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i F O R E S T\

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F O G U S N U M B E R 1 4 R E V I S E D J U L Y 1 9 7 8(F i rs t p r in ted Apr i l 1975)

A Blue Wrcn

Dwelling u p Y Pepper)

Over 40 differcnt species of bitdspteliminaty sutveys in the jaffah

V

ln heavily cul forests. tegtowth ftom copptce or lignotubetshas produced high quality pole stands

Spider otchid (Les Harman)

L The janah faresL ptovtdes aLhis niaBupial ntause

f /sapogon dubtus

habitat lot tlJany aninals ttJcludtng(Les H a rman )

(Les Ha rn tan )

V Within an atea snlallet than nost sLtbutban gat.lens ovel40 differcnt plant species inoluding ntany beautiful wildf lowerc have been recolded (Les Ha rman )

(A lwyn

( L e s H a r n r a n )

st:'^a.0! .f o .!ott),t.Dsuo.)

aql puu soSuolluqJ'ISrl eql JoJ uorlr,z.ladc-oc ltro,(urc8 o1 slaes pul? Jll?Jllpo ol srurp anssr srqf

'JePJOsrp

3ql -lo aJnli?u aql puuls-lipun ol uOJI aq lqnop oullr,r no,{ 'pa^liap eq ot sluetleq or{l Jo ouros el'uEuot'r?rou psl? l?ut]p,l loJ llrlrqpq e'senlp^ JrleqtsappuB uorlualJal 'lalu,\\ LISaJJ luaul,{oldue 'teqLtlll

epr^oid slsr.roJ aseql slqasoq oql anlp^ no,{.ll'lJafqns srqt Lltr\\ \lJlos luap ll,)rll 1s.).r.d Jo anssr

srql lnrlt pJsr.rorllltu e^Bq I srrll Jo osnuoog .raiuep

1r:er3 ur sr lsalo; lno,( lsaroj qt:lruf aq1'sor.rcsilru pw suop.rt:3 Jrlsauop'sptl?rlJ.ro'suotl-u'lupld'slsarol ul sruelqoid snorias pcsnl?J spq pupplio,r eql lnoqinoJql pueldsJpr^\,rou sr ll sloo.laail uorur?uurJ uo 'zz6l ur 'l? l?f ur paJa,\oJsrplslq su,,!\ puu urSrro luldorl Jo st uuotuDuu!) .d

'plio,r aqlJo scsl?3srp lsa-roJ JtssulJeqt Jo orro aRroJJq ot 1rr1ua1od eq1 srq asnasrpeql ..loJ too-r,, .ro ',.Itpqorp rluli€f.. sp u,,!\ouI,{luoruuloJ esposrp u Sursntrc '.V.iA

Jo slseloJ alptsaql urrllr,r polrlqrJlsrp {1epr,n,{:e,t sr tutoutDuut.,nto q rydo t.r'11 4 snlLnl JrdoJSo-lJrur aql.pauuu,{;1dnuaaq spq ,,iallrI luuld etlt,, D.totl/ qdot.t'q d

-ard ur pur; Brln-llsnv ulalsal6 olanbrun e:u qcrq,r jo {ueur slrurrue

Jo ^teup^ p.loJ lr? quq p sapl^o.rdtsa-IoJ aqf ^oqlrelq a.Hnzrq eqlot plqlro :aprds elecrlap eql Luo.Userf,ads lunld lueJaJrp 0t ra^o purj ol

lnnsnun lou sr 1r suapinS ucqJnqnslsoru JO szrs eql uuql rJIll?rus Ea.ru ul?unllriA tuats,(soJe eq1 jo luauodnrocauo ,(lrro sl '.rolal\oq 'qtlluI

'Jurl ̂ll.rlru.r

Jo saitetrtolrl I plrnq o1 sredaals,(u,r[?] q8noue Jo saruoq upqinqnsail-l c^lr 6a .roJ poo,r epr^otd ol.roqrtlrt alqulur?qltoLrr qinoue sl aJeql

a.relJoq euo uo spalu lse_roJ urBJrAauos ur pup seilaur 9S Jo lqiraqu tnu11u .4nru sacll t1u-t-rt1 .srualsf,s-oJo lsaJoJ onbtrm lsoru s,p1.to,treql Jo auo sr lseJoJ qDJJuf aql tprlllsc8l-rrs ol aJueprlo rlJllru sr c.reqI

'pepioJcJ jJAe asucslp lut?ld lsJo^\ eqlsl? Irl?qerp qur.rr,z I asrtrSola.r o1 p1Jo,naql ]noq3rro.rql slsr:r-o1oq1ud 1uu1d.{uuur pa; spq tpql uoltJlrtlsep lploll\o(rlr: \rrll sl ll lsJ-roJ Jql Ut ̂\o.tn'qcrqm scrreds ;o ,{1r.rofuru aq1 lnqsearl qu:ruf ,{1uo 1ou 1111 uuc lJuq-arp qur.ruf sasnpJ qJrqA\ Ltrsrulir--tocql uouIruu!.) not11t1tht1,tt111

.1r ,{orlsep o1Iepuatod eql sErl qJrq,{\ sn3un3 au:oq-pos :rdorso:crru e,{q pal:e11etsuroq ̂ ou sr 'Jelo,roq 'lsaJoJ slqJ .lsaloj qe::e[ aq1 lnoqe luaoelduroc0q ol s.uprlellsnv ulelsa1A ,{ueur pasnec sduq:ad s?q jeqrurl ,{1ddns o1,{lrcede: Surpua-:e,tau 1ue:edde pue oruuleaddu luarlrsar .paifn: s11

VSHS'U 'S 'ICI ,IV

stsercl qDrrD!enblun 3,.u.fl1ol |]leql Dr

{roqelp qDrrlDf

(ueu.ijeH sal) .elet-olatep Aaqt atoJaq pa6e^les ate sae/lseate NJeqatp lsoa u/ 'tulot!euutc

dAg pa t\ puels tsato! Attenb q6tH

Jen oc luoJl

r t),) t tt),, | ).)i lt t,'q r, \t,)l lt )\urtt|nA it'rc

1q t))ltnt;r'totlttl, D t),)l Ltr' )0iii 6tir{) Nsst tv

..UtO iunuudluaoar.roD aqr Iq erlerrsnv urels.A\ ur p.ruud

prt ird r.n:rn-!J oNqd uy iq sirrtu ris.Uow.rl$rd iI or('Jouol,1l ,iq (s.(url rdal oo 0t) rx.l

qruprg iurljerc ru.uued.O r$rol {q sdetlu'\ui\.rrS u',uA i9 iuNsr)ord )rrlduiox{td

