Коллектив Авторов - autocad 2012. Руководство По Адаптации -...

AutoCAD 2012

2011 .

2011 Autodesk, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Except as otherwise permitted by Autodesk, Inc., this publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproducedin any form, by any method, for any purpose. Certain materials included in this publication are reprinted with the permission of the copyright holder. TrademarksThe following are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., and/or its subsidiaries and/or affiliates in the USA and other countries: 3DEC(design/logo), 3December, 3December.com, 3ds Max, Algor, Alias, Alias (swirl design/logo), AliasStudio, Alias|Wavefront (design/logo), ATC, AUGI, AutoCAD,AutoCAD Learning Assistance, AutoCAD LT, AutoCAD Simulator, AutoCAD SQL Extension, AutoCAD SQL Interface, Autodesk, Autodesk Intent, AutodeskInventor, Autodesk MapGuide, Autodesk Streamline, AutoLISP, AutoSnap, AutoSketch, AutoTrack, Backburner, Backdraft, Beast, Built with ObjectARX(logo), Burn, Buzzsaw, CAiCE, Civil 3D, Cleaner, Cleaner Central, ClearScale, Colour Warper, Combustion, Communication Specification, Constructware,Content Explorer, Dancing Baby (image), DesignCenter, Design Doctor, Designer's Toolkit, DesignKids, DesignProf, DesignServer, DesignStudio, DesignWeb Format, Discreet, DWF, DWG, DWG (logo), DWG Extreme, DWG TrueConvert, DWG TrueView, DXF, Ecotect, Exposure, Extending the Design Team,Face Robot, FBX, Fempro, Fire, Flame, Flare, Flint, FMDesktop, Freewheel, GDX Driver, Green Building Studio, Heads-up Design, Heidi, HumanIK, IDEAServer, i-drop, Illuminate Labs AB (design/logo), ImageModeler, iMOUT, Incinerator, Inferno, Inventor, Inventor LT, Kynapse, Kynogon, LandXplorer,LiquidLight, LiquidLight (design/logo), Lustre, MatchMover, Maya, Mechanical Desktop, Moldflow, Moldflow Plastics Advisers, MPI, Moldflow PlasticsInsight, Moldflow Plastics Xpert, Moondust, MotionBuilder, Movimento, MPA, MPA (design/logo), MPX, MPX (design/logo), Mudbox, Multi-Master Editing,Navisworks, ObjectARX, ObjectDBX, Opticore, Pipeplus, PolarSnap, PortfolioWall, Powered with Autodesk Technology, Productstream, ProMaterials,RasterDWG, RealDWG, Real-time Roto, Recognize, Render Queue, Retimer, Reveal, Revit, RiverCAD, Robot, Showcase, Show Me, ShowMotion, SketchBook,Smoke, Softimage, Softimage|XSI (design/logo), Sparks, SteeringWheels, Stitcher, Stone, StormNET, StudioTools, ToolClip, Topobase, Toxik, TrustedDWG,U-Vis, ViewCube, Visual, Visual LISP, Volo, Vtour, WaterNetworks, Wire, Wiretap, WiretapCentral, XSI. All other brand names, product names or trademarks belong to their respective holders. DisclaimerTHIS PUBLICATION AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS MADE AVAILABLE BY AUTODESK, INC. "AS IS." AUTODESK, INC. DISCLAIMS ALLWARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THESE MATERIALS. Published by:Autodesk, Inc.111 McInnis ParkwaySan Rafael, CA 94903, USA

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . 11

. . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 PMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

. . . . . . . . . . . . 19 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

. . . . . 31

iii

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

"" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 " " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 " " . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

() . . . . 111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

iv |

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 CUIx . . . . . . . . . . 133 CUIx . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 CUIx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148, . . . . . 151 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 . . . . . . . . . . . 166 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 "" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

. . . . . . . . . . 169 AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 . . . . . . . 192 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

| v

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 . . . . . . . . . 264 . . . . . 277, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 . . . . . . . 306 . . . . . . . . . . . 308

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

. . . . . . . . . . . . 352 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

5 DIESEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

MODEMACRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

vi |

MODEMACRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 MODEMACRO AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

DIESEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 DIESEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

+ () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422- () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423* () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423/ () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423= () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424< () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424> () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424!= ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425= ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426angtos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426edtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427eq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429eval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429fix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429getenv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430getvar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431nth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432rtos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432strlen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433substr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433upper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434xor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

DIESEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451ActiveX Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

| vii

ActiveX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

AutoCAD VBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 AutoCAD VBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 AutoCAD VBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 VBA . . . . . . . . . . 458

AutoLISP Visual LISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 AutoLISP Visual LISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 AutoLISP . . . . . . . 463

AutoLISP . . . . . 463 ACAD.LSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 ACADDOC.LSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466MNL- AutoLISP- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

S::STARTUP: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

ObjectARX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 ObjectARX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 ObjectARX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 ObjectARX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 .NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

. . . . . 475 PackageContents.xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

ApplicationPackage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 CompanyDetails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

.bundle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 . . . . . . 492

8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 0, 1 2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

3 4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

viii |

5 6: . . . . . . . . . 503 7: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 8 9: X-Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 00A: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 00B: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 00C 00D: , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 00E: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Roman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 UNICODE . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 . . . . . . . . . . 562 . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570

Unicode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 SHX- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 . . . . . 577

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 . . . . . . . . 580 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 ? . . . . . . . . . . 598 AutoCAD? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

| ix

AutoCAD .

AutoCAD . , . CUIx- DIESEL .

, AutoCAD (API).

.

. , AutoCAD. , .

. . , " " "". . " " .

(DWT). ,

1

1

. , , .

. " ".

AutoCAD. AutoCAD ,, (PGP) acad.pgp.

. AutoCAD PGP acad.pgp. , .

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