© abb | slide 1 automation & instrumentation in the irrigation sector james maclellan – abb...

30
© ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

Upload: crystal-conley

Post on 14-Jan-2016

216 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 1

Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation SectorJames MacLellan – ABB Limited

Irrigation show, April 2014

January 2014

Page 2: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 2

Presentation topics covered

Accurate metering of water use and adherence to legislative requirements

Optimising water usage

Control of water quality standards

Mitigation of electrical issues for the wider community

Managing energy efficiency

Month DD, YYYY

Page 3: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 3

Accurate metering of water use

Month DD, YYYY

Page 4: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 4

What is required?

Consent holders need to provide data regarding water takes.

Flow data needs to be within 5% of a known standard value*

*ABB units are OIML R49 Type P.

Month DD, YYYY

Page 5: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 5

So which device and why?

Mechanical Meters

Paddle wheel / Turbine / Gear.

Inexpensive & simple.

Accuracy limitations. Moving parts.

Coriolis Flow Meter

Uses principle of inertia for moving mass.

Extremely accurate, minimal install requirements.

Limitation on bore size. Expensive

Month DD, YYYY

Page 6: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 6

So which device and why?

Differential Pressure

Bernoulli’s Principle (> speed = < pressure).

Requires a constriction.

Not super ideal for irrigation sector.

Electromagnetic

• Magnetic induction.

• Without mechanical ‘moving’ parts.

• Any ionic electrically conductive fluid.

Month DD, YYYY

Page 7: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 7

Optimising water usage

Month DD, YYYY

Page 8: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 8

Efficiency = (H2O Transpired / H2O Applied) x 100

Need to obtain some detail as to:-

1. How much water has been provided to the crop (applied)

2. How much water is absorbed by the crop (transpired)

Need to MEASURE

3. Rainfall.

4. Soil depth.

5. Soil moisture.

6. Pasture response.

7. Irrigation application rate and efficiency.

Month DD, YYYY

Page 9: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 9

Factors ‘below the surface’.

Month DD, YYYY

Page 10: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 10

Efficiency = (H2O Transpired / H2O Applied) x 100

Soil temp @ 10cm depth < 10 deg C: Nil growth.

Soil temp @ 10cm depth > 10 deg C: Sun / Moisture.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

So, measure temperature @ 10cm depth.

Crop & Food Research: R.J Martin, S.M.Thomas, R.F. Zykowski

AgResearch: D.R Stevens

Month DD, YYYY

Page 11: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 11

Instruments & technology in use today

Month DD, YYYY

Page 12: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 12

Pt100

0.385 ohms per degree C

LINEAR

Accurate

$$$$$$$

Thermistor

Similar principle to Pt100

NON LINEAR

Not so accurate

Cheap!

Pt100 & Thermistor (RTD’s)

Month DD, YYYY

Page 13: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 13

Possible methods:-

Capacitance

Resistance

Conductivity

Temperature

Soil moisture content

Most common:-

Time Domain Transmission

Electrical pulse

Time / size affected by surrounding media

Month DD, YYYY

Page 14: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 14

Conditions constant.

Repeatable result.

Imagine the wall changes…

The speed, time & force of the returning ball will very.

Alter one ‘constant’.

Results vary

Moisture change = change in pulse signal properties

Time Domain Transmission

Month DD, YYYY

Page 15: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 15

3rd Law of induction (1832).

Left Hand Rule (motors).

mV signals generated

Electro-magnetic field ‘switches’.

mV signal size proportional to flow.

The Electro-Magnetic Flow Meter

Month DD, YYYY

Page 16: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 16

Control of water quality standards

Month DD, YYYY

Page 17: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 17

pH (measure of acidity / alkalinity)

Conductivity (measure of ionic concentration)

Turbidity (measure of the particulates)

Chemical analysis…

Month DD, YYYY

Page 18: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 18

pH / Conductivity / Turbidity

Month DD, YYYY

Page 19: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 19

Nitrate & Dissolved Oxygen Analysis

Leaching

Human health issues

Death of fish & marine species

Affect soil nutrition (< Ca)

Reduced by decomposition of organics (>BOD)

Affect aquatic species

Month DD, YYYY

Page 20: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 20

Mitigation of electrical issues & managing energy efficiency

Month DD, YYYY

Page 21: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 21

Instruments: Delicate / Fragile / Fine / Precise

Month DD, YYYY

Page 22: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 22

Getting the WaterThe crowded room

Energy required to ‘lift’ or ‘pump’ water.

Most efficient use of electrical energy via VSD / VFD.

Month DD, YYYY

Page 23: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 23

Extremely efficient devices with regard to power use.

‘Raw’…VSD’s can cause huge power issues across networks and disrupt/distort instrument signals

If you install them 100%...The instrumentation guy is happy…Everybody is happy

Variable Speed Drives (VSD / VFD)

Month DD, YYYY

Page 24: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 24

Sending the signalsMiscommunications

Month DD, YYYY

Page 25: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 25

Conventional

Flow data via pulses.

Telecommunication fail.

Pulses / units disagree.

Punch up.

Common issues – Missing data

Serial communication

Flow data via digital comms

Receiver reads instrument value from a register

Doesn’t matter if communications are intermittent

MODBUS

Month DD, YYYY

Page 26: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 26

Energy Efficient Devices

Month DD, YYYY

Page 27: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 27

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Month DD, YYYY

Page 28: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 28

What we don’t want to see….

Month DD, YYYY

Page 29: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014

© ABB| Slide 29

“Before you rip down a fence, think for a moment why it was put there in the first place”

Month DD, YYYY

Page 30: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014