광대역 통합망을 위한 광전송 기술
DESCRIPTION
광대역 통합망을 위한 광전송 기술. 2009. 3. 25. 서울시립대학교 전자전기컴퓨터공학부 김철한. Outline. 광대역 통합망 (BcN) 광가입자망 (FTTH) 광통신 시스템 구성 일반 구성 요소 : 광섬유 , 광원 , 광수신기 주요 잡음원 : 감쇠 , 분산 , 비선형 , 누화 대용량 장거리 광전송망 요약. 건설. 레저. 환경 / 의료. 교통. 교육. 금융. 차세대 통합 네트워크. 농수산업. 물류 / 유통. 다양한 접속. 융합형 서비스. 고품질 서비스. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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광대역 통합망을 위한 광대역 통합망을 위한
광전송 기술광전송 기술
2009. 3. 25.2009. 3. 25.
서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교
전자전기컴퓨터공학부전자전기컴퓨터공학부
김철한김철한
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OutlineOutline
광대역 통합망 (BcN)
광가입자망 (FTTH)
광통신 시스템 구성 일반
구성 요소 : 광섬유 , 광원 , 광수신기
주요 잡음원 : 감쇠 , 분산 , 비선형 , 누화
대용량 장거리 광전송망
요약
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차세대 통합 네트워크물류 /유통금융
교통건설 레저 환경 /의료
교육
농수산업
다양한 접속 융합형 서비스 고품질 서비스
음성 /데이터 통합 유 /무선 통합 통신 /방송 융합
BroadbandQoS
Security
Open API
IPv6
홈 네트워크융합형 정보 단말 /가전
Information + Entertainment + Commercial + Content + etc
미래 통합망의 비전미래 통합망의 비전
MIC2003
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Broadband Convergence Network (BcN)Broadband Convergence Network (BcN)
MIC2003
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Network EvolutionNetwork Evolution
Single service networks Circuit switched network
Intelligence in circuit switch
Wired/wireless telephony service
Multi-service networks Packet switched network
Intelligence in router, server
Multi-service via wired/wireless access
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BcN BcN 구현을 위한 핵심 요소 기술 구현을 위한 핵심 요소 기술
MIC2003
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Regional & Long Haul
IOF ROADM
Any S
ervic
e
Any S
ervice
Any Service
Edge ROADM (future)
CentralOffice
CentralOffice
MetroAccess
Courtesy of AT&T
Transport Network: Local to Long-HaulTransport Network: Local to Long-Haul
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Change in the market
전화 / 인터넷 서비스 시장의 포화
새로운 시장 개척의 필요성 ( 통방 , 유무선 번들 서비스 )
시장 경쟁 가속화 - 전화 , TV, 위성 사업자
Change in user’s life style
PC 사용의 생활화 - > 멀티미디어 서비스에 친숙
인터넷의 확산 -> 네트워크에 친숙
홈페이지 , E-mail, 정보검색 , 네트워크 게임 등의 활성화
Change in demands
Always on, always available information on-demand
빠른 데이터 액세스 요구
Data, Voice 및 Video 의 통합
Access EnvironmentsAccess Environments
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국내 가입자망 서비스 국내 가입자망 서비스
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Future ServicesFuture Services
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Services Bandwidth (Mbps)
Streaming
Video(HD)
Live TV 20
VoD* or e-shopping 20
EoD / GoD * 20
Video Conference* 2~10
Internet* 10
Remote sensing/ control 1
IP phones 1
Total Bandwidths 74 ~ 84
* symmetric bandwidth is required
Bandwidth DemandBandwidth Demand
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BcN BcN 목표 목표
MIC2003
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2009~2010 2011~2013
백본망유선전화망 IP 화 30%
70% (‘15 년
100%)
이동전화망 IP 화 - 15%
가입자망
유선
광대역 (50M~100M) 1,200 만 1,450 만
초광대역 ( 최대 1G) -상용서비스 (‘12 년 ),