Piunxqo iq ^rr,uo'ssrtr!rd u.q.{ lrxr.tDU uonooord trr.j uLuoJ Joisr.iqt u, rdr.r. n,ru'.;p.laou)i." qrrr\ ilqrrit.rd

piruu'l.r iti!rt.q nju uorrr.rtqnd !ql arsil.orV

rlrri.l r.irrs NrrrcS ir 'rurtrrrsnV arir\.A\.to nr.uurdic sl\.xr_t srs.ro-l.to r)lr.ur$krJ -sn-irg

I 8 rtlt rcr tiq\rtqnd

(9161 IudV paluud lsrrd)8L6J (lnf pesr^ed .tI leqrunN

uo snrorsncoj ls:tuoJ

L Jaffah may persist on the forcstfloor in this firc rcsistant ligno-tubercus stage for 2O years beforeglowtng tnao a uee

lininary surueys nerr Dwellingul')ovcr 40 species of birds have bcenrecordcd (see Folcrl Frrcrr.r No.7).

The productivity and divcrsity ol 'the forest is all thc more remarkablebecausc it occurs in a very harshenvironrlent. The latc[ite soils onwhich jarrah grows are infertile anddense. cemented sheet cap rock oftenoccuLs a few centimetres below the

f Jaffah rcots penetrcting the densecap rcck of the late te soil profile

(Df Syd Shea )

soil surface. These harsh soil cordi-t ions i l[c nol conpensated by irl irvourablc clinrate. Deseft-l ike con-ditions prcvail from Decembetthrough 10 March. Fire is a naturalfactor ofthe cnvironncnt with whichtlre vegetation must contend. rndthe lr-equency and intensity at whichit occur-s would dcstloy many othert lpes o l lb lcs t . T l rc j l r l r l rh fo lcs t i .adapted to withstand scvcrc {ire andin lact sonle specjes, includingjarrah.lre stirrulated by fire.

To survive and attain highproductivity many of t lre compo-nents of thc folest have evolvedpeculiar adaptations. Ja[mh treeshave adaptcd to the hafsh. dryccnditious by evolving a remarkableroot system whicl 't penetr{tcs tl le caprock layer and extends oft.en morethar l5 metres to tap the water tabledeep ir the soil profi lc. Banksia trecscope with the inferti le soil bydeveloping a special foot to trapnutrients which are normally ttn-

ava i lab le to p lan ls .The forcst abounds with slnlc-

lures which have been developcd tocope with fire. For example. janah

trees conulence theil l i fe in theform of a shrub which sproutsfron a bulb-l ike fire-resistant stluc-ture called a l igDotuber.

f Ftequent firc is a natural factot ofthe iarrah forest envircnment

(Les Harman)

L A banksia root which is adaptedto exttact phosphate ftom infettilesoil. (Les H arman)

All these adaptations are evidencethal the jarrah forest is a specialiscdand linely balanced ecosystem. Un-fortunately. its unique cltaracter.which rcsults from its adaptation toth is h l rsh env i ro rn te r t l . has I r tude i lextremely vulncrable to a new ferctorof t lre environructlt Phlopltl lnto

The Disease

The hr ' . t c r i t l cn tc o l ' - j r r l l i rh d ic -back is the death of menbers of theunderstory and shrub layer. Bullbanksia (,Borrl-sra glrarrln) is one ofthe first trees to succumb. The leavesof banksia which have been kil ledby the fungus turn yellow. coDtrast-ing urarkedly with the dark green

(ueulreH sa'l) snDun! eqt Aq paAolsap arcsla^oq-pllM Aueur aupry?ut s?pads $arc! qe e! a!$ lo ituoleur y .ruroueuutc .a ^q palpl Aoetoelq pue u4ed e1ue7 |

( ueureH sal) alp o,sapads $1!! aqt arc A ensn pueetqttde?sns Allotq ate se$rueg f

ur uor1e1a8a,r aq1 'sn8un; aq1 o1elqrldacsns ,{1q8rq are 'ureld

lelsuoceq1 uo adfl uorlele8a,r rofzru a'sPu3lpoo,,rA srslueq lng luetsrsel:eadde sauolssrurl plspoc eql uoSurmo:8 uoqele8el eql pue 'slseloJ

oopue^l pu? uJp) 'elqrldeJsns

f1q3ry sr ureld lelseoc oq1 uo3uv'ro:3 qer:ef .{1rl€nb lalood 'ad,{l

uorlelaEal qe:ref aql o1 .rou saEueXEurl:eq aq1 uo Suuncao lseroJ q€u?[ol palrulseJ tou $ eseesrp oql

'ecuasa:d s1r salecrpur,(Jlensn 'palf,ege eJE s^oq{reJq losurl?d eru"z'sErslueqy r{Fzyncrpedra^€J ,{Jolsropun aql ur EUL(p qcted'Je^a,{roH 'lueserd sr sn8un3 aql leqlol?crpur ,(lu?ss$eu 1ou op ,&o1s-Jepun qnrqs eql ur ,{lrJeuoru eFurse Jo sul{orJ qe.l:ef:oo4 'tlnclgrp oq,{euI seare pel3aJur Jo uorlEJgnuaprsa8u1s leprur oql ur lnq 'paslu8oceJ

,4psea sr lceqarp qe.l:ef luau.rdola,rapeseasrp Jo so8?ls reu€l eqt ul

'ea:e luql ur serradsluelsrseJ ,{\eJ ? lnq IIs Jo uorlJnJlsapalqrs:ale r aql ur llnsar ,{llenlue^e'sells lsoru uo '[r1r\ eere $oJoJ qerrEfu ol sn8unJ aql Jo uorlJnpollur 'JeAo

-no11 'sarcads luelsrsoJ Jo pasoduroJra,{el qnrqs peJellpcs € qlt{\ lsaJo.ledfl-puplpooia B pauuoJ sprl lrr€ursual? peseesrp JLUos ur pue slPa,(fueru:o.; sper? paseasrp ur elrllnso1 ,(1r*dec reql pel?Jlsuourapa^?q qJIIInq puE llnq{r"lq lulEur'oldruexa rog aseesrp eql ol luelslseJa;e sarcads qnJqs pup eeJl auos

