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b '1 lllt'!J q )?...o 2-v IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

ORI(>INAL WRIT JURISDICTION

(Under Article 32 Of The Constitution of India)

WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. OF 2020

IN THE MATTER OF: '

Gujarat Mazdoor sabha & Anr. ... PETITIONERS

VERSUS

State of Gujarat ... RESPONDENTS

WITH

I.A. NO. OF 2020

APPLICATION SEEKING EXEMPTION FROM FILING DULY AFFIRMED AFFIDAVIT AND STAMPED VAKALATNAMA, COURT FEES . .

I.A. NO. OF 2020

APPLICATION FOR INTERIM DIRECTIONS

PAPER BOOK

[FOR INDEX KINDL. Y SEE INSIDE]

ADVOCATE FOR THE PETITIONERS: APARNA BHAT

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12.

13.

14.

15.

INDEX

Particulars of Document

(ii)

Listing Proforma

Cover Page of Paperbook

Index of record of Proceedings.

Limitation Report prepared by the Reaistrv

Defect List

Note Sheet

Synopsis & List of Dates

Writ Petition with Affidavit

ANNEXURE -P-1 A true copy of the impugned Notification dated 17.04.2020

I.A. NO. OF 2020 APPLICATION FOR INTERIM DIRECTIONS

I.A. NO. OF 2020 APPLICATION SEEKING EXEMPTION FROM FILING DULY AFFIRMED AFFIDAVIT AND STAMPED VAKALATNAMA, Court Fees

Letter

F/M

ViA

.. -···- ---~"---~---~~~----

Page No. of part to which it belongs

Remark s

Part I Part II

(iii) (iv) (v)

A-A1

A2

A3

A4

AS

NS-1

B-1

1-19

20

21-24

..

25-27

28-29

30

31

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SECTION-X

The case pertains to (Please tick/check the correct box):

• Central Act: (Title)··---NA ----·----

• Section : ----NA ---------------

• Central Rule : (Title) --····---NA----····--

• Rule No(S) : ··········NA·-···---

• State Act : (Title) ·······NA········

· • Section :-------NA-------

• State Rule: (Title) -----·---NA--------

• Rule No (s) : -----------NA------

• Impugned Interim Order: (Date) ·----NA---------

• Impugned Final Order/Decree: Ut'tCTO t-JA • High Court : NA

• Names of Judges :NA .

• Tribunal/ Authority : (Name) -------------NA-----1. Nature of matter: . • CIVIL ------·------------····----

2· (A) Petitioner/Appellant No. (3. '{j ~ MiA~ 'Y ~' (B) E-maiiiD: ---·····---····----·---NA-·---------------------------------

(C) Mobile phone Number: -------··---NA·-----··-----··----·-··

~~ A~v;~' 1. 3. (A) Respondent No.1 (B) ·E-maiiiD: ·····················NA·---·····---·····-~·-······-·

(C) Mobile phone Number: ---·····----·----NA-··; ____________ _

4. (A) Main category classification: ---------1800-------:------

(B) Sub classification: ---·-·······1807 & ORS --·····'--'

5. Not to be Listed before: --·-·------NIA------------··-----·

6. a. Si!J111ar Disposed Matter: Not any Similar matter Dispo_sed.

b. Similar Pending matter: Not any Similar matter Pending

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(B) FIR No. ----·········· NA- Date --------NA----·-····

(C) Police Station -----------------NA--------------

(D) Sentence Awarded: ----------------NA----------------

(E) Sentence Undergone: ---------------NA----------------

8. Land Acquisition Matter:

(A) Date of Section 4 notification: .•.•..•• ---••• --·-N A··-·······

(B) Date of Section 6 notification: - •••• --- ----- ---- --N A----------

(C) Date of Section 17 notification: - --- •• --- ------ --N A-----------

9. Tax Matter: State the tax effect: .... -----... -N A---·--------·---

10. Special Category (first petitioner/appellant only): NA

' *Senior citizen> 65 Years'" SC/ST" Woman/child'" Disabled* Legal

Aid case • In custody NA

11. Vehicle Number (in case of Motor Accident Claim matters):---NA--

12. Decided case with citation ------------NA-··---------------

DATED: 20/05/2020 A10R FOR PETITIONER (S) APPELLANT (S)

~AT Registration No.: 1246

E-MAIL- APARNA.BHAT @GMAIL.COM

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SYNOPSIS

The Petitioners are filing this Petition to challenge Notification No.

GHR/2020/56/FAC/142020/346/M3 dated 17" April 2020 issued by

the Gujarat Labour and Employment Department on the .grounds

that it is patently illegal, violative and unnaturally unjust of various

fundamental rights, statutory rights and labour laws. The Petitioner

is a registered trade union.

It is submitted that on 17" April 2020, amidst the ongoing lockdown

in the country, Gujarat Labour and Employment Department issued

Notification No. GHR/ 2020/56/FAC/142020/346/M3 which grants

exemptions to all factories in Gujarat from provisions of the

Factories Act, 1948 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act"), relating to

daily working hours, weekly working hours, intervals for rest and

spread-overs of adult workers, and even from the duty to pay

overtime wages at double rate as fixed under section 59 of the Act.

The impugned Notification has been purported to be issued under

the powers conferred by Section 5 of the Act and grants exemption

from the aforementioned provisions of the Act for the period from

April 20 to July 19, 2020. The impugned Notification exempts

factories from sections 51, 54, 55 and 56 of the Act on various

conditions which are, that for the period from April 20 to July 19,

2020, workers in Gujarat can be made to work 12 hours in a day, 72

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c hours in a week with a 30 minutes break after 6 hours. The

Factories Act, 1948, otherwise provides that workers can only be

made to work 9 hours in a day - but 48 hours. in a week, with 1

weekly off- thus coming to 8 hours in a day (sections 51, 52.& 54),

with 30 minutes break after 5 hours (section 55). The notification

' further provides that no women workers will be allowed to work

between 7pm & 6am ..

Most disturbingly, the impugned Notification prescribes that no

overtime at double rate will be paid for the extra four hours worked

per day, but rather that overtime work will merely be compensated at

the usual hourly rate. The Notification expressly states that wages

for the extra hours will be paid "in proportion to the existing wage0

(e.g., if wages for eight hours are 80 Rupees, then proportionate

wages for twelve hours will be 120 Rupees"). This is blatantly

against section 59 of the Act which mandates that wages must be

paid at double the ordinary rate for hours worked in excess of 9

hours in a day (Including 1-hour break) & 48 hours in a week.

It is submitted that vide the Impugned Notification under section 5 of

the Factories Act, 1948, the Gujarat Government has acted ultra

vires its powers under the said section. Section 5 empowers State

Governments "in a case of public emergency'' to grant exemption to

any factory or class or description of factories from all or any of the

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t>- D provisions of the Act (except section 67) for such period and subject

to such conditions as it may think fit, for a period not exceeding

three months at a time. However, the same section provides that

"public emergency'' means a grave emergency whereby the security

of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether

by war or external aggression or infernal disturbance. It is clear that

such an "emergency" thus only covers emergencies in the nature of

physical and tangible war or conflict. By no stretch of imagination

can it be said to include in its ambit the phenomenon of a viral

disease, albeit a Pandemic. It is clearly beyond the purview of the

section to include a global medical pandemic as an "external

aggression or internal disturbance".

Further, section 5 only permits exemption to be granted to "any

factory or class or description of factories", whereas the Impugned

Notification grants a blanket exemption to all factories in the State.

On this ground also the Notification is ultra vires the powers granted

under the Act. Therefore, it is amply clear that the Gujarat

Government has misused section 5 to suspend ko;!Y provisions of the

Factories Act, 1948,_ which offer basic and fundamental protections

to workers, especially in a time where workers are most vulnerable,

economically and socially.

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E It is further submitted that the impugned Notification has been

passed under section 5 of the Factories Act, 1948 and not under

section 65(2) of the Act. Section 65(2) permits a State Government

to exempt on such conditions as it or he may deem expedient, any

or all of the adult workers in any factory or group or class or

description of factories from any or all of the provisions of sections

51, 52, 54 and 56 of the Act on the ground that the exemption is

required to "enable the factory or factories to deal with an

exceptional pressure of worl<'. Any exemption granted under Section

65, sub-section (2) shall be subject to the following conditions,

namely:

(i) the total number of hours of work in any day shall not

exceed twelve;

(ii) the spreadover, inclusive of intervals for rest, shall not

exceed thirteen hours in any one day;

(iii) the total number of hours of work in any week, including

overtime, shall not exceed sixty;

(iv) no worker shall be allowed to work overtime, for more than

seven days at a stretch and the total number of hours of

overtime work in any quarter shall not exceed seventy-five.

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,/f-- F The Petitioners contend that catching up with production lost during

the lockdown would not qualify as "enabling the factory or factories

to deal with an exceptional pressure of work', but even otherwise

and presuming that it does, the present impugned Notification is

ultra vires section 65 also. Section 65(3) lays down a number of

conditions for the granting of an exemption. Section 65(3)(iii)

prohibits the total number of hours of work in any week, including

overtime, from exceeding 60. Thus a 12-hour day can only be done

thrice in a week. The impugned Notification provides for up to 72

working hours in a week- i.e, 12 hours a day, 6 days a week.

Further and most crucially, section 65(2) does not provide for an

exemption from section 59 of the Act (which mandates for double

pay for overtime worked over and above 8 hours a day I 48 hours in

a week). The direction for no payment of overtime rate for overtime

worked is a big financial blow to the workers who are quite literally

risking their lives to ensure the sustenance of the economy.

Therefore, the impugned Notificatio,n is ultra vires the powers

conferred under the Factories Act, 1948 and in blatant violation of

some of the most fundamental and important provisions of the said

Act.

The Petitioners further submit that the shocking extension of working

hours is being directed at a time when the most basic medical and

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>111' G scientific advice to avoid contracting the deadly COVID-19 is to take

rest and stay as healthy as possible .. This new regime ensures the

complete opposite. It is submitted that the monsoon season, which

is soon commencing is when disease and viruses are noto"riously

rampant, arid·most alarmingly for COVID-19, bronchial & lung issues

abound. As p~r the notification, these workers will now be

overworked, without being compensated for the same as per law,

which will only ensure that both their physical and mental health

deteriorate. In fact, it would amount to allowing forced labour. In light

of the pandemic, if the State claims that this pandemic is in fact a

"public emergency" then allowing forced labour will definitely worsen

the situation instead of improve it.

