1395

. . -. (OpusCaementitum) Cementum . Cementum . . - .

2000 . 700 . (-) . . - - . . pozzoli Roman Pantheon ColsseumBasilica of Constantine Pont du Gard

( (Pont du gard -

Colosseum

1890

. . . . ., , - 100 1312

( 1500) ()

c

1500

c

. 1500

1600 1300 5 0.15 6% -- 3

c

100 350 -- 150 650 -- 350 600 900

ccc

c

c

1250 1280 1280

ccc

1400 1500 100

ccc

-----------> + -----------> ( ) -----------> + -----------> + + -----------> ++ +

Ca co3 Sio2 Al2o3 Fe2o3 %6 -2

(Cao,Sio2,Al2o3,Fe2o3,>90% )

Cao---------------------------------> Sio2+AL2O3----------------------> Fe2o3-----------------------------> So3-------------------------------> + +

% 67- 60CCao25- 17SSio28 -3AAl2o36 0.5F Fe2o34 0.1M Mgo 1.3- 0.2 N Na2oK K2o3 - 1SSO3

-

,Al2o3(A),Fe2o3(F), ,Cao(C),Sio2(S) So3 ASTM C150 ----------------------> Mgo +H2o ----------------------> Mg(OH)2 Cao+H2o-------------------------> Ca(OH)2 Mgo Cao

So3< 3%

Mgo < 6% ASTM C-150 Cao 3% Cao ( ) (K2o & Na2o) . 0.6% >(K2o 0.658+ Na2o )L O I 1000 CO2 c

CO2 1000 ASTM C 150 L.O.I. 3% for O.P.C.

c

C3S3 CaO.SiO2 C2S2CaO.SiO2 C3A3CaO. Al2O3 C4AF4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3

1 ) 2 ) 3 )

C3S Mgo Al2o3 Cao

C3S C2S

: C4AF C2AF C6AF C4AF

XRD X 10% XRD

C3S C2S C4AF C4AF

C3S = 4.07 CaO-7.60 SiO2-6.72 Al2O3-1.43 Fe2O3-2.85 SO3C2S = 2.87 SiO2-0.75 C3SC3A =2.65 Al2O3-1.69 Fe2O3C4 AF =3.04 Fe2O3

) 3 CaO.SiO2 (C3S (2 CaO.SiO2 (C2S ( > 7 )

( 3 CaO.AL2O3 (C3A C3A

(4 CaO.AL2O3.Fe2o3 (C4AF

Alite (1; dark brown). Belite (2; bright brown). Ferrite (3; white).Aluminate (4; blue). With preparation resin filled pores (5). Inclusionsof round, earlier formed belite in the alite crystals (see arrows).

C3SC2SC3AC4AF

ASTM C3SC2SC3AC4AF I5519910 II 5223712 ( ) III 5615128 C3S C3A C2S IV 3046513C2S V 4336412C3A< %5 2C3A+C4AF< %25

C-H

2Ca3SiO5+6H2o Ca3Si2O4(OH)6+3Ca(OH)2 2Ca2SiO4+4H2o Ca3Si2O4(OH)6+Ca(OH)2 Ca3Al2O6+6H2o Ca3(Al(OH)6)2 Hydrogarnet Ca4Al2Fe2O10+7H2o Ca3(Al(OH)6)2 +Fe2o3+Ca(OH )2

43

A B C D

1 2.1 28% 0.015 0.020 ( ) 12.5 . W/C

70 80 C3S C2S

( C-S-H ) C3S C2S 2Ca3SiO5+6H2o Ca3Si2O4(OH)6+3Ca(OH)2 2Ca2SiO4+4H2o Ca3Si2O4(OH)6+Ca(OH)2

C3S ( )C2S ()C3A ( )( ) C3A ()

C3A 5%

Ca3Al2O6+3CaSo4+32H2o [Ca3(Al(OH)6).12H2O].(SO4)3.2H2o Ettringite

C4AF C6AF C4AF C6A2F. C2(AF) C2(AF) MgO

Ca4Al2Fe2O10+7H2o Ca3(Al(OH)6)2 +Fe2o3+Ca(OH )2

() 100 - 85 50% 1 3 75% C3S C3A

Cal/gr120C3S62C2S

207C3A

100C4AF

Hydration(cal/gr)=120*(%C3S)+62*(%C2S)+207*(%C3A)+100*(C4AF)

()

95% 45 15 75 45

cm2/ gr , m2/kg ( ) 1.8

(Normal Consistency) 30 - 20 mm 10 3

( ) (Flash set): C3A

: (Caso4 1/2H2o ) (Caso4) (Caso4 2H2o )

Ca(OH)2 C3S (Caco3)

(Soundness) Mgo Mgo Cao Cao Mgo

1 + 3 +

( )

ASTM- ASTM .- ASTM C-150 . - ASTM C-595 .- ASTM C-1157 .

ASTM C-150 ASTM C-595 () .ASTM C-1157 . ASTM C-1157 1992 .

ASTM .1- 2- 3- 4- 5- ASTM C150 ASTM C-595 .

. . 1948 . 2000,2004,2005,2007,2009,2011,2012,2015 . .

.

C3A