'earl aql.lo lred punor8 a^oqEeql ul luesard sr ueEoqwd eq1 l?qlel€rrpur lou seop pue uels,{s looJpo8?urBp P Jo uolterrpur uE /(leretusr soqrueJq;o qtzap q6noql1e 'sdrt

qru?Jq oql txo{ ..IrPq arp,, s00tlaq1 Suruurql u,trorc sr qe.uefur urol-dur,(s 1s:g aql 'po^resqo ueaq a^?qsruotdrufs /ftolsrapun :a1.;e s:ea,{ue^a ro sr{luo[II auros JoJ suroldur(sas€esrp Aroqs lou feur saa:1 qr,r:e1

'pacnpo.rlur ueaq seq snSungoql reUP spouad Auol :o3 lsrs:ad^e('u serreds alqrldeJsns'la^e,t\orl'seeJ? pasPesrP auros uJ es?esrpeqt ̂q pellll orP ,{oqlrelq pue urpd?r(uez s? qJns sercads ea:1 pue qn:qsJer{lo ,{u?n Suuds al?l ur oorSopJasseJ e ol pue uunlne ur i(pueururop-ard rnrJo sqleeq uollela8el $oroJ

I Mati is resistanl and sotne t lnes lotnts a patkland /otest t t l dieback ateas(Les Ha rn ran )

L Dteback ol jattah crowns testt l t tngItanJ funga/ at lack ()f l l te taol

l c l r i i l r r r s i b l c 1o t hc r ' l r k c ( l c vc l 1

cc f l i l i n s l i r gcs o l - t hc i r l i l c c1c l c .

O t l t c r s sL rch . r s I t L i r r t t , t r t t r t t t t i c . r l

on l r bc scc r t t t ndc r t hc m ic l oscopc

Son rc l un -s i a r c r c r l ' b rnc l i c i a l . r '

t hcY b |euk do*n t l c l r d p l i l n l n l i t l c r i i r l

anc l r n l hc p roccss i i l l o r i nL l t r i cn l s 1o

be l ec l , c l c r l . O t l r c l s l r l l i r c k l i r c p l an l s

itnt l clr trsc scrcrr ' cconottt ic loss,-. ,

l ' t i t t t t t t t t t r t t t t i rs r ccotrt isct l

t h rous l rou t l l l c \ \ o t l ( l i t s l t n ra . i o t

pl.rn1 ; lalhogcn l t is ir scl i trrs l- l |ob-l cn r i n t hc 1 ' r i ne l i r r cs l r o l sou th c i r s l

t J S A . . a r r . r cac lo o r ch i t l r l s i t r ( i t l i l i r r

n i i r . p i l c i r q rp l c p l un la l i ons i n I l l t r r i i r r -

of resistant lrce species has occuffed.(Les H a rman )

lr lcl rccenl lr has bct 'n l i lurd 1o cur.,-.

sc r c r c r l i r n l t gc l o son tc cL l c l l l \ p l t r s

l i r l c s l s i n c i t s t c t l A u s t l t l i l t O r c r-+00 p l i r n t spec ies i t t c a t t acLcd b }

t l r r - I r r r t r L t . t r r . l t r . l t t t l l l l t l l \ l l , ' l l i

c l r l l L t r a l s1 - l cc i cs sL t c l t as i t z i t l c l t s .

c l r n r c l i l r s . p l t t n r s l t n t l pc i t chcs

O I a l l t h c a r c a s i n l l t c u o r l r l u h e t c

th i s l i r ng r r s l r i r s c i r L r scc l r l an l i r gc . 1hc

, ( , r . t l r - \ \ ( . 1 | l \ \ . . l . r t r \ r r ' t r ' : r l i ' i .

t hc n r ( r \ 1 \ e r i ( ) t t s .

I ' t i t t t t r r t t t r t t t t i occ t t r s i n t hc so i l

l r l d r oo l s i l r r r r i o t r s l i r l n r s uh i ch

n l i r kc i r I i t s " l i l c

c r c l c ' l - hc \ cgc l i r

t i \ ! ^ l i ) n r o l l hc l L l r l gus i \ c l r l l c ( l

r r r r c t ' l i t r n r . r l r i ch cons i s l s o l r n i c l o -

scop i c t ub l r l i r r s t r uc l u res . Du f i rS

the l r se r r r i r l c r c l t ' o l - l hc l i l ng l l \ . \ \ h i ch

occu rs on l \ \ \ hcn t he so i l i s I n ( ) i \ t i l n ( l

* l r r n t . spo ran l i i r a re l i r n t t c r l 1 ro r t tt l r , t t . r . i l i t t t r . l r r ' i , l . t l r , . p , , r r t t , i . t

i r l ' u l l hc r s l ) o r c 1 \ | c cu l l c r . l u zoo -

spo l c i s l i r l n r c i l . nh i ch on l c l c i r sc

c i r r s r r i r n l h rough \ \ e1 s r r i l Thc

lu t l gus h i r s t hc c l r pac i l \ l o p ro ( l ucc

nl i lD\ sp()r i tngl i l l rol,)1 l t sn't i i l l

r n r ( , u l r t ! ' l D r r i . l i r t n r i l r r ! l \ \ i L l r i r l

e i Lch sp ( r l i l ng i l L t hc l c i t l c se rc l i t l

/ oospo tcs . Th i s p l ocess o l l oospo rep ro r l r r c l i on cuD occ r l r i n l c ss t han ] i i

hoL t r s i t n r l hcncc t hc l i r ng r t s has t hc

capac i l r 1o p l r t l uce I u i l l i ons o l '

\ po f c \ i 11 sho r - t pc l i oc l s l r on r l r sn l r i l

i t n roL ln l o l n r t cc l i u rn . T \ \ ( ) o l hc fsPorc 1\Pcs. ir chl lrrrr rkrsporc irnd lr

s y s t e n l (B fan S tevenson )

nritnr public r-cscr-r cs. parks. r:oll 'coLr lscs . i lu ru l i rnc is l rn t l g iL l r lens h . r .bccn c lcs l ro rcd or i s bc ing a l l l r cke t lh r l hc l ' ungus

The Fu ngusl i u n g i i r r c l o N c r I o u n s o l p l i u r l

l i l c - Sonrc . l i kc n t r rsh loonrs . i r re

f t " 5o , , , , ' / t sc . ' :pc l a tc . ts u r te t tP t tc td ! ;o t

(uerureH sal )suratsAs loc-t aql uo \Jelte

leDLtnl lo llnsaJ e se paAo tlsap< pLre$ epd qet)el LltMo)DaA

aql Jo luelxa eql elBurlsJ ol lnop0rJrEf, ueaq ,{llueJel a^Eq senbruqJolatuEs eql Sursn's,{a,\lns,{Jeurulrl-ajd s,{o,uns l€llap puB punoj8 pue'sqd€lSoloqd