20 만 (‘13 년 )
무선
광대역 (1M~2M) 2,800 만 4,600 만
초광대역 ( 평균 10M) -상용서비스 및 30 만
(‘13 년 )
방송망디지털 지상파 방송 커버리지 93% 96%
디지털 케이블 TV 홈패스율 93% 96%
센서망 망고도화 공공부문 센서망 연계 (‘12)
초광대역통합망 초광대역통합망 (UBcN) (UBcN) 구축 세부목표 구축 세부목표
방송통신위원회 2009
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April 22, 2023 14
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Last Mile ProblemLast Mile Problem
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유선 전송 매질 유선 전송 매질
Twisted Pair (Telephone Line) 52 Mb/s up to 300 m using vDSL 100 Mb/s Ethernet using CAT-5 1 Gb/s using CAT-5e
Coaxial Cable Higher data rates and longer distances compared to twisted pairs
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A single copper pair is capableof carrying 6 phone calls
A single fiber pair is capable ofcarrying over 2.5 millionsimultaneous phone calls(64 channels at 2.5 Gb/s)
A fiber optic cable with the sameinformation-carrying capacity (bandwidth) as a comparable copper cable is less than 1% of both the size and weight
A single copper pair is capableof carrying 6 phone calls
A single fiber pair is capable ofcarrying over 2.5 millionsimultaneous phone calls(64 channels at 2.5 Gb/s)
A fiber optic cable with the sameinformation-carrying capacity (bandwidth) as a comparable copper cable is less than 1% of both the size and weight
Source: Corning Incorporated
WhyWhy FTTH?FTTH?(Fiber vs. Copper)(Fiber vs. Copper)
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FTTH ArchitecturesFTTH Architectures
CO
ONU 1
ONU 2
ONU 3
ONU 4
ONU N
PassiveRN
CO
ONU 1
ONU 2
ONU 3
ONU 4
ONU N
Point-to-Point
(Home Run)
Passive Optical Network(PON)
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TDM-PON vs. WDM-PONTDM-PON vs. WDM-PON
Time division multiple access Low security
Limited bandwidth
Low link budget
Low cost
Protocol dependency
CO
ONU #1
ONU #2
ONU #3
ONU #4Passive optical power splitter
3
2
4
time
1
2 3 41
PassiveWDM router
Wavelength division multiple access
High security
Unlimited bandwidth
High link budget
Protocol transparency
Medium cost (Low cost source is required)
ONU #N
ONU #2
ONU #3
ONU #4
CO
1 2 3 4
12
34
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
2
ONU #1
ONU #N
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FTTH FTTH 망구성 망구성
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E-PON E-PON 기반 기반 FTTH FTTH 망구성 망구성
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Interoperability
SecurityQoS assurance
Future upgrade plan
Cost effective
Protocol transparentPhysical layer security
Dedicated bandwidth
Unlimited bandwidth
Low OPEX
Advantages of WDM TechnologyAdvantages of WDM Technology
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FTTH BASED ON WDM-PONFTTH BASED ON WDM-PON
Journal of Lightwave Technology, pp.2582-2591, 2004
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1970s: Development of optical fibers, semiconductor light sources & photodetectors
1980s: Very low loss single mode fibers in the 1100-1600 nm.
