg‡q ^xKvi K‡i‡Q| mycwiwPZ †R‡bwUKwe` I weeZ©bev‡ì ¯có e³v nvf©vW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wiPvW© wm wjIqvbwUb ¯xKvi K‡ib , wZwb Av‡M GKRb e¯Ëev`x , c‡i weÁvbx| Ggb bq †h , GB Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ wek¦ m¤ú‡K© GKwU e¯Ëev`x e¨vL¨v MÖn‡Y weÁvb ev êÁvwbK †Kvb cÖwZôvb Avgv‡ì‡K eva¨ K‡i| eis e¯Ë ev †fvMev`xZvi cÖwZ AbyivMB Avgv‡ì‡K eva¨ K‡i D‡Ïk¨g~jK AbymÜvb Pvjv‡Z I wbw`©ó gZ m„wó Ki‡Z , hv e¯Ëevw`Zvi mg_©K| G‡Z wKQy hvq Av‡m bv †h , Avgv‡ì ¯Z:ù‚Z© Ávb ev mvaviY AbyfywZ Gi wei“‡× | GQvov , KZUv inm¨RbKfv‡e GB g‡Zi m„wó n‡jv| wiPvW© wjIU‡bi gš—e¨ n‡jv , e¯Ëevw`Zv n‡jv †¯”QvPvwiZv ---Gi g‡a¨ Hk¦wiK welq Avgiv Avb‡Z cvwi bv| ( UxKv 43. Richard Lewontin, "The Demon-Haunted World", The New York Review of Books, 9 January, 1997, p. 28 ) GUv n‡jv ¯úó wee„wZ †h weeZ©bev` n‡jv Ggb GK gZ , hv‡K euvwP‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q ïaygvÎ †fvMev`x gZev‡ì cÖwZ Abyiv‡Mi Kvi‡Y| GB gZ eY©bv K‡i †h , Ro c`v_© Qvov Avi †KvbwKQyiB Aw —Z¡ wQj bv| ZvB Giv `vex K‡i ---cÖvYnxb ,A‡PZb c`v_© †_‡K cÖv‡Yi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Giv †Rvi w`‡q e‡j †h j¶ , j¶ wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii Rxeš— cÖRvwZ †hgb: cvwL , gvQ , wRivd ,evN , KxU-cZ½ , MvQ , dzj , wZwg Ges gvby‡li DrcwË n‡q‡Q wKQy Ro c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ Avš—:wµqvi Kvi‡Y| †hgb , e„wó , we`y¨r BZ¨vw`| GB aviYv hyw³ I weÁvb --`y‡UviB we‡ivax| ZeyI weeZ©bev`xiv GB gZ‡K mg_©b K‡i hv‡”Qb ïaygvÎ †hb ÔÔ‡Kvb Hk¦wiK wKQy Gi g‡a¨ bv Avm‡Z cv‡i| Ó hviv †fv‡Mi †cÖ¶vc‡U Rxe‡bi DrcwË‡K †`L‡e bv ,ZvivB ¯úó mZ¨‡K †`L‡Z cvi‡e : me Rxeš— cÖvYxB n‡jv mªóvi m„wó whwb me©-kw³gvb ,me© Ávbx| wZwb me †`‡Lb , me ï‡bb , me Rv‡bb | GB mªóvB n‡jb Avj−vn whwb Aw —Z¡nxb Ae ’v †_‡K GB cy‡iv gnvwek¦‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb ; G‡K mvwR‡q‡Qb m‡e©vËg my›ì AvKv‡i Ges me Rxeš— cªvYx‡K whwb AvK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb –

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Ò Zviv ( wdwikZviv ) ej‡jv : Avcwb cweÎ ; Avcwb hv Avgv‡`i wkwL‡q‡Qb , ZvQvov Avgv‡`i †KvbB Ávb †bB; wbðqB Avcwb cÖK„Z Ávbx , weÁvbgq ÕÕ ( cweÎ KyiAvb ; myiv evKviv ; 2: 32 ) |