IerJaE Sursn tsatoJ eletsur paddEu.r ueaq sEq asEasrp eqlJo uounqutsrp eqJ ',{ueqlv

Jo tseJrul 0t slpad,{u?I tunol^l ot qued Joquou tul 09 ur8ulD urorJ punoJ sr ll'lser\\-qlnos aqt lnoq8norqt patnq-utsrp ,{lepr^\ sr {JBqarp qBrJpf

peards puB uotluq ulstc

'nuoutDuutJ d ot elqelauln^

,tlauaJlxa tr apeu sEq lsaloJ qEJJpfaql Jo ratJereqJ enbtun aql teqlxopBrpd p Jo t?q^rauos sr tl sn8unJaI{t JoJ espq pooJ e8rEI € Surpr^ord,{qtsaroJ aql q8norql esBesrp Jo p€ejdsaql ol salnqlrluoJ lI tnq'elqndalsns,{lq8rq sarleds asaql salEru,(luo tousrql snAunJ aql ol elq rldacsns ,{lqBrqarE 'looj €rsIuEq pasrl€tJads eqlsE qJns'luaruuolr^ua lsejo.l gplJE[aql qlr,r edoJ ot pa^lo^e e^€q qJrq,\\sarnlf,n.lls lool pJsrJErJads or{t Jo,{ueu',{lat?unlro.lun'prd€J eJolUsr sarJads esaql ur qlpap puE stoorJAJEI aqt ep€^ur osle uEJ sn8unJeqt 'ersluBq sp qJns sanads lseJoJq?lrPf etuos ul qtEep ol se^Jels^l^\ols tr pue slueulnu dn ?url€jruo{ slupld aqt stue,{ald slooj esaql

JO uollcnJlsa(l pa{lellE eJe sloorJapJaJ eurJ aqt IIuo 'qeJlE[ ]o as€leql ur se'sluBId aruos u[ 'sruats,{s

loor Jraql 3urItrEllB ,{q slu€ld ole8Eulpp sosnEJ 'a8els ejodsooz oqlSurJnp ̂llBdrrurtd tulotuDuurJ 'd'lslotu ldaI sI IIos eql pepr^ojd'anssnlsoq Jo eJuosqE eql ur ue^a',{lalrurJap-ur Iros ur J,\rAlns ol snBunJ aql l[uJJdpup pallE^\ IJlqt flaarlelar o.rz serodsJseqI 'sn8unl eql ,{q paJnpojdare 'Jjodsoo u€ pellec alods Jenxas

(uL'urreH sel )lsarol paseastp pLte Aq eeq

uaa/1A)ag Atepunoq lcutJstp eql atoNsnOunl aql ^q pelo)Eap 6uaqate uteld lelseoa aqt uo pajecol

< stuteJ ut slolpoo^r' lleas Auew

L Fungal myceltum growing on asteile, high nutrient mediunl

(Les Ha f man )

disease in national parks, crown landreserves and private property. Thearea affected by jarrah dieback inDecember, 1977 , was:

State forest andtimber reserves 220000 ha

National parks 3 800 haOther crown land 56000 ha

site rnd vegetation type. Jalrahlbrcst grorvirg on the ferti le, red.loamy soils lblmcd in the young,disscctcd rivcr vall€ys on thc weslelncdge of thc Drrl ing Scarp appcars tobe prrticularly resistant to thedisease. Forest grorving on theli lteritc soils characteristic of therupland arcas of thc forest and thcsilty or sandy soils in the shallorvvalleys is susceptible bLrt to diffcrcntdegrees. In lowland areas suscepti-bil i ty is extren.rely high bLrt uphil lsp |cud o f lhe d i .e lsc lo lhe l i r l c f i l i cuplard sites is generally very slow.A large proportion of the diseasedlbrest area is restricled to the valleyboltonls. The llngus. however. canrapidly deslroy the vegetatiolr onupland sites i l inf 'ections arc intro-duced rt rhe top of the slope. If thisocclr's spores are rapidly distributeddownslope in dlainage lines.

Effects of Jarrah DiebackThe cflects of any planl disease

may be selioLls. but they arc usuallydirect and definable. such as thcdiscases alTccting cereal crops.Because it could dcstroy the totall i ' r c s l t ( , : r c t h e r $ l t l l r t \ r u l t i p l i c i l \o l ' va lues . the c l l cc ts o f ja r lah dre-back lre mole conplex and in thc

long term potentiall), lrore scriousthan any other knowu phnt clisease.

The Water Calchments. Catcllmcntslocrted within the jalrah fbrcst cur'-rently supply ovcf 8{) pcr ccnt of thelotal w tcr uscd iD WcsternAust [a l ia . l t i s ro acc ident th i r t themajor sclurce ol' l iesl 'r wate r to mcetc r r r rcn t i lnd j i r t r r | r der r l i tnL l : insouthern W A. is in lblcsLcd catchncnls. Clcaring ol'the lbrestcd arcasto thc east of thc statc lbrest hascaused streafi ls to turn sll iDe. Research b1 , the C.S I . l { .O. ind ica tcsthat unless thcse aleas ale rc-lbrcstcdit could take up to,l00 ycals bclbrcthe streams become frcsh.

('ulrent rcscarch indicirlcs thcr carc largc storcs ol' salt in thc soilin sonrc catclrrncnts. Fol crirnrplc.i t has been es l im l ted thu t thc le a rc150000C100 t ( ) r r )c i , ,1 - . r r l t s t . , r 'e t l i r tt l l c so i l and groundwaler i11 theW c l l i r r g l l r ( i l l ( h n r c r l . P l r r ; r l l o r i -cally. thc cxisting nativc vcgcti ltronis lesponsiblc ibr this lalgc accu-r.r 'rulation ol salt Over mill ious olyears small quanli l ics ol- sall coll-la incd in ra in lv i r l c r hu te bccr rcorccl)trrlcd by thc fools ol ' lhcn i l t i ve vcgc t {1 io r1 . Whi lc t i r i s rcgc-t : r t ion rc lD i l i l l ) i t . l ( l t l l c . i l i l i \pt'eventcd l lom moving into tlrct i rc r ' r rs lcn ts l rnd u l r te r i r t re5( I \ ( \ i r \rcmnins rclativelv l l 'esh. Dist urbanceof thc vcgctatiorr by eilher rnau ortl isease in fol est i l l eas wlrerc saltacculrullr l iol) has occurlcd rvil llesult in the releasc of salt into theweirs and reselvoils making thewi r l c l l l nu i i lh lc lu r e i ther Jor t rcs t i cor t tg r icu l tu ra l usc .

Thc cncct of jarlah dieback onw l t e r q u a l i t 5 c l l n e n l l y u r ( J i s n r i n i -m l as ir)ost ol 'the seliously diseasedlbrest occurs downstlearn frontexisting reservoirs or in aleas rvhichilre not sellt prone. However. rnsome aleas the destruction ol' lbrestvegetation by P. ciuttuntrtnti hascaused the strelms l 'ed fion these

reas to tu rn sa l i [e .' l ' imber

Production. The mostobvious and direct effect of jarrah

II

2'798W haPrivate property figures have been

excluded, as symptoms are notobvious on cleared farmland.

It Stateforest the area of diebackis increasing by about 16000 ha ayear; and for qll crown lond tenuresin the South-West is about 20000 haa year.

The disease is nol randomly dist ri-buted and its intensity varies with

f Banksia woodlands which are a majot vegetation type on the coastal plainand south coast ate highly susceptible

Y Pinus radiata growing in shelter belts on the coastal plain arc being killed bythe fungus, but the fLrngus has not caused any mortalitv in P. rcdtala plantations

6

tuunC uortpa.rJeJ .rooplno loJ pesnflSurste.rcut Suteq sr ls:r.to3 qt:,t.ttfeql s3rlll7^ uorlu^JesuoJ Ptlll .leqltlll'ralt?,r slr Luor.J l.rudV 'uounaJJaU

,. 1?rsIul)q aql.lo slun.ll iltllur sl\ollotl lno Pello.l iflstll ptlll(rluouo a.n? lo8rreqloou aLIt .lo asoqlpuB slseu ,{url iraql tsPo) qtnos lluo 8uue,\\og Brs)u|q aql .lo Jttrrl iqllP paerq ot Pa^Jasqo urJq a^r'lq prrl

lerp lrasur up uo ,{lur'rLu r,lr1 ,(0q,1'eurl 3ur.rf,,roU 1r: s:r.lol;' urslurrlcql sluenbe{ oslu tI'Inssod ftuirdJo esnoluiop ,{u|l illr?nba Jql..

's1uanba.r3 1rserlads ururu eql Jo cuo J.rr surslrruqpul? rllJau Jo torp r o1 paldr:pl,{larlua lsorulB sr lr?unur srrlf's.rJ^\olr Jql Jo .n?tJarr pu{r uJll.)(legl uo PeaJ ol sai-iarua '!urssocl

,{euoq io .ren-ueqloo{r {url aql'c-rlll?J.rJ

III?tlls -li)rllorrr] irrni slLll'lv .rulJSrr Jrll ol PJlJu.rllu srllolrruo lsl?e.J slDq Pur sl\\() Iooqo()q

(ueuueH sal) lstottt st 11 papl^otalltos Lt aAtAtns ol snDun] aqlMolle saiods asaLlI a todsopAt ltplt lC f

aroos le n xes

q3

All\/

I,i$

ur nitacl y\J

LUnr6uerodS

( ueurP H sa-l )aseala) uo pue aln13ntts stql ulpeLuroJ ate saladsooz uintDup.tocls f

j-'

lq;-ru 1y r.n,$og eqt ol patJurllllsluP luP salleoq 'soru-rcllnq sLllottr'scisr,r snoiiLunu lql io-l oslu tnq.nllJau liis ol ,{luo lou itrloJ sp.rr8'suidri pJJs cql u: rl,r etlp ielr?J u llsllaq rrslul?q iqt slrtalba.ry oslu ll1lrr1Jrl_L s.riM()u l?rsIur?q eql .Jo .llr1.r roql uo Pai.l osllr soolr?IJor lJr'rlq iqlpur: airr.r.llrs cqt sp rllls spJlq iirJtOlsuof, r[111os oql uo '{l.r]Jlrr0.rld

-s.rc.,|\oI lrslurq qlr,r pall|rJossIrlu()trrrror s.!ar,'J,(JUorJ oqt .Joouros ai|.rJ rJ,{tuoq u^\oiq aql pu|'ra1r:a (auot1 padr;u-a1rq,n eql 'r:1r?:)

-,{:ru()q pirr \\o.rr-{u.'nr;1 rq1'1 lrqarldsu.tilsiM irlt'-ritri,{ouorJ pclairqr-rl | | | 1\ l\.1t I | | : {l r\, )1.) Jr{ ) Ll I r,41 .r Jrlt.li:, rl'.r pri:rlrotJ purlloq \\eu io pc;-ulll-11ir11r.{ rqt pirq olllu,r elltrl iql 'pirq

llllr\1 lu rql eldtrrx:r :o-1..lsi rol rql;-unrqlrqrrr spirq $Ilr

slDurrulr IJrurs iq1.lo iunru.rol lallaqspulr pool ;-urprlo.rd Lu !utout)lll)'./ ol tlclltd.ltsns lsotu salll itlt

.lo ltll) r/)/rYrrrfl Jo aloi aql P:)ltli')ttll1.r0P slr(l (01 oN l??.)r)./ /r.)/.)./)

Lrisrritsr.rrl") -rird .rJiru'o rlr rri)si\dlsi.ro-l irldLrIl]\i .ro-l '.rlqlornr Jrrouo ltltrlutdtp r.rt sttrsrrrt:ito ii-rrrtrl

lL!oLUeLrulr eroqtqdol^qd p ap^c altj L

'tUils,isoti Lrll tlr lsllll.l.-)q sataedslrqt puoiiq spualre srr:rtds lttt:1d

lrrpl\rlur .lo ssol aqf -uonlurlxa

.1Cr r;r;_rn:1't ur o.Ilr 'adr(l \.rots.tlpul'l

IUlrurtuoP \'1lt) !t)lltl t)t\'!tt1)fJ eql\t q.rns slrtir PtlPl,\\ol tlr ;'r r I.r.l rl J.r()asorlt il.rrlrlll.rld 's:rd it rtotlt:t-lir'l.r rttt:lla.; tlt!to)nttl.) plttl tDoq!- tt)tlntD^- t)tl)tt).\.to ttoiiotht tnt'I' \tkl.1t) )t)l)t).1 \'olllutTtDPt'' t)tttoo! t)d'tit\l t)g lri s:lrrlds :rpnlrur slrrrldclqrldirsns palJeJt? arr s.!i\\oU lr1-l-rlnreq ireql .ro.J Peu,\\oul.l l.rt qarq,\1lsarot crll .lo sqniqs pur? saerl .{ulltr1'1'rl1r:rr:r.rdch {l.pl,r u.aq torr spqrurlul pLrr u.roll lsarol Uo jrPqrrlrlr.rrrf go lrillc aq-L 'uoltelrasuo3

u,\\op.soJr tle^lr,, .\/ \ lrt r.\11),rj ,,1 .11rrrr irrr:trrl-rrirrol -ss:r1 i)(uo:raq IJrr\1 ..1n:] elqc1\r)llr.. srqt.lo ;rzrs :rq1 :rrnrnpordun

sirtul)taq lsir.rol i.rouI ptlrl sisl?aiilul

1lrt1:rrp ,{q pat;lellP ts:rioJ JorJ.nr irlt \V ls.io-l eqt {q parnpord

lutJ1 ot Iunbc sr .tre.{ qrrl lnir poo,,!\

.lo trrnorulr arll .lr peuInssr eq {luorIf1 llrt \\rL iUt:.1,, t. rln.l ttU:t nttoliqf iJlsrlpur ;-ur11ru eqr uo lrrduli\.rn1nl Irrrr :rllrrPoutrur slr sr IirPqSlp

II

0,,,."1,,11oJ,oa.oo7 d=

B U N B U R Y

Ia

aa. t

t

D I E B A C K D I S T R I B U T I O N

. E I N D O O N

tItlEIE

W I L L A M S

S C A L I0 r 0 ? 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 r r

0 01' l i ro 1 99' l

2 00rii, l{) 19 99qo

20 0a%

Dw-"Lhn!!p Farv. iy

L Alntosl al l the vegelat ion rt thts ptctuta tsluqlt ly susccpltble 1.) P cinnamonl aral /s / / ldanl let af beconJin(t exl iDcl (Los Harnrnn)

f Spread of lhe dtsease upslope as tneasurcd hysyulptonts in the undetstoty The tarc ofsprcad of the dtsease ts slaw t l sptead by nants e/tniinated

Ete67*68i r96a- 6e

n rgoe- 70

1e7l - 72

ntsrz -7a

a1w3 - 7a

o s t oUEIBES

Destructiotl of lhe ja ah forest by eithelt l le development of salt patcl les at ld the

nf: t

\I

clearing ot janah dteback has cause(Jsal ination ol stteatr ls i t i sotne eastetn

V

uJ\ |vcvezro j sovoa.a-Ycvalto oN C) dwv/yts {:t)

(LretureH sa l) |LUoLLIIUU:) dAq pelltN LtotlcteDet asnoc 11og I

aualii.iq 1srrol iq urJt lJorls rtpur pJllo.rltro.t Jq .itltu islrJsrp Jql lrq)rdoq rruos grprrord ;rruq t! JoJ Jlqls-uodsJJ srolJul JrJl Jo rrolluJlJrlrrJplirll pur uollrruB{ slql to uotltuitoJJll'ilpi\I.nrut s;rr.rrtr ,il rlrclr ldorsns 'sr1rs

tsoLLr Lro l\..ro.l irll .lo uorl:)n.rlsJpJ\nr.r Ul)J //1/rlr71ll/r I .7 q;inoqtly

'sIij-ur.l cql JlrJlPlr.lJ ()1

;-urlcltrrllr: uuql raqlli isllisrp lrllol lLlulsrso,r )r J)iuLU ol )siio.l Iu. rlr(r

arll Lr suorltl)uoJ IlrlLrotULIo_|l.\LIi)rqt SLniut:ql pursuoir pJllilrun

o'lLr s11;-Lnl.l iql .1() uotltnpo.llur

Jrlt lLri,\J.rd ol sanbruLIJ]l ;ur.\lo.\i)ol PolrJ.IlP rriiq sr]rl LlJ.llrcsi.r'cJuaH'1r:rr1;rr:.rdrrrr J.llr sporlli(l qJns lsJ.ro.llu rrl slui(rllr:\.rt Ir.Illllllt i tsualur.rJrll{) Prnr s:rPrrr;-un-; .lo isll lLIlr(c1 sn;-un; :rql .1o 1;rrclurr JLII iJlrpJ.rol Itrsu;rcNt q;ino1111r: ;rlclrssocl sr

lr Lr()rtrnlrs Ju.Illllnrrl.roq iqt ul -riju

lo lrun ltci.rnlu\ \\()l {li\llltli.r lt sILIqJrq.\\ lsiiol I ut tinlltu [)l]t.rclsJl)1.\\slr \q pi.ril)ulq \l isltisl[) iq] lo.lluor()l sPoqt.al .lo lU.LLrcloli\.iP itrl l

\ n;-lnt.lilrll 0lur rlrrrisi.r JI)r\\ PI.ro\\.lo I.lId

{lu() sr V '\\ Llr lno |ru.tt:r ir-tI:rc1rLtrrLrt:.r;-o-rd q J.r losil.t itll_ tsuisr p tq 1olLl uotllt;tlsJ,\ttr ur polrtltul slrq

OdISJ irll ^lllrJJc.r arottr pur]rlJ,nrcso.l )rlrqirp qlri.!rl ut po^lo^uI,{lrirrrrrid sr qJrq,\\ llolsrulc) ltltlotlllls tlJ.rllJsJ.r r StttLlt;lttttur sr olrtI-rlsu I rJJ.rlriscu lsi.ro.J s.rllIra^\rronrtuoJ Jqf -sJrlrsii^run

Jlluollt?Nullrlr-rlsllv Put) ultrl|Jlsllv LriolsJA\lqt lr: sdrqsrr:1o11ts rlJlt?JsJ.r .ro.Jspttn.l siprlo.td osp: lucurl.rlcllp aq1i)ur Lrorlrls qrlr:rslX dniurll;r,nq slr1ll 1urur1.rr:d:r11 slso.ro-1 y ,11 aq1 ,{q

ll'lo par.ripl st cttttt :-r;-o:d c,rtsu:t1ttrLIV sLrorl|srrlr;-io.Jo iler.rr:,r t: iq lnopir.r.ttn ;-ur.q i11ucl:nr :-r qrll:rsc11

luo;-llitttsnur rql s\1 uuoltlDut!t) t1.t)rllltl-/)/.1 l/./ Pirlrluopr'rlrltllsLr J rlrirosJulsl.ro,J rlllro,t\rroLuLrroJ oql.lo.rJipod

IuPr,J .r l\ luqt'-rr^i,\\oq'gg(,1 IltuntoLr sl,\\ 1l Jsrlulr ll prrrl o1 1drua11r:Lnr ur lno plu-rt:] :t.r:r.lr suotlu;-rlsr.\rr.Jo -rJquttrrr c pur: p|;!dsopr,n

Jr()Lu rLulrJJ(l isuostp Jql ,lrrtttl-dtnbr ir_ tr r,t o ttt- rll.l ltc lPttullrlJaLtr.lo uorl)ltpo-rlur :r1crs-oi,rl1 oql iur-,\\ollol cf6l .r.l.lV cirl ;(q posnrc aqol piu rssr) iia^\ lsoJo-l pllJp.lo spiJll

Illrtus JrJl pulr ltJ.I]l ur pJlJl,rlsct ,{iJ^sll.\1 1r lnq 11 .rt:L1 ir1.ro16 o1 ror.rd

I)i)qr-rJslp ls.trl s|r\\ I tqtlp q|.t lufq3leosau

lrrclrrp qr.r.rrf iq pr{orlsepsr lr trsr,\ orJ,\\ Jsoql o'l lsiio.l cql jo

lrlrddr rqt.lo qJnN dn;-ur11.r,rq.rr:u

lilrlol ilrs lrurrd luo pclrsr,l alcloed

0c1 PLIiliil\ atlo uo llltil pulloJslr,\\ lr 'il.\.rns LrorllroiJc.t lsoiol u

(ueLU rDH sol) (roLLreuu() dAq pa^otlsap Aleleldtuo) uaaq seqe uplt1td teaLt aAtasa.t ssel3 ,,V,,

<.|ttl n ttttpl ttottt ltds,tot dL

^/,teu,d e)e suo!lre],t, pLlt otoN ,,:,::;t:i::;f"7;:;"X,'!iiJ!';!iJi,ij,TiiiiiiJ t

:

oN39:t1

+-;'-.-

4--"2

J-i

I

{LDestruction of vegetation could seiously affect the habitat of animals such as

the Honey and Pygmy possums, and bids like the New Holland honeyeatel(Ben We l l s )

f Forcsts Depattment dieback lesea/ch aIDwellingup includes detatled n)onitoing oflhc soi l envitonmenl uudet JtI lelet] t vegelaltontypes to detennine theit susceptibility to thefungus {Les Harmanr L Honey possum on bo luebtush

techniques and inby manipulationvegetation.

Detailed measurements of the soilenrironment on various sites withinthe forest have shown that lowlandsites are highly susceptible becausethey are water gaining, but on thefreely drained upland sites wherejarrah grows best, the soil environ-ment is only marginally suitablefor the fungus. Over a period ofeleven years measurements of the

spread have shown that providedcontaminated soil is not carried on toupland sites the natural extensionof the disease from the lowlandsis very slow. Current research indi-cates that it may be possible toincrease the resistance of theupland sites by promoting a denseunderstory vegetation. Markedchanges in the understory andshrub layer of the forest can beachieved relatively cheaply byaltering the frequency and intensityof prescribed burning.

the long termof th€ forest

- i . .

L Pigmy poss,,- on banksia I lowet(Ber t Wel ls )

(Ber t Wel ls )

(raqder6oloqd l^oO)$ed aqt u!peatds aseastp lo asnec toleul e se6 let)alew,uelnq peot se p^q6 papalu Jo asn aqj L

(ueuJreH sa'l )patqtltqeqet aq ol s! tsuojpapalJe lo eare aOJel aqt J! tuessacau etes!tll se qJn9 uoQeltltqeqat Jo spoqlauJ lsoJMo7 alls \?eqatp ot uo papaes tca p a/aMqg|4M gaatt tue$tsar lcegatp plo- eaA-aarqj L(ueuJreH sal.)\Jegatp uo patuelct ateM qJtqM saai (snl-n9ol6 1) urn6 aryq uetueusej pp srcat-lt!'tf f

sJlJ(lJ^ u,,\\op il-uqsr?M puu sqluouJauruns eqt ol slsaJoJ ^qllPaqur ,4ll,lrlru SullJutsar fq peJnparflpelJuru Jq UEJ eseesrp eqlJo peards

IBTJUqJV .rol sr pouad srql 3ur:npSurpE3rds Jo ecu€qJ aql pu? e^r nso1 snSun; eql .roJ frp ool sI satlsfdute,,vrs 3ur,{1-,r,ro1 eqt lnq IIE uo lroseql sqluoru reuurns 3ql Suunc

'suorlerado Surplrnq pEoJ urpe^otu ro srazopllnq ot Buueqpp tpqle{rl Iros Jo sertrtu€nb o8lel 3ut^oruluo{ pallnsar sEr{ ls3roJ er{l urpuerds aql Jo lsolii{ ^\ol sr lros Jo serl-rluEnb llErus qll,t\ Suruaddeq srql goflryrqeqord aqt 'uortenlrs pleg eqt urseeJP lJeqerp,rau al?rlrur 01 paJrnb-aJ erp lros palJoJur Jo serlrluBnb

11erus fluo q8noqllv poup sr lrosaqt uaq^{ pellt{,{lprder sr 1r spor:adSuol .loJ lros lsrou ur alt,rrns IILIlr q8noqll€ pue e:aqdsorule aql urpalllursuPll aq louuec !ruoLuDuut)'d sn8unJ eql Jo arnl€u snorprsuraql elrdsep alqrssodurr lou sr lln3$rpq8noqlle'sanbrur{Jal euer3,{q lseroJ^q peaJds lerJgrge Jo uortJnpe1

'IrEqalp qBrrBI

loJluoJ ol ue{El aq UBJ qJ!q^{ dalsal8uts $alEer8 aql q pBards IBIJUIIJE;o uopua,re.rd aroJaJaql pe,4ollsepeq II[A\ uorlf,eJur ,{\eu 3q1 Joedolsu/top uor1e1a3e,l Noru sJee^ Jopoued P la^o pu8 prdz: sr adolsunoppeerds ospasrp'sotrs llrqdn uo peqsrl-qPls3 a.lE suollraJur ,reu eruo

',{ep euo ur sortaruoll{ Josuiel ur pelnsPau secuDlsrP pPeldseq o1 3seaslp oql asnPJ ue3 lros JolueLua^otU se^lo^uI qf,Iq,\\ lssloJ eqlur ,(I,rrlm ,{uV €ajp pesuasrp ,,'\au

u alurlrur ol lusrJsns st IIos palt3J-ur Jo lunorue srql puP IIos lsloul

Jo ururS euo ut?qt ssal ul PeI.lJslaq,{uru puu alrlrns uuc sn8unl aq1'ieJ,{ E serlaullueJ,\\eJ € UPI{] sselsr eJp,JJlls tEU u uo Jo l1rqdn sn8unjaql Jo luaura^ou paprPull ur?ur

JO sOUr^UrB eql uro{ sllnsar lseroJaql q8noJql psords sr tLuoLuDuur)'d qJ!q/\\ ,{q suPJru Jofzu aLlI

lsaJol elels ur aullueJenopue euetb^H tselol Aq

Iceqaro qerrer lo lorluoc

'palua^ard eq UEJ srro^-leser olur llss Jo oBJEr{Jsrp eql ter{los ruols,{s 1oo: deep P a^eq qJrr{^lseerl q1r,r luelder ol ,{resseJau aq Ilr,,lru lceqarP q€uef ,{q pelcaJP aruqJrr.l.,!\ suele luourq3lef, auord-ll€s uI'reef qcea palueld Sureq ere tse.loJPalcaJ?-{JEqarp Jo seJslJaq 092Ja^o pur? SurnunuoJ arc slEuI

's3lrs lse.IoJ qeJlEIuo ,r\or8 osl€ pue snSunJ aql JoaJueseJd arll ur oAlAIls ol alq€ uaaqe^aq std,{lnf,ne lq8re lsuel lE pueeurd Jo sarceds ae)tfl 'tLuouuLtutJ

d01 eruElsrse.l JoJ ,{Jolsroqel pue PIegeqt ur pelsel uaaq a^uq l€IlualodIEr eruuoc u.{\oul qlr,{\ serlodsaerl 0s ra^o serJeds 35rl a^r'lBu.l3ll€qlr/r lno peuJEc Sureq eJ" slgul s€3r?asaql loJ 'peqsllqElsa-er eq re^e lll/t\lseroJ lDrntuu aql teqt adoq elurlsr ereql ls3roJ eq1 pe,{ollsep ̂pearleseq snSunJ eql eq.\1 s€er€ ul

'asBaslp aql Jo lorluoJIBJlSololq a^o!qJB ol pasn aq,{Btu slslu-o8s)uB lernlEu asaql qJlEa$r rJqlnJql!^r lEql olqlssod q 11 surstueSro-orf,ru reqlo {q pelcepe Sutaqsr lr SsnEcaq aAnf,l? stuocsq ol elqPunsr snSunJ eqt salts 1sero3 qe::elsruos uo paJoldxe Suraq ,{lluels-uol arE r{cJueseJ Jo saull ,,l^aN

(lnzcfeleW N)pa otluoJ A ntoo9tq

aq AeuJ aseastp 9a s auos uo leqlsaleSrput tlcteesa lua?ag 'luloul-euulc d 1ullJere eualleq losa

.'\

t,.

L Large scale opetations involving soil distutbance. such as bauxite mtntng. causeattificial sptead of the fungus (Les Harman)

f The fungus could be rcadily caned in soiladhering to the wheels of tnil bikes

< Labontory testing of soil ca edon logging equipment which hadbeen working in a dieback arcashowed that it contained P cinnamomi (Gov t . Pho tog raphe r )

whenevel they move from diseasedto healthy forest.

Distribution of the disease withinthe forest was considered whenimplemenring rhe hygiene pro-gramme. A total of 720000 ha,40 per cent of Siate forest, has nowbeen gazetted as quarantine area,The first section gazetted was499000 ha of northern jarrah forestto the east of the badly diseased areanear the Darling Scarp. The secondsection comprised 211000 ha mainlyof jarrah forest in the southernregion of Stare forest south of a l ineapproximately between Nannup andBridgetown.

Entry by vehicle to this quaran-r ined area w i l l be permi r red on ly inspecial circumstances and a permitis required. The legislation providesheavy penalties for infringements torhe Ac t . A lmost a l l fo resr ac t i r i t iesinvolving vehicular movement, suchas logging, are restricted to thewestern edge of the forest which rsbadly affected by dieback.

The stringent quarantine:. Permits the identif ication of

a f fec ted areas in rhe h igh qua l i ryforest zone;

. Provides time in which to intro-duce a logical basis for imple-menting hygiene measures;

. Provides time to develop workmethods so that multiple-usemanagement may be continued;

o Effectively curtails artif icialspread in not yet hopelesslyinfected susceptible forests wheredisease is a threat to managementobjectives.

The co-operation of everybodywho uses the forest, whether for

I Washing down vehicles beforc theyentet healthy lorcst rcduces thetisk of disease sprcad.

(Les H arman)

work or recreation, is essential ifjarrah dieback is to be controlled.Information on forest hygiene andquarantine procedures can be ob-tained at any Divisional Office.

Contro l o f Jarrah DiebackOuts ide State Forest

Control of the disease in nationalparks and reserves, crown lands,farmland and golf courses, can onlybe achieved by reducing artificialspread. In home gardens fungicidesmay give some control. On the deepsands on which most homes insuburban Perth are located infec-tions generally remain localised.Therefore the best method of controlis preyention of the spread of con-taminated soil.

In badly affected areas the aesthe-tic value of the destroyed naturalvegetation may be at least partiallyrecovered by planting resistant trees1nd shrubs. A Iist of trees and shrubswhich are resistant to the fungus isprovided opposite.

C o n c l u s i o n sP. cinnamomi is a new and deva-

stating factor of the environment inthe south of Western Australia.Unchecked, the disease could even-tually result in the irreversible des-truction ofthe majority of the jarrahforest and many other yegetationtypes occurring in the area. It is acomplex problem but there is somehope that a method of controllingthe disease will be discovered.Control by hygiene and quarantinc,however, is the only method in theshort term which will ensure that thepriceless value of the forest will beconserved for future generations. @

Back coverfhe productive capacity of the jarahforcst is illusttated by this viryin stand.

(Les H a rman)

(Les Ha rman )