: : . . : . . : .

.

.

. . .

. Superior vena cavaInferior vena cava co2 . . (pulmonary semilunar valve) . .

. .

- . 4 .

. . . . :Brachiocephalileft common carotidLeft subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic :Right common carotidright subclavian artery

. basilar . : (lingual) (facial) ( )

Subclavian . . (axillary) . brachial . brachial radial ulna .

. 12 . 4 . .

: ( ) () ( ) (9 ).

: : : : :

(): : 4 . . . . femoral . popliteal . popliteal . ( ) . ( ) .

superior vena cava :Internal jugular vein: .Subclavain vein: .Brachiocephalic: jugular subclavain .Azygos vein: superior vena cava . : brachial axillary subclavaian . (basilic) . (cephalic) axillary .

.

inferior vena cava .

( inferior vena cava) .

. 5 inferior vena cava . : inferior vena cava . : . : . : inferior vena cava .

: : popliteal . femoral . : saphenous popliteal . saphenous . .

(portal vein) inferior vena cava . (splenic vein) . . . . . . .