The Petitioners respectfully submit that the tragic trio of industrial

aqcidents on 7'h May at Vishakapatnam Chattisgarh & Neyveli are

reported to have happened in hazardous industries being reopened

after the lockdown with a skeletal workforce. Manning industries with

tired, exhausted and weak workers will only invite such further

tragedies. In light of the hundreds of lives already affected, this

Notification is simply inviting disasters rather than mitigating them.

The Petitioners respectfully submit that the said notification quite

clearly states that the workers will be not only be grossly

overworked, but the fact that the direction for no payment of

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element of cruelty to a blatantly illegal notification, all in respect of

the workers who are quite literally risking their lives to ensure the

sustenance of the economy;

The present Petition is filed directly before this Hon'ble Court as it

involves an important question of law and similar Notifications have

been issued by at least 10 other States throughout India, Further the

Petitioners have come to know that another matter has been filed

before this Hon'ble. Court challenging the Notification impugned

herein. Hence judicial propriety requires that this matter be filed

before this Hon'ble Court.

Hence, the Petitioner has filed this Writ Petition under Article 32 of

the Constitution of India for issuing appropriate writ/directions.

LIST OF DATES

24.03.2020 Twenty-one days' nation-wide lockdown

announced by the Prime Minister to contain the

spread of COVID-19 in the country.

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14.04.2020

17.04.2020

20.05.2020

I The Home Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs

issued directions that the Lockdown measures

will continue to remain in force up to 03.05.2020.

Gujarat Labour and Employment Department

issued the impugned . Notification No. GHR/

2020/56/FAC/142020/346/M3 ·which grants

exemptions to ali factories in . Gujarat from

provisions of the Factories Act, 1948, relating to

daily working hours, weekly working hours,

intervals for rest and spread-overs of adult

workers, and even from the duty to pay overtime

wages at double rate as fixed under section 59 of

the Act. The impugned Notification has been

purported to be issued under the powers

conferred by Section 5 of the Act and grants

exemption from the aforementioned provisions of

the Act for the period from April 20 to July 19,

2020.

Hence the present Writ Petition.

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

ORIGINAL WRIT JURISDICTION

(Under Article 32 Of The Constitution of India)

WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. OF 2020

(ORDER XXXVIII OF THE SUPREME COURT RULES 2013)

IN THE MATTER OF:

1. Gujarat Mazdoor Sabha,

104, Maharana Pratap Complex,

1

Opp. V.S. Hospital, Ellisbridge,

Ahmedabad - 380 006 . .. PETITIONER NO. 1

2. Trade Union Centre of India,

180-C, J.J. Keni Lane,

Dharavi Koliwada, Dharavi,

Mumbai- 400 017 ... PETITIONER NO.2

-Versus-

State of Gujarat

Through the Secretary,

Labour and Employment Department,

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Sachivalay, Gandhinagar. . .. CONTESTING RESPONDENT

A PETITION UNDER ARTICLE 32 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

TO, THE HON'BLE CHIEF JUSTICE OF INDIA AND HIS COMPANION JUDGES OF THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

THE HUMBLE PETITION OF THE PETITIONERS ABOVENAMED

MOST RESPECTFULLY SHEWETH:

1' The present Writ Petition under Article 32 of the Constitution

of India is filed challenging the Notification No. GHRI

2020/56/FAC/142020/346/M3 dated 17'" April 2020 issued by the

Gujarat Labour and Employment Department on the grounds that it

is patently illegal, violative and unnaturally unjust of various

fundamental rights, statutory rights and labour laws.

1A The Petitioner No.1 is a trade union registered under the

Trade Unions Act, 1926, bearing registration number G2118 (dt.

30/12/1980} and represents around 10 000 workmen working in a

number of factories and industrial establishments throughout the

State of Gujarat. The Petitioner No.2 is a Federation of trade unions

registered under the Trade Unions Act, 1926, bearing registration

number 10004 (dt. 2004} and represents around 100 000 workmen

working in a number of factories and industrial establishments

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3 throughout India. The Petitioner No.1 is affiliated to the Petitioner

No.2. The Registration certificates of the Petitioner No. 1 and

Petitioner No. 2 have been filed.

1 B. The Respondent is the State of Gujarat represented through

the Labour and Employment Department, which has passed the

Notification impugned in this Petition. The Respondent is "State"

within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution of India.

BRIEF FACTS OF THE CASE

2. On 171h April 2020, amidst the ongoing lockdown in the

country, Gujarat Labour and Employment Department issued

Notification No. GHR/ 2020/56/FAC/142020/346/M3 which grants

exemptions to all factories in Gujarat from provisions of the

Factories Act, 1948, relating to daily working hours, weekly working

hours, intervals for rest and spread-overs of adult workers (sections

51, 54, 55 and 56 of the Act), and even from the duty to pay

overtime wages at double rate as fixed under section 59 of the Act.

The impugned Notification has been purported to be issued under

the powers conferred by Section 5 of the Factories Act, 1948

(hereinafter referred to as "the Act") and grants exemption from the

afore-mentioned provisions of the Act for the period from April 20 to

July 19, 2020. A true copy of the impugned Notification dated

17.04.2020 is marked and annexed herein as Annexure-P-20

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5. The impugned Notification exempts factories from sections

51, 54, 55 and 56 of the Act on various conditions- i.e., that for the

period from April 20 to July 19, 2020, workers in Gujarat can be

made to work 12. hours in a day, 72 hours in a week with a 30

minutes break after 6 hours. The Factories Act, 1948, otherwise

provides that workers can only be made to work 9 hours in a day-

but 48 hours in a week, with 1 weekly off- thus coming to 8 hours in

a day (sections 51, 52 & 54), with 30 minutes break after 5 hours

(section 55). The notification further provides that no women

workers will be allowed to work between 7pm & 6am.

6. Most alarmingly, the impugned Notification prescribes that no

overtime at double rate will be paid for the extra four hours worked

per day, but rather that overtime work will merely be compensated at

the usual hourly rate. The Notification expressly states that wages

for the extra hours will be paid "in proportion to the existing wages

(e.g., if wages for eight hours are 80 Rupees, then proportionate

wages for twelve hours will be 120 Rupees"). This is blatantly

against section 59 of the Act which mandates that wages must be

paid at double the ordinary rate for hours wor~ed in excess of 9

hours in a day (including 1·hour break) & 48 hours in a week.

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~ 5 7. It is the case of the Petitioners that in purporting to issue the

Impugned Notification under section 5 of the Factories Act, 1948,

the Gujarat Government has acted ultra vires its powers under the

said section. Section 5 empowers State Governments "in a case of

public emergency'' to grant exemption to any factory or class or

description of factories from all or any of the provisions of the Act

(except section 67) for such period and subject to such conditions as

it may think fit, for a period not exceeding three months at a time.

However, the same section provides that "public emergency" means

a grave emergency whereby the security of India or of any part of

the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external

aggression or internal disturbance. It is clear that such an

"emergency" thus only covers emergencies in the nature of physical

and tangible war or conflict. By no stretch of imagination can it be

said to include in its ambit the phenomenon of a vir;:tl disease, albeit

a Pandemic. It is clearly beyond the purview of the section to include

a _global medical pandemic as an "external aggression or internal

disturbance".

8. Further, section 5 only permits exemption to be granted to

"any factory or class or description of factories", whereas the

Impugned Notification grants a blanket exemption to all factories in

the State. On this ground also the Notification is ultra vires the

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6 powers granted under the Act. Therefore, it is amply clear that the

Gujarat Government has misused section 5 to suspend key

provisions of the Factories Act, 1948, which offer basic and

fundamental protections to workers, especially in a time 'where

workers are most vulnerable, economically and socially. '

9. The impugned Notification has been passed under section 5

of the Factories Act, 1948 and not under section 65(2) of the Act.

Section 65(2) permits a State Government to exempt on such

conditions as it or he may deem expedient, any or all of the adult

workers in any factory or group or class or description of factories

from any or all of the provisions of sections 51, 52, 54 and 56 of the

Act on the ground that the exemption is required to "enable the

factory or factories to deal with an exceptional pressure of work'.

Any exemption granted under Section 65, sub-section (2) shall be

subject to the following conditions, namely:

(i) the total number of hours of work in any day shall not

exceed twelve; .

(ii) the spreadover, inclusive bf intervals for rest, shall not

exceed thirteen hours in any one day;

(iii) the total number of hours of work in any week, including

overtime, shall not exceed sixty;

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seven days at a stretch and the total number of hours of

overtime work in any quarter shall not exceed seventy-five.

10. The Petitioners contend that catching up with production lost

during the lockdown would not qualify as "enabling the factory or

factories to deal with an exceptional pressure of wort<', but even

otheiWise and presuming that it does, the present impugned

Notification is ultra vires section 65 also. Section 65(3) lays down a

number of conditions for the granting ol an exemption. Section

65(3)(iii) prohibits the total number of hours of work in any week,

including overtime, from exceeding 60. Thus a 12-hour day can only

be done thrice in a week. The impugned Notification provides for up

to. 72 working hours in a week- i.e, 12 hours a day, 6 days a week.

11. Further and most crucially, section 65(2) does not provide for

an exemption from section 59 of the Act (which mandates for double

pay for overtime worked over and above 8 hours a day I 48 hours in

a week). The direction for no payment of overtime rate for overtime

worked is completely taking away the measly rights available to a

worker who is putting additional effort after a long days work.

Moreover it takes away the incentives workers have for working

overtime and is also a huge financial blow to the workers who are

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8 quite literally risking their lives to ensure the sustenance of the

economy.

12. The Petitioners thus contend that the impugned Notification is

ultra vires the powers· conferred under the Factories Act, 1948 and

in blatant violation of some of the most fundamental and important

previsions of the said Act.

13. The Petitioners further submit that the shocking extension of

working hours is being directed at a time when the most basic

medical and scientific advice to avoid contracting the deadly COVID-

19 is to take rest and stay as healthy as possible. This new regime

ensures the complete opposite. That too as we move into the

monsoon season when disease and viruses are notoriously .

rampant, and most alarmingly for COVID-19, bronchial & lung issues

abound. As per the· notification, these workers will now be

overworked, without being compensated for the same as per law,

which will only ensure that both their physical and mental health

deteriorate. In fact, it would amount to allowing forced labour. In light

of the pandemic, if the State claims that this pandemic is in fact a

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~:"' 9 "public emergency" then allowing forced labour will definitely worsen . the situation instead of improve it.

14. The Petitioners respectfully submit that the tragic trio of

industrial accidents on 7'' May at Vishakapatnam Chattisgarh &

Neyveli are reported to have happened in hazardous industries

being reopened after the lockdown with a skeletal workforce. . .

Manning Industries with tired, exhausted and weak workers will only

invite such further tragedies. In light of the hundreds of lives already

affected, this Notification is simply inviting disasters rather than

mitigating them.

15. The Petitioners respectfully submit that the said notification

quite clearly states that the workers will be not only be grossly

overworked, but the fact that the direction for no payment of

overtime· rate for overtime worked is added, just adds a sordid

element of cruelty to a blatantly illegal notification, all in respect of

the workers who are quite literally risking their lives to ensure the . sustenance of the economy;

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~~ 10 16. The Petitioners respectfully submits that a large number of

studies show that not only do increased working hours not lead to

increased production, but in fact the complete opposite - that tired,

exhausted & weak workers produce less than workers working fewer

hours.

17. The Petitioners states that in view of the above facts they are

filing this Petition under Article 32 directly before this Hon'ble Court

as it involves an important question of law and similar Notifications

have been issued by at least 10 other States throughout India,

Further the Petitioners have come to know that another matter has

been filed before this Hon'ble Cou~ challenging the Notification

impugned herein. Hence judicial propriety requires that this matter

be filed before this Hon'ble Court.

18. The Petitioner has not filed any other Petition under Article

226 or Article 32 before this court or any High Court claiming reliefs

as prayed herein.

19. That this Writ Petition has been filed on the following grounds,

amongst others which are set out without prejudice to each other;

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GROUNDS

A It is respectfully submitted that the Notification ·dated

17.04.2020, is illegal, exploitative, unjust, arbitrary,

unreasonable and violative of statutory rights guaranteed

under the Factories Act, 1948, Minimum Wages Act, 1948 and

various other labour laws as well as the fundamental rights

enshrined in the Constitution of India. The said notification

deserves to be quashed and set aside on the following

grounds:

SECTION 5 OF THE FACTORIES ACT:

a) That the impugned Notification of the Gujarat Labour and

Employment Department has been made under Section 5

of the Factories Act which only permits a State

Government to grant exemption from provisions of the

Factories Act, 1948, "in a case of public emergency" and

the same section defines "public emergency" to mean "a

grave emergency whereby the· security of India or of any

part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or

external aggression or internal disturbance". It is .clear that

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~ 12 such an "emergency" thus only covers emergencies in the

nature of physical and tangible war or conflict;

b) It is submitted that the definition of "public emerg<Oncy" u/s.

5 does include within its ambit the phenomenon of a viral

disease, albeit a Pandemic. It is clearly beyond the pUNiew

of the section to include a global medical pandemic as an

"external aggression or internal disturbance";

c) Further, section 5 of the Fa<;:tories Act, 1948, only permits

a State Government to grant exemption (except from

section 67) "any factory or class or description of factories",

whereas the Impugned Notification grants a blanket

exemption to all factories throughout the State of Gujarat;

d) The Petitioners submit that the Impugned Notification is

thus for the above-set out reasons ultra vires the powers

granted under section 5 of the Act to grant exemptions;

SECTION 65(2) OF THE FACTORIES ACT

e) That although the impugned Notification has been passed

under section 5 of the Factories Act, 1948 and not under

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"" -' 13 section 65(2), even the latter section would not be

applicable in the present scenario, as it only permits

exemption to be granted, on such conditions as .it may

deem expedient, from any or all of the adult workers in any

factory or group or class or description of factories from

any or all of the provisions of sections 51, 52, 54 and 56 of

the Act on the ground that the exemption is required to

"enable the factory or factories to deal with an exceptional

pressure of work';

f) It is submitted that the present Covid-19 scenario cannot

possibly fall within the requirement of "enable the factory or

factories to deal with an exceptional pressure of work';

g) Even otherwise and presuming that it does apply, the

present impugned Notification is ultra vires section 65 also;

h) That section 65(2) of the Factories Act, 1948, only permits

a State Government to grant the exemptions referred to

therein "from any or all of the adult workers in any factory

or group or class or description of factories to "any factory

or class or description of factories", whereas the Impugned

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~- 14 Notification grants a blanket exemption to all factories

throughout the State of Gujarat;

i) Further, Section 65(3) lays down a number of conditions

for the granting of an exemption. Section 65(3)(iii) prohibits

the total number of hours o,f work in any week, including

overtime, from exceeding 60. (Plus the total number of

hours of overtime work in any quarter shall not exceed

seventy-five). Thus a 12-hour day can only be done thrice

in a week. The impugned Notification provides for up to 72

working hours in a week - i.e, 12 hours a day, 6 days a

week.

j) Section 65(2) of the Act does not provide for any

exemption being granted from section 59 of the Act (which

mandates for double pay for overtime worked over and

above 8 hours a day I 48 hours in a week), while the

impugned notification blatantly overrides this;

k) That the Impugned Notification amounts to forced labour

which itself is in violation of Article 23 of the Constitution of

India;

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I) That a large number of studies show that not only do

increased working hours not lead to increased production,

but in fact the complete opposite - that tired, exhausted &

weak workers produce less than workers working fewer

hours;

m)That the impugned Notification further permits the large

extension of working hours at a time when the most basic

medical and scientific advice to avoid contracting the

deadly COVID-19 virus is to take rest and stay as healthy

as possible. This new regime ensures the complete

opposite;

n) It is respectfully submitted, that the tragic trio of industrial

accidents on 7th May at Vishakapatnam Chattisgarh &

Neyveli are reported to have happened in hazardous

industries that were reopened after the lockdown with a

skeletal workforce. Manning industries with tired,

exhausted and weak workers will only invite such further

tragedies;

a) It is submitted that for all the above reasons, the impugned

Notification is thus ultra vires, illegal, exploitative, unjust,

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arbitrary, unr.easonable and violative of statutory rtghts

guaranteed under the Factories Act, 1948, the Minimum

Wages Act, 1948, as well as the fundamental rights

enshrined in the Constitution of India under Articles 14, 21

& '23 of the Constitution of India.

B. The Petitioners have filed this Petition for directions to protect

and safeguard fundamental rights of the workmen under

Articles 14,21 and 23 of the Constitution, since the Petitioners

have no alternate efficacious remedy but to approach this

Hon'ble Court under Article 32 of the. Constitution of India for

the reliefs prayed for herein.

PRAYERS

In· view of the aforesaid, it is respectfully prayed that this Hon'ble

Court may be pleased to:

{a) Issue a writ or certiorari and any other writ, order or

direction and quash/set aside the Notification No. GHRI

2020/56/FAC/1420201346/M3 of the Gujarat Labour and

Employment Department dated 17th April 2020 annexed

above at Annexure~ to be ultra vires the provisions of the . . !L ('"U:>) Factories Act, 1948 and void ab initio;

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(b) Pass any such/ other order(s) as this Hon'ble Court may

deem fit and proper in view of the above.

AND FOR THIS ACT OF KINDNESS THE PETITIONERS AS IN DUTY

BOUND SHALL EVER PRAY.

Drawn and filed by:

APARNABHAT

Advocate for the Applicants I Petitioners

Place: New Delhi

Filed on:20/05/2020

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

ORIGINAL WRIT JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION (CIVIl) NO. OF 2020

IN THE MATTER OF:

Gujaral Mazdoor Sabha ... PETITIONERS

-Versus-

Slate of Gujaral ...RESPONDENT

AFFIDAVIT.

IC6

I, Amrish Narendrabhai Patel, S/o Narendrabhai N. Patel, aged 52 years,

residing al A-201, Sharnam - 3, behind Helvi Tower, Anandnagar Road,

Ahmedabad- 380015, do hereby:solemnly slate and affirm as under:

1. Thal.l am the Secrelary of lhe Pelilioner No. 1 Union in the above

mentioned case and am conversant wlth the facts of the case and have

been duly aulhorlzed by the pellltoner No.1 Union and am competent to

swear thls affidavl!.

2. I have read and under51ood.the contenls of the synopsis and List of dates

at pagell B to ~ and the .contenis of the Wrll Petlllon In paras No. 1 to

~ at p0ges _L to 1£_ ~nd I say thai the conlents thereof are \rue

and correct to the best of my ·knowledge and belief. 1 have elsa read

understood lhe conlenls of the accompanying Interlocutory Appllcallori(s)

and 1 say thai lhe contents thereof are \rue and correct to the best of my

knowledge and belief.

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respective or!glnntu.

tA '''·' .. -~ ~ _/:--_____

DEPONENT

Verlfica!lon:

Verified at Gujarat on this ')_'V day or May 2020, that tho contonlo II tho

above aH\dav\1 are true to my knowledge and bast belief. No part or lilt Ia too

and no material ha? been conC'ealed therefrom.

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20

ANNEXURE -P-1 "C::'J·-c:·:" · .•. '-; ·-._,:·.-· :'

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x·

NOtification labour Jnd Empfoymcnr Oeparlment

Sachlvpleva. Gandhrna'Kar '·· _ . oaie:-17'~_Aprii,21J20.' ._ .-, .

_ ·;::. ·:·:; -~;~~-~-~~~~P/~~~~-f/}.4.l~;;;~~-~~~~i~~-~~~ :;h_~-,:~-~ti_r~me~t_pi}ri,dia~ .. . .·. h_at'.!'l!,~l~_r!,~'-~~-~~~*!1' ~cro'f 'J_ri~_la : ID-• fight:·-ab~f':\.s,L't~~L-Y>;Qi\d.~~Q'e- ·~eh_"dEfnilc' .. \'_;g§,tt{!'}1,1/lf9.s-~; -~,_,_., ... -. ·- -··'-> • . ___ ;. ,·_,...... ,,.,.

"·ANir WHE'!!EAs th~ Govamrru:.nt of I MIG has deCided. tp.prov_i9e cen.'ai·n relaxatle>ns f-:lr indus;rial an~ commercl~l vcli'lities from 20th April, 2020·: '

AND WHEREAS the Govnmrnent of Gujaral has decided that these rela;.;alions will nDI be a>~pllc<~ble tD areas declmed·as hctspots.on:ontain·ment zones in. different Cities of the Slale ant:! the commercial. activities and

- b!,l_sjo.e~.s_E!s:-Can .-~oo_rt funCtioning "from 20th Apni; -2~2Q-'b4.('-N.ith.:)1Ue procSilur~S-~-

·~-~-~~f{~m~r-~~~~:~-~~~~~:~~:11~;. _ ~ _>; :.-~----- ;.>;-}·::,- ·r~:;:_':~-:'-"::~.:S~-< :· .'.<; .. · .. :~;N( I .. . . : '· :: ':"!"~o/·i 1JI~,8~f.ORE;\ln":·~~-r~1.~\'--';0f:- .tt-.1· poWG.tl}P.il.l,lliJ~~?:~Y?§¥il.i:tJo~ -.~i;cil,-tli.~_, ·:·

. . . -;- ,{ftSi'JtrL~~l8i;!~S:(~!~ ~fJt94sJ?ih~:-~~s.tn:~i'~1'. ~!~!!)~#_F~~-~Yi~.\tl~!l;~_lllil\~lf,!~-":.'.' .. · _; ,'. : ·'-- - . ·-fiiiOTfllf:6iii~Wad· uMCIGr- the F1ctarlh ·Ad; l9i"s'ihiirbf, e~iri\liti!f,fi.-6·nW~'rlouS :·.::_-;_

__ _,_

. ··'

_,·:~

.,._ -p~~]1t0111 ·ilo.l•!ins 'o wilkiV'hours, dillY hours, lniiii-Vals' tor ·;.i.i·.•~·b(i.'ci'ult\o/C.ikllii·'- .·' 1mchr llctlc.n Sl, IGC!Ian S<~. l!ction SS ond sectian 56 wlt/l'i:hti 'iOt!Owrn"m "cnditlons lroJT> Z.O" April tlllt!i'• July 2020,- . __

·-{1_]' . NO,:a~~-~-~~':ID~er Jh1!Hre ~l_la1'{ad or nr~ulred lo wOr~-1.11 .. ~ ta.~.i-~.o/'f?:r' ~*(·-~~~~;:_..:-:: :: ._ ,.·.'tWi!l;i.~-h_il.~i!l~~nv ~av a!J~ ~.il;;_en:v ~wo ~-ci".~- t~.il~rj_y~~-o!-~_/:i:')!:::, ·. ·; :; .. ~--- : >:' . .' : __

:- (~):>·.-~~~~~~~!~d'' ~Y~~-~~~;of •d-~lf~_O.~Ji-~~··ln'l. fict~rY-~~--~-~~-~~~JI,-£.~'1~ filllilth~~·no · ,

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t3)· f.lo hinai&.\'~Orken sh~ll be ~llcwed Dr rct~uired to wDr!c In a ia_,l'~rv blitwun:f:IJI) PM ID'6:1JIJ AM.

[4) Wtges shall be In il propDrtlo:'l Di the exlsti~~ wa~e1. (e.g. ltwaees for elsht hours are SO Rupees, then prcporLiDMie w~;gc~ for twelve hcurs will b~ lZO R.uptus).

~y otd~r and In the name Df-the Gcv&rnor of Gujarat, -:_:!--'

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

ORIGINAL CIVIL WRIT JURISDICTION

I.A. NO. OF 2020

IN

WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO.

IN THE MATTER OF:

OF 2020

21

Gujarat Mazdoor Sabha & Anr. ...PETITIONERS

VERSUS

State of Gujarat · ... RESPONDENTS

AN APPLICATION FOR INTERIM DIRECTIONS TO,

THE HON'BLE CHIEF JUSTICE OF INDIA

AND HIS LORDSHIP'S COMPANION JUSTICES OF THE

HON'BLE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH:

THE HUMBLE APPLICATION

OF THE ABOVE NAMED

APPLICANTS I PETITIONERS

1. That the present writ petition under Article 32 of the

Constitution of India is being filed by the Petitioner challenging

the Notification No. GHR/2020/56/FAC/142020/346/M3 dated

171" April 2020 ("impugned notification") issued by the Gujarat

Labour and Employment Department on the grounds that it is

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~ 22 patently illegal, violative and unnaturally unjust of various

fundamental rights, statutory rights and labour .laws.

2. That the Petitioners pray that the averments made in the

accompanying writ petition may be read as part and parcel of

this application. The Petitioners crave leave of this Hon'ble

Court to refer and to rely upon the averments made in the writ

petition which are not being repeated herein for the sake of

brevity.

3. This application is being filed bona fide in the interest of

justice. It is further submitted that no prejudice would be

caused to any of the respondents if the present application is . .

allowed as the balance of convenience lies solely in favour of

the Petitioners. However, if the present application is not

allowed, interest of the Petitioners would be severely

prejudiced .

4. The Petitioner has not filed any other proceedings either

before this Hon'ble Court or any High Court seeking any other

reliefs of a similar nature as prayed for vide the present

application.

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~ .. 23 5. The Petitioners respectfully submit that the impugned

notification quite clearly states that the workers will be not only

be grossly overworked, but the fact that the direction for no

payment of overtime rate for overtime worked is added, just

adds' a sordid element of cruelty to a blatantly illegal

notification, all in respect of the workers who are quite literally

risking their lives to ensure the sustenance of the economy

6. That the amount of work being taken will only ensure

deterioration of physical and mental health of the workmen.

7. That most of the workmen do not have access to even the

most basic medical facilities are literally risking their lives to

ensure the sustenance of the economy.

8. That the shocking extension of working hours is being

directed at a time when the most basic medical and scientific

advice to avoid contracting the deadly COVID-19 is to take

rest and stay as healthy as possible.

PRAYER

It is therefore, most respectfully prayed that this Hon'ble Court may

be pleased to:

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24 (c) Direct that, pending the hearing and final disposal of this

Petition, the operation of Notification No. GHRI

2020156/FAC/1420201346/M3 of the Gujarat Labour and

Employment Department dated 17th April 2020 annexed

as Annexure-A to the Writ Petition be stayed;

(d) Direct that, pending the hearing and final disposal of this

Petition, direct the State Government of Gujarat to ensure

that any overtime worked by workmen in Gujarat on and

after 17th April 2020 is paid at double rate as per section

59 of the Factories Act, 1948;

(e) Pass any such other order or orders as this Hon'ble Court

may deem fit and proper in the facts and circumstances of

the present case.

AND FOR THIS ACT OF KINDNESS THE PETITIONERS AS IN

DUTY BOUND SHALL EVER PRAY.

APARNABHAT

Advocate for the Applicants I Petitioners '

Place: New Delhi

Filed on:20/05/2020

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

ORIGINAL CIVIL WRIT JURISDICTION

I.A. NO. OF 2020

IN

WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. OF 2020

IN THE MAITER OF:

Gujarat Mazdoor Sabha & Anr. ... PETITIONERS

VERSUS

State of Gujarat ... RESPONDENTS

APPLICATION SEEKING EXEMPTION FROM FILING DULY AFFIRMED

AFFIDAVIT AND STAMPED VAKALATNAMA

TO

THE HON'BLE CHIEF JUSTICE OF INDIA

AND HIS LORDSHIP'S COMPANION JUSTICES OF THE

HON'BLE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH:

THE HUMBLE APPLICATION

OF THE ABOVE NAMED

APPLICANT I PETITIONER

1. The Petitioners are filing this Petition to challenge Notification No. GHR/

2020/56/FAC/142020/346/M3 dated 17'" April 2020 issued by the Gujarat

Labour and Employment Department on the grounds that it is patently

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statutory rights and labour laws.

2. That the Applicants are fundamentally interested in the present Writ

Petition <lS the issue of overwork without being compensated for the same

as per law is one directly affecting the sustenance and livelihood of its

members.

3. That due to the prevailing circumsta~ces of COVID-19, the members of

Petitioner No. 2, i.e. Trade Union Centre of India, could not reach their

office in order to obtain their stamp. The Vakalatnama filed along with the

Petition has only been stamped by Petitioner No. 1. Nevertheless, it is

submitted that both the Petitioners have filed their Registration certificates.

4. That it is prayed that in the prevailing circumstances, the Petitioner be

exempted from filing duly stamped vakalatnama for the time being.

5. That the affidavits could also not be affirmed by the concerned authority.

Therefore, it is prayed that in the prevailing circumstances, exemption from

filihg duly affirmed affidavits be granted for the time being.

6. That it is undertaken that the deficit court fees will be paid subsequently

once prevailing circumstances are clear.

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In the facts and circumstances, it is most respectfully prayed that this Hon'ble •

Court may be pleased to:

A. Grant exemption from filing duly affirmed affidavits in the prevailing

circumstances; ~ ~d ro,.,.j ~

B. Grant exemption from filing duly stamped vakalatnama,under the prevailing

circumstances;

C. Pass such other order(s) as this Hon'ble Court may deem fit and proper in

the facts and circumstances of the case.

AND FOR THIS ACT OF KINDNESS, THE APPLICANTS I PETITIONERS

AS IN DUTY BOUND SHALL EVER PRAY.

Filed by:

APARNABHAT

Advocate for the Applicants/ Petitioners

Place: New Delhi

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To,

The Registrar,

Supreme Court of India,

Bhagwan Das Road,

New Delhi.

Re: Dy. No. 11439 of2020 Gujrat Mazdoor Sabha & Anr. Vs. State ofGujrat

Sub: Letter regarding defects.

Sir,

'].,i? 27.05.2020

This is with reference to the aforementioned Petition. The aforementioned Petition

was filed before this Hon'ble Court on 1.;>.~. 1.• and the defects were notified in this

matter on J,J ·OS'·J•.

That one of the defects is to clarify if the matter is a PIL. Regarding the same, it is

clarified that the matter is not a PIL.

Rest of the defects iri the matter have been cured. Kindly list the present Petition at my

risk.

Sincerely,

ApamaBhat

Advocate for the Petitioner

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To,

The Registrar,

Supreme Court of India,

Bhagwan Das Road,

New Delhi.

Re: Dy. No. 11439 of2020 Gujrat Mazdoor Sabha & Anr. Vs. State of Gujrat

Sub: Letter of Urgency

Sir,

~ 27.05.2020

This is with reference to the aforementioned Petition. The aforementioned Petition

was filed before this Hon 'ble Court on 2.:,, f. 'ln10 and was refiled after curing the

defects on .§' 1. OS·').o.

The Application is of grave urgency as the aforementioned Petition is regarding the

issue of overwork without being compensated for the same. Due to the increased

working hours, the hardships faced by the workmen have also increased which

demands that the matter be listed urgently.

Therefore, I request you to kindly register the matter as early as possible so that it can

come up for hearing.

Sincerely,

Apama Bhat

Advocate for the Petitioner

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