EXPLORING THE CELL

WHAT IS A CELL? A cell is the basic unit of life.

CELL THEORY The development and enhancement

of microscopes made the observation and description of microscopic organisms and living cells possible.

3 PARTS TO THE CELL THEORY The cell is the basic unit of life. All living things are made of cells. Cells come from pre-existing cells.

ROBERT HOOKE 1665 Looked at cork under the microscope

and saw tiny empty chambers that he called cells.

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK 1674 Improved the microscope First to see single celled organisms

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN 1838 All plants are made up of cells.

THEODOR SCHWANN 1839 All animals are made up of cells

RUDOLPH VIRCHOW 1855 Proposed that all cells come from

existing cells, completing the cell theory.

TYPES OF CELLS2 Types of Cells

ProkaryoteEukaryote

PROKARYOTIC CELLS The simplest life forms Unicellular Exist in two major forms: eubacteria and

archaebacteria. Lack a nucleus and membrane bound

organelles. Example: Bacteria

EUKARYOTIC CELLSEukaryotes arose

from prokaryotes and became larger more complex.

Eukaryotes contain a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a membrane.

EUKARYOTIC CELLS Can be unicellular or multicellular Contain a nucleus in which their genetic

material is separated from the rest of the cell.

Examples: plants, animals, fungi, and protists

EXAMPLES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS

SUMMARY OF FAMOUS INDIVIDUALS

Robert Hooke- observed that cork has small chambers which he called “cells”.

Anton van Leeuwenheok- helped improved the first microscope

Matthais Schleiden- all plants are made up of cells.

Theodor Schwann- all animals are made up of cells.

Rudolph Virchow- discovered that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

SUMMARY OF CELLS Basic unit of life. Cell theory

All living things are composed of cellsCells are the basic units of structure and

function in living thingsNew cells are produced from existing cells

PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTES Prokaryotes

Do not contain a nuclei Smaller and simpler than eukaryotes Do contain genetic material Unicellular only Example: bacteria

Eukaryotes Contain a nucleus, which contains their

genetic material Larger and more complex than prokaryotes Unicellular and multicellular Examples: plants, animals, fungi, and protists