1990s: Optical amplifiers (e.g. EDFA), WDM (wavelength division multiplexing)
Optical Fiber communications, 3rd ed.,G.Keiser,McGraw-Hill, 2000
In 1970s, development of optical fiber by Bell lab and Corning Glass. : Loss 20 dB/km (Today 0.3 dB/km)
광통신 역사광통신 역사
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Optical fiber
Light sources
Optical amplifiers
Photodetectors
주요 광소자 특징주요 광소자 특징
Optical Fiber communications, 3rd ed.,G.Keiser,McGraw-Hill, 2000
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코어 (Core) 클래딩 보다 굴절률이 높음 ( 굴절률 n = c/v)
클래딩 (Cladding) 코어 보호 적절한 굴절률 차이 제공
광섬유광섬유
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z=0 z=LDispersion
z=0 z=LAttenuation
광링크에서의 신호 열화광링크에서의 신호 열화
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광섬유 감쇠원
산란 (scattering)
흡수 (absorption)
광신호 감쇠 원인광신호 감쇠 원인
Optical Fiber communications, 3rd ed.,G.Keiser,McGraw-Hill, 2000
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색분산 색분산 (Chromatic Dispersion)(Chromatic Dispersion)
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Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF)Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF)
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색분산에 의한 신호 왜곡색분산에 의한 신호 왜곡
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Main concern is extending the transmission distance (“reach”)
- Attenuation (power budget) and
- Dispersion (rise-time budget)
점점 -- 대대 -- 점점 (P-t-P)(P-t-P) 링크 설계링크 설계
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-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
1525 1530 1535 1540 1545
Wavelength [nm]
Rel
ativ
e In
ten
sity
[d
B]
LED LD (Laser Diode)
광원 성능
출력 파워 (output power)
선폭 (linewidth)
SMSR (side mode suppression ratio)
광원광원
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- +
+-
n-p+ n+
E
Photo Diode = LED
LED: forward bias
PD: reverse bias
광수신기 광수신기 (PD)(PD)
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- Power required for specified BER or SNR
- Noise power increases as BW (data rate)
- More signal power required
Optical Fiber communications, 3rd ed.,G.Keiser,McGraw-Hill, 2000
수신감도 수신감도 (Receiver Sensitivity)(Receiver Sensitivity)
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0 Lrect CPP
sLrect MCPP
광 파워 설계 광 파워 설계 (Power Budget)(Power Budget)
Optical Fiber communications, 3rd ed.,G.Keiser,McGraw-Hill, 2000
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Dispersion Limit: Rule of ThumbDispersion Limit: Rule of Thumb
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분산 및 비선형 현상 원인분산 및 비선형 현상 원인
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Kerr Effect
Self-Phase Modulation (SPM)
Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM)
Four-Wave Mixing (FWM)
Scattering Effect
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS)
비선형 현상의 종류비선형 현상의 종류
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BroadbandLight Source
WavelengthSplitter Spectrum
Slice
Low costSemiconductor
Device
BLS based Optical SourcesBLS based Optical Sources
Only one BLS can support a number of subscribers
with only one wavelength router
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BLS-based WDM PON ArchitectureBLS-based WDM PON Architecture
CO
MOD1
Rx 1
AWG
ONU 1
Rx 1
Tx 1
ONU 2
Rx 2
Tx 2
ONU N
Rx N
Tx N
Broadband Light Sources (BLSs) LED ASE from EDFA or SOA
BLS AWG
MOD2
Rx 2
MODN
Rx N
AWG
…
…
Modulated downstream
Modulated upstreamRN
SOA: semiconductor optical amplifierASE: amplified spontaneous emission
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AWG
RNCO
BLS 1 BLS 2
Tx 1
Rx 1
Tx 2
Rx 2
Tx N
Rx N
AWG
ONU 1
Rx 1
Tx 1
ONU 2
Rx 2
Tx 2
ONU N
Rx N
Tx N
BLS-based WDM PON ArchitectureBLS-based WDM PON Architecture
Colorless Transmitters (Modulator + Amplifier) Wavelength-Locked FP-LD RSOA (Reflective SOA)
…
Modulated downstream
…
Modulated upstream
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equivalent optical BW
spectrum-sliced ASE source 0.7 nm
FP-LD 0.3 nm
Measured Optical SpectraMeasured Optical Spectra
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
1525 1530 1535 1540 1545
Wavelength [nm]
Re
lati
ve
Inte
ns
ity
[d
B]
Wavelength (nm)
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
1546 1548 1550 1552 1554
directly-modulated, wavelength-locked FP-LD
EAM-modulated, spectrum-sliced ASE
spectrum-sliced ASE
Wavelength (nm)
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
1546 1548 1550 1552 1554
directly-modulated, wavelength-locked FP-LD
EAM-modulated, spectrum-sliced ASE
spectrum-sliced ASE
directly-modulated, wavelength-locked FP-LD
EAM-modulated, spectrum-sliced ASE
spectrum-sliced ASE
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Transmission Distance (km)
Po
we
r P
en
alty
(d
B)
directly-modulated, wavelength-locked FP-LD
EAM-modulated, spectrum-sliced ASE
Dispersion-Induced PenaltyDispersion-Induced Penalty(1.25 Gb/s signal transmission)(1.25 Gb/s signal transmission)
])(51log[10 2 BLDPDispersion
(Ref. K. H. Han et al., PTL, