გამოხატვის თავისუფლება...
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მედიის მდგომარეობის ანალიზი 2006 წლის იავარი - 2013 წლის სექტემბერიTRANSCRIPT
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saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba saqarTveloSi
mediis mdgomareobis analizi
2006 wlis ianvari - 2013 wlis seqtemberi
2013 weli
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G-MEDIA programa xorcieldeba amerikeli xalxis mxardaWeriT, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saa-gentos meSveobiT.
winamdebare dokumentis Sinaarsi da masSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebe-bi ekuTvnis saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacias da ar asaxavs aSS-is mTavrobis, USAID-is an IREX-is Sexedulebebs.
kvlevis avtorebi:
kvlevis asistentebi:
redaqtori:
teq. redaqtori:
gamocemaze pasuxismgebeli:
naTia kapanaZemariam gogosaSvili
naTia SengeliZemariam gaiparaSvili
xaTuna yviralaSvili
irakli svaniZe
kaxa koJoriZe
aiwyo da dakabadonda saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciaSi.j. kaxiZis q.15 Tbilisi 0102 saqarTvelo(+995 32) 295 23 53, 293 61 01
akrZalulia aq moyvanili masalebis gadabeWdva, gamravleba an gavrceleba komerciuli mizniT, asociaciis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------© 2013, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia
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s a r C e v i
Sesavali .............................................................................................. 7
1. gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis sakanonmdeblo regulaciebi ........................................................................... 11
1.1. saerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba da evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika ......................................................... 11
1.2. erovnuli kanonmdebloba ................................................... 16
2. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ganxorcielebuli mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ................................................ 19
2.1. ssip sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis sameurveo sabWos formirebis wesi ...................................................... 19
2.2. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba sakabelo qseliT mauwyeblobis licenziis Taobaze ..... 20
2.3. sareklamo drois limitebis gazrda .............................. 22
2.4. media mflobelebis gamWvirvaloba ................................. 23
2.5. Must carry/Must offer ............................................................... 25
2.6. foto, video, audio gadaReba sasamarTloSi ............... 27
2.7. aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saxelmwifo televiziis statusi ............................................................ 29
2.8. rekomendaciebi informaciis xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebisaTvis _ `partnioroba Ria mmarTvelobisTvis” (OGP) ................................................... 31
3. saerTaSoriso/arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sefasebebi saqarTveloSi mediis Tavisuflebis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT ...................................................... 34
3.1. saerTaSoriso organizacia `reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe“ ................................................................ 34
3.2. saerTaSoriso organizacia “Freedom House” ................. 35
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3.3. gaeros warmomadgenlis moxseneba ................................... 36
3.4. `mediis mdgradobis indeqsi 2013”-is statistika da Sefasebebi .......................................................................... 37
4. saqarTveloSi mediis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis ZiriTadi tendenciebis analizi ....................................... 39
4.1. mediis Tavisuflebis SezRudva sajaro informaciis gamoTxovnis procesSi ............................... 39
4.2. Jurnalisturi saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas gamovlenili xelSeSla ....................................................... 52
4.3. Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSlis gamo, erovnul doneze warmoebuli saqmeebis mimoxilva .... 54
4.4. JurnalistTa SromiTi uflebebis darRveva ................ 76
4.5. mediis regulireba saarCevno periodSi ........................ 78
reziume ............................................................................................. 80
5. mediis uflebebis dacva saqarTveloSi ......................... 82
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centri .................. 82
daskvna .............................................................................................. 83
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mniSvnelovani mignebebi:
saqarTveloSi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebze saerTaSoriso organizaciebis, saxalxo damcvelis, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciisa da ad-gilobrivi mediasaSualebebis gamoxmaurebebis Seswav-lis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom qveyanaSi gamoxatvis Tavi-suflebis SezRudva umeteswilad xdeba Jurnalistebi-saTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi ukanono xelSeSliT;
saqarTveloSi 2011-2012 wlebSi Jurnalisturi saqmi-anobis xelSeSlis maRali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda. me-diis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli ukanono qmedebebis didi nawili kvlavac gamosaZiebelia;
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsidan Jurnalis-tis profesiul saqmianobas icavs mxolod erTi muxli, romlis Sinaarsi dasaxvewia, radgan ar moicavs profe-siul saqmianobaSi xelSeSlis bevr SemTxvevas. profe-siul saqmianobaSi xelSeSlis wamaxalisebeli faqtori SesaZlebelia iyos JurnalistTa winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis niSnebis Semcveli qmedebebis gamoZiebis araefeqturoba;
gamokveTilia JurnalistTa SromiTi uflebebis dar-Rvevis faqtebi, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, ganpirobebulia savaraudo politikuri motivebiT da ara Jurnaliste-bis mxridan SromiTi xelSekrulebis, Sinaganawesis da sxva msgavsi danawesebis SeusruleblobiT;
daZabuli winasaarCevno garemo da gamwvavebuli poli-tikuri procesi uaryofiTad aisaxeba Tavisufali me-diis Seuferxeblad funqcionirebaze;
miuxedavad gaumjobesebisa, dasaxvewia mediis saqmiano-bis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba;
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, romelic sajaro infor-maciis gacemis valdebulebas adgens, ar Seicavs saTa-nado regulaciebs, rac, erTi mxriv, naTlad gansaz-Rvravda sajaro dawesebulebis Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis pirTa pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs informaciis ukanon-od gaucemlobis SemTxvevaSi, xolo meore mxriv, dain-teresebul pirs (am SemTxvevaSi, Jurnalists) sakuTari uflebisaTvis brZolis efeqtur meqanizmebs SesTavaze-bda.
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rekomendaciebi:
unda moxdes media sferos maregulirebeli kanonmde-blobis Semdgomi daxvewa. profesiuli saqmianobis ganx-orcielebisas Jurnalistebis ukeT dasacavad, saWiroa sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi Sesabamisi cvli-lebis Setana. amasTan, mizanSewonili iqneba sanqciis gamkacrebac.
samarTaldamcavma organoebma saTanado gulisxmiere-biT, droulad da obieqturad unda gamoiZion Jurnal-istTa winaaRmdeg Cadenili TiToeuli danaSauli.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobam naTlad unda gansazRv-ros im pirTa pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi, romlebmac ukanonod ar gasces sajaro informacia. sajaro dawe-sebulebebma TiToeul msgavs SemTxvevaze Sesabamisi reagireba unda moaxdinon (magaliTad, disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis dawyeba Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piris mimarT), raTa praqtikaSi sabolood ganmtkicdes is, rac kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrulia - sajaro in-formaciis gacema ar aris sajaro dawesebulebis keTi-li neba, aramed es aris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani valde-buleba.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam, politikosebma da sajaro moxeleebma mudmivad unda iTanamSromlon mediasTan. Tavis mxriv, mediis warmomadgenlebma maTi interesis dakmayofilebis safuZvliT, xeli ar unda SeuSalon sajaro pirebs kanoniT dakisrebuli funqciebis je-rovnad ganxorcielebaSi. sasurvelia, Tu ganisazRvre-ba urTierTobis zogadi standarti - erTiani rekomen-dacia yvela sajaro moxelisa da JurnalistisaTvis.
mniSvnelovania, rom daculi iqnes JurnalistTa Sromi-Ti uflebebi; sasurvelia, media saSualebebma SeimuSaon SromiTi kontraqtis saerTo standartebi, rac daqi-ravebulebs SromiTi uflebebis dacvis met samarT-lebriv garantiebs miscems.
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Sesavali
yoveli adamianis ufleba, miiRos da gaavrcelos informa-cia, mediis efeqturi muSaobiT miiRweva.
Tavisufali da damoukidebeli media saWiroa demokrati-uli sazogadoebis efeqturi funqcionirebisTvis.
demokratiuli mmarTveloba emyareba moqalaqeTa unars, mi-iRon racionaluri gadawyvetilebebi, rac aseve moiTxovs Tavisufali mediis mier zusti informaciis gavrcelebas. media ara mxolod aadvilebs komunikacias, aramed aaSkara-vebs problemebs da svams sajaro pirTa pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs. media aris gadamwyveti ekonomikuri zrdisTvisac, radgan is aris pasuxismgebeli informaciis miwodebaze da gamWvirvalobis xelSemwyobi.1
Tumca, gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom mediis saqmianoba ar aris SeuzRudavi. adamianis uflebaTa evro-puli sasamarTlos mier SemoRebuli standartis2 mixed-viT, presam ar unda daarRvios dadgenili sazRvrebi, gan-sakuTrebiT sxvebis reputaciisa da konfidencialuri in-formaciis dacvis mizniT. amasTan, mis movaleobad rCeba in-formaciisa da ideebis gavrceleba sajaro interesis nebi-smier saganze, Tavis valdebulebebTan Sesabamisi formiT.
presas aqvs gavrcelebis, xolo sazogadoebas - miRebis ufleba. sxvagvarad, presa ver SeZlebda „sazogadoebrivi darajis“ umniSvnelovanesi funqciis Sesrulebas.
mniSvnelovania, rom amgvari funqciis ganxorcielebisas media sargeblobdes sazogadoebis ndobiT da mxardaWeriT. „kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centris“ mier 2010 wels gamoqveynebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, Jurnalistebisadmi fiq-sirdeba ufro maRali ndoba (6.35), vidre gaerosadmi (5.81), evrokavSirisa (5.98) da natosadmi (6.14). Jurnalistebze me-tad respondentebi endobian saxalxo damcvels (7.02), mas-wavleblebs (7.67), jars (7.84), eklesias (9.02).3
1 http://globopress.wordpress.com/2011/07/02/მედიის-როლი-განვითარება/ საერთაშორისო მედია თანამშრომლობის ცენტრის” სამუშაო ჯგუფის დასკვნა2 „თურგეისონი ისლანდიის წინააღმდეგ“, პ. 633 „ მედია და მოსახლეობა - ნდობის დეფიციტი“ 2010 წელი 24 თებერვალი http://www.epfound.ge/files/epf_feb_24_2010.pdf მაქსიმალური ქულა 10
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erovnul-demokratiuli institutis 2012 wlis monaceme-biT ki, mosaxleobis mxolod meoTxedi endoba or umsxviles arxs („imeds“ da „rusTavi 2-s“). sazogadoebriv mauwyebels, mis konkurentebTan SedarebiT, odnav naklebad endobian.4
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia miiCnevs, rom gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs qveyanaSi mediis damcavi meqanizmebis arsebobas, raTa moxdes mediis kidev ufro da-moukidebel da Tavisufal rgolad Camoyalibebis xelSewy-oba. presis [mediis] Tavisufleba sazogadoebas sTavazobs erTaderT saukeTeso saSualebas - Seiqmnas Sexeduleba misi politikuri liderebis ideebisa da poziciebis Sesaxeb. ker-Zod, igi sTavazobs politikosebs SesaZleblobas, ifiqron da komentari gaakeTon sazogadoebrivi azrisa da sazoga-doebaSi arsebuli Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. amgvarad, media saSualebas aZlevs TiToeul adamians, monawileoba miiRos Tavisufal politikur debatebSi, romelic demokratiuli sazogadoebis ideis arss warmoadgens.5
amdenad, qveyanaSi demokratiuli procesebis ganviTarebi-saTvis udidesi roli ekisreba xelisuflebis mier gamox-atvis Tavisuflebis realizebis xelSewyobas, Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo sistemis formirebas, mediasTan urTier-Tobis politikis Camoyalibebas. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom politikuri liderebis mier gakeTebuli uaryofiTi gancxadebebi, mediis mimarT gamoTqmuli mesijebi myisi-erad aisaxeba rigiT sajaro moxeleebze da gavlenas axdens maT qcevaze.
Tavis mxriv, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis standartebis cvli-lebaze mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas axdens arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianoba da mediis warmomadgenlebis aqtivoba. aqedan gamomdinare, kvlevis farglebSi samuSao jgufis mier aqcenti swored aRniSnul sakiTxebze gakeTda.
evropuli sasamarTlos mier ganxiluli saqmeebis mixed-viT, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli niS-
4 ეროვნულ-დემოკრატიული ინსტიტუტი/კავკასიის კვლევითი რესურსების ცენტრი: საზოგადოებრივი აზრი საქართველოში 2012 წლის ივნისი http://www.civil.ge/files/files/2012/NDI-June2012-Survey-ENG.pdf5 „კასტელსი ესპანეთის წინააღმდეგ“, პ. 43
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nebi SegviZlia or nawilad gavyoT: pirveli niSani moicavs informaciis miRebis uflebas, rac mniSvnelovnadaa da-kavSirebuli mediis damoukidebel muSaobasTan. gamoxat-vis Tavisuflebis meore maxasiaTebeli niSania misi Zalian axlo kavSiri Sekrebis TavisuflebasTan. saqmeSi Eva Molnar v. Hungry 2008 sasamarTlom ganacxada:
„sasamarTlo aseve xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom Sekrebebis Ta-visuflebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi mizania sajaro de-batebisa da protestis gamoxatvis SesaZleblobis uzrun-velyofa. pirad mosazrebaTa gamoxatvis dacva, romelic garantirebulia me-10 muxliT, konvenciis me-11 muxlSi asaxuli mSvidobiani Sekrebis erT-erTi mizania.“6
saqarTveloSi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis ZiriTadi ten-denciebis gamokveTis mizniT, kvlevis jgufma yuradReba gaamaxvila mis erT-erT ZiriTad niSanze _ mediis saqmi-anobis Tavisuflebaze.
winamdebare kvlevis mizania:
• gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebze (mediis kuTx-iT) qveyanaSi arsebuli xarvezebis gamovlena;
• mediis Tavisufali saqmianobis xelSewyoba saqarT-veloSi.
kvlevis momzadebisas gamoyenebul iqna Semdegi meTodi:
• saqarTveloSi mediis saqmianobis analizi. kerZod, Seswavlil iqna Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi ukanon-od xelSeSlis faqtebi da sasamarTlos mier mediis warmomadgenlebis mier warmoebul davebTan dakav-SirebiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi;
• gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis dacvisTvis umniSvnelova-nesi normatiuli aqtebis Seswavla da maTSi ganxor-cielebuli cvlilebebis analizi;
• saqarTveloSi mediis mdgomareobis Taobaze saer-TaSoriso Sefasebebis analizi.
6 „გამოხატვის თავისუფლება“ - ტობი მინდელი, სამართლისა და დემოკრატიის ცენტრის აღმასრულებელი დირექტორი. თბილისი 2012 წელი. გვ 13
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kvlevis momzadebisas gamoyenebul iqna Semdegi resursebi:
• normatiuli masala;
• veb-resursebi;
• saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris warmoe-baSi arsebuli saqmeebi. saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia 1994 wlidan muSaobs adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebze, Sesabamisad, gamox-atvis Tavisuflebis ZiriTadi tendenciebis iden-tificirebis mizniT, kvlevis ganmaxorcielebelma jgufma aqtiurad gamoiyena saiaSi daculi informa-cia, maT Soris, saias mier gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebze gamoqveynebuli oficialuri gancxade-bebi, JurnalistTa uflebebis dacvis mizniT war-moebuli saqmeebi.
kvlevis periodia: 2006 wlis ianvari - 2013 wlis seqtemberi.
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1. gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis sakanonmdeblo regulaciebi
1.1. saerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba da evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, romelic moicavs informaci-is miRebisa da gavrcelebis uflebas, daculia adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa Sesaxeb miRebuli araerTi saerTaSoriso aqtiT, maT Soris, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa Sesaxeb 1950 wlis evropuli kon-venciiT (SemdgomSi evropuli konvencia) da gaeros 1966 wlis paqtiT samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb (SemdgomSi, paqti).
evropuli konvenciis me-10 muxlis Tanaxmad:
1. yvelas aqvs gamoxatvis Tavisufleba. es ufleba moicavs piris Tavisuflebas, hqondes Sexedulebebi, miiRos an gaavrcelos informacia Tu mosazrebebi sajaro xelisu-flebis Caurevlad da saxelmwifo sazRvrebis miuxedavad. es muxlebi xels ar uSlis saxelmwifoebs, ganaxorcielon radiomauwyeblobis, satelevizio an kinematografiul sawarmoTa licenzireba.
2. am TavisuflebaTa ganxorcieleba, ramdenadac mas Tan ax-lavs valdebulebani da pasuxismgebloba, SeiZleba daeqvem-debaros iseT formalobebs, pirobebs, SezRudvebs an san-qciebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT da aucile-belia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli uSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoe-bis interesebisaTvis, uwesrigobis an danaSaulis Tavidan acilebisaTvis, janmrTelobisa an zneobis dacvisaTvis, sxvaTa reputaciis an uflebaTa dacvisaTvis, saidumlo in-formaciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan acilebis an sasamarTlo xelisuflebis avtoritetisa da miukerZoeblobis SenarCu-nebisaTvis~.
informaciis Tavisuflebis arsi ganmartebulia evropuli sasamarTlos mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebSi. evropulma sasamarTlom Tavis precedentul samarTalSi araerTxel aRniSna, rom sazogadoebas aqvs ufleba, miiRos sajaro in-
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teresis mqone informacia, saidanac gamomdinareobs mas-mediis ufleba - miiRos informacia sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze da mosaxleobis ufleba _ miiRos aRniSnuli informacia masmediis meSveobiT.7
evropuli sasamarTlo xazs usvams, rom konvenciis me-10 muxlSi (gamoxatvis Tavisufleba) Semaval uflebebs pre-sisTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs. Jurnalistebi moiazrebian specialur kategoriad, romelSic maTi „val-debulebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi“ gagebuli unda iqnes „de-mokratiul sazogadoebaSi“ maTi adgilis gaTvaliswinebiT. Jurnalistis valdebulebaa, gaavrcelos informacia sazogadoebis interess mikuTvnebul sakiTxebze. evropuli sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom konvenciis me-10 muxliT (gamox-atvis Tavisufleba), presis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis maRa-li xarisxi gamarTlebulia presis _ rogorc „sazogadoe-brivi interesebis sadarajoze mdgomis“ _ roliT.8
presis Tavisufleba sazogadoebas aZlevs sakuTari, poli-tikuri liderebisagan damoukidebeli, azrebisa da Sexed-ulebebis gamorkvevis da Camoyalibebis saSualebas. gan-sakuTrebiT, igi iZleva sazogadoebrivi azris analizisa da masze reagirebis saSualebas. presis meSveobiT, yvelas SeuZlia, monawileoba miiRos politikur debatebSi, rac warmoadgens demokratiuli sazogadoebis ZiriTad konce-fcias. demokratiul sazogadoebaSi mTavrobis qmedebebi detalurad unda gaanalizdes ara mxolod sakanonmdeblo da sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mier, aramed presaSi, sazoga-doebrivi azris meSveobiT.9
evropuli sasamarTlo gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT ga-nixilavs iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac saxelmwifos moqmede-bebs SeuZlia survili daukargos presis warmomadgenlebs, monawileoba miiRon im sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi, romlebzec arsebobs sazogadoebis kanonieri interesi. aseTi zomebi
7 Sunday Times v.UK, Appl.no.6538/74, 26 April1979, para.65; Observer and Guardian v. UK, Appl. no. 13585/88, 26 November 1991, para.598 Godlevskiy v. Russia, no. 14888/03, 23 October 2008,paras.40-41; Sunday Times v UK,26 April 1979, para.659 Castells v Spain, Appl.no.11798/85, 23 April 1992, paras. 43,46
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zogjer SeiZleba iyos Jurnalistebis mier informaciis moZiebis procesSi, ubralod, sirTuleebis Seqmna.10
zemoT aRniSnuli principi kvlav ganaviTara evropulma sasamarTlom ungreTis winaaRmdeg 2009 wels gamotanil gadawyvetilebaSi, sadac aRniSna, rom dabrkolebebma, ro-melic miznad isaxavs sajaro interesis mqone sakiTxebze informaciis xelmisawvdomobis SezRudvas, SesaZloa, me-diasa da msgavs sferoSi moRvawe pirebs daukargos aseTi sakiTxebis Seswavlis survili. Sedegad, maT aRar SeeZle-baT Zalzed mniSvnelovani _ „sazogadoebrivi makontrole-blis“ rolis Sesruleba da, savaraudod, sazogadoebisaT-vis zusti da sando informaciis miwodebis SesaZlebloba Seferxdeba.
bolo periodSi evropulma sasamarTlom gaafarTova in-formaciis miRebis uflebis arsi da axla is ufro farTod ganmartavs informaciaze xelmisawvdomobis uflebas.11 ev-ropuli sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom presis Tavisuflebas-Tan dakavSirebiT saxelmwifos valdebuleba moicavs iseTi barierebis aRmofxvras, romlebic mxolod imis gamo arse-bobs, rom saxelmwifo flobs sainformacio monopolias.12 amasTan, saxelmwifos mier mis xelT arsebuli informaciis gacemis valdebuleba ufro maRalia, rodesac moTxovnili informacia Segrovebasa da damuSavebas ar saWiroebs.13
evropulma sasamarTlom erTmaneTisgan ganasxvava sajaro da kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebul pirTa personaluri monace-mebis dacvis standarti da ganacxada, rom gamWvirvalobis principidan gamomdinare, sajaro moxeleTa aRniSnuli mo-nacemi gacilebiT naklebad aris daculi. es praqtika aseve damkvidrebulia saerTaSoriso, regionul Tu nacionalur
10 See, Bladet Tromsø and Stensaas v. Norway, application no. 21980/93, § 64 and Jersild v. Denmark, 23 September 1994, § 3511 Tarsasag a szabadsagjogokert v. Hungary, application no. 37374/05, para. 35; see also, Sdružení Jihočeské Matky c. la République tchèque (dec.), no. 19101/03, 10 July 200612 Tarsasag a szabadsagjogokert v. Hungary, application no. 37374/05, para. 3613 See, Tarsasag a szabadsagjogokert v. Hungary, application no. 37374/05, para. 36 and see a contrario, Guerra and Others v. Italy, 19 February 1998, § 53 in fine, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1998-I
14
samarTlebriv sistemebSi.14 informaciis Tavisuflebas, romelic sajaro pirTa pirad cxovrebas Seexeba, sajaro interesi gansazRvravs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aRniSnuli in-formacia exeba sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, igi eqceva informaciis Tavisuflebis uflebiT dacul sferoSi da warmoadgens sajaro informacias. evropuli sa-samarTlo miuTiTebs, rom dasaSvebi kritikis zRvari ufro farToa politikosTan, vidre kerZo pirTan mimarTebiT.15
saqmeSi „sureki TurqeTis winaaRmdeg“ evropulma sasamarT-lom konvenciis me-10 muxlis darRveva daadgina. saqme exe-boda ganmcxadeblis msjavrdebas, terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi pasuxismgebeli pirebis gvarebis gamoqveynebis gamo. Tanamdebobis pirebis mier Cadenili danaSaulis simZi-mis gaTvaliswinebiT, evropulma sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom sazogadoebis kanonier interesebSi Sedioda - mieRo informacia ara mxolod am Tanamdebobis pirebis qmedebis, aramed maTi piradi monacemebis Sesaxebac. Sesabamisad, sa-samarTlom miiCnia, rom ganmcxadeblis msjavrdebiT sax-elmwifom ver SeinarCuna samarTliani balansi presis Tavi-suflebis dacvasa da sajaro moxeleTa piradi monacemebis dacvas Soris.16
samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtis me-19 muxlTan (romelic gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas icavs) dakav-SirebiT, 2010 wels gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa komitet-ma SeimuSava 34-e zogadi komentari (proeqti), romelic konkretulad gansazRvravs, rom gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis uflebiT daculia sajaro dawesebulebebSi arsebuli in-formaciis miRebis uflebac. 34-e komentarSi aseve miTiTe-bulia, rom paqtis me-19 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli infor-maciis miRebis ufleba amave paqtis 25-e muxlTan erTad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli; es ukanaskneli ki, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi moqalaqeTa CarTulobas Seexeba. adamianis
14 Case of Defensoria del Pueblo v. Municipalidad de San Lorenzo, ღია საზოგადოება სამართლიანობის ინიციატივის მიერ პარაგვაის უზენაესი სასამართლოსათვის წარდგენილი ამიკუს კურიე, თებერვალი, 201015 Lingens v Austria, Appl.no.9815/82, 8 July 1986, para.42;Karhuvaara and Iltalehti v Finland, Appl.no. 53678/00, 16 November 2004, para.4516 Surek v Turkey (No.2), Appl.no. 24122/94, 8 July 1999, para.42
15
uflebaTa komitetis ganmartebiT, sazogadoebriv cxovre-baSi moqalaqeTa CarTulobis uzrunvelsayofad aucile-belia informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis uflebis aRi-areba. CamoTvlil uflebebs evropis sabWos araerTi doku-menti icavs.
evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleis #1087 (1996) rezo-luciis Tanaxmad, sajaro xelmisawvdomoba srulyofil in-formaciaze warmoadgens adamianis fundamentur uflebas. saparlamento asamblea masmediisa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb rezoluciaSi acxadebs, rom saxelmwifo valdebu-lia, gonivrul vadebSi xelmisawvdomi gaxados informacia sazogadoebisaTvis saintereso sakiTxebze.17 oficialuri dokumentebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciis REC (2002) 2 da masze gakeTebuli ganmartebiTi memorandumis Tanaxmad, im SemTx-vevaSic ki, Tu oficialur dokumentSi arsebul informa-ciaze wvdoma zians ayenebs romelime legitimur interess, aRniSnuli dokumenti eqvemdebareba gacemas, Tu dokumen-tis xelmisawvdomobis sajaro interesi aRemateba dacul interess.18
zemoaRniSnuli midgoma mxardaWerilia evropis sabWos dRes moqmedi samarTliT. oficialuri dokumentebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb evrosabWos 2009 wlis 18 ivli-sis konvenciis me-3 muxlis 1-li punqtis Tanaxmad, infor-maciis Tavisufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos, Tu is emsaxureba iseTi legitimuri miznebis dacvas, rogoricaa: erovnuli usafrTxoeba, Tavdacva da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi, sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis prevencia, gamoZieba da dev-na; piradi cxovreba da sxva legitimuri kerZo interesebi; komerciuli saidumloeba da sxva. amave muxlis me-3 punqtiT dadgenilia, rom aRniSnul legitimur mizanze miTiTebiT, mxolod im SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli uaris Tqma informa-ciis gacemaze, rodesac saxeze ar aris mniSvnelovani saja-
17 rekomendacia # R (81) 19 masobrivi komunikaciebis mediasa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, ministrTa komiteti, 29 aprili 198118 oficialuri dokumentebis xelmisawvdomoba, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia Rec (2002) 2; rekomendaciis Rec (2002) 2 ganmartebiTi memorandumi, para.31
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ro interesi.19 unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo aRniSnuli konvenciis erT-erTi xelmomweri wevri-saxelmwifoa.
1.2. erovnuli kanonmdebloba
saqarTveloSi gamoxatvis Tavisufleba konstituciiT ga-rantirebuli uflebaa.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-19 muxlis mixedviT, yovel adamians aqvs sityvis, azris, sindisis, aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba.
konstituciiT daculi uflebebis SezRudva dasaSvebia, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maTi gamovlineba laxavs sxvaTa uflebebs.
saqarTvelos konstituciis 24-e muxlis Tanaxmad, yovel adamians aqvs ufleba, Tavisuflad miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia, gamoTqvas da gaavrcelos Tavisi azri zepirad, werilobiT an sxvagvari saSualebiT. masobrivi informaci-is saSualebebi Tavisufalia.
saqarTvelos konstituciis amave muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarT-veloSi cenzura dauSvebelia.
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan garantiad miiCneva aseve saqarTvelos konstituciis 41-e muxli.
miTiTebuli normis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, saqarT-velos yovel moqalaqes ufleba aqvs, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gaecnos saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi masze arse-bul informacias, agreTve, iq arsebul oficialur doku-mentebs, Tu isini ar Seicavs saxelmwifo, profesiul an ko-merciul saidumloebas.
garda zemoT CamoTvlili safuZvlebisa, saqarTvelos kon-stituciis 41-e muxlis me-2 punqtSi aRwerilia informaciis xelmisawvdomobis SezRudvis sxva safuZvlebi: „oficial-ur CanawerebSi arsebuli informacia, romelic dakavSire-bulia adamianis janmrTelobasTan, mis finansebsa an sxva
19 evrosabWos konvencia oficialuri dokumentebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb, 18 ivlisi, 2009, muxli 3.
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kerZo sakiTxebTan, aravisTvis ar unda iyos xelmisawvdomi, TviT am adamianis Tanxmobis gareSe, garda kanoniT dadge-nili SemTxvevebisa, rodesac es aucilebelia saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvel-sayofad, janmrTelobis, sxvaTa uflebebisa da Tavisufle-bebis dasacavad.“
aRniSnuli CamonaTvali kidev erTxel adasturebs im gare-moebas, rom gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis TiToeuli faqti sasamarTlos mier detalurad unda iqnes gamokvleu-li. imisaTvis, rom dadgindes, saWiroa Tu ara informacia xelmisawvdomi gaxdes saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an sazoga-doebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, janmrTelo-bis, sxvaTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dasacavad, sa-samarTlom yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi individualurad unda imsjelos.
saqarTvelos konstitucia saxelmwifos uzenaesi kanonia. yvela sxva samarTlebrivi aqti unda Seesabamebodes konsti-tucias. informaciis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebTan dakavSire-biT saqarTvelos konstituciis me-19, 24-e da 41-e muxlis Canawerebi ganmartebulia sxvadasxva samarTlebriv aqtSi. maT Sorisaa:
1. „sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb“ saqarT-velos kanoni, romelic miRebul iqna 2004 wlis 24 ivniss aRniSnuli kanonis Tanaxmad, yvelas, administraciuli organos garda, aqvs gamoxatvis Tavisufleba. amasTan, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba moicavs iseT komponentebs, rogoricaa:
• azris Tavisufleba;
• politikuri sityvisa da debatebis Tavisufleba;
• rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba.
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom kanonis miRebis Semdeg ciliswameba (arsebiTad mcdari faqtis Semcveli da pirisaTvis zianis mimyenebeli, misi saxe-lis gamtexi gancxadeba) amoRebul iqna sisxlis samar-Tlis danaSaulTa kategoriidan. qarTuli kanonmde-blobisaTvis siaxles warmoadgens is faqtic, rom axal samarTlebriv aqtSi media ganimarteba, rogorc maso-
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brivi komunikaciis beWdviTi an eleqtronuli saSuale-ba, maT Soris igulisxmeba internetic;
2. „mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni - es kanoni, sityvisa da azris Tavisuflebisa da Tavisufali me-warmeobis principebis Sesabamisad, gansazRvravs mauw-yeblobis ganxorcielebis wess, mauwyeblobis sferoSi damoukidebeli maregulirebeli organos Seqmnis wessa da funqciebs, am sferoSi saqmianobis regulirebis pi-robebs, licenzirebis wessa da procedurebs. kanoni miRebulia 2004 wlis 24 dekembers;
3. saqarTvelos kanoni „eleqtronuli komunikaciebis Ses-axeb“ - es kanoni adgens saqarTvelos teritoriaze ele-qtronuli sakomunikacio qselebiTa da saSualebebiT saqmianobis samarTlebriv da ekonomikur safuZvlebs, am sferoSi konkurentunariani garemos Camoyalibebisa da regulirebis principebs, eleqtronuli sakomuni-kacio qselebisa da saSualebebis flobis, maTi gamoy-enebisa da momsaxurebis miwodebis dros fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis uflebebsa da movaleobebs. kanoni miRebulia 2005 wlis 02 ivniss;
4. „salicenzio da sanebarTvo mosakreblebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni - es kanoni, saqarTvelos konsti-tuciis 94-e muxlis, „mosakreblebis sistemis safuZ-vlebis Sesaxeb“ da „licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Ses-axeb“ saqarTvelos kanonebis Sesabamisad, gansazRvravs saxelmwifos mier kanoniT dadgenili salicenzio/sane-barTvo saqmianobis ganxorcielebis an/da sargeblobis uflebis miniWebisTvis, agreTve, saxelmwifo organos mier gaweuli garkveuli momsaxurebisaTvis dawesebu-li mosakreblebis saxeebsa da ganakveTebs, maTi gadax-devinebis wessa da vadebs. kanonis miRebis TariRia 2003 wlis 12 agvisto;
5. saqarTvelos kanoni „damoukidebeli erovnuli maregu-lirebeli organoebis Sesaxeb“ - am kanonis mizania Seqm-nas myari samarTlebrivi safuZveli da srulyofili in-stituciuri garemo saqarTveloSi moqmedi damoukide-beli erovnuli maregulirebeli organoebis stabilu-ri funqcionirebisaTvis, raTa ekonomikis sxvadasxva
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sferoSi uzrunvelyofili iqnes licenziis mflobel-Ta da momxmarebelTa interesebis dabalanseba, momsax-urebisa da saqonlis efeqtiani faswarmoqmna da miwo-deba. kanoni miRebulia 2002 wlis 13 seqtembers;
6. saqarTvelos kanoni „reklamis Sesaxeb“ - saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba reklamis Sesaxeb Sedgeba saqarTvelos konstituciis, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisa da Se-Tanxmebebis, am kanonisa da saqarTvelos sxva sakanon-mdeblo da normatiuli aqtebisagan. kanonis miRebis TariRia 1998 wlis 18 Tebervali;
7. saqarTvelos kanoni „saavtoro da momijnave ufle-bebis Sesaxeb“ - kanoni adgens saavtoro uflebebis gam-oyenebisa da regulirebis wess. miRebulia 1999 wlis 22 ivniss;
8. „mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi“ - mauwyebelTa qce-vis kodeqsi miRebulia saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis mier `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” saqarT-velos kanonis Sesabamisad da gansazRvravs mauwyeblis mier programis momzadebisa da gadacemis principebs, wesebsa da saxelmZRvanelo rekomendaciebs. principebi Sesasruleblad savaldebuloa, gansxvavebiT wesebisa da saxelmZRvanelo rekomendaciebisgan.
2. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ganxorcielebuli mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi
2.1. ssip sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis sameurveo sabWos formirebis wesi
„mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis moqmedi re-daqciis 24-e muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, „sameur-veo sabWo Sedgeba 15 meurvisagan.“ normis cvlileba moxda 2009 wlis 22 seqtembers, roca sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis sameurveo sabWos wevrTa raodenoba 9-dan 15-mde gaizarda.
aRniSnuli cvlilebebis Semdeg sameurveo sabWos Semadgen-lobam da formirebis wesma araerTxel daimsaxura samoqa-laqo seqtoris kritika _ gamomdinare iqidan, rom sameur-
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veo sabWos wevrebis SerCevaSi mniSvnelovnadaa CarTuli saqarTvelos prezidenti, xolo saqarTvelos parlamentis umravlesoba irCevs sabWos sasurvel wevrs, ssip sazoga-doebrivi mauwyeblis Semadgenloba SerCeul iqna, savarau-dod, politikuri niSniT, mxolod erTi partiis mier.
2013 wels kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebiT, sameurveo sabWos Semadgenloba Semcirda 15-dan 9-mde, arsebuls dae-mata SerCevis axali kriteriumebi. Seicvala sameurveo sab-Wos dakompleqtebis wesic, romelic iTvaliswinebs samoqa-laqo seqtoris CarTvasa da dakompleqtebaSi umciresobis, umravlesobis, saxalxo damcvelisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos monawileobas.
2.2. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba sakabelo qseliT mauwyeblobis licenziis Taobaze
2012 wlis 11 aprils sakonstitucio sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba saqmeze „saqarTvelos saxalxo damcve-li saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg“.20 aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebiT, sasamarTlom saqarTvelos konstitu-ciis 24-e muxlTan (gamoxatvis Tavisufleba) Seusabamod cno sakabelo qseliT mauwyeblobis licenzirebis valdeb-uleba, Tumca, ZalaSi datova Tanamgzavris meSveobiT mau-wyeblobis licenzirebis aucilebloba. Sesabamisad, dRes moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, sakabelo qseliT mauwyebloba ar saWiroebs licenzirebas.
saia `sasamarTlos megobris” statusiT CarTuli iyo aRniS-nul saqmeSi.21 aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom saias weri-lobiTi mosazrebebi aisaxa gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiT nawilSi. saia amtkicebda, rom saeTero mauwyeblobisgan gansxvavebiT, sakabelo da Tanamgzavris meSveobiT mauwye-blobisas ar gamoiyeneboda bunebrivad amowurvadi resur-si _ sixSire, Sesabamisad, gamarTlebuli ar iyo aRniSnuli tipis mauwyeblobis dawyebisaTvis komunikaciebis maregu-
20 https://matsne.gov.ge/index.php?option=com_ldmssearch&view=docView&id=1640006&lang=ge 21 http://gyla.ge/geo/news?info=662
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lirebeli erovnuli komisiidan licenziis miReba. Tavis mxriv, licenziis gareSe sakabelo da Tanamgzavruli mau-wyeblobis dawyebis Semdeg, maregulirebel komisias unda SeenarCunebina aseTi mauwyeblis saqmianobis kanonierebis Semowmebis uflebamosileba.
sakonstitucio sasamarTlom gaiziara saxalxo damcvelisa da saias mosazrebebi sakabelo mauwyebelTan mimarTebiT. sakonstitucio sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi miiRo is gare-moeba, rom sakabelo mauwyebloba xorcieldeboda ara sax-elmwifos sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sixSiruli speqtris meSve-obiT, aramed mauwyeblobis ganmaxorcielebeli piris kerZo sakuTrebis qveS moqceuli infrastruqturiT. swored ami-tom, aRniSnuli mauwyeblobis dasawyebad saWiro ar iyo li-cenzireba. komisias rCeboda SesaZlebloba, sakabelo mauw-yeblis saqmianobis kanonTan Sesabamisoba gaekontrolebina licenzirebis gareSe. sasamarTlom aseve ar gamoricxa saka-belo mauwyeblis valdebuleba, mauwyeblobis dawyebamde, winaswar miawodos informacia komunikaciebis erovnul komisias mauwyeblobis msurveli piris Taobaze.
sasamarTlom ar gaiziara saxalxo damcvelisa da saias mo-sazreba Tanamgzavruli mauwyeblis licenzirebis nawilSi da ganacxada, rom Tanamgzavruli mauwyebloba, sakabelo mauwyeblisagan gansxvavebiT, scildeba saqarTvelos sax-elmwifos farglebs da, imavdroulad, eqceva sxva qvey-nebis iurisdiqciaSi, ris gamoc warmoadgens saerTaSoriso samarTliT regulirebis sagans. sakonstitucio sasamarT-los azriT, sagareo urTierTobis warmoebisas saxelmwi-fos diskrecia _ daawesos salicenzio xasiaTis SezRudvebi _ SedarebiT farToa.
sakabelo mauwyeblobis licenzirebis aucileblobam 2008 wels seriozuli problemebi Seuqmna Sps `studia mae-stros.” kerZod, licenziis ararsebobis gamo, mas komu-nikaciebis erovnulma komisiam daakisra sanqcia, rasac mohyva aRniSnuli satelevizio sadguris samauwyeblo ba-didan sazogadoebriv-politikuri Sinaarsis programebis amoReba. sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavlis motiviT, ko-munikaciebis erovnulma komisiam aRniSnul telekompan-ias uari uTxra saerTo mauwyeblobis licenziis gacemaze.
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gadawyvetileba gasaCivrda sasamarTloSi. sabolood, da-vis monawile mxareebs Soris moxda SeTanxmeba da licenziis modificirebis gziT Sps `studia maestros~ sainformacio da sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebiT mxolod 2008 wlis bolos dabrunda. miuxedavad amisa, salicenzio val-debulebis Seusruleblobam ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi Seaferxa sakabelo televiziis saqmianoba.
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba aTavisuf-lebs sakabelo qseliT mauwyebels valdebulebisagan, komi-siisagan winaswari Tanxmobis gareSe, ar daiwyos mauwyeblo-ba.
2012 wlis 4 maiss saqarTvelos parlamentSi daregistrir-da cvlilebaTa paketi #07-3/600, romelic `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi zemoaRniSnuli cvlilebis ganxorcielebas Seexeboda. SemoTavazebuli proeqtiT, sakabelo qseliT mauwyeblobis gansaxorcieleblad, li-cenzirebis nacvlad gaTvaliswinebul iqna avtorizaciis reJimis SemoReba. amdenad, „mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb“ saqarT-velos kanoni SesabamisobaSi iqna moyvanili sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2012 wlis 11 aprilis #1/1/468 gadawyvetile-basTan, rac mniSvnelovan da saWiro siaxled SeiZleba Se-fasdes qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi.
2.3. sareklamo drois limitebis gazrda
2010 wlis 26 oqtombers saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnul komisias saCivriT mimarTa aaip `studia monitor-ma” Sps samauwyeblo kompania `rusTavi 2”-sa da (SemdgomSi ,,rusTavi 2”) da Sps `teleimedis” (SemdgomSi `teleimedi”) mier `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis darRve-vis Taobaze. sakiTxi Seexeboda mauwyeblebis mier reklam-is ganTavsebisa da sponsorobis wesis darRvevas. saCivris avtorma moiTxova aRniSnuli mauwyeblebisTvis `mauwye-blobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba.
komisiam nawilobriv daakmayofila aaip ̀ studia monitoris” saCivari da gafrTxileba misca `teleimeds” da `rusTavi 2”-s kanoniT dadgenili normebis darRvevis gamo. telekom-
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paniebs daevalaT, uzrunveleyoT samauwyeblo badeSi rek-lamisa da sponsorobis ganTavseba `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-8 Tavis moTxovnaTa dacviT.
2011 wlis 3 marts aaip `studia monitorma”, xolo 3 maiss giorgi mgelaZem mimarTes saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnul komisias `rusTavi 2”-isa da `teleimedis” mier `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis darRvevas-Tan dakavSirebiT. komisiam administraciuli warmoebis procesSi kvlav daadgina `teleimedis” mier reklamis gan-Tavsebisa da sponsorobis wesis darRveva. vinaidan erTi weli ar iyo gasuli wina sanqcirebidan, aRniSnul mauwye-blebs daekisraT jarimis gadaxda 2 500 (ori aTas xuTasi) laris odenobiT.
unda aRiniSnos, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdgom, 2011 wlis 19 aprils cvlileba Sevida `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 64-e muxlSi da gaizarda samauwyeb-lo badeSi reklamebis ganTavsebis dasaSvebi xangrZlivoba. Tumca, vinaidan darRvevebi ganxorcielda cvlilebebis ZalaSi Sesvlamde, 2011 wlis 5 maisamde, komisiam ixelmZR-vanela am periodamde moqmedi normebiT.
2.4. media mflobelebis gamWvirvaloba
2011 wlis 8 aprils ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebiT, „mauw-yeblobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxls daemata `g1-g3“ qvepunqtebi, romlebic ganmartavs beneficiar mesa-kuTres, idealuri miznebisaTvis Seqmnil iuridiul pirs da ofSorul zonas.
36-e muxls daemata Semdegi Sinaarsis 11 muxli, romlis Tanaxmadac, `mauwyeblobis sferoSi licenziis gacemasTan dakavSirebiT komisiis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi unda Seesabamebodes saqarTvelos zogadi administraci-uli kodeqsis 52-e da 53-e muxlebiT dadgenil moTxovnebs.“
„mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis 37-e muxlSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, mauwyeblobis sferoSi licenziis mflobeli, saqarTvelos rezidenti fizikuri an iuridiuli piris garda, SeiZleba iyos saqarT-
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velos moqalaqec. CamonaTvals ki, romelic gansazRvravs vin ar SeiZleba iyos mauwyeblobis sferoSi licenziis mflobeli, daemata ofSorul zonaSi registrirebuli piri da iuridiuli piri, romlis wils an aqciebs pirdapir an iribad flobs ofSorul zonaSi registrirebuli piri.
amave cvlilebaTa paketiT, kanons daemata 371 muxli, rom-lis Tanaxmad, licenziis maZiebels daevala salicenzio gancxadebisTvis Sesabamisobis deklaraciis darTva. Se-sabamisobis deklaraciis wardgena, gancxadebasTan erTad, ganisazRvra 41-e muxlis me-3 punqtis `d“ qvepunqtiTac.
aRniSnuli kanonproeqti 2010 wels momzadda sainiciativo jgufis22 mier da man gamoxmaureba hpova saqarTvelos sax-alxo damcvelis 2010 wlis angariSSi, sadac rekomendaciis saxiT aRniSna, rom unda ganxorcieldes cvlilebebi `mauw-yeblobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi. saxalxo damcvelis Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, media gamWvirvalobis misaRwevad, kanonmdeblobaSi Setanili cvlilebebi unda Seicavdes da akmayofilebdes moTxovnaTa minimums, kerZod:
1. sajaro unda iyos informacia licenziis mflobeli piris an misi pirdapiri da arapirdapiri mflobeli piris Sesaxeb;
2. sajaro unda iyos informacia licenziis mflobeli piris mmarTveli piris an misi pirdapiri da arapirda-piri mflobeli piris mmarTveli piris Sesaxeb;
3. uzrunvelyofili unda iyos finansuri gamWvirvaloba;
4. imavdroulad, mniSvnelovania, sworad gaivlos zR-vari, erTi mxriv, sajaro interess _ media saSualebis gamWvirvalobasa da, meore mxriv, mesakuTre pirebis kerZo interess _ maTi saidumloebebis dacvas Soris. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, media gamWvirvalobis uzrun-velsayofad miRebuli normebis formulirebam imaze metad ar unda gaasajaroos informacia, vidre is xsenebul mizans Seesabameba. proporciulad unda iyos daculi komerciul da pirad saidumloebas mikuTvneb-uli informacia.
22 კანონპროექტის ავტორები არიან: ლაშა ტუღუში, ვახტანგ ხმალაძე, გიორგი ჩხეიძე, ნინო დანელია და ელისო ჩაფიძე.
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aRniSnuli cvlilebebi ar iyo sakmarisi media mflobelebis gamWvirvalobis uzrunvelsayofad. koalicia `media advo-katirebisaTvis~ wevri organizaciebis nawilma, maT Soris saiam, mxari dauWira 2012 wlis dekemberSi eqspertebis _ zviad qoriZis, laSa tuRuSis da Tamar korZaias mier momza-debul sakanonmdeblo cvlilebaTa pakets, romlis mizani, sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ saqarT-velos kanonSi zemoaRniSnuli xarvezis gamosworeba iyo. 2013 wlis 12 ivliss `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, ganisaz-Rvra erovnuli mauwyeblebis valdebuleba, buRaltruli aRricxva awarmoon buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis komisiis mier damtkicebuli da saqarTvelos parlamentTan arsebuli buraltruli aRricxvis stand-artebis komisiis dadgenilebiT samoqmedod SemoRebuli standartebis mixedviT. amave cvlilebiT, mauwyeblebs daevalaT wliuri angariSis gamoqveyneba oficialur veb-gverdebze. aseve, saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnul komisias daekisra valdebuleba, gaasajaroos im piris vi-naoba, romlis mier mauwyebelSi bolo 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ganTavsebuli reklamis an teleSofingis, ganxorcielebu-li sponsorobis an gaweuli momsaxurebis Rirebulebam an ganxorcielebulma Semowirulobam Svidi aTas larze meti Seadgina.
2.5. Mustcarry/Mustoffer
2012 wels cvlilebebi Sevida `saqarTvelos saarCevno kod-eqsSi” da `must carry”-sa da `must offer”-is principebis moq-medebis vadad ganisazRvra winasaarCevno periodi. xolo 2013 wlis 12 ivliss `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, `must car-ry” da `must offer” mudmivmoqmed principebad Camoyalibda.
bolo periodis ganmavlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT 2011-2012 wlebSi, sakabelo operatorebi uars acxadebdnen xelisu-flebis mimarT kritikulad ganwyobili televiziebis Cas-maze momsaxurebis paketebSi. aRniSnuli faqtori iwvevda sazogadoebisaTvis mxolod calmxrivi informaciis miwo-debas da mediis dayofas ̀ saxelisuflebo~ da ̀ arasaxelisu-flebo~ niSniT.
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kampania „es Sen gexebas“23 farglebSi momzadda sakanonmde-blo winadadeba saqarTveloSi media garemosa da saarCevno garemos gajansaRebis mizniT. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqa-rTvelos kanonmdebloba uzrunvelyofs yvela kompani-isaTvis biznesis Tavisufali warmarTvis SesaZleblobas, saqarTveloSi 2012 wels ar iyo Seqmnili konkurentuli garemo. umetes SemTxvevaSi, mauwyeblebi ver axerxebdnen samauwyeblo signalebis gadacemas. xSirad uars signalis gavrcelebaze iRebdnen xelisuflebis mimarT kritikulad ganwyobili mauwyeblebi. kampaniis SeTavazeba gulisxmobda sakanonmdeblo garantiebis Seqmnas mravalferovani in-formaciis gavrcelebis uzrunvelsayofad. kerZod, „must carry”-isa da „must offer”-is principis danergvas, rac gulisx-mobs sakabelo da satelituri operatorebisaTvis val-debulebis dawesebas, gadascen sxvadasxva telekompaniis signalebi, amasTan, aRniSnul subieqtebs aniWebs uflebas, televiziebs maTi signalis sakabelo paketSi Casma mosTxo-von. sxvadasxva subieqtTan gamarTuli Sexvedrebisa da farTo masStabis sainformacio kampaniis Sedegad, parla-mentma nawilobriv gaiziara SeTavazebuli principebi da „must carry”-isa da „must offer”-is sakanonmdeblo regulireba droebiT uzrunvelyo. Sedegad, cvlilebebi Sevida `saqa-rTvelos saarCevno kodeqsSi~ da „must carry”-isa da „must offer”-is principebis moqmedebis vadad ganisazRvra mxolod winasaarCevno periodi.
2013 wlis 12 ivliss `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonSi ganxorcielda cvlilebebi, romelTa Tanaxmad, avtorizebuli pirebis mier mauwyeblobis savaldebulo tranzitis gansazRvra moxda ara mxolod winasaarCevno pe-riodSi.
23 კამპანია „ეს შენ გეხება» 2012 წლის თებერვალში არასამთავრობო და მედიაორგანიზაციებმა ერთად წამოიწყეს. კამპანიაში ჩართული ორგანიზაციები და მოქალაქეები არ გამოხატავენ არცერთი პოლიტიკური სუბიექტის ინტერესს და არ არიან რომელიმე პოლიტიკური სუბიექტის ინტერესების გამტარებლები.კამპანია მიზნად ისახავს, მოქალაქეთა აქტიური მონაწილეობით და ჩართულობით საარჩევნო კანონმდებლობის შეცვლას და კონკურენტუნარიანი, ამომრჩევლებისათვის მისაღები წინასაარჩევნო გარემოს ჩამოყალიბების ხელშეწყობას.
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2.6. foto, video, audio gadaReba sasamarTloSi
2013 wlis 01 martidan sasamarTlos ezosa da Senobis dere-fanSi fotogadaReba, kino, video, audio Cawera da eTerSi gadacema yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSea SesaZlebeli, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac SezRudvas usafrTxoebis interesebi moiTxovs. rac Seexeba sasamarTlo sxdomebis Caweras, dRes moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, sasamarTlos Tanx-mobiT, sasamarTlo sxdomis foto gadaReba, video Cawera masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs, mxareebs an/da sxva pirebs dasabuTebuli moTxovnis safuZvelze SeeZlebaT. es ufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) motivirebuli ganCinebiT. amave dros, aikrZala sasamarT-los mier dadgenili wesiT sasamarTlos SenobaSi Sesuli pirisaTvis piradi nivTebis, maT Soris, mobiluri telefo-nis, kompiuteris, foto, kino, video an/da audio saSuale-bebis CamorTmeva.
pirveli martidan sasamarTlo valdebulia, Tavad Caiweros sasamarTlo procesi da moTxovnisTanave uzrunvelyos audio-video Canaweris mxareebisaTvis an/da sxva pirTaTvis xelmisawvdomoba, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac sasamarT-los mier gamotanilia ganCineba sasamarTlo sxdomis nawi-lobriv an srulad daxurvis Sesaxeb. im SemTxvevaSi ki, Tu sasamarTlo ar aris aRWurvili Sesabamisi teqnikuri Ses-aZleblobiT, zemoaRniSnuli valdebulebi ekisreba 2013 wlis 01 ivnisidan.
Tu sasamarTlo sxdoma daxurulia, audio-video Canaweris asli SeiZleba gadaeces mxolod mxareebs. isini valdebuli arian, xeli moaweron xelwerils audio-video Canaweris gaumJRavneblobaze.
dReisaTvis sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli uflebamosilia, SeuzRudavad ganaxorcielos sasamarTlo procesis fo-togadaReba, kino, video, audio Cawera da eTerSi gadacema, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac sasamarTlos mier gamota-nilia ganCineba sasamarTlo sxdomis nawilobriv an srulad daxurvis Sesaxeb. sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli valdebulia, uzrunvelyos Canaweris masobrivi informaciis sxva saSu-alebebisaTvis gadacema maTi moTxovnisTanave.
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im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli uars ity-vis sasamarTlo procesis gadaRebasa da pirdapir eTerSi sxdomis gadacemaze, aseTi uflebamosilebiT sargebloba SeuZlia saerTo mauwyeblobis licenziis mflobel sxva pirs sasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebis win saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlisaTvis werilobiTi gancxadebis wardgenis safuZvelze. Tu aseTi gancxadeba wardgenilia erTze meti saerTo mauwyeblobis licenziis mflobelis mier, mosamar-Tle uflebamosil pirs SearCevs wilisyris safuZvelze.24
sasamarTloSi foto-video gadaReba 2007 wels mniS-vnelovnad SeizRuda. es mas Semdeg moxda, rac sandro girgvlianis gaxmaurebul mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanilTa sa-samarTlo procesis gaSuqebam sazogadoebis gansakuTreb-uli yuradReba daimsaxura. aRniSnul saqmeze gamarTuli sasamarTlo procesebi pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda. opoziciis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic sxdomebs eswre-bodnen, aprotestebdnen process da sasamarTlos araobi-eqturobaze saubrobdnen. mogvianebiT, protestis gamo, opoziciasa da sasamarTlos mandaturebs Soris incidenti moxda, rac aseve gaSuqda mediiT. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom girgvlianis saqmeSi gansasjelebs Sss-s maRalCinosne-bi warmoadgendnen. saqmeze mowmeebad ki, sajaro moxeleebi, maT Soris, politikuri Tanamdebobis pirebi ikiTxebodnen.
2009 wlis bolos SezRudva kidev ufro gamkacrda. `saer-To sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi ganxor-cielda cvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad, foto-video gadaReba ara marto sasamarTloSi, aramed sasamarTlos ezoSic ai-krZala.
samoqalaqo seqtori mudmivad aprotestebda dadgenil SezRudvebs da xelisuflebas sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis ganxorcielebisken mouwodebda.25 arasamTavrobo orga-nizaciebis, maT Soris, saias rekomendaciebis safuZvelze, 2012 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros mier momzadda sakanonmdeblo iniciativa sasamarTloSi
24 http://www.media.ge/stories/1martidansasamartloskhdome 25 http://www.livepress.ge/ka/site/news/3823/კოალიციამ-„მედიის-ადვოკატირებისთვის“-მედიაგარემოს-გასაუმჯობესებლად-რეკომენდაციები-შეიმუშავა.htm
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foto, video, kino gadaRebisa da audio Caweris daSvebis Taobaze. aRniSnuli proeqti srulad asaxavda samoqalaqo seqtoris im suliskveTebas, romelsac didi xania koaliciis wevri organizaciebi sasicocxlod mniSvnelovan sakiTxad miiCnevdnen.26
2.7. aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saxelmwifo televiziis statusi
2004 wlis 23 dekembers miRebuli iqna `mauwyeblobis Ses-axeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, romlis 76-e muxlis me-18 pun-qtis Tanaxmad, kanonis amoqmedebidan 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT unda momx-dariyo teleradiomauwyeblobis ganmaxorcielebeli saja-ro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis (garda sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirisa „saqarTvelos televizia da radiomauw-yebloba“ da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saxelmwifo televiziisa) reorganizacia kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirebad, xolo Semdgomi 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi _ sawesdebo kapitalSi saxelmwifo wilis privatizeba.
amave kanonis me-15 muxlis Tanaxmad, politikuri da komer-ciuli gavlenisagan Tavisufali, sazogadoebrivi intere-sebis Sesabamisi, mravalferovani programebis sazogadoe-bisaTvis miwodebis mizniT, kanoni afuZnebs erT sazoga-doebriv mauwyebels. es ukanaskneli aris saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo qonebis safuZ-velze, teleradiomauwyeblobisaTvis Seqmnili, sajaro da-finansebiT moqmedi, xelisuflebisagan damoukidebeli da sazogadoebis winaSe angariSvaldebuli sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, romelic ar eqvemdebareba arc erT sax-elmwifo uwyebas.
76-e muxlis me-19 punqtis Tanaxmad ki, saqarTvelos mTavro-bas `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis amoqmede-bidan 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi unda moemzadebina winadadebebi aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saxelmwifo televiziis reorganizaciis Sesaxeb.
26 http://gyla.ge/geo/news?info=847
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yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifo biujetiT saqarTveloSi funqcionirebis ufleba aqvs mx-olod erT sazogadoebriv mauwyebels. danarCeni telemau-wyeblebis (garda aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saxelm-wifo televiziisa) reorganizacia moxda kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirebad, xolo aWaris televiziis reorganizacia unda ganexorcielebina saqarTvelos mTavrobas.
2005 wlis 28 dekembers `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb“ saqarT-velos kanonSi Setanili cvlilebis Tanaxmad, 76-e muxlis me-19 punqti Camoyalibda Semdegi redaqciiT: ̀ saqarTvelos mTavrobam 2006 wlis 31 dekembramde moamzados winadade-bebi aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saxelmwifo televi-ziis reorganizaciis Sesaxeb.“
amave muxlSi 2011 wlis 8 aprils Sevida cvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mTavrobas aWaris avtonomiuri re-spublikis saxelmwifo televiziis reorganizaciis Taoba-ze winadadebebis momzadebis vadad ganesazRvra 2011 wlis 1 noemberi.
aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom aWaris mTavrobas ar moumzadebia winadadebebi aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saxelmwifo televiziis reorganizaciis Sesaxeb 2006 wlis 31 dekem-bramde, xolo cvlileba gadavadebis Sesaxeb kanonSi Sevida 2011 wlis 8 aprils. aqedan gamomdinare, aWaris avtonomi-uri respublikis televizia 2006 wlidan 2011 wlamde ar iyo samarTlebrivi regulirebis CarCoebSi. is mauwyeblobas ax-orcielebda licenziis gareSe.
2011 wlis 11 noembers saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciam mimarTa saqarTvelos mTavrobis kancelarias da sajaro informaciis saxiT moiTxova saqarTvelos mTav-robis mier aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis saxelmwifo televiziis reorganizaciis Taobaze momzadebuli wina-dadebebis miwodeba.
mTavrobis kancelariidan miRebuli pasuxis Tanaxmad, saqa-rTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me-80 muxlis Sesabamisad, saias gancxadeba gadaegzavna uflebamosil administraciul organos _ saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros.
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zemoaRniSnuli uwyebidan miviReT informacia, rom 2015 wels evropis samauwyeblo zonaSi mdebare qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic, unda ganxorcieldes cifrul mauw-yeblobaze gadasvla, rasac mohyveba qveynis teleradiomau-wyeblobis sferos farTomasStabiani reforma. saamisod, evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki (EBRD), saqa-rTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro-sa da saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnul komisiasTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT, 2012 wlis bolosTvis daasru-lebs muSaobas saqarTveloSi infokomunikaciebis ganviTa-rebis politikis kompleqsur dokumentze, romelSic sxva mniSvnelovan sakiTxebTan erTad ganxiluli iqneba cifrul mauwyeblobaze gadasvlis teqnikuri, teqnologiuri, eko-nomikuri, socialuri da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi. aRniS-nulidan gamomdinare, saministros mizanSewonilad miaCnia, aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis mTavrobis saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis _ televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis de-partamentis reorganizaciis sakiTxi gadawydes saqarT-veloSi komunikaciebis ganviTarebis politikis, dadgenili wesiT, damtkicebis Semdeg.
Tumca, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aWaris avtonomiuri respub-likis saxelmwifo televiziis reorganizacia unda momx-dariyo 2011 wlis 1 noembramde. mas Semdeg ki, kanonmde-blobiT 2013 wlis 12 ivlisamde ar yofila gansazRvruli aRniSnuli televiziis statusi.
2013 wlis 12 ivliss `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebiT, zemoaRniSnuli xarvezi aRmoifxvra. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris _ sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis, aWaris televiziisa da radios dafuZneba.
2.8. rekomendaciebi informaciis xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebisaTvis _ `partnioroba Ria mmarTvelobisTvis” (OGP)
`partnioroba Ria mmarTvelobisTvis” wamyvani proeqti gax-da msoflios masStabiT ufro gamWvirvale, Ria da angariS-valdebuli mTavrobebis SeqmnisTvis.
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iniciativis oficialuri gaxsna 2011 wlis 20 seqtembers niu-iorkSi moewyo. iniciativis 8 damfuZnebelma wevr-ma (brazilia, indonezia, meqsika, norvegia, filipinebi, samxreT afrika, gaerTianebuli samefo da aSS) xeli moawera Ria mmarTvelobis deklaracias da warmoadgina samoqm-edo gegma. damfuZnebeli wevrebis warmomadgenlebi aseve miesalmnen 38 axali wevris CarTvas iniciativaSi, romelTa Soris iyo saqarTveloc.
„partnioroba Ria mmarTvelobis“ farglebSi mTavrobebis samoqmedo gegmis mixedviT aRebuli valdebulebebi unda moicavdes Semdeg mimarTulebebs:
1. sajaro momsaxurebis gaumjobeseba;
2. sajaro seqtorisadmi sazogadoebis ndobis gazrda;
3. sajaro resursebis ukeTesi marTva;
4. usafrTxo garemos Seqmna;
5. korporatiuli angariSvaldebulebis gazrda.
OGP-is farglebSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier aRebuli valdebulebebi, romlebic ori wlis ganmavlobaSi unda ganxorcieldes, moicavs oTx ZiriTad mimarTulebas: sa-jaro momsaxurebis gaumjobeseba, sajaro seqtorisadmi sazogadoebis ndobis gazrda, sajaro resursebis ukeTesi marTva da usafrTxo garemos Seqmna.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier OGP-s samoqmedo gegmis farg-lebSi aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebis process moni-torings uwevs arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa forumi, ro-melic ikribeba TveSi erTxel da ismens angariSs mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.
2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi „partnioroba Ria mmarTvelobis“ farglebSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier aRebul valdeb-ulebebs Soris gaTvaliswinebul iqna `koalicia mediis ad-vokatirebisTvis~ mier SeTavazebuli Semdegi winadadebebi:
1. 2012 wlis maisSi ganxorcielda sakanonmdeblo cvli-lebebi saqarTvelos zogad administraciul kodeqsSi. cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, sajaro dawesebulebebi valde-bulni arian, uzrunvelyon sajaro informaciis pro-
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aqtiuli gamoqveyneba veb-gverdebze 2013 wlis 1-li se-qtembrisTvis;
2. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, 2013 wlis 1-li seqtembridan sajaro informaciis moTxovna SesaZle-beli unda iyos eleqtronuli fostis gamoyenebiT;
testirebis reJimSi muSaobs saiti www.data.gov.ge, romelzec unda ganTavsdes farTo sazogadoebisTvis saintereso sa-jaro informacia, maT Soris, informacia saxelmwifo fi-nansebisa da biujetis Sesaxeb;
www.data.gov.ge-m unda uzrunvelyos sajaro informaciis eleqtronuli formiT moTxovna nebismieri sajaro dawese-bulebidan;
2013 wels unda Seiqmnas samoqalaqo platforma ichange.ge, romelic xels Seuwyobs axali ideebisa Tu sazogadoebrivi diskusiebis gamarTvas, amasTan, warmoqmnis qveyanaSi axali cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas. aRniSnul sivrceSi integrirebuli unda iyos samoqalaqo peticiebis wamoyenebis saSualebebi maTi Semdgomi savaldebulo ganx-ilvis winapirobiT.
2013 wlis 9 ivliss saqarTvelos mTavrobam daamtkica Ria mmarTvelobis partniorobis saqarTvelos samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebisTvis aucilebeli RonisZiebebis nusxa. am dadgenilebaSi gaTvaliswinebul iqna proaqtiulad gamo-saqveynebeli sajaro informaciis nusxis Sedgena, sajaro informaciis eleqtronulad gacemis implementaciisTvis saWiro RonisZiebebi, centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisu-flebis saqmianobisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi moqalaqeTa CarTulobis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebeli meqanizmebis SemuSaveba.
2013 wlis 26 agvistos saqarTvelos mTavrobam miiRo dad-genileba sajaro informaciis eleqtronuli formiT moTxovnisa da proaqtiulad gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb. am dad-genilebiT ganisazRvra sajaro informaciis eleqtronuli formiT moTxovnis wesi da proaqtiulad gamosaqveynebeli sajaro informaciis nusxa. dadgenileba vrceldeba mx-olod centraluri xelisuflebis im dawesebulebebze, romelTa kontroli Sedis saqarTvelos mTavrobis kompe-
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tenciaSi: saqarTvelos mTavrobis kancelaria, saministro, saxelmwifo ministris aparati, saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebuleba, saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi moqmedi da saxelmwifo ministris saxelmwifo kontrols daqvem-debarebuli sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi, saqa-rTvelos mTavrobis uSualo daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis specialuri daniSnulebis gasamxedroebuli dawesebuleba. mniSvnelovania dadgindes gansazRvruli sajaro informaciis proaqtiulad gamoqvey-nebis valdebuleba da sajaro informaciis eleqtronuli formiT moTxovnis erTiani wesi qveyanaSi arsebuli yvela sajaro dawesebulebisTvis.
3. saerTaSoriso/arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sefasebebi saqarTveloSi mediis Tavisuflebis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT
3.1. saerTaSoriso organizacia `reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe“
ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi mediis Ta-visuflebis standarti mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs ganic-dida. qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebi naTlad da qronolo-giurad aisaxa saerTaSoriso organizaciis `reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe“ mier momzadebul daskvnebSi. 2003 wels gamoqveynebuli angariSis Tanaxmad, presis Tavisuflebis mxriv, saqarTvelo 166 qveynidan 73-e adgilze iyo,27 2004 wlis angariSis Tanaxmad, 94-e adgili ekava 167 qveynidan,28 2005 wels ki, 99-e adgilze gadainacvla,29 xolo 2006 wlis angariSis Tanaxmad, progresi SeimCneva da saqarTvelo 168 qveynidan 89-e adgilzea.30 2007 wlis monacemebiT, wina wlis Sedegebi umjobesdeba da saqarTvelo ukve 169 qveyn-idan 66-e adgilzea.31 2008 wels gamoqveynebuli angariSis
27 http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=55128 http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=55029 http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=54930 http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=3531 http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=34
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Tanaxmad, qveyanaSi SeimCneva gauareseba _ saqarTvelo 120-e adgils ikavebs 173 qveyanas Soris.32 2009 wels qveyana wina (2008) welTan SedarebiT 39 safexuriT dawinaurda da 81-e adgili daikava 175 qveynidan.33 2010 wels, presis saerTo mdgomareobaze Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT, saqarTvelo 25,17 quliT, 178 qveyanas Soris, 99-e adgilze iyo. aRsaniS-navia, rom am maCvenebliT saqarTvelo dsT-s yvela qveyanas uswrebda.34 2011-2012 wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT, saqarTvelos 179 qveyanas Soris 104-e adgili ukavia35, 2013 wels ki, 179 qveyanas Soris saqarTvelo me-100 adgilzea.36
`reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe“-s mier warmodgenili zemoaRniSnuli monacemebi adasturebs, rom cvlilebe-bi dakavSirebulia qveyanaSi ganviTarebul movlenebTan da maCveneblis daqveiTeba swored maSin SeimCneva, rode-sac saqarTveloSi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis konkretuli faqtebi gamovlinda. magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT 2007 wlis 7 noembris aqciis daSla da „teleime-dis~ darbeva mTavrobis mier. aRniSnuli SemTxvevis Semdeg saqarTvelo 66-e adgilidan 120-e adgilze moxvda „repor-tiorebi sazRvrebs gareSes“ kvlevaSi. 2011 wlis movlenebi, rogoric iyo oTxi fotoreportioris dakaveba jaSuSobis braldebiT da 26 maisis saprotesto aqciis daSla, rodesac 18-ze meti Jurnalisti daSavda _ gaxda arsebuli maCvene-blis 4 erTeuliT gauaresebis mizezi. swored aRniSnuli movlenebis gamo, saqarTvelom 99-e adgilidan 104-e adgil-ze gadainacvla.
3.2. saerTaSoriso organizacia “FreedomHouse”
organizacia ̀ Freedom House”-is mier gamoqveynebuli reitin-gis mixedviT, qveynebi sam jgufSi erTiandebian. esenia: `Ta-visufali~, `nawilobriv Tavisufali~ da `araTavisufali~. reitingebi ki sami ZiriTadi kriteriumis mixedviT dginde-
32 http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/cl_en_2008.pdf33 http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2009,1001.html34 http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2010,1034.html35 http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2011-2012,1043.html36 http://fr.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/classement_2013_gb-bd.pdf
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ba: sakanonmdeblo, politikuri da ekonomikuri garemo. am sam kategoriaSi erTiandeba araerTi SekiTxva da swored ma-Tze gacemuli pasuxebiT gansazRvravs kvleva ama Tu im qvey-nis reitings mediis Tavisuflebis dasadgenad. sxvadasxva wyaroze dayrdnobiT dgindeba, arsebobs Tu ara ama Tu im qveyanaSi sakanonmdeblo barierebiT wnexi Jurnalistebsa Tu media saSualebebze, ramdenad gamWvirvalea media saSu-alebebis mflobelTa vinaobis dadgenis procesi da ramde-nad axdens ama Tu im qveynis ekonomika gavlenas axali media saSualebebis amoqmedebasa Tu maTi muSaobis mdgradobaze. aRniSnuli monacemebis Sesabamisad qveyndeba yovelwliu-rad angariSi presis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, romelic 196 qveynis monacemebs Seicavs.
2010 wlidan moyolebuli, presis Tavisuflebis mxriv, saqa-rTveloSi SeiniSneba gaumjobeseba. Tu 2010 wels saqarTve-lo 126-e adgils ikavebda,37 momdevno wlebSi 118-e38 da 111-e39 adgilebze gadmoinacvla. miuxedavad aRniSnuli winsv-lisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo kvlav rCeba naxevrad Tavisufali qveynebis kategoriaSi.
3.3. gaeros warmomadgenlis moxseneba
mSvidobiani Sekrebisa da gaerTianebis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebSi gaeros specialuri momxseneblis maina kiais Se-fasebiT, romelic 2012 wels gakeTda, saqarTvelo kriti-kul zRvarzea. 2003 wlidan, rodesac qveynis moqalaqeebma gadawyvites, CarTuliyvnen masobriv mSvidobian SekrebaSi, romelic `vardebis revoluciis” saxeliT aris cnobili da safuZveli gaxda axali mTavrobis Seqmnisa, saqarTvelom didi gza ganvlo, rac dasafasebelia. am mxriv, yuradReba im Zalisxmevaze gamaxvilda, romelic qarTveli xalxis dacvi-sa da usafrTxoebisken iyo mimarTuli da mniSvnelovnad Seamcira kriminalis done, aseve, korufciis masStabebi, gansakuTrebiT _ policiaSi. Tumca, xazgasmiT aRiniSna,
37 http://humanrightshouse.org/Articles/14135.html38 http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FOTP%202011%20Tables%20and%20Graphs_0.pdf39 http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Booklet%20for%20Website_0.pdf
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rom bevri SemaSfoTebeli niSani arsebobs imisa, rom saqa-rTveloSi zogadad arsebuli dadebiTi traeqtoria, Sesa-Zloa, katastrofuli aRmoCndes da modernizebaze orien-tirebam qveyana farTod gavrcelebuli SiSis, daSinebisa da fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis TviTneburi SezRudvebis mimarTulebiT waiyvanos. maina kiais SefasebiTve, saqarTve-lom rig dasaxul amocanebs kargad gaarTva Tavi, magram am etapze kritikul zRvarze imyofeba. erTaderTi gza, rom-liTac saqarTvelo ayvavebis, simdidrisa da usafrTxoebi-saken svlas gaagrZelebs, aris adamianis uflebebisa da fun-damenturi Tavisuflebebis dacva. arsebuli sakanonmde-blo aqtebi, aseve, saxelmwifos qmedebebi am gzas safrTxes uqmnis.40
3.4. `mediis mdgradobis indeqsi 2013”-is statistika da Sefasebebi
saerTaSoriso kvlevisa da gacvlebis sabWo (IREX) yovel-wliurad aqveynebs globalur kvlevas saxelwodebiT `me-diis mdgradobis indeqsi”. dokumenti, romelic adgilo-brivi Jurnalistebis, media eqspertebisa da JurnalistTa uflebadamcvelebis Sefasebebis mixedviTaa damuSavebuli, mediis mdgomareobas saqarTveloSic mimoixilavs. Sefase-bebi 5 kriteriums eyrdnoba: sityvis Tavisufleba, profe-sionalizmi JurnalistikaSi, axali ambebis mravalferovne-ba, biznesis marTva da sxvadasxva xelSemwyobi instituti.
TiToeuli kriteriumisTvis miniWebulia konkretuli qula, romlis maqsimaluri odenoba aris 4. aqedan, 0-dan 1-mde qula aCvenebs, rom qveyanaSi aris aramdgradi, araTa-visufali presa, 1-dan 2-mde quliT qveyanaSi media fasdeba, rogorc aramdgradi Sereuli sistema. 2-dan 3-mde quliT Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi, qveyana mdgradTan miaxloebulia, xolo 3-dan 4-mde quliT Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi, qveyana, me-diis TvalsazrisiT, mdgradia.
2013 wlis dasawyisSi gamoqveynebuli angariSi aRwers 2012 wels arsebul mdgomareobas 80 qveyanaSi.
40 http://www.humanrightsge.org/index.php?a=main&pid=14457&lang=geo
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sityvis Tavisuflebis kriteriumis mixedviT, 2013 wels saqarTvelosTvis miniWebuli qula 2.26-ia, rac wina wlebT-an SedarebiT, aSkarad progresuli maCvenebelia. 2012 wels gamoqveynebuli angariSis mixedviT, romelic 2011 wlis mdgomareobas asaxavs, saqarTvelosTvis sityvis Tavisu-flebis kriteriumis Sesabamisad miniWebuli qula 2.11 iyo. rac Seexeba samarTlebriv garemos, mediis profesionalebs kvlav miaCniaT, rom mTavari problema ara kanonmdebloba-Si, aramed praqtikaSia. sityvis Tavisufleba konstituciiT aris daculi da eqvemdebareba regulirebasa da SezRud-vebs, romlebic, ZiriTadad, dasavluri normebis msgavsia.
profesionaluri Jurnalistikis TvalsazrisiT, saqarT-velosTvis 2013 wels miniWebuli qula, 2012 welTan Sedare-biT, 0.44 quliT gaizarda da 1.76-dan 2.20 gaxda. dokumentSi aRniSnulia, rom Jurnalistebi arasaTanadod arian momza-debulni axali ambebis gasaSuqeblad. dokumentSi aseve naxsenebia 2010 wels teleimedSi gasuli modelirebuli qronikis SemoqmedebiTi jgufis mier momzadebuli gadace-ma `qaluri logika~ da aRniSnulia rom telekompaniebi ar awvdian mayurebels dabalansebul informacias. aRniSnuli komponentis Sefasebisas, mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli isic, Tu ramdenad iyo daculi eTikuri standartebi sxvadasxva telekompaniaSi e.w. `cixis kadrebis~ gasvlisas.
axali ambebis mravalferovnebis maCvenebelSi, kvlevis Se-sabamisad, saqarTvelos miRebuli aqvs 2.41 qula, rac, 2012 welTan SedarebiT, 0.36 quliT maRali maCvenebelia. mayure-blebs aqvT SesaZlebloba, miiRon informacia sxvadasxva telekompaniidan. amasTan dakavSirebiT, miTiTebulia `must carry”-s principis SemoReba.
biznesis marTva yvelaze susti aspeqtia mediis mdgradobis maCveneblebs Soris. saqarTvelo am kriteriumSi Sefase-bulia 1.61 quliT, rac, wina welTan SedarebiT, 0.13 quliT maRali maCvenebelia da xvdeba aramdgrad Sereul siste-maSi. aRniSnuls ganapirobebs politikur partiebTan tele-kompaniebis dakavSireba.
xelSemwyobi institutebis mxriv, saqarTvelo, 2.27 quliT, mdgradTan miaxloebul qveyanaTa ricxvs miekuTvneba. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom wina wels xelSemwyobi insti-
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tutebis kriteriumSi saqarTvelos mxolod 2.0 qula hqon-da miniWebuli. rogorc angariSSia miTiTebuli, xelSemwy-obi institutebi muSaoben damoukidebeli mediis profesi-uli interesebis sasargeblod. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, gamokveTilia arasamTavrobo organizaciebis roli.
sabolood, 2.15 quliT mediis mxriv, saqarTvelo Sefasebu-lia, rogorc mdgradTan miaxloebuli qveyana.41
4. saqarTveloSi mediis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis ZiriTadi tendenciebis analizi
saqarTveloSi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis mdgomareobis Ses-wavlis mizniT, kvlevis jgufma yuradReba gaamaxvila or mniSvnelovan aspeqtze: mediis warmomadgenlebisaTvis sa-jaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobis standartsa da Jur-nalistur saqmianobaSi ukanono xelSeSlis faqtebze. saqa-rTveloSi arsebuli problemebis gamosakvlevad Seswav-lil iqna rogorc saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis cen-tris warmoebaSi arsebuli, ise sxva gaxmaurebuli saqmeebi.
4.1. mediis Tavisuflebis SezRudva sajaro informaciis gamoTxovnis procesSi
4.1.1. evrosasamarTloSi wardgenili saqmeebis mimoxilva
4.1.1.1. aaip „studia monitori“ da Jurnalisti n. zuriaS-vili saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
aaip „studia monitorma~ xaSuris raionuli sasamarTlodan gamoiTxova sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebis aslebi, ris uflebasac mas saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kod-eqsi aZlevda.
„studia monitors~ da Jurnalist n. zuriaSvils aRniS-nuli masalebi esaWiroebodaT Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis Casatareblad. sajaro dawesebulebam informacia ar gasca. uaris Tqmis safuZvlad miTiTebuli iyo, rom zogadi admin-
41 http://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/u105/EE_MSI_2013_Georgia.pdfhttp://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/u105/EE_MSI_2012_Georgia.pdf
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istraciuli kodeqsis me-3 Tavi ar vrceldeboda sasamarT-lo organoebis saqmianobaze, aseve, sisxlis samarTlebriv devnasa da saqmis warmoebaze. xaSuris raionuli sasamarT-los kancelariis uaris Semdeg dainteresebulma pirebma informaciis miReba sarCelis wardgenis Semdegac ver Se-Zles. ganmcxadeblebma, saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris daxmarebiT, mimarTes evropul sasamarTlos. ev-ropul sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeblebi davoben konvenciis me-10 muxlis (gamoxatvis Tavisufleba) darRvevis Taobaze, radgan SidasamarTlebrivi meqanizmebis gamoyenebiT in-formaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis ufleba arapropor-ciulad SeizRuda. ganacxadi evropul sasamarTloSi 2009 wlis 20 agvistos daregistrirda.
4.1.1.2. Sps „studia maestro“ da sxvebi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
saqmeSi „Sps „studia maestro“ da sxvebi saqarTvelos wi-naaRmdeg“ ganmcxadeblebi arian Sps „studia maestro~ da Jurnalistebi, romlebsac CamoerTvaT mSvidobiani aqciis amsaxveli video masala. mediis warmomadgenlebis winaaR-mdeg ganxorcielebuli ukanono qmedebebidan gamomdi-nare, ganacxadebi evropul sasamarTloSi Setanil iqna konvenciis me-3 muxlis (wamebis akrZalva), me-5 muxlis (Ta-visuflebis ukanono aRkveTa), me-6 muxlis (samarTliani sasamarTlo), me-10 muxlis (gamoxatvis Tavisufleba), me-11 muxlis (Sekrebis da gaerTianebis Tavisufleba), me-13 mux-lis (samarTliani dacvis efeqturi saSualebebi) da 1-li damatebiTi oqmis 1-li muxlis (sakuTrebis ufleba) dar-Rvevebis gamo. ganmcxadeblebma evropul sasamarTlos, sa-ias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris daxmarebiT, 2010 wlis 12 aprils mimarTes. ganacxadi evropul sasamarTloSi 2010 wlis 22 aprils daregistrirda.
4.1.1.3. aaip `studia reportiori~ da v. komaxiZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
„studia reportiori“ iusticiis saministrosgan iTxovda informacias 2004 wlidan gancxadebis wardgenis dRemde
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(2009w.) saministros Tanamdebobis pirebze gacemuli pre-miebis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos moqmedi kanonmdebloba ar aregulirebs premiebis gacemis wessa da odenobas. Tumca, ganmcxadebeli miuTiTebda, rom sazogadoebas ufleba aqvs, icodes, Tu ra Tanxebi ixarjeba saxelmwifo biujeti-dan saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebis premiebze. erovnu-li sasamarTloebis ganmartebiT, premia, Tanamdebobrivi sargosgan gansxvavebiT, warmoadgens pirad saidumloebas mikuTvnebul personalur monacems, romlis mesame pirisT-vis gacemisaTvis saWiroa Tanamdebobis pirTa werilobiTi Tanxmoba. ganmcxadeblebma, 2011 wlis 3 agvistos saias me-diis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris daxmarebiT, mimarTes evropul sasamarTlos. evropis sasamarTloSi ganacxadi wardgenilia konvenciis me-10 muxlis (gamoxatvis Tavi-sufleba) darRvevis Taobaze, radgan ganmcxadeblebma ver SeZles informaciis miReba maRali sazogadoebrivi in-teresis mqone sakiTxze da Jurnalisturi saqmianobis sru-lyofilad ganxorcieleba. ganacxadi evropul sasamarT-loSi 2011 wlis 23 seqtembers daregistrirda.
4.1.1.4. n. miqiaSvili saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
Jurnalisti n. miqiaSvili sasjelaRsrulebis daweseb-ulebisagan iTxovda informacias imis Taobaze, Tu romel sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi ixdida sasjels g. SaraZis mkvlelobisTvis msjavrdebuli piri. Jurnalisti amtkicebda, rom zemoxsenebuli informacia maRali sazoga-doebrivi interesis matarebeli iyo misi moTxovnis peri-odSi, radgan arsebobda sxvadasxva versia mkvlelobaSi msjavrdebuli piris savaraudo gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebam da SemdgomSi erovnul-ma sasamarTloebma calsaxad miiCnies, rom aRniSnuli gane-kuTvneboda personalur informacias da, Sesabamisad, Ju-rnalists ar hqonda misi miRebis ufleba. ganmcxadebelma, 2011 wlis 15 marts saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis cen-tris daxmarebiT, mimarTa evropul sasamarTlos. evropul sasamarTloSi wardgenil ganacxadSi miTiTebulia kon-venciis me-10 muxlis (gamoxatvis Tavisufleba) darRvevis Taobaze, radgan ganmcxadebels ar mieca SesaZlebloba, misi
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saqmianobis farglebSi, mieRo da gaevrcelebina maRali sazogadoebrivi interesis Semcveli informacia. ganacxadi evropul sasamarTloSi 2011 wlis 4 aprils daregistrirda.
4.1.1.5. „gazeTi baTumelebi“ da emzar diasamiZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
„gazeTi baTumelebis“ redaqtorma emzar diasamiZem saqa-rTvelos parlamentisagan gamoiTxova sajaro infor-macia saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrebis mivlinebebis Sesaxeb. Tbilisis saqalaqo da saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, redaqtoris mier gamoTxovnili sajaro informacia warmoadgens pirad saidumloebas da ar Sei-Zleba xelmisawvdomi iyos sazogadoebisTvis. saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom ki, dauSveblad cno emzar diasamiZis mier wardgenili sakasacio saCivari. ganmcxadeblebma, 2012 wlis 20 ivliss saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris daxmarebiT, mimarTes evropul sasamarTlos. ganacxadSi miTiTebulia, rom dairRva gamoxatvis Tavisufleba (muxli 10), radgan ganmcxadeblebma ver SeZles informaciis miReba maRali sazogadoebrivi interesis mqone sakiTxze da Ju-rnalisturi saqmianobis srulyofilad ganxorcieleba. ganacxadi evropul sasamarTloSi 2012 wlis 6 agvistos daregistrirda.
4.1.1.6. gazeTi `baTumelebi“ da emzar diasamiZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
„gazeTi baTumelebis“ redaqtorma ssip sursaTis erovnu-li saagentosagan gamoiTxova sajaro informacia Saqris importis ganmaxorcielebeli pirebis Taobaze. Tbilisis saqalaqo da saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, aRniSnuli informacia warmoadgens komerciul saidum-loebas da ar SeiZleba xelmisawvdomi iyos sazogadoebisaT-vis. saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom ki, dauSveblad cno emzar diasamiZis mier wardgenili sakasacio saCivari. ganmcxadeblebma, saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis cen-tris daxmarebiT, 2012 wlis 1 agvistos mimarTes evropul sasamarTlos. ganacxadSi miTiTebulia, rom dairRva gamox-
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atvis Tavisufleba (muxli 10), radgan ganmcxadeblebma ver SeZles informaciis miReba maRali sazogadoebrivi in-teresis mqone sakiTxze da Jurnalisturi saqmianobis sru-lyofilad ganxorcieleba. ganacxadi evropul sasamarT-loSi 2012 wlis 14 agvistos daregistrirda.
4.1.2. erovnul sasamarTloebSi warmoebuli saqmeebis mimoxilva
4.1.2.1. aaip „studia monitori“ saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros winaaRmdeg
Tbilisis saqalaqo da saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daak-mayofila aaip „studia monitoris“ sarCeli, saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom ki, dauSveblad cno sakasacio saCi-vari.
aaip „studia monitorma“ 2011 wels, sajaro informaciis gamoTxovnis mizniT, ramdenime werilobiTi gancxadebiT mimarTa saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis samin-istros. mediasaSualebis interesi iyo, mieRo informacia saqarTveloSi msoflio varskvlavebis (stingi, kris boti, kris de burgi, plasido domingo, `boni emi“ andria boCeli da maia qei) mier gamarTuli koncertebis dafinansebis Tao-baze. amasTanave, erT-erTi gancxadebiT moTxovnil iqna 2009 wlidan 2011 wlis ivnisis CaTvliT saqarTvelos kul-turis da ZeglTa dacvis saministros mier organizebuli da dafinansebuli yvela RonisZiebis detaluri finansuri xarjTaRricxva da auditoruli daskvnebi _ aseTis arsebo-bis SemTxvevaSi.
dainteresebul pirs ecnoba, rom moTxovnili informaciis nawili sruliad moicavda honorarebs, warmoadgenda kon-fidencialur informacias da amgvari monacemis gacema daiSveba mxolod specialuri Tanxmobis weriliT.
mogvianebiT, aaip „studia monitoris“ kidev erT werilTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos kulturis da ZeglTa dacvis saministrosagan ecnoba, rom MTV-is koncertis dafinanse-baze daixarja 1,390,473 lari da 87 TeTri. 2011 wlis 3 iv-liss baTumSi gamarTul kris botisa da stingis koncertis
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dafinansebaze daixarja 1,264,734 lari. kris de burgis da andrea boCelis koncertze daxarjuli Tanxebi mTlianad moicavs honorarebs da aris konfidencialuri informacia saqarTvelos konstituciis 41-e muxlis me-2 punqtis mixed-viT.
gamomdinare iqidan, rom dainteresebuli piris moTxovna ar iqna dakmayofilebuli, mxarem mimarTa sasamarTlos. mo-sarCele moTxovnis samarTlebriv safuZvlebSi uTiTebda saqarTvelos konstituciis 41-e, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-10 mux-lebs, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saer-TaSoriso paqtis me-19, saqarTvelos zogadi administraci-uli kodeqsis 37-e, 38-e, me-40 muxlebs. aqcenti gakeTda iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, rogoricaa „sajaro piris“ cneba. „sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxliT, sajaro piri ganmarte-bulia, rogorc piri, romlis gadawyvetileba an azri mniS-vnelovan gavlenas axdens sazogadoebriv cxovrebaze; piri, romliskenac, misi garkveuli qmedebis Sedegad calkeul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, mimarTulia sazogadoebrivi yuradReba. gamomdinare iqidan, rom msoflio aRiarebis mqone varskvlavebi _ stingi, kris boti, kris deburgi, pla-sido domingo, andrea boCeli, maia qei _ TavianTi statusiT iwveven maRal sazogadoebriv interess, sasamarTlos eTxo-va, daedgina konkretuli sajaro piris personaluri mona-cemis dacvisa da sazogadoebrivi interesis sferoebi da daekmayofilebina mosarCelis moTxovna.
mosarCelis interesebs saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris iuristebi icavdnen.
mogvianebiT, 2012 wlis oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebis Catarebis Semdeg, dadginda, rom andria boCelis koncerti 2 milion laramde prezidentis sarezervo fondidan da-finansda. zemoT CamoTvlil koncertebTan dakavSirebuli informacia dainteresebulma Jurnalistebma daubrkole-blad miiRes saxelmwifo dawesebulebidan.
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4.1.2.2. saia saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros winaaRmdeg
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom saias mier gamoTxovnili informacia waradgina, ris gamoc, saqmis warmoeba Sewyda.
2010 wlis 22 noembers saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciam, Jurnalistebis interesebidan gamomdinare,42 mimarTa Sinagan saqmeTa saministros da moiTxova Semdegi saxis sajaro informacia:
avtosatransporto saSualebis minebis damuqebis procen-tulobis ganmsazRvreli ramdeni erTeuli mowyobiloba SeiZina Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom (mowyobilobis mod-elis, mwarmoebeli qveynis da subieqtis, erTeulis Rire-buleba da mwarmoebelsa da saministros Soris gaforme-buli xelSekruleba); aRniSnuli mowyobilobis teqnikuri pasportis, eqspluataciis wesebis da am mowyobilobis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT saministroSi arsebuli yvela sxva instruqciis asli; am mowyobilobis saerTaSoriso an adgilobriv standartTan Sesabamisobis damadasturebeli dokumentis asli; ramdenia am mowyobilobis cdomileba da iTvleba Tu ara cdomilebis procentuloba garemo piro-bebTan mimarTebiT (magaliTad, RamiT).
aRniSnul gancxadebas reagireba ar mohyolia, ris gamoc wardgenil iqna administraciuli saCivari, romelic samin-istros mier aseve ar iqna ganxiluli.
darRveuli uflebis aRsadgenad ganmcxadebelma mimarTa Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos da moiTxova Sinagan saqme-Ta saministrosTvis qmedebis ganxorcielebis davaleba, kerZod, 2010 wlis 22 noembris gancxadebiT moTxovnili in-formaciis srulyofilad gacema.
ramdenime sasamarTlo sxdomis gamarTvis Semdeg saminis-
42 გ04/309-10 განცხადება - ხშირ შემთხვევაში ჟურნალისტები საჯარო ინფორმაციის გამოთხოვნის მიზნით საიას დახმარებით მიმართავდნენ საჯარო დაწესებულებებს, რადგან რიგ შემთხვევაში არასამთავრობო ორგანიზაციები მედიაორგანიზაციებისაგან განსხვავებით, შედარებით ნაკლებ სირთულეებს ხვდებოდნენ საჯარო ინფორმაციის გამოთხოვნისას.
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trom sajaro informacia warmoadgina. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilva Sewyda.
4.1.2.3. saia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros winaaRmdeg
2010 wels saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciam, Jurnalistebis interesebidan gamomdinare, gancxadebiT mimarTa43 ganaTlebis saministros da moiTxova Semdegi sax-is informacia:
• ra wyarodan dafinansda yofili ganaTlebis minis-tris nika gvaramias sazRvargareT saswavleblad gamg-zavreba;
• konkretulad ra Tanxa gamoiyo am miznisTvis;
• aRniSnuli RonisZiebisTvis Tanxis gamoyofisa da gadaricxvis damadasturebeli dokumentaciis aslebi.
kanonis moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmdegod, saias mier moTxovnili sajaro informacia ar iqna dadgenil vadaSi gacemuli. sa-ministros aseve ar ganuxilavs ganmcxadeblis mier ward-genili administraciuli saCivari. aRniSnulidan gamom-dinare, saiam mimarTa Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos. sasarCelo moTxovnas warmoadgenda sajaro informaciis gacema, aseve saministros sajaro informaciis gacemaze pasuxismgebeli pirisTvis disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis Sesabamisi zomis dakisreba. bolo moTxovna daefuZna `sa-jaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 78-e muxls, romlis Tanaxmad, movaleobaTa braleuli Seusrulebloba an arajerovani Sesruleba warmoadgens disciplinur ga-dacdomas.
saministrom SesagebelSi miuTiTa, rom moTxovnili infor-macia scdeboda sajaro informaciis farglebs da warmoad-genda personalur informacias.
43 #გ-04/180-10 განცხადება - ხშირ შემთხვევაში ჟურნალისტები საჯარო ინფორმაციის გამოთხოვნის მიზნით საიას დახმარებით მიმართავდნენ საჯარო დაწესებულებებს, რადგან რიგ შემთხვევაში არასამთავრობო ორგანიზაციები მედიაორგანიზაციებისაგან განსხვავებით, შედარებით ნაკლებ სირთულეებს ხვდებოდნენ საჯარო ინფორმაციის გამოთხოვნისას.
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Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom sarCeli ar daakmayofila. gadawyvetileba gasaCivrda saapelacio wesiT. saCivarSi saia miuTiTebda, rom nika gvaramias swavla dafinansda saqa-rTvelos biujetidan. sajaro finansebis gankargvis faqti ki warmoadgens sajaro interess da ara _ `kerZo sakiTxs”. saCivarSi aqcenti gakeTda iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, ro-goricaa sajaro piris cneba. saxelmwifos mier informaci-is gacemaze uaris TqmiT, dairRva evropuli konvenciis me-10 muxli _ gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, vinaidan nika gvaramia aris sajaro piri, Sesabamisad, misdami arsebobs sazoga-doebis interesi, romelic aris ara ubralod cnobismoyva-reoba, aramed _ sazogadoebis legitimuri ufleba, hqondes informacia biujetis gankargvis Sesaxeb.
saapelacio sasamarTlom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba ucvlelad datova. saqmeze wardgenili sakasacio saCivari ki, saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom dauSveblad cno.
4.1.2.4. aaip „studia monitori“ Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis winaaRmdeg
2011 wels aaip „studia monitori“ ivane javaxiSvilis sax-elobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisgan iTxovda:
• Tsu-s biujetidan 2009-2010 wlebSi gacemuli pre-miebis mimRebi adamianebis CamonaTvals, premiebis gacemis TariRsa da odenobas da am wlebSi gacemuli premiebis saerTo odenobas;
• 2009-2010 wlebSi Tsu-s studenturi TviTmmarTvelo-bis dafinansebul samecniero konferenciebze, gacv-liT programebSi, konkursebsa da sxva saerTaSor-iso RonisZiebebze studentTa (TviTmmarTvelobis wevrebis CaTvliT) mivlinebis xarjebis Sesaxeb deta-lur informacias;
• 2009-2010 wlebSi Tsu-s yvela im TanamSromlis nusxas, romlebic Tsu-s xarjebiT mivlinebulni iyvnen saz-RvargareT (TariRebis, Tanxebis da qveynebis miTiTe-biT);
• monacemebs imis Taobaze, Tu ra odenobis Tanxa iyo wlis ganmavlobaSi gamoyofili Tsu-s biujetidan studenturi RonisZiebebisTvis;
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• im RonisZiebebis detalur CamonaTvals, romlebic studenturma TviTmmarTvelobam Caatara 2011 wlis 1 ianvridan gancxadebis wardgenamde, imis miTiTebiT, Tu ra Tanxa gamoiyo Tsu-s biujetidan TiToeuli RonisZiebisTvis da ra ricxvSi.
zemoaRniSnuli moTxovnebi mxolod nawilobriv dakmayo-filda da aaip `studia monitors” miewoda informacia imis Taobaze, Tu ra Tanxa ixarjeboda profesorebis mivlinebe-bze jamSi.
saerTo Tanxis raodenoba miewoda ganmcxadebels 2009-2010 wlebSi Tsu-s biujetidan gacemuli premiebis Sesaxeb. amas-Tan, pasuxi ar miuRia im gancxadebaze, romliTac mosarCele iTxovda informacias, Tu ra odenobis Tanxa gamoiyo Tsu-s biujetidan studenturi RonisZiebebisTvis.
„studia monitoris” mier wardgenil iqna administraci-uli saCivari, Tumca, kanonis moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmdegod, administraciuli saCivari ar iqna ganxiluli. mosarCelem mimarTa sasamarTlos da gamoTxovnili informaciis sru-lad miwodeba iTxova.
mosarCelis moTxovna ar dakmayofilda saqalaqo da saa-pelacio sasamarTloSic. saqmeze wardgenili sakasacio saCivari ki, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier dauS-veblad iqna cnobili.
mosarCelis interesebs saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris iuristebi icavdnen.
4.1.2.5. aaip „studia monitori“ Tbilisis meriis winaaRmdeg
aaip „studia monitorma“ 2011 wels mimarTa44 q.Tbilisis merias da moiTxova Semdegi saxis sajaro informacia: 2005 wlis 1 martidan 2011 wlamde, Senatanisa da gadaricx-vis saxiT, ra raodenobis Tanxa gadasca q.Tbilisis meriam q.Tbilisis biujetidan aaip `Zveli qalaqis reabilitaciisa da ganviTarebis fonds”; 2010 wlis ivlisidan 2011 wlis iv-
44 #138-07/11 და #139-07/11 განცხადებები
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lisamde, Senatanisa da gadaricxvis saxiT, ra raodenobis Tanxa gadasca q.Tbilisis meriam q.Tbilisis biujetidan aaip `Tbilisis ganviTarebis fonds.”
dainteresebul pirs gancxadebebze pasuxi ar miuRia, ris gamoc saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris daxmare-biT mimarTa sasamarTlos da moiTxova qmedebis ganxor-cieleba _ gancxadebebiT moTxovnili informaciis gacema. moTxovna efuZneboda zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis 37-e da me-40 muxlebs.
mopasuxem ar cno sarCeli da aRniSna, rom informaciis gaucemloba aixsneba misi moculobiT.
sasamarTlom sarCeli daakmayofila nawilobriv, mo-sarCeles daevala informaciis gacema misi damuSavebis das-rulebisTanave.
aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT gaasaCivra orive mxarem. Tbilisis meria dasabuTebaSi aRniSnavda, rom mas ar evaleboda am informaciis gacema, radgan is ar arse-bobda mza saxiT. „studia monitori“ ki iTxovda informaci-is gacemas dauyovnebliv da moTxovnas asabuTebda szak-is me-40 muxlze dayrdnobiT, romlis Tanaxmadac, informa-ciis moZiebisa da damuSavebisTvis sajaro dawesebulebas aT dRiani vada aqvs gansazRvruli. Sesabamisad, q.Tbilisis merias dauyovnebliv unda gaeca moTxovnili informacia.
saapelacio sasamarTlom gadawyvetileba ucvlelad da-tova da aRniSna, rom mxareebis mier ver iqna gabaTilebuli pirveli instanciis daskvnebi.
mogvianebiT, gadawyvetileba gasaCivrda sakasacio wesiT „studia monitoris“ mier, romelsac uari eTqva saCivris gansaxilvelad daSvebaze, radgan, sasamarTlos SefasebiT, saxeze ar iyo saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis 34-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli arc erTi safuZveli.
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba aRsas-ruleblad gadaeca aRsrulebis erovnul biuros, Tumca, misi aRsruleba mxolod 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg gaxda SesaZlebeli.
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4.1.2.6. stalinski da sxvebi saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros winaaRmdeg
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma 2011 wlis 26 maiss aqciis daSlisas Zalis gadametebis gamo, administraciuli saxdelebi daakisra ramdenime samarTaldamcav pirs. dain-teresebulma pirebma _ aqciis daSlisas daSavebulma Jur-nalistebma _ gancxadebiT mimarTes saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros da gamoiTxoves ministris 2011 wlis 14 ivlisis brZaneba. xangrZlivi miwer-moweris Semdeg, gamoirkva, rom saministros mosazrebiT ministris brZane-ba warmoadgenda saxelmwifo saidumloebas. saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris daxmarebiT, Jurnaliste-bma mimarTes Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos da moiTxoves aRniSnuli brZanebis gansaidumloeba da gadmocema. xan-grZlivi sasamarTlo procesebis Semdeg, 2013 wlis Teber-valSi, mopasuxe mxarem warmoadgina moTxovnili samarT-lebrivi aqti. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom aRniS-nuli brZaneba saxelmwifo saidumlos ar warmoadgenda. 2013 wlis 11 Tebervals Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi administraciuli saqmis warmoeba Sewyda.
4.1.2.7. mzia amaRlobeli da Tedo jorbenaZe saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros winaaRmdeg
2009 wlis 25 noembers `gazeTi baTumelebis“ Jurnalis-turi gamoZiebis jgufis koordinatori Tedo jorbenaZe samsaxuris mimdebare teritoriaze SeaCera oTxma ucnobma pirovnebam da policiis TanamSromlebad Tavis gacnobis Semdgom Zalis uxeSi gamoyenebiT Seecadnen mis avtomanqana-Si Casmas. Jurnalistma moaxerxa Tavis daRweva da ramdenime wuTSi ukve gazeTis xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad gamocxadda yofil uSiSroebis SenobaSi, sadac amJamad ganTavsebulia specialuri operatiuli da konstituciuri usafrTxoebis departamentebi.
ucnobi pirebi Senobis karebTan daxvdnen Jurnalistebs da Seecadnen jorbenaZis SenobaSi Seyvanas Tanmxlebi pirebis gareSe. mogvianebiT, Jurnalistebis mxridan kategoriuli
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winaaRmdegobis gawevis Semdgom, samive Seiyvanes Senobis erT-erT kabinetSi, sadac Tanamdebobis pirma (romlis sax-eli da gvari im droisaTvis JurnalistebisTvis cnobili ar iyo) Tedo jorbenaZis mimarT Rirsebis Semlaxveli salan-ZRavi sityvebis gamoyeneba daiwyo. gansakuTrebiT aqcents akeTebda Jurnalistis pirad cxovrebaze da gamogonili faqtebis gasajaroebiT imuqreboda.
JurnalistTagan erT-erTma faruli audio Camweri mowy-obilobiT moaxerxa aRniSnuli saubrisa da muqaris Cawera.
jorbenaZis gancxadebas, mis mimarT 2009 wlis 25 noembers Cadenili danaSaulis faqtze, Sss-s generaluri inspeqcia erTi Tvis Semdeg gamoexmaura. gasaubrebisas, romelic sa-ias aWaris filialis advokatebis TandaswrebiT warimarTa, Tedo jorbenaZem ver amoicno verc erTi pirovnebis foto-suraTi, romlebic, Sss-s generaluri inspeqciis ganmarte-biT, ekuTvnodaT incidentis dros iq momuSave TanamSrom-lebs.
a/r prokuraturam, Sss generaluri inspeqciis Setyo-binebis safuZvelze, 2010 wlis 18 Tebervals daiwyo winas-wari gamoZieba danaSaulis faqtze, gaTvaliswinebuli saqa-rTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 333-e muxliT (samsax-urebrivi uflebamosilebis gadameteba).
saqmeze dawyebulia gamoZieba, Tumca, am etapze aRniSnuli procesi araefeqturad mimdinareobs.
aRniSnul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT, momzadda sarCeli, rom-lis ganxilvac 2013 wlis dasawyisSi dasrulda Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi. mosarCele _ „gazeTi baTumelebis“ direqtori da mesame piri Tedo jorbenaZe saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministrodan moiTxoven informacias maT mier 2011 wlis 20 noembers gakeTebul Setyobinebas-Tan dakavSirebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom mzia amaRlobelis mier aRmoCenil iqna „ucnobi piri“, romelic emuqreboda Tedo jorbenaZes 2009 wels. dainteresebuli pirebi Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosagan gamoiTxoven informacias maT mier gakeTebuli Setyobinebisa da masze ganxorcielebuli Semd-gomi reagirebis Taobaze. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, Jurnalistebi uflebamosilni arian,
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gaecnon saqmeSi arsebul yvela informacias, romelic sa-jaro informacias warmoadgens.
aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom aWaris a/r prokuraturam mx-olod 2013 wlis TebervalSi cno dazaralebulad Jurnal-isti Tedo jorbenaZe.
4.2. Jurnalisturi saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas gamovlenili xelSeSla
kvlevis am nawilSi monitoringis jgufma aRwera saqarT-veloSi dafiqsirebuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaT-valiswinebuli danaSaulis niSnebis mqone qmedebebi, rom-lebic Jurnalistebis winaaRmdeg iqna Cadenili. dasawyis-Sive unda aRiniSnos, rom kvlevaSi mocemulia saqmeebis mx-olod erTi, ufro metad mniSvnelovani nawili.
aqedan umetesis warmoebaSi CarTulia saias mediis samarT-lebrivi dacvis centri.
4.2.1. Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSlis gamo evropul sasamarTloSi warmoebuli saqmeebi
4.2.1.1. axvlediani da sxvebi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
2007 wlis 7 noembers policiam, xelketebis da rezinis tyviebis gamoyenebiT, daarbia mSvidobiani demonstran-tebi, rasac mohyva sagangebo mdgomareobis gamocxadeba. telekompania `teleimedis“ damfuZneblis badri patarka-ciSvilis mier imis gaxmovanebis mizeziT, rom is daamxobda prezident mixel saakaSvilis xelisuflebas, specdaniS-nulebis razmi SeiWra telekompania `teleimedSi“. rodesac avtomatebiT SeiaraRebuli niRbiani policielebi da spe-cialuri daniSnulebis razmis wevrebi mTavari opoziciuri telearxis studiaSi SeiWrnen, arxis telekamerebi muSaobas ganagrZobdnen. policiam daiwyo aparaturis ganadgureba, TanamSromlebs da gadacemaSi miwveul stumrebs iatakze dawola ubrZanes da mobiluri telefonebi waarTves. am dros, axali ambebis gamoSvebis wamyvani jer kidev ekranze Canda da momxdars komentars ukeTebda. Semdeg ganaTeba
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Caqra. aRniSnul qmedebebs Sedegad mohyva `teleimedSi“ mauwyeblobis Sewyveta.45
2007 wels „teleimedSi“ specrazmis SeWrisa da mediis uflebaTa darRvevis gamo, aTma Jurnalistma (giorgi axv-lediani, ana goCaSvili, irakli moseSvili, joni kalandaZe, irakli mezurniSvili, giorgi ruxaZe, nini sayvareliZe, Tea siWinava, diana trapaiZe da nino cxvaraSvili) evropis sa-samarTloSi sarCeli waradgina.
ganmcxadeblebma evropul sasamarTlos 2009 wlis bolosa da 2010 wlis dasawyisSi aaip „adamianis uflebaTa prior-itetis“ daxmarebiT mimarTes.
sarCelSi miTiTebuli iyo, rom 2007 wlis 7 noembers „telei-medis“ Jurnalistebis fundamenturi uflebebi dairRva _ maT Soris, sicocxlis ufleba, rac adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis meore mux-lis xelyofaa. aseve dairRva: evropuli konvenciis mesame muxli, romelic krZalavs wamebasa da araadamianur mopy-robas; mexuTe muxli _ Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.
2013 wlis aprilSi adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sa-samarTlom saqme „giorgi axvlediani da sxvebi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg“ gansaxilvelad dauSveblad cno.
evrosasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia, rom ev-rosasamarTlosTvis arasakmarisi aRmoCnda mosarCele mx-aris argumenti, Tu ratom dasWirda mas ori weli, saqmisT-vis samarTlebrivi msvlelobis misacemad. mosarCele mx-aris argumenti iyo is, rom saqme politizebuli iyo da aplikantebs samarTliani sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi eWvi eparebodaT. am yvelafris gaTvaliswinebiT, evrosa-samarTlom saqme dauSveblad gamoacxada.
4.2.1.2. amaRlobeli da sxvebi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
saqme Seexeba saxelmwifos xelisuflebis warmomadgen-lebis mier Jurnalisturi saqmianobisaTvis xelis SeSlas.
45 http://www.media.ge/node/6562
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ganmcxadeblebi _ „gazeTi baTumelebis“ Jurnalistebi _ sarfis sabaJo kontrolis zonaSi, kerZod, ganbaJebis dar-bazSi, awarmoebdnen importiorTa gamokiTxvas, Tu ramde-nad iyvnen isini kmayofilni ganbaJebis proceduriT, an xom ar hqonda adgili maT mimarT kanonis moTxovnaTa darRve-vas. imavdroulad, Jurnalistebi axorcielebdnen audio Caweras. Tumca, sabaJos TanamSromlebma Jurnalistebs saqmianoba ar acales, darbazidan gaaZeves da sabaJo orga-nos warmomadgenlis moTxovnisadmi daumorCileblobisaT-vis, samarTaldarRvevis oqmis safuZvelze, TiToeuls 1000 lariani jarima daakisres. saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilva Ju-rnalistebis sawinaaRmdego SedegiT dasrulda. ganmcxade-blebma 2012 wels saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis cen-tris daxmarebiT mimarTes evropul sasamarTlos.
evropis sasamarTloSi wardgenil ganacxadSi saubaria saxelmwifos mxridan Jurnalisturi saqmianobis ganxor-cielebis xelSeSlasa da Jurnalistebis winaaRmdeg gamoy-enebuli sanqciebis araproporciulobaze, rac arRvevs ev-ropuli konvenciis me-10 muxliT garantirebul uflebas maRali sazogadoebrivi interesis mqone sakiTxebze infor-maciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis Sesaxeb. gamoxatvis Tavisu-flebis xelyofis sakiTxze wardgenili saCivris ganxilva am dromde ar dasrulebula.
4.3. Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSlis gamo, erovnul doneze warmoebuli saqmeebis mimoxilva
4.3.1. Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSla zugdidSi
gavrcelebuli informaciis Tanaxmad,46 2012 wlis 21 seqtem-bers roland axalaias saxlTan Sekrebil Jurnalistebs si-tyvieri da fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenes da profesiuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebis saSualeba ar misces.47 rogorc Jurnalistebi acxadeben, gansakuTrebiT SemaSfoTebeli iyo is faqti, rom incidentis mimdinareobis dros neli svliT Caiara sapatrulo policiis manqanam, Sekrebilebs
46 http://www.media.ge/stories/zhurnalistebirolandakha 47 http://www.gurianews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5622
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trotuarze gadasvla urCia da, maTi mimarTvis miuxedavad, saTanado reagireba ar momxdara. Jurnalistebma saias dax-marebiT mimarTes sagamoZiebo organoebs. am etapze saqmis gamoZieba dasrulebuli ar aris.
4.3.2. Jurnalistebis eliso janaSias da iza salayaias saqme
2012 wlis 13 seqtembers foTis mSenebare taZris ezoSi in-tervius asaRebad misul internet-gamocema TSpress-is re-daqtor eliso janaSiasa da Jurnalist iza salayaias meufe grigolma da sxva sasuliero pirebma gadaRebis saSualeba ar misces.48
eliso janaSias gancxadebiT,49 sasuliero pirebma mas fizi-kuri da sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayenes, kamera Zalis gamoyenebiT waarTves da gadaugdes. Jurnalistis mier gavrcelebuli informacia, rogorc saqmianobis ganxor-cielebis xelSeSlis, ise qonebis dazianebis Taobaze, das-turdeba videoCanaweriT. Jurnalistebma saias daxmare-biT mimarTes samarTaldamcav organoebs. am etapze saqmis gamoZieba dasrulebuli ar aris.
4.3.3. gazeT „guriis moambis“ saqme
Sss-s ozurgeTis raionul sammarTveloSi aRZrulia sisx-lis samarTlis saqme gazeT `guriis moambis” damfuZneblis lado menabdis gancxadebis safuZvelze. ganmcxadeblis ganmartebiT, gazeT `guriis moambis” veb-gverdze daud-genelma pirovnebebma SeaRwies da Seaferxes veb-gverdis funqcionireba. am etapze saqmis gamoZieba dasrulebuli ar aris. Jurnalists samarTlebrivi konsultacia saias qar-Tuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centrSi gauwies.
48 http://ick.ge/ka/rubrics/society/12330-2012-09-13-19-56-30.html 49 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OxcGslHNnM
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4.3.4. studia GNS-is Jurnalistebis vasil dabrundaS-vilisa da operator baCana buliskerias saqme
2012 wlis 22 agvistos axmetaSi studia GNS-is Jurnalistis vasil dabrundaSvilisa da operator baCana buliskerias mimarT Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSlis faqti dafiq-sirda.50 adgili hqonda, aseve, fizikur Seuracxyofas Jur-nalistebis mimarT.
Jurnalistis ganmartebiT, xe-tyis gadasamuSavebeli saa-mqros Sesaxeb informaciis gadasamowmeblad misulebs maT-Tvis ucnobi pirebi Tavs daesxnen, miayenes fizikuri Seura-cxyofa da dauzianes gadamRebi aparatura.
faqts gancxadebiT gamoexmaura Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, romelmac aRniSna, rom studia GNS-is gadamReb jgufsa da xe-tyis gadasamuSavebeli saamqros mepatroneebis yaCma-zaSvili-WiWiaSvilis dapirispirebis faqtze aRZrulia sisxlis samarTlis saqme.51 saqarTvelos mTavari prokura-turis mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, aparatu-ris dazianebis faqtTan dakavSirebiT saproceso SeTanx-meba gaformda nodar WiWilaSvilTan, romelic damnaSaved iqna cnobili. dazaralebuls srulad aunazRaurda ziani. GNS-is Jurnalistebi sargeblobdnen saias qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris konsultaciebiT.
4.3.5. Jurnalist nodar CaCuas binaSi SeWra
2012 wlis 14 agvistos, gvian RamiT, sakuTar saxlSi dab-runebul „mecxre arxis“ Jurnalists nodar CaCuas bina areuli daxvda. Jurnalistis azriT, mis kuTvnil binaSi SeWra warmoadgenda misi daSinebis mcdelobas.52 gasaTval-iswinebelia is garemoeba, rom 2012 wlis 27 ivliss tele-kompania `mecxre arxis~ Jurnalistis nodar CaCuas mimarT ganxorcielda zewola. kerZod, Jurnalistis gancxadebiT, mas sami ucnobi piri aSantaJebda da informaciis miwodebas
50 http://www.ambebi.ge/masmedia/59484-tsukhel-akhmetashi-gns-is-zhurnalistebi-scemes.html 51 http://www.police.ge/index.php?m=8&newsid=3480 52 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziqTy1vfnEU
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aiZulebda, xolo amis sanacvlod, finansur anazRaurebas sTavazobda.
nodar CaCuas TqmiT, ucnobi pirebi mas sTxovdnen informa-cias televiziaSi arsebul situaciaze. aseve, aiZulebdnen, sqesobrivi kavSiri daemyarebina „mecxre arxis“ TanamS-romel mamakacTan. misive ganmartebiT, aRniSnulma pirebma mas Tavi gaacnes im „samsaxuris“ warmomadgenlebad, romle-bic „adamianebs ugvareben problemebs, magram amasTanave, uqmnian Zalian did problemebs“.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Jurnalistma moaxerxa ucnobi pirebis ramdenime maidentificirebeli niSnis miTiTeba. kerZod, cnobilia telefonis nomeri, saidanac mas urekavdnen da im avtomobilis seria da saxelmwifo nomeri, romliTac es pirebi gadaadgildebodnen. saqmes isani-samgoris raio-nuli ganyofileba iZiebs. am dromde nodar CaCuas winaaR-mdeg ganxorcielebul ukanono qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba dasrulebuli ar aris. Jurnalists samarTlebri-vi konsultacia saias qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dac-vis centrSi gauwies.
4.3.6. xurvaleTis incidenti
2012 wlis 8 agvistos Sps „studia maestros“ gadamRebi jgu-fi gorSi, xurvaleTis devnilTa CasaxlebaSi ruseT-saqa-rTvelos omis Sedegad devnilTa Sesaxeb reportaJs amza-debda. Jurnalist TamTa gazaSvilis mimarT adgilobrivi mosaxleobis nawilma agresia gamoxata da mas gadaRebis sa-Sualeba ar misca. macxovreblebis nawilma JurnalistebTan saubrisas aRniSnes, rom maTTan saubris „ufleba“ mxolod mamasaxlisebs aqvT. Tavad erT-erTma mamasaxlisma Jurnal-istTan saubrisas aRniSna, rom CasaxlebaSi arsebul situa-cias isini Tavad akontroleben. sabolood, moqalaqeTa jgufma Jurnalists qvebi dauSines da teritoriis datove-ba aiZules.53 aRniSnul faqtze 2012 wlis 10 agvistos Sewyda gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebobis gamo. Jurnalisti sargeblobda saias
53 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLcK0p1tBug
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qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris iuridiuli momsaxurebiT.
4.3.7. xeTaSi momxdari faqti
2012 wlis 25 ivliss, xobis raionis sofel xeTaSi Jur-nalistebs ar hqondaT saSualeba, gaeSuqebinaT prezident saakaSvilis viziti.54 Jurnalistebma saias daxmarebiT mimarTes samarTaldamcav organoebs da aRniSnuli inci-dentis gamoZieba moiTxoves. am dromde saqmeze saTanado reagireba ar momxdara.
4.3.8. Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSla prezidentis vizitis gadaRebisas guriaSi
2012 wlis 24 ivliss ozurgeTSi gazeT `guria niusis“ Jur-nalistebs ar miecaT SesaZlebloba, gaeSuqebinaT preziden-tis viziti guriaSi. rogorc samoqalaqo formaSi myofma pirma ganumarta, isini dacul teritoriaze imyofebodnen.55 gavrcelebuli masalebiT ki, naTlad Cans, rom usafrTxoe-bis zomebidan gamomdinare, gadaadgileba SezRuduli iyo. aRsaniSnavia, is faqti, rom aRniSnuli informacia media sa-SualebebiT gaSuqda. gazeT `guria niusis“ warmomadgenel-Ta gancxadebiT, maT gadaRebuli masalebi wauSales.
`guria niusis“ veb-gverdze gavrcelebuli informaciis Tanaxmad:
„25 ivliss `guria niusis~ gamomcemels ia mamalaZes prezi-dentis administraciis ufrosis moadgile irma nadiraSvili telefoniT daukavSirda da momxdaris gamo wuxili gamoTq-va. qalbatoni irma Tvlis, rom reportiorebs Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xeli aravin unda SeuSalos. manve SemogvTavaza, rom dacvis samsaxuri uzrunvelyofda mexsierebis baraTze kadrebis aRdgenas. amis Semdgom, dacvis samsaxuris pressa-msaxuridanac dagvirekes, momxdarze wuxili gamoTqves da mexsierebis baraTis aRdgena SemogvTavazes.“
54 http://info9.ge/?l=G&m=1000&id=1688&VS=1 55 http://www.gurianews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4711
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mogvianebiT, 2012 wlis dekemberSi, „guria niusis“ Jurnal-isti adgilobrivma samarTaldamcavma pirebma dakiTxes momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT (dakiTxvis procesSi Ju-rnalistis interesebs saia icavda). saqmeze gamoZieba das-rulebuli ar aris.
4.3.9. SaumianSi momxdari faqti
2012 wlis 22 ivliss sofel SaumianSi mosaxleobis prob-lemebis gasaSuqeblad Casul `info 9“-is Jurnalistebs56 nana kalandaZes da guram svaniZes samoqalaqo formaSi Cac-mulma pirebma, yovelgvari ganmartebis gareSe, mosaxleo-bis Caweris saSualeba ar misces. Jurnalistebma saias dax-marebiT mimarTes sagamoZiebo organoebs, Tumca, 2013 wlis 23 Tebervals Sewyda gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebobis gamo.
4.3.10. aaip „studia monitoris“ saqme
2012 wlis 22 ivliss aaip „studia monitoris“ Jurnalistebs ofisi gaqurduli daxvdaT. mediaorganizaciam aparaturas-Tan erTad Jurnalistebis samuSao masalebi dakarga.57
mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom „studia monitori“ warmoad-gens damoukidebel Jurnalistur gaerTianebas, romelic mniSvnelovan saqmianobas axorcielebs qveyanaSi gamoxat-vis Tavisuflebis realizaciis kuTxiT. aRniSnuli studia erT-erTi gamonaklisia, romelic amzadebs Jurnalistur gamoZiebebs. aaip „studia monitoris“ samarTlebriv dax-marebas saia axorcielebs. am dromde danaSauli gamoZiebu-li ar aris.
4.3.11. Tavdasxma Jurnalistze
2012 wlis 20 ivliss, foTSi, akakis quCaze, TSPress-is Jur-nalist iza salayaias Tavs daesxnen. Jurnalisti Tavdasxmis
56 http://info9.ge/?l=G&m=1000&id=1564 57 http://netgazeti.ge/GE/105/News/10869/
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faqts Semdegnairad aRwers: `trotuarze fexiT vmoZraob-di. uceb gaCerda avtomanqana, [...] saidanac gadmovida Sore-na mircxulava. is pirdapir momvarda da miTxra: Tu obieq-tur Jurnalistobas iCemeb, yvelafrisTvis mzad unda iyo da saxeSi mTeli ZaliT damartya, Semdeg TmebSi mwvda. cdi-lobda ekbina, magram winaaRmdegobas vuwevdi. bolos mainc moaxerxa da TiTebze mikbina. uSveri sityvebiT mlanZRav-da, maginebda da memuqreboda. miTxra, rom yvelafrisTvis mzad unda viyo momavalSi.~58 Jurnalistma saias daxmare-biT mimarTa samarTaldamcav organoebs. faqtze dawyebuli gamoZieba am dromde dasrulebuli ar aris.
4.3.12. Jurnalist iza salayaias piradi informaciis gavrceleba
2012 wlis 17 ivliss internet-gamocema TSpress-is saitze gamoqveynda iza salayaias mier momzadebuli statia _ `qa-rTuli ocnebis~ foTis ofisisTvis beselias kandidatura miuRebelia“. statiis gamoqveynebis Semdeg erT-erTma viz-itorma S.m-m gamoaqveyna salayaias da z.S-s 2012 wlis 04 ivlisis personaluri mimowera (chat), romelsac Jurnal-isti sxva adamianebisaTvis miuwvdomel sivrceSi werda so-cialuri qselis (facebook) meSveobiT.59 Jurnalistma saias daxmarebiT mimarTa samarTaldamcav organoebs Sesabamisi reagirebisaTvis. saqmis gamoZieba daiwyo, Tumca, Sedegi am etapze ucnobia.
4.3.13. karaleTis incidenti
2012 wlis 12 ivliss Jurnalisti saba wiwikaSvili imyofebo-da karaleTis devnilTa dasaxlebaSi politikuri koalicia `qarTuli ocnebis” mxardamWerebis mosaxleobasTan Sexve-dris gasaSuqeblad. sajaro moxelem, levan maisuraZem, yvi-riliT, ginebiT da muqariT mouwoda wiwikaSvils, Seewyvita Jurnalisturi saqmianoba. moTxovnis Seusruleblobis Semdeg ki, Jurnalists fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayena. wi-
58 http://tspress.ge/ka/site/articles/12506/ 59 http://tspress.ge/ka/site/articles/12526/
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wikaSvilis cema mas `qarTuli ocnebis” mxardamWerebma Sea-wyvetines. Jurnalistma 2012 wlis 13 ivliss, saias goris ofisis daxmarebiT, Semdgomi gamokvlevis mizniT, miakiTxa q. gorSi mdebare samxedro hospitals, sadac dazianebebi (“cefalgia”) daudgines.
saias mier Sedgenil iqna gancxadeba Sida qarTlisa da mcxe-Ta-mTianeTis saolqo prokuraturaSi.60
mniSvnelovania, rom karaleTis incidentisas daSavda 13 adamiani, maT Soris, 10 Jurnalisti iyo.
mogvianebiT, adgilobrivebma aseve sastikad scemes op-eratori leqso aleqsiZe, romelsac aReniSneboda rogorc garegani dazianebebi, aseve tvinis Seryeva. `info 9~-is sa-muSao jgufi rezo nadiraZisa da operator leqso aleq-siZis SemadgenlobiT karaleTSi momxdari faqtebis Sem-dgom reagirebaze amzadebdnen siuJets. Jurnalisti saba wiwikaSvili sargeblobs saias goris ofisis iuridiuli momsaxurebiT. aRniSnul faqtTan dakavSirebiT, adminis-traciul samarTaldamrRvevad iqna miCneuli oTxi piri. maT 15 dRiani administraciuli patimroba SeefardaT. 61
4.3.14. tele-radio kompania „TrialeTis“ saqme
2012 wlis 18 ivniss tele-radio kompania `TrialeTis” Ju-rnalisti malxaz miqelaZe da tele-radio kompania `Tria-leTis” operatori Temur kokozaSvili imyofebodnen daba suramSi siuJetis mosamzadeblad. profesiuli movaleo-bis Sesrulebis dros maT miuaxlovdnen samoqalaqo for-maSi Cacmuli pirebi da daba suramis teritoriis dauy-ovnebliv datoveba mosTxoves, razec Jurnalistebma uari ganacxades. amis Semdeg aRniSnulma pirebma satelefono zari ganaxorcieles. saubris dasrulebisTanave isini mi-uaxlovdnen gadamReb jgufs mersedesis warmoebis “ML 320” markis jipiT, saxelmwifo nomriT WKW 737 da miayenes sityvieri da fizikuri Seuracxyofa. ucnob pirTagan erT-erTma ki malxaz miqelaZesa da Temur kokozaSvils qvebi
60 http://netgazeti.ge/GE/105/News/10755/ 61 http://www.ireporter.ge/კარალეთის-ინციდენტში-მონ/
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dauSina. Jurnalistebi iZulebulni gaxdnen, daba sura-mis teritoria daetovebinaT. winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, malxaz miqelaZem da Temur kokozaSvilma moaxerxes momx-dari faqtis video firze dafiqsireba.
Jurnalistebma, saias daxmarebiT, mimarTes samarTaldam-cav organoebs. gancxadebaSi Jurnalistebi Sida qarTlisa da mcxeTa-mTianeTis saolqo prokuraturas sTxovdnen momxdari faqtis gamoZiebas da damnaSave pirTa dasjas. Tumca, 2012 wlis 30 ivniss saqmeze Sewyda gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebo-bis gamo.
4.3.15. Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSla zestafonSi
2012 wlis 16 ivniss zestafonSi samxedro gawvevis samsax-uris ufrosma varlam Teliam da xanZarsawinaaRmdego sam-saxuris ufrosma avTandil dardaganiZem, Tanmxleb pirebT-an erTad, fizikuri da sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayenes re-portaJis mosamzadeblad misul `info 9~-is Jurnalistebs: ekaterine duglaZes, SoTa feraZes, rostom juRels, paata WyoiZes, iamze maraqveliZes. Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi ukanonod xelSeSlisa da maTTvis fizikuri Seuracxyofis miyenebis faqtis Setyobinebis Sesaxeb saias iuristeb-ma moamzades gancxadeba mTavari prokuroris saxelze. aRniSnul saqmeze damdgari ganaCenis Tanaxmad, 2013 wlis 11 aprils Jurnalistebis _ ekaterine duglaZisa da SoTa feraZisTvis saqmianobaSi ukanonod xelSeSlisTvis 3 pirs sasjeliT saxiT ganesazRvra 1 wliTa da 6 TviT pirobiTi msjavri, Jurnalistis rostom juRelisTvis janmrTelo-bis ganzrax msubuqi dazianebisTvis ki, erT pirs sasjelis saxiT ganesazRvra sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sroma 120 saaTis odenobiT.
4.3.16. Jurnalistebis Sorena gonglaZisa da Tornike TibilaSvilis saqme
2012 wlis 13 ivniss goris raionis sofel dicSi soflis problemebis gasaSuqeblad Casul „info 9“-is gadamReb jgufs _ Sorena gonglaZes da Tornike TibilaSvils _
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gamgebelma zura bolaSvilma da policiis TanamSromlebma teritoriis datoveba mosTxoves. gamgeobis da policiis Senobis ezoSi samoqalaqo tansacmelSi Cacmulma ucnobma pirebi operator Tornike TibilaSvils fizikurad gaus-wordnen da, kameris gamourTvelobis SemTxvevaSi, kameris damtvreviT daemuqrnen. muqaris miuxedavad, operatorma mTeli incidentis gadaReba SeZlo. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom Jurnalistebs ukrZalavdnen policiis Senobis garedan gadaRebasac ki. Jurnalistebma saias daxmarebiT mimarTes samarTaldamcav organoebs.62 momxdar faqtTan dakavSire-biT 2012 wlis 30 ivniss Sewyda gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebobis gamo.
4.3.17. Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSla zugdidSi
2012 wlis 12 ivniss „info 9“-is Jurnalisti paata lagvila-va da misi operatori zugdidis municipalitetSi biZina ivaniSvilis vizits iRebdnen. aqciis monawileTa Soris maT SeamCnies adgilobrivi sakrebulos wevrebi, romlebic agresiulobiT gamoirCeodnen. „info 9“-is gadamRebi jgu-fi dainteresda maTi poziciiT da gadawyvites interviu aeRoT, Tumca, mcdelobas agresia mohyva. kerZod, isini ar aZlevdnen gadaRebis saSualebas, uxeSad iqceodnen, kameras xeliT exebodnen, aseve ramdenjerme Seecadnen mikrofonis warTmevas. Jurnalistebis moTxovnis miuxedavad, maT pro-fesiuli movaleobis ganxorcielebis saSualeba ar miecaT.63 Jurnalistebma saias daxmarebiT mimarTes samarTaldam-cav organoebs. 2013 wlis 27 maiss aRniSnul saqmeze Sewyda gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebobis gamo.
4.3.18. Jurnalist kaxaber mekokiSvilis saqme
2012 wlis 5 ivniss axmetis raionSi sainformacio saagento „info 9“- is operator kaxaber mekokiSvilTan samoqalaqo tansacmelSi Cacmuli ori ucnobi mamakaci mivida, romleb-
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mac Tavi samarTaldamcavebad gaacnes, Tumca, mekokiSvilis moTxovnis miuxedavad, aranairi damadasturebeli doku-menti ar warudgeniaT. ucnobma mamakacebma operators si-tyvieri Seuracxyofa miayenes da patimrobiT daemuqrnen, Tu is sakuTari nebiT ar ityoda uars „info 9“-Si muSaobaze. „amis Semdeg erT-erTma fexebTan asanTis kolofi damigdo da damabrala, rom me damivarda. dauZaxes iqve axlos mdgom or pirs, romlebic, savaraudod, maTTan erTad iyvnen mo-sulebi da aseve samarTaldamcvelebi iyvnen. gaxsnes kolo-fi da ganacxades, rom kolofSi narkotikuli saSualeba marixuana aRmoCndao,“ _ acxadebs saiasTan saubarSi opera-tori. ucnobma adamianebma mekokiSvils kaxeTis samxareo policiaSi misvla mosTxoves. amis Semdeg „info 9“-is opera-torma sakuTari surviliT miakiTxa q.TbilisSi `fsiqikuri janmrTelobisa da narkomaniis prevenciis centrs“ da nar-kotesti Caitara. pasuxis Tanaxmad, Jurnalistis mier ara-nairi narkotikuli saSualebis gamoyeneba ar dadasturda. saiam moamzada gancxadeba danaSaulis Setyobinebis Tao-baze saqarTvelos mTavar prokuroris saxelze,64 2012 wlis 07 dekembers saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros mier mo-wodebuli informaciiT, 2012 wlis 06 dekembers Sss axmetis raionul sammarTveloSi daiwyo gamoZieba „info 9“-is Ju-rnalistisaTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi ukanonod xelis SeSlis faqtze.
4.3.19. Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSla walenjixis raionSi
SemTxveva dafiqsirda walenjixis raionSi _ Jurnalist goCa naWyebiasa da operator beJan sarias ojaxebs daemuqrnen da „info 9“-is jgufs regionis datoveba mosTxoves.65 Jurnal-istis telefonze amoucnobi nomridan muqaris zaric ganx-orcielda. 2012 wlis 07 dekembers saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis mier mowodebuli informaciiT, 2012 wlis 04 dekembers Sss-s walenjixis raionul sammarTveloSi daiwyo gamoZieba „info 9“-is Jurnalistebis mimarT ganxorciele-buli muqaris faqtze. Tumca, 2013 wlis 10 aprils Sewyda
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gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebobis gamo.
4.3.20. tyibulis incidenti
sainformacio saagento „info 9“ tyibulis zedamxedvelo-bis samsaxuris ufross soslan vaxtangaZes saagentos Tanam-SromlisTvis fizikuri Seuracxyofis miyenebaSi adanaSau-lebs. rogorc saagentos gancxadebaSia aRniSnuli, soslan vaxtangaZem fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayena sainformacio saagento ~info 9~-is TanamSromels elguja obolaZes. Ju-rnalistebis ganmartebiT,66 Tavdasxmas win uZRoda muqara vaxtangaZis mxridan. 2012 wlis 7 dekembers saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis mier mowodebuli informaciiT, „Sss tyibulis raionul sammarTveloSi daikiTxa soslan vaxtangaZe da elguja obolaZe, romlebmac ganacxades, rom erTmaneTTan pretenzia ar aqvT. vinaidan, zemoaRniSnuli faqti ar Seicavs danaSaulis niSnebs, gamoZieba ar dawye-bula.“
4.3.21. Jurnalistebis bela zaqaiZisa da zurab patariZis saqme
2012 wlis 29 maiss studia GNS-is Jurnalistebi bela zaqa-iZe da zurab patariZe imyofebodnen bazaleTis tbaze `qa-rTuli ocnebis” wevrebis mimarT gamovlenili zewolis faqtebis gadasamowmeblad da reportaJis gasakeTeblad. reportaJis momzadebis farglebSi studia GNS-is Jurnal-isti bela zaqaiZe da operatori zurab patariZe mividnen qalaq duSeTis raionis municipalitetis SenobasTan, duSe-Tis raionis municipalitetis romelime warmomadgenelTan intervius Caweris mizniT. paralelurad Jurnalistebi awarmoebdnen duSeTis raionis municipalitetis Senobis fasadis video gadaRebas. am dros duSeTis raionis munici-palitetis Senobis dacvis samsaxuris warmomadgenlebma fizikuri da sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayenes zurab pata-riZes, aseve, sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayenes bela zaqa-
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iZes. dacvis policiis TanamSromlebi studia GNS-is Ju-rnalists bela zaqaiZes da operator zurab patariZes ar aZlevdnen saSualebas, ewarmoebinaT duSeTis raionis mu-nicipalitetis Senobis fasadis video gadaReba.
gamoZiebis dawyebis safuZveli gaxda saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis ofisidan gadmogzavnili masalebi,67 romlis mixedviTac irkveoda, rom bela zaqaiZe da zurab patariZe iyvnen Jurnalistis saqmianobaSi xelis SeSlisa da Zalado-bis danaSaulis msxverpli. Jurnalistebi sargebloben sa-ias samarTlebrivi daxmarebiT. 2012 wlis 27 ivniss aRniS-nul saqmeze Sewyda gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebobis gamo.
4.3.22. Jurnalist gela mTivliSvilis saqme
2012 wlis 20 maiss Jurnalisti gela mTivliSvili TianeTis raionul centrSi axorcielebda samsaxurebriv saqmiano-bas, ra drosac masTan mividnen Sss-s TianeTis raionuli sammarTvelos TanamSromlebi da mosTxoves piradobis dam-dgeni dokumentacia.
Jurnalistis ganmartebiT, man gadasca piradobis mowmoba samarTaldamcavebs da ganucxada misi vinaoba, ris Semde-gac is ZaliT Seiyvanes policiis ganyofilebaSi im mizniT, rom CamoerTvaT video-kamera da SeemowmebinaT mis mier gadaRebuli kadrebi. policiaSi mas miayenes sityvieri da fizikuri Seuracxyofa.68 Jurnalistis janmrTelobis md-gomareobidan gamomdinare, saWiro gaxda misTvis saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis gaweva. Jurnalisti sargeblobs sa-ias samarTlebrivi daxmarebiT. gamoZiebas awarmoebda Sss-s Sida qarTlis samxareo sammarTvelos goris raionuli sammarTvelos #1 ganyofileba. 2012 wlis 9 agvistos saq-meze Sewyda gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTval-iswinebuli qmedebis ararsebobis gamo.
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4.3.23. prezidentis vizitis gadaRebis akrZalva quTaisSi
2012 wlis 2 maiss quTaisSi lado mesxiSvilis saxelobis sax-elmwifo TeatrTan prezidentis gamosvlis gasaSuqeblad misul JurnalistTa nawils prezidentis dacvis wevrebma yovelgvari ganmartebis gareSe aukrZales SenobaSi Sesv-la.69 amasTanave gazeT „P.S.~-is Jurnalistma irakli vaCiber-iZem ganacxada, rom 2012 wlis 3 maiss quTaisis operisa da baletis Teatris SenobaSi `erTiani nacionaluri moZrao-bis~ aqtivistebsa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs Soris gamarTul daxurul Sexvedraze misuls sityvieri da fizi-kuri Seuracxyofa miayenes da aparatura Zalis gamoyenebiT CamoarTves.
saias xelT arsebuli informaciiT, profesiuli saqmiano-bis ganxorcielebis saSualeba ar miecaT da Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis ufleba SeezRudaT Teatris SenobasTan misul sxva Jurnalistebsac. maTi gancxadebiT, xelisu-flebis warmomadgenlebis wasvlamde isini dacvas hyavda dakavebuli.
Jurnalistis mimarT ganxorcielebul ukanono qmedebebze saubrobs tspress.ge-s reportiori iza salayaiac, romelic aRniSnavs, rom foTSi prezidentis mier saavadmyofos gaxs-naze misuls videogadamRebi da CanTa waarTves, mogvianebiT ki, samoqalaqo tanisamosSi Cacmulma pirebma Senobidan Za-lis gamoyenebiT gaiyvanes. rogorc Jurnalisti ganmar-tavs, kameraSi arsebuli mexsierebis baraTi da, Sesabamisad, gadaRebuli masala misTvis am dromde ar daubrunebiaT.
2012 wlis 4 maiss zugdidSi prokuraturasTan informa-ciis gadasamowmeblad misul `laivpresisa” da `netgaze-Tis” reportiorebs ar miecaT profesiuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba. Jurnalistebis gancxadeb-iT, gadaRebuli masalebis waSlis mizniT, maT kamerebi waarTves. `laivpresis“ JurnalistisTvis ki, kameraSi arse-buli mexsierebis baraTi am dromde ar daubrunebiaT.
saias qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centri gamo-exmaura zemoaRniSnul SemTxvevebs da prokuraturas mou-woda, dainteresebuliyo JurnalistebisTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi uknonod xelSeSlis SemTxvevebiT.
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4.3.24. Jurnalist Salva joxaZis saqme
2012 wlis 29 maiss gardabnis raionis sofel yarajalarSi „info 9“-is Jurnalists Salva joxaZes profesiuli saqmi-anobis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba ar mieca. soflis gamgeobis SenobaSi yarajalaris gamgebelma gumrax alievma komentarze uari ganacxada da gadamReb jgufs gadaRebis ufleba ar misca. aseve, Seecada Jurnalistis kabinetSi Ca-ketvas.70 saias daxmarebiT, Salva joxaZem samarTaldamcav organoebs mimarTa. momxdar faqtze daiwyo gamoZieba saqa-rTvelos ssk-is 154-e muxlis safuZvelze. Tumca, 2013 wlis 25 Tebervals aRniSnuli saqmeze Sewyda gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebo-bis gamo.
4.3.25. Sps „global kontaqt konsaltingisa“ da Sps „stu-dia maestros“ kuTvnili satelituri antenebis dayadaReba
2012 wlis ivnisSi amomrCevlis SesaZlo mosyidvis faqt-Tan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos prokuraturam gamoZieba daiwyo. gamoZiebis farglebSi wardgenil iqna prokuratu-ris Suamdgomlobebi, romelze dayrdnobiTac, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom yadaRa daado ori mediaorganiza-ciis _ Sps `global kontaqt konsaltingisa” da Sps `studia maestros” _ kuTvnil satelitur antenebsa da mimRebebs. sasamarTlosa da prokuraturis moqmedebebma imTaviTve miiqcia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis yuradReba. saxelmwi-fos mier warmodgenilma argumentebma ki, daimsaxura se-riozuli kritika da daiwyo aqtiuri moqmedebebi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesacvlelad. aqciebisa da molaparakebebis Semdeg, romelSic aqtiurad iyo CarTuli saia, saxelmwi-fos zogierTma warmomadgenelma gamoTqva mzaoba, Secv-liliyo politikuri neba da Sps `studia maestros” hqono-da SesaZlebloba, daerigebina misi kuTvnili satelituri antenebi `saqarTvelos fostis” meSveobiT. Tumca, aRniS-nuli SeTanxmeba ar ganxorcielebula. saarCevno procesis dasrulebis Semdeg, 2012 wlis 02 oqtombers, sasamarTlom
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prokuraturis SuamdgomlobiT gamosca aqti, romliTac yadaRa moexsna orive kompaniis kuTvnil satelitur an-tenebs. mediaorganizaciebs saadvokato daxmarebas uwevda saia. saias SefasebiT, orive kompaniis mimarT adgili hqonda samewarmeo saqmianobaSi Carevas, ukanonod xelSeSlas, rac unda gaxdes gamoZiebis dainteresebis sagani.
4.3.26. JurnalistisaTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi xelSeSla sofel zemo niqozSi
2012 wlis 6 marts Jurnalisti Tamar oqruaSvili imyofe-boda goris raionSi, sofel zemo niqozis sajaro skolaSi gancxadebis Sesatanad. gancxadebiT Jurnalisti iTxovda Jurnalisturi saqmianobisaTvis saWiro mniSvnelovan saja-ro informacias. skolis direqtorma, pedagogebis daxmare-biT da Zalis gamoyenebiT, Jurnalisti skolis teritori-idan gamoiyvana.
Jurnalistma moaxerxa mis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli Za-ladobrivi qmedebis nawilobriv asaxva video firze.
Jurnalistma, saias goris ofisis daxmarebiT, mimarTa samarTaldamcav organoebs. momxdar faqtTan dakavSire-biT, mowmis saxiT daikiTxa Tamar oqruaSvili. Tumca, 2013 wlis 23 oqtombers Sewyda gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis ka-noniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebobis gamo.
4.3.27. Jurnalist nino berZeniSvilis saqme
2012 wlis 09 martidan saias goris ofisi saadvokato dax-marebas uwevs tele-radio kompania `TrialeTis” Jurnal-ist nino berZeniSvils. saqmis garemoebebis mixedviT, 2012 wlis 03 marts Jurnalisti nino berZeniSvili da operatori leqso aleqsiZe imyofebodnen xaSuris raionis sofel qviSx-eTSi policiis SenobaSi gardacvlili solomon qimeriZis dakrZalvis procesTan dakavSirebiT reportaJis mosamza-deblad.
nino berZeniSvilsa da leqso aleqsiZes adgilze misvlisas SeeqmnaT problemebi: ucnobi pirebi maT ayenebdnen fizi-kur da sityvier Seuracxyofas, imuqrebodnen Jurnaliste-
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bis sicocxlis mospobiT. aRniSnulis gamo, Jurnalistebi iZulebulni gaxdnen, daetovebinaT solomon qimeriZis ojaxis kuTvnili sacxovrebeli saxlis mimdebare terito-ria. Jurnalistebma moaxerxes momxdari faqtis nawilobriv asaxva videofirze.
Sida qarTlisa da mcxeTa-mTianeTis saolqo prokuraturam, Jurnalistis mier Setanili gancxadebis safuZvelze, dai-wyo gamoZieba, Tumca, saqme am etapze gaxsnili ar aris.
4.3.28. saqarTvelos kontrolis palatis mier moqalaqeTa dakiTxvis gadaRebaSi xelSeSla
2012 wlis 14 martidan saqarTvelos kontrolis palatam (amJamad saxelmwifo auditis samsaxuri) saqarTvelos sx-vadasxva regionSi moqalaqeTa dakiTxvebi ganaxorciela. saqarTvelos kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomarem levan be-JaSvilma ganmarta, rom xdeboda `informaciis dazusteba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad kanonSesabamisia re-gionebSi politikuri partiebis xarjTaRricxva“. miuxeda-vad imisa, rom administraciuli warmoebis procesi unda ganxorcielebuliyo Riad, rogorc es saqarTvelos kanon-mdeblobiTaa dadgenili, Jurnalistebs ar miecaT munici-palitetis SenobaSi Sesvlis uflebac ki. saias mediis samar-Tlebrivi dacvis centrma mimarTa samarTaldamcav orga-noebs, detalurad Seiswavlon da gamoiZion saqarTvelos kontrolis palatis mier moqalaqeTa dakiTxvisas Jurnali-stebisaTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi ukanonod xelSeSlis faqtebi.71 dRevandeli mdgomareobiT, xelSeSlis faqtTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba dasrulebuli ar aris.
4.3.29. Jurnalist mariam oTaraSvilis saqme
2012 wlis 20 marts Jurnalistis mariam oTaraSvilis mimarT adgili hqonda muqaras, kerZod, erT-erTi respondenti m.b. mas angariSsworebiT daemuqra. Jurnalists samarTlebriv
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daxmarebas saia uwevs. aRniSnul faqtTan dakavSirebiT daw-yebulia gamoZieba.72
4.3.30. telekompania „TrialeTis“ saqme
2011 wlis 2 noembridan telekompania „TrialeTis“ Jurnal-istis vladimer biWaSvilis da misi xelmZRvanelebis mobi-lur telefonebze maTTvis ucnobi simbaraTidan sistemat-urad Semodioda mokle teqsturi Setyobinebebi, romlebic Seicavda Seuracxmyofel da ucenzuro Sinaarsis gamonaTq-vamebs da muqarasac. kerZod, mokle teqstur Setyobinebeb-Si miTiTebuli iyo, rom Tu vladimer biWaSvili da tele-radio kompania `TrialeTi” iTanamSromlebs biznesmen b. ivaniSvilTan nebismieri formiT an mesakuTreebi Seecde-bodnen tele-radio kompaniis b. ivaniSvilisaTvis sakuTre-baSi gadacemas, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros specialuri danayofebi (sodi, kudi da a.S.) daarbevdnen aRniSnul kom-panias. mokle teqsturi Setyobinebebis avtori aRniSnav-da, rom es iyo gafrTxileba da amas Sss-s mxridan qmediTi RonisZiebebi mohyveba. saqmis garemoebebidan ikveTeba, rom mokle teqsturi Setyobinebebis avtori cdilobda, ei-Zulebina tele-radio kompania `TrialeTis” Jurnalisti da mflobelebi, Tavi SeekavebinaT konkretuli qmedebebis ganxorcielebisagan, rac dasjadi qmedebaa.
amJamad momxdar faqtze mimdinareobs gamoZieba.
4.3.31. fotografebis saqme
2011 wlis ivlisSi jaSuSobis braldebiT qarTveli foto-grafebi daakaves: irakli gedeniZe (muSaobda prezi-dentis administraciaSi), misi meuRle naTia gedeniZe _ gazeT „praim taimis“ fotografi, evropis fotosaagen-tos (EPA) warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi zurab qurcikiZe da „alia holdingis“ fotoreportiori giorgi abdalaZe (es ukanaskneli, imavdroulad, TanamSromlobda sagareo saqmeTa saministrosTan).73
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prokuraturis mtkicebiT, materialuri anazRaurebis sa-fasurad, irakli gedeniZem da giorgi abdalaZem, samsax-urebrivi movaleobebis ganxorcielebis procesSi, saidum-lo informaciis Semcveli dokumentebi, kerZod fotoebi, zurab qurcikiZes miawodes. is ki aRniSnul informacias moskovSi agzavnida.74
2011 wlis 22 ivliss jaSuSobaSi braldebuli qarTveli fo-toreportiorebi saproceso SeTanxmebis Semdeg gaaTavisu-fles. 2012 wlis 26 noembers gavrcelda faruli Canaweri, romlis Tanaxmad, erT-erT fotografs giorgi abdalaZes aiZuleben, uari Tqvas advokatis momsaxurebaze. 2013 wlis 28 marts ucxo qveynis sasargeblod jaSuSobisTvis bral-debul fotoreportiorebs irakli gedeniZes, mis meuRles naTia gedeniZes, giorgi abdalaZes da zurab qurcikiZes pi-robiTi msjavri da nasamarTloba moexsnaT.
4.3.32. 26 maisis saqme
2011 wlis 26 maisis saprotesto aqciis darbevis gaSuqebi-sas, Jurnalistebze fizikuri Zaladobis araerTi SemTxveva dafiqsirda.75 maT nawils daumtvries an waarTves kamerebi. Jurnalistebma miiRes sxeulis dazianebebic. daSavebuli Jurnalistebis nawilma (sami Jurnalisti da oTxi mediasa-Sualeba) isargebla saias daxmarebiT da mimarTa Tbili-sis saqalaqo sasamarTlos qonebrivi zianis anazRaurebis moTxovniT. Sss-s aRiarebis Semdeg, Jurnalistebis sar-Celi nawilobriv dakmayofilda. miuxedavad zianis anaz-Raurebisa, saqmeze Sesabamisi gamoZieba ar Catarebula _ Ss ministrma ivane merabiSvilma 2011 wlis 14 ivlisis gamosca brZaneba, romliTac administraciuli sanqciebi daekisraT 2011 wlis 26 maisis aqciis daSlaSi monawile ramodenime samarTaldamcav pirs. Tumca, faqtis gamoZiebiT daintere-sebul Jurnalistebs ecnobaT, rom ministris brZaneba war-moadgenda saxelmwifo saidumloebas.
2011 wlis 26 maisis movlenebma, roca xelisuflebis mier rusTavelis gamzirze momitingeTa daSla msxverpliTa da
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mniSvnelovani zianiT dasrulda, mosalodneli uaryofi-Ti gavlena moaxdina saqarTveloSi gamoxatvis Tavisu-flebis mdgomareobaze. am faqts farTo gamoxmaureba mo-hyva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mxridanac. maT Soris, gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos Sekrebisa da gaerTianebis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebze momuSave gaeros specialuri momxseneblis, maina kiais mier `qorTiard mariotSi“ Cat-arebul brifingze gakeTebuli gancxadeba, romlis Tanax-mad, axali, damoukidebeli da gamWvirvale gamoZieba unda iqnes dawyebuli, sadac CarTuli iqnebian opoziciis li-derebi, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi, mTav-roba da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi. maina kiais daskvnis Tanaxmad, mTavrobis reaqcia aSkarad araproporciuli iyo, radgan saprotesto aqciebis daSlis Semdegac hqonda adgi-li demonstrantTa cemis faqtebs. aqciis monawileebs mis-devdnen da umowyalod uswordebodnen. yovelive es badebs eWvs, rom mizani iyo ara saprotesto aqciebis monawileTa daSla, aramed maTi dasja da sazogadoebaSi SiSis danergva. Zalis aSkara gadametebisTvis angariSvaldebuleba arse-bobs. am angariSvaldebulebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, mTavrobis dausjelobisa da misdami ukmayofilebis gancda gabatondeba.
`reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe“ Sokirebulia saqarT-velos usafrTxoebis Zalebis mier Jurnalistebis winaaR-mdeg gatarebuli qmedebebiT“, _ aRniSnulia organizaciis gancxadebaSi, romelSic iqve miTiTebulia, rom uamravi Jurnalisti iqna nacemi da dapatimrebuli policiis mier, romelmac, rogorc Cans, sakuTari Tavis kontroli dakar-ga. aseve yuradReba gamaxvilda imaze, rom reportiorebis winaaRmdeg Zalis gamoyeneba miuRebelia. organizaciam xe-lisuflebasa da opozicias Jurnalistebis pativiscemisken mouwoda.
gancxadebaSi moyvanil iqna im 18 Jurnalistis saxelebi da gvarebi, romlebic aqciis daSlis dros dazaraldnen.
dazaralebul JurnalistTa nawilma, janmrTelobisaTvis miyenebuli zianisa da teqnikuri zaralis anazRaurebis moTxovniT, sasamarTlosac mimarTa (saqmis detaluri aR-wera ixileT zeviT). sasamarTlom maTi moTxovnebis mxolod nawili daakmayofila: konstantine stalinskis, Tamaz ku-
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preiSvilsa da nato gogelias aunazRaurdebaT janmrTelo-bis ziani _ stalinskis 12 laris, kupreiSvils 30 laris, go-gelias 17 laris odenobiT; `gazeT baTumelebs“ ki _ orive kameris dakargviT miyenebuli zarali _ 1940 lari da 40 Te-Tri. Jurnalistebi iTxovdnen video Canawerebis dabrune-basac, magram Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi ganacxades, rom am formiT danakargs ver aanazRaurebdnen.76
4.3.33. Jurnalist irakli korZaias saqme77
2009 wlis 23 noembers Jurnalisti irakli korZaia, daCi caguria da jaba jiSkariani parlamentis Senobis win mSvi-dobian saprotesto Sekrebas marTavdnen. aRniSnuli Sekre-ba dauyovnebliv iqna aRkveTili samarTaldamcavebis mier. faqtis amsaxvel video CanawerebSi kargad Cans, rom ar yo-fila gadaketili gzis savali nawili da ar momxdara xalxis moZraobis Seferxeba. dakavebis momentisaTvis isini isxd-nen xalxis savali nawilis siaxloves arsebul safexurze, Sesabamisad, aranair dabrkolebas ar uqmnidnen fexiT mo-siaruleebs. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom maTi dakavebis mo-mentisaTvis rusTavelis gamzirze SeCerebuli iyo saman-qano moZraobac, radgan Tbilisis meriis warmomadgenlebi, dagegmil RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT, specialur samuS-aoebs awarmoebdnen. rusTavelze myofi moqalaqeebi ki, moZ-raobdnen rogorc prospeqtis fexiT saval nawilze, aseve samanqano gzaze, rac aseve Cans Sps „studia maestros“ da „ai ti vis“ mier gadaRebul kadrebSi.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegiis mosamarTlem, romelic irakli korZaias saqmes ga-nixilavda, ar daakmayofila Suamdgomloba videokadrebis naxvis Sesaxeb da daeyrdno ori policielis Cvenebas. Ju-rnalisti aRniSnavs, rom policielebi, romlebmac Cvene-bebi misces, mis dakavebaSi ar monawileobdnen. sabolood, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom mxolod mowmeTa Cvenebe-bze dayrdnobiT miiRo gadawyvetileba da aqciis monawilee-bs 500 lariani jarimebi daakisra.
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4.3.34. Jurnalist maka wiklauris sxeulis dazianeba
2008 wlis 21 oqtombers saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mimdebare teritoriaze Jurnalists Tavs daesxnen misT-vis ucnobi pirebi da janmrTeloba dauzianes. 2008 wlis 22 agvistos Zveli Tbilisis sammarTvelos me-7 ganyofilebaSi daiwyo winaswari gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis #0060083564 saqmeze. amJamad danaSauli gaxsnili ar aris.
4.3.35. „presa ji“-s Jurnalistebze yaCaRuri Tavdasxma
2008 wlis agvistos TveSi ganviTarebuli saomari moqmede-bebis dros, osi erovnebis borotmoqmedebis mier, Jur-nalistebis _ irakli goguaZis, maka wiklauris, giorgi ia-kobaSvilis, konstantine stalinskisa da saba wiwikaSvilis mimarT ganxorcielda yaCaRuri Tavdasxma. amjerad saqmeze #0111081228 kvlavac mimdinareobs gamoZieba. saqmes awar-moebs Sss-s Sida qarTlis samxareo mTavari sammarTvelos goris raionuli sammarTvelos #1 ganyofileba.
4.3.36. Jurnalist irakli goguaZis saqme
2008 wlis 21 maiss Jurnalisti irakli goguaZe saqarT-velos parlamentis arCevnebs akvirdeboda. Jurnalistis gancxadebiT, sofel iormuRaloSi saarCevno procesis gadaRebisas, 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi orjer miayenes fizi-kuri Seuracxyofa da waarTves 800 (rvaas) larad Rirebuli „sonis“ firmis videokamera. dRevandeli mdgomareobiT, Ju-rnalistis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli danaSauli gauxs-nelia.78 gamoZiebas awarmoebs Sss-s kaxeTis samxareo mTa-vari sammarTvelos, sagarejos raionuli sammarTvelo.
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4.4. JurnalistTa SromiTi uflebebis darRveva
4.4.1. ssip „sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis“ generaluri di-reqtoris giorgi baraTaSvilisaTvis undoblobis gamocxadeba
saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centri daxmarebas uw-evda ssip sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis generalur direq-tors giorgi baraTaSvils. baraTaSvils 2013 wlis 04 marts ssip sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis sameurveo sabWom undob-loba gamoucxada da generaluri direqtoris Tanamdebo-bidan gaaTavisufla. imavdroulad, sabWom gamoacxada xe-laxali konkursi generaluri direqtoris vakantur adg-ilze. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom sameurveo sabWom aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba miiRo xmaTa arasakmarisi odenobiT, riTac daarRvia „mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb“ saqa-rTvelos kanoni. garda amisa, sagulisxmoa is garemoebac, rom sameurveo sabWos gadawyvetileba mniSvnelovnadaa da-kavSirebuli baraTaSvilis mier sainformacio samsaxuris xelmZRvanelis xaTuna berZeniSvilis Tanamdebobidan gaTa-visuflebasTan. amdenad, saxezea sakadro politikaSi Ca-reva, riTac sabWom gadaaWarba sakuTari uflebamosilebis farglebs.
giorgi baraTaSvilma mimarTa Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarT-los. mosarCele iTxovda, generaluri direqtorisaTvis un-doblobis gamocxadebis Taobaze sabWos gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas, arxis generaluri direqtoris Tanamdebo-baze aRdgenas da iZulebiTi ganacduri xelfasis anazRau-rebas.
garda sarCelis momzadebisa, saqmesTan dakavSirebiT cen-tris iuristebma damatebiT mimarTes sasamarTlos da, sar-Celis uzrunvelyofis saxiT, moiTxoves generaluri di-reqtoris Tanamdebobaze mimdinare konkursis SeCereba. sa-samarTlom daakmayofila aRniSnuli moTxovna _ mimdinare konkursi SeCerebul iqna saqmeze saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebamde.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2013 wlis 15 aprilis gadawyvetilebiT, giorgi baraTaSvili aRdgenil iqna ssip
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sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis generaluri direqtoris Tanamdebobaze.
2013 wlis aprilSi Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom aseve daakmayofila giorgi baraTaSvilis moTxovna sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebasTan dakavSire-biT.
4.4.2. vaxtang sanaia da sxvebi ssip „sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis“ winaaRmdeg
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centri samarTlebriv daxmarebas uwevda sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblidan gaTavisuflebul Jurnalistebs vaxo sanaias, rusudan vaSakiZes, daviT qa-rTveliSvils, mariam oSxnels da Tamriko surgulaZes. Ju-rnalistebi iTxovdnen samsaxuridan maTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb giorgi Wanturias brZanebis baTilad cnobas. aR-saniSnavia is garemoeba, rom Jurnalistebi 2012 wlis 09 oqtombers winaswari gafrTxilebis gareSe gaaTavisufla generalurma direqtorma, riTac daarRvia maTi Sromis ufleba. amasTanave, gaTavisuflebuli Jurnalistebi mi-iCneven, rom SromiTi urTierTobebis gauareseba da moSla dakavSirebulia maT aqtivobasTan e.w. „cixis movlenebis“ irgvliv, radgan ssip sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli ar uT-mobda saTanado dros qarTul cixeebSi momxdari wamebisa da araadamianuri mopyrobis faqtebs. Tbilisis samoqalaqo sasamarTlom nawilobriv daakmayofila ukanonod gaTavi-suflebuli Jurnalistebis sarCeli: baTilad cno giorgi Wanturias 2012 wlis 09 oqtombris brZaneba Jurnalistebis samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb da mopasuxe mxares daavala iZulebiTi ganacduris anazRaureba. rac Seexeba samsaxurSi aRdgenas, sasamarTlom aRniSnul moTxovnis da-kmayofilebaze uari ganacxada.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ssip sazogadoebrivma mauwyebelma gaasaCivra da davam Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTloSi gadainacvla.
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4.4.3. nino xidaSeli ssip „sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis winaaRmdeg“
Jurnalisti nino xidaSeli dasaqmebuli iyo sazogadoebriv mauwyebelSi da asrulebda erovnul umciresobebTan daka-vSirebuli programebis prodiuseris funqcias. 2010 wlis 17 Tebervals is samsaxuridan winaswari Setyobinebis gar-eSe gaaTavisufles. nino xidaSeli iTxovda gaTavisuflebis brZanebis baTilad cnobas, samuSaoze aRdgenas da iZule-biTi ganacduris anazRaurebas.
mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom nino xidaSelma weri-lobiT mimarTa sameurveo sabWos misi ukanono gaTavisu-flebis faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca, saTanado reagireba ar momxdara. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom nawilobriv daakmayofila Jurnalistis moTxovna _ baTilad cno nino xidaSelis samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis aqti da aunaz-Raurda xelSekrulebis amowurvamde iZulebiTi ganacduri 800 lari odenobiT.
4.5. mediis regulireba saarCevno periodSi
4.5.1. mediaorganizaciebi saxelmwifo auditis samsaxuris winaaRmdeg
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciam uaryofi-Tad Seafasa79 saxelmwifo auditis samsaxuris generaluri auditoris 2012 wlis 06 agvistos brZaneba, romliTac me-diaorganizaciebs gauormagdaT pasuxismgebloba, kerZod, daevalaT saarCevno subieqtebis mier politikuri rek-lamis ganTavsebisaTvis ganxorcielebuli angariSsworebis Taobaze informaciis miwodeba auditis samsaxurisaTvis 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. saiam rekomendaciiT mimarTa media-organizaciebsa da saarCevno subieqtebs, aqtis baTilobis moTxovniT miemarTaT sasamarTlosaTvis. sabolood, Svidi mediaorganizaciis surviliT, mediis samarTlebrivi dac-vis centris mier agvistos TveSi momzadda sarCeli adminis-traciuli aqtis baTilad cnobis Taobaze. mosarCeleebis _
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Sps ̀ Coxatauris macne“, Sps ̀ gazeTi baTumelebi~, Sps gazeTi `alioni~, Sps `studia maestro~, Sps `mecxre arxi~, Sps `ka-vkasia~, da sps `orioni yalabegaSvilis~ interesebs saias qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris iuristebi icavdnen.
2013 wlis TebervalSi Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlom daasrula wardgenili saCivris ganxilva. sasamarTlom daakmayofila mosarCeleTa moTxovna da informaciis 24 saaTSi miwodebis valdebulebis nawilSi baTilad cno samarTlebrivi aqti.
4.5.2. kenWisyris dRis gaSuqebis problemebi
2012 wlis 23 seqtembers ceskom gamoaqveyna dadgenilebis proeqti „zogierTi saarCevno sakiTxebis gaSuqebis Tao-baze“. aqti Seexeboda damkvirveblebisa da mediis warmo-madgenlebis uflebebis SezRudvas kenWisyris dRes. ces-kos warmomadgenlebi miuTiTebdnen, rom videogadaRebam amomrCevelTa raodenoba ubnebze SesaZloa sagrZnoblad Seamciros. akrZalvis erT-erT argumentad miTiTebuli iyo aseve mediis warmomadgenlebis mier saarCevno ubnebze Sesa-Zlo xmauris gamowveva. dadgenilebis proeqtma samarTli-anad daimsaxura samoqalaqo sazogadoebis kritika.
2012 wlis 25 seqtembers saiam, saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom, samarTliani arCevnebis da demokratiis saer-TaSoriso sazogadoebam da media klubma mimarTes Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos da moiTxoves ceskos 42-2012 dad-genilebis baTilad cnoba. sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila mosarCeleTa kanonieri moTxovna, rac dauyovnebliv iqna gasaCivrebuli saapelacio wesiT. saapelacio sasamarT-los gadawyvetilebiT, ZalaSi darCa saqalaqo sasamarTlos uari.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ceskos am dadgenilebis miRebis dRi-dan arasamTavrobo da media organizaciebi aqtiurad moiTxovdnen mis gauqmebas.
2013 wlis 16 oqtombers ceskom gadaxeda 2012 wlis 24 seqtem-bris #42 dadgenilebas da masSi cvlilebebi Seitana. dadeb-iTad unda Sefasdes is faqti, rom cvlilebebis Sedegad gau-
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qmda dadgenilebis is punqti, romelic erTsa da imave media saSualebas, saarCevno ubnis datovebis SemTxvevaSi, ubanze ganmeorebiT Sesvlas ukrZalavda. Tumca, uaryofiTad unda Sefasdes is garemoeba, rom cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, aRniSnuli dadgenilebiT, mediis warmomadgenlebs, kenWisyris SenobaSi yofnis uflebis mqone sxva pirebTan Se-darebiT, foto-video gadaRebis ufleba ufro metad aqvT SezRuduli.
reziume
sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobis SezRudva, Jurnal-istur saqmianobaSi ukanonod xelis SeSla _ saqarTveloSi mediis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis ZiriTadi tendenciebia.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 154-e muxlis Tanaxmad, JurnalistisaTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi ukanonod xelis SeSla _ e.i. misi iZuleba, gaavrcelos in-formacia an Tavi Seikavos misi gavrcelebisagan _ dasjadi qmedebaa da sanqciis saxiT iTvaliswinebs jarimas an sazoga-doebisaTvis sasargeblo Sromas vadiT as ocidan as ormoc saaTamde anda gamasworebel samuSaos vadiT or wlamde.
im SemTxvevaSi ki, Tu aRniSnuli qmedeba Cadenili iqneba Zaladobis muqariT an samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gam-oyenebiT, sanqciad gaTvaliswinebulia jarima an Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa vadiT or wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT vadiT sam wlamde an uamisod.
saiam 2012 wlis 24 agvistos mimarTa saqarTvelos mTavar prokuraturas da gamoiTxova informacia 2010 wlis pirve-li ianvridan gancxadebis wardgenamde JurnalistisaTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi ukanonod xelis SeSlis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, maT Soris:
1. ramden faqtze daiwyo gamoZieba;
2. ramdeni saqme gadakvalificirda aRniSnul muxlze;
3. ramden saqmeze dasrulda gamoZieba da gadaeca sa-samarTlos gansaxilvelad;
4. ramden saqmeze mimdinareobs gamoZieba;
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5. ramden saqmeze Sewyda sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna an/da gamoZieba.
saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis 2012 wlis 09 oqtom-bris #13/41524 korespondenciiT gvecnoba, rom 2010 wels statistikur aRricxvas ar awarmoebda, 2011 wels gamoZieba daiwyo erT danaSaulze, 2012 wlis ianvridan agvistomde gamoZieba daiwyo eqvs danaSaulze, sam danaSaulze ki Sewyda gamoZieba.
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centrma 2012 wlis 06 dekem-bers mediis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT preskonferencia gamarTa. amasTanave, mediis warmomadgenlebis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli ukanono qmedebebis Taobaze mTavar prokurors arCil kbilaSvils monacemebi gaugzavna.
TiToeul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT, saia periodulad aqvey-nebda oficialur gancxadebebs, mimarTavda samarTal-damcav organoebs Semdgomi reagirebisaTvis. samwuxarod, umravles SemTxvevaSi, gamoZieba swrafad da efeqturad ar ganxorcielebula. saqmeebis umravlesoba jer kidev gamosakvlevia. ramdenime maTganze gamoZieba ar dawyebu-la.80 2013 wlis 15 marts saqarTvelos mTavarma prokura-turam #13/29297 korespondenciiT gvacnoba, rom „werili gadaegzavna q. Tbilisisa da regionul prokuraturebs, saidanac Semosulia informaciebi masSi aRniSnul faqte-bze gamoZiebis dawyebis da mimdinareobis Sesaxeb. dReis md-gomareobiT, mimdinareobs konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa Seswavla da Sedegebis Sesaxeb gecnobebaT damate-biT.“
mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom saqarTveloSi gamovle-nilia Jurnalistebis SromiTi uflebebis darRvevis faqte-bi. maTgan umetesi nawili gamovlenil iqna ssip „sazogadoe-briv mauwyebelSi~.
JurnalistebisaTvis saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas mniS-vnelovani dabrkolebaa sajaro informaciis miwodebaze ukanonod uaris Tqma. swored aRniSnul sakiTxebs Seexeba
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saias mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centrSi warmoebuli saqmeebis umravlesoba.
5. mediis uflebebis dacva saqarTveloSi
saqarTveloSi mediis uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebze araer-Ti organizacia muSaobs. maTgan saadvokato momsaxure-bas mediis warmomadgenlebs saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia sTavazobs. JurnalistTa saqmianobis xelSewyobisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis miznebs ki, em-saxureba Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia, romelic warmoad-gens JurnalistTa gaerTianebas eTikuri normebis dasaca-vad. mniSvnelovani media gaerTianebebia aseve saqarTvelos regionul mauwyebelTa asociacia (GARB) da saqarTvelos regionuli mediis asociacia (GRMA).
mediasferoSi arsebuli xarvezebis gamosavlenad sxvadasx-va arasamTavrobo organizaciis mier (saerTaSoriso gamW-virvaloba – saqarTvelo, informaciis Tavisuflebis gan-viTarebis instituti da sxvebi) xorcieldeba mniSvnelovani kvlevebi da mzaddeba Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi.
mediis sakiTxebze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis umetesoba (11 organizacia) gaerTianebulia koaliciaSi `media advokatirebisaTvis”.
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centri
2009 wlis noemberSi saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciam qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centri evrokavSiris dafinansebiT daaarsa. 2011 wlis Tebervlidan centri saqmianobas ganagrZobs saerTaSoriso kvlevebisa da gacvlebis sabWos (IREX) G-MEDIA programis farglebSi, ro-melic xorcieldeba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTa-Soriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID) mxardaWeriT.
qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centri miznad isax-avs, daicvas Jurnalistis uflebebi:
• Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi xelSeSlis SemTxvevaSi;
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• sajaro dawesebulebebSi informaciis xelmisawvdo-mobasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili dabrkolebis SemTx-vevaSi;
• damqiravebelTan Seqmnili SromiTi xasiaTis proble-mebis dros;
• Jurnalisturi saqmianobis ganxorcielebis procesSi sxva saxis problemebis arsebobisas.
centris amocanebia:
• ufaso samarTlebrivi daxmareba Jurnalistebis, me-dia-saSualebebisa da iuristebisTvis;
• TanamSromloba iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxurTan;
• sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis lobireba JurnalistTa uflebebis dasacavad.
IREX-is finansuri mxardaWeriT, centri Jurnalistebs sTavazobs:
• ufaso iuridiul konsultacias;
• ufaso warmomadgenlobas yvela administraciul or-ganosa Tu sasamarTloSi;
• sarCelisa da sajaro informaciis mosakreblis Tanxebis srul anazRaurebas;
• warmomadgenlobas evropis adamianis uflebaTa sa-samarTloSi (strasburgi);
• treningebsa da seminarebs samarTlebrivi cno-bierebis amaRlebis kuTxiT.
saias rva ofisis meSveobiT qarTuli mediis samarTlebrivi dacvis centris samarTlebrivi momsaxurebis miReba Sesa-Zlebelia saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSi.
daskvna
warmodgenil kvlevaze momuSave jgufi Seecada, gamoev-lina saqarTveloSi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis realizaciis ZiriTadi tendenciebi. zemoT CamoTvlili masalebis anal-iziT, naTeli gaxda, rom saqarTveloSi gamoxatvis Tavisu-flebis SezRudva umeteswilad xdeba JurnalistebisTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi ukanonod xelSeSliT.
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aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi 2011-2012 wlebSi Jurnalis-turi saqmianobis xelSeSlis gansakuTrebiT maRali maCvene-beli dafiqsirda. mediis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli ukanono qmedebebis udidesi nawili kvlavac gamosaZiebelia. 2012 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa aso-ciaciam 38 faqtTan dakavSirebiT kidev erTxel mimarTa mTavar prokuraturas da moiTxova mediis winaaRmdeg ganx-orcielebuli ukanono qmedebebis gamoZieba.
Jurnalistebis winaaRmdeg Cadenili TiToeuli samarTaldarRvevis swrafi da efeqturi gamoZieba aucile-belia, raTa, erTi mxriv, dadges konkretul pirTa pasux-ismgeblobis sakiTxi, xolo meore mxriv, momavalSi msgavsi darRvevebis prevencia moxdes.
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis mier mop-ovebuli masalebiT gamoirkva, rom, xSir SemTxvevaSi, mediis warmomadgenlebisTvis dadgenili SezRudvebi dakavSire-buli iyo winasaarCevno procesebTan. gamomdinare iqidan, rom 2014 weli saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelo-bis organoebis arCevnebis Catarebis welia, mniSvnelovania, xelisuflebam uzrunvelyos winasaarCevnod mediis gamar-Tuli muSaoba. warmodgenili kvlevis mniSvnelovani nawili daeTmo sakanonmdeblo aqtebis cvlilebebis Seswavlas. mediis regulirebis mizniT Seqmnili normatiuli aqtebi, miRebidan winamdebare kvlevis dasrulebamde, ramdenjerme Seicvala. Tumca, mxolod kanonmdeblobis cvlileba, Tun-dac es cvlileba arsebul wess aumjobesebdes, ver gaxdeba am sferoSi arsebuli problemebis mogvarebis garanti.
2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg mediasferoSi arsebuli mdgomareoba gaumjobesda rogorc kanonmde-blobaSi ganxorcielebuli pozitiuri cvlilebebiT, aseve JurnalistTa uflebebis darRvevis masStabebis mkveTrad SemcirebiT. Tumca, es garemoeba ar iZleva garantias, rom pozitiuri dinamika momavalSi aucileblad SenarCundeba. Sesabamisad, Tavad mediasferos warmomadgenelTa da samo-qalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiuroba, swori cvlilebebis advo-katireba, nebismieri xelisuflebis qmedebebis mudmivi mon-itoringi aris arsebuli problemebis mogvarebis aucile-beli piroba.