É and sim as affirmative responses in brazilian … · É and sim as affirmative responses in...
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
APRIL 2014
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
ANA PAULLA BRAGA MATTOS & EEVA SIPPOLA
AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
THIS PRESENTATION 1. Introduction 2. Background
› Response systems › Brazilian Portuguese
3. Analysis › É › Sim
4. Results
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
AIMS › To provide an analysis of two types of responses to yes-no questions in Brazilian Portuguese (BP): sim and é.
› Contribute to the better understanding of the response system to yes-no questions in BP.
› More generally › Practical applications in language learning. › Contributions to studies in Portuguese Variation.
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
RESEARCH QUESTIONS › Using conversation analysis, we examine sequences of questions and answers involving é and sim to answer the following questions:
› What are the functions and distribution of these responses? › What kind of pragmatic meanings can be found encoded
in them? › How do these results match the previous classifications
made about the response system of BP?
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
BACKGROUND › Comparative studies (Sadock & Zwicky 1985:189) have identified three systems for short answers to yes-no questions in world’s languages:
› yes/no systems. › English: Yes[, I do]. No[, I don’t].
› agree/disagree systems › Japanese: positive particle when the answer agrees with the
question in polarity, a negative particle when the answer disagrees.
› echo systems › no special answer words, repetition of the verb
› Combinations/mixed systems are possible! (e.g. Sorjonen 2001)
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
RESPONSE SYSTEMS IN BP › Brazilian Portuguese is normally considered to have an echo system, where the verb is repeated (Urbano et al 1993, Kato & Tarallo 1992)
› Ex. 1.
› But it has several other possibilities of affirmative responses to yes-no questions (e.g. Armstrong 2008)
› sim, ser–responses (including é), isso, etc.
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6 = Ele cantou? He sang-3S =’Did he sing?’ 7 *L: Cantou:: a gente dançou e tudo. Sang-3S the people danced-3S and all ‘Yes::. We even danced’. ((nod with the head))
AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
RESPONSES IN CONVERSATION ANALYSIS › Main concepts for analysis:
› preferred positive responses to yes/no question (Heritage and Roth, 1995),
› minimal responses (Hakulinen, 2001), › type-conforming responses (Raymond, 2003).
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
DATA & METHODS › Data (Braga Mattos 2012-2014)
› Spontaneous conversations involving Brazilians (+1 non-native speaker) from different areas of Brazil.
› Number of persons: 9, length of interviews 3 hours. › All conversations were recorded and filmed (Sony-DSC-
W270).
› Methods › Data analysis and transcription in CLAN. › The program Praat was also used to analyse intonation. › The transcription conventions follow Jefferson’s (2004) with
a few changes.
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
METHODS
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
13 CLAN
AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH É
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH SIM
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH SIM
21
AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH SIM
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH SIM
23
AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH SIM
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH SIM
25 CLAN
AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
EXAMPLES WITH SIM
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
CONCLUDING REMARKS › Sim was not found as a positive response to yes/no question in our data.
› Sim is used to agree, confirm, and emphasize what was said in the previous turn.
› É is used as a positive type-conforming response to yes/no questions.
› Echo system (with no special answer word) does not seem to be the most appropriated response system to characterize Brazilian Portuguese.
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
REFERENCES › Armstrong, Meghan E. 2008. Pragmatic Restrictions on Affirmative Response Choice in Brazilian Portuguese. In Selected
Proceedings of the 10th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, ed. Joyce Bruhn de Garavito and Elena Valenzuela, 288-299. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
› Hakulinen, Auli. 2001. Minimal and non-minimal answers to yes-no questions. Pragmatics 11(1). 1-15. › Heritage, J. and Roth, A. 1995. Grammar and Institutions: Questions and Questioning in the Brasdcast News Media´, Research
on Language and Social Interaction 28:1-60. › Jefferson, G. 2004. Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In G.H. Lerner (ed.) Conversation Analysis: Studies from
the first gener-ation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 13–31. › Kato, Mary and Fernando Tarrallo. “Sim; respondendo afirmativamente em português”. In Mara Sofia Zanotto Paschoal &
Maria Antonieta Alba Celani (eds.), Lingüística aplicada: da aplicação à lingüística transdisciplinar. São Paulo:EDUC. › Raymond, Geoffrey. 2003. Grammar and social organization: yes/no interrogatives and the structure of responding.
American Sociological Review 68 (6). 939-967. › Sadock, J.M. and Zwicky, A.M. 1985. “Speech act distinctions in syntax”. In Shopen, T. (ed.) Language Typology and Syntactic
Description, Volume I, Clause structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 155-196. › Sorjonen, Marja-Leena. 2001. Responding in Conversation: A study of response particles in Finnish. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins Publishing Company. › Urbano, Hudinilson, Fávero, Leonor L., Andrade, Maria Lúcia and Aquino, Zilda G.O. 1993. “Perguntas e respostas na
conversação”. In Atalaiba Teixeira de Castilho (ed.), Gramática do português falado, Vol 2. Campinas, SP: Editora da UNICAMP, 75-98
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AARHUS UNIVERSITET INSTITUT FOR ÆSTETIK OG KOMMUNIKATION
É AND SIM AS AFFIRMATIVE RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
APRIL 2014
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