第 8 章 电动机
DESCRIPTION
第 8 章 电动机. 8.1 三相异步电动机的结构及转动原理 8.2 三相异步电动机的电磁转矩和机械特性 8.3 三相异步电动机的运行与控制 8.4 三相异步电动机的选择与使用 8.5 单相异步电动机 8.6 直流电动机. 他励. 并励. 串励. 复励. 电动机概述. 电机按能量转换分: 发电机和电动机（马达）. 电动机的作用是将电能转换为机械能。现代各种生产机械都广泛应用电动机来驱动。. 1、电动机的分类：. 直流电机. 电动机. 同步机. 交流电机. 单相. 异步机. 三相. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6
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1:
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21
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2
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3
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3---------
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8.1 8.1.1
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110.5mm
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2
U1 V1 W1
W2 U2 V2
W2 U2 V2
U1 V1 W1
U1 V1 W1
U2 V2 W2
U1 V1 W1
(a) (b)
U2 V2 W2
U1 V1 W1
W2 U2 V2
W2 U2 V2
U1 V1 W1
U1 V1 W1
U2 V2 W2
U1 V1 W1
(a) (b)
U2 V2 W2
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21
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2
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333
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8.1.2
iC
iB
iA
X
C
A
Z
B
Y
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(a) t = 0 (b) t = 120 (c) t = 240
A
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
B
Y
Y
Y
C
C
C
Z
Z
Z
t
i
iA
iB
iC
O
120 240 360
_1101016757.unknown
_1101016937.unknown
_1101016648.unknown
iC
iB
iA
X
C
A
Z
B
Y
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(1)(2)
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1
t
i
iA
iB
iC
O
120 240 360
_1101016757.unknown
_1101016937.unknown
_1101016648.unknown
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(a) t = 0 (b) t = 120 (c) t = 240
A
A
A
X
X
X
B
B
B
Y
Y
Y
C
C
C
Z
Z
Z
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2n01f1=50HZr/min:
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2p=1
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50HZn0 n0f1p
p123456n0300015001000750600500
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3A-B-C()
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:,,,,,,8.1.3
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1FF
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2 nn0
- sn=0s=10
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1 2n=980r/minp= n0= r/mins= 310002%
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e1e2 e1e2 8.2 8.2.1
+
u1
e1
e1
e2
e2
i2
i1
_1101385931.unknown
_1101705693.unknown
_1101705896.unknown
_1101705962.unknown
_1101705310.unknown
_1101385797.unknown
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1
+
u1
e1
e1
e2
e2
i2
i1
_1101385931.unknown
_1101705693.unknown
_1101705896.unknown
_1101705962.unknown
_1101705310.unknown
_1101385797.unknown
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21f2n=0s=1f2f2= f1s=1%~9%f2=0.5HZ ~ 4.5HZ
+
u1
e1
e1
e2
e2
i2
i1
_1101385931.unknown
_1101705693.unknown
_1101705896.unknown
_1101705962.unknown
_1101705310.unknown
_1101385797.unknown
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2E20=4.44f1N2mn=0E2f2= f1
+
u1
e1
e1
e2
e2
i2
i1
_1101385931.unknown
_1101705693.unknown
_1101705896.unknown
_1101705962.unknown
_1101705310.unknown
_1101385797.unknown
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3n=0
+
u1
e1
e1
e2
e2
i2
i1
_1101385931.unknown
_1101705693.unknown
_1101705896.unknown
_1101705962.unknown
_1101705310.unknown
_1101385797.unknown
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4s=0I2=0
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u1
e1
e1
e2
e2
i2
i1
_1101385931.unknown
_1101705693.unknown
_1101705896.unknown
_1101705962.unknown
_1101705310.unknown
_1101385797.unknown
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sI2ss1I2SI2
I2
I2
O
s
1
+
u1
e1
e1
e2
e2
i2
i1
_1101385931.unknown
_1101705693.unknown
_1101705896.unknown
_1101705962.unknown
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_1101385797.unknown
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4sS
EMBED Equation.3
EMBED Equation.3
0
s
1
_1102146918.unknown
_1102153707.unknown
_1102154554.unknown
_1102146909.unknown
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I2 EMBED Equation.3
I2
EMBED Equation.3
O
s
1
_1102146918.unknown
_1102153707.unknown
_1102154554.unknown
_1102146909.unknown
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50HZ1425r/minR2=0.03X20=0.09E1/E20=11220V
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8.2.2 1,
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TI2cos2 I2cos2
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I2 cos2U1
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K TsU1TR2
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10%123I24cos24cos2
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T s s T s s Ts
sm
s
T
c
O
b
T
n
n0
Tmax
a
Tq
TN
nN
1
O
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T n
sm
s
T
c
O
b
T
n
n0
Tmax
a
Tq
TN
nN
1
O
sm
s
T
Tmax
c
(a) T=f(s) (b) n=f(T)
O
b
T
n
n0
Tmax
a
Tst
TN
TN
Tst
nN
1
O
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TT0TL T0T2T2TT2=TLT=TL2
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31t
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P2P2Wrad/sT2Nmnr/skWr/min
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TN (Y132M-4) 7.5kw, 1440r/min,
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2 sm Tmax
sm
s
T
Tmax
c
(a) T=f(s) (b) n=f(T)
0
b
T
n
n0
Tmax
a
Tst
TN
TN
Tst
nN
1
0
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U1R2
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06~7() 1.8~2.2
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3n=0s=1Tst U1R2R2
c
N
O
b
T
n
n0
Tmax
a
Tst
TN
nN
M
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Tst>TLTstTN 1~2.0
c
N
O
b
T
n
n0
Tmax
a
Tst
TN
nN
M
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PN=45kWnN=2970r/min=2.2 st=2.0TL=200Nm1231TNTL,3Tst>TL,
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8.2.3 U1R2n=f(T)mechanical characteristic
sm
s
T
Tmax
c
(a) T=f(s) (b) n=f(T)
O
b
T
n
n0
Tmax
a
Tst
TN
TN
Tst
nN
1
O
- TL TL >T n TT=TLTL TL
- 2bcTL TL >T n T n TL TL
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1 Tst TL cb Tmax baT=TL2baba
c
N
O
b
T
n
n0
Tmax
a
Tst
TN
nN
M
_1102143120.unknown
_1102143150.unknown
_1102053302.unknown
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3 Tm T= TL 474baba
c
N
O
b
T
n
n0
Tmax
a
Tst
TN
nN
M
_1102143120.unknown
_1102143150.unknown
_1102053302.unknown
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ab R2R2
c
O
b
T
n
n0
TN
a
Tst
Tmax
nN
Tst
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8.3 8.3.1 Ist 1Ist
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Tst2TstIstIN5-7
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110kw20
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21Y- 2
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1Y-Y-Y
Y
W1
V1
U2
U1
V2
W2
QS1
QS2
_1215498058.unknown
_1215498138.unknown
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FU1
SB1
FR
SB2
FU2
KM1
FR
3
QS
M
3
KM1
KM1
KM3
KT
KM2
KM2
KM3
KT
KT
KM3
KM2
U1
V1
W1
W2
U2
V2
KM3
_1102831404.bin
_1102831526.bin
_1102831305.bin
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QS2YQS1YQS2
Y
W1
V1
U2
U1
V2
W2
QS1
QS2
_1215498058.unknown
_1215498138.unknown
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UL|Z| YY- 1/3
Y
W1
V1
U2
U1
V2
W2
QS1
QS2
_1215498058.unknown
_1215498138.unknown
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1/3
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7-16
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2 406080
QS2
EMBED Equation.3
_1215505859.unknown
_1215505907.unknown
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U1|Z|kU2Ist Ist I2
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3 RR R2
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Y225M-412SN3TNTmaxTst4~100KW380V
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231
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4Y-TN80%50%4
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TN80%50%80%, TL50%TL
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64% IstTstIstTst
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8.3.2 speed regulation
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1p1234
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250Hz:
f
f=50HZ
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3
M
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_1101016757.unknown
_1101016937.unknown
_1101016648.unknown
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U1=U1NfUU u/f U=E=4.44fN
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8.3.3
FU1
SB1
FR
SB2
FU2
KM1
FR
3
QS
M
3
KM1
KM1
SB3
KM2
KM2
KM2
W
V
U
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8.3.4
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1
M
3
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n0=0
n
F
M
3
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n0=0
n
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2
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n0
n
F
M
3
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3
n0
n>n0
n
F
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8.4.1 8.4
Y110 L4 2.2kW 50Hz
380V 15.4A
1420r/min B
0.82 34kg
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11Y 2110mm3LLMS444p=2
Y110 L4 2.2kW 50Hz
380V 15.4A
1420r/min B
0.82 34kg
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P2P1 2
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3380/220 Y/380VY220V 5
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4Y56n0=1500r/min
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7
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8S1S2S390.70.90.20.3
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1011
U1 V1 W1
W2 U2 V2
W2 U2 V2
U1 V1 W1
U1 V1 W1
U2 V2 W2
U1 V1 W1
(a) (b)
U2 V2 W2
U1 V1 W1
W2 U2 V2
W2 U2 V2
U1 V1 W1
U1 V1 W1
U2 V2 W2
U1 V1 W1
(a) (b)
U2 V2 W2
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Y225M-4 P2N=45kW,nN=1480r/minUN=380VN=92.3%cosN=0.88 Ist/IN=7.0, Tst/TN=1.9Tmax/TN=2.2 1) IN 2) sN 3) TN Tmax Tst 1):
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2nN=1480r/min p=2 3
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8.4.2
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8.4.3
140
2
3
4
5
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8.5
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= m sint8.5.1
M
1
C
i2
i1
(a) (b)
0
(
t
-
t1
t8
t7
t6
t
t5
t1
O
t2
N
t2
t3
t4
i
t5
t4
n
S
t7
t6
t8
t3
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- +
+ -
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t
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0
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+ -
235 270 315 360
45 90 135 180
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+ -
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s+(1)s-1
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t
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0
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+ -
235 270 315 360
45 90 135 180
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+ -
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T T T-T
T
T
T''
T'"
1
0
0
2
2
s"
s'
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8.5.2 1AXBYC
M
1
C
i2
i1
4590 360
(a) (b)
0
i2
i1
i
t
t
i
i1
i2
0
90 180 360
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t
i
i1
i2
0
90 180 360
A
X
Y
B
-
X
B
A
Y
Y
t=0 t=45 t=90
X
B
X
Y
A
A
B
t
i
i1
90
i2
0
180
45
X
B
A
Y
Y
t=0 t=45 t=90
X
B
X
Y
A
A
B
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75%80%
M
1
C
i2
i1
4590 360
(a) (b)
0
i2
i1
i
t
-
i1i2 90
t
i
i1
90
i2
0
180
45
M
1
C
i2
i1
4590 360
(a) (b)
0
i2
i1
i
t
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i1i2 90
X
B
A
Y
Y
t=0 t=45 t=90
X
B
X
Y
A
A
B
t
i
i1
90
i2
0
180
45
X
B
A
Y
Y
t=0 t=45 t=90
X
B
X
Y
A
A
B
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2
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1234123
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12341234Y-56IstTNTstTmax
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1
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2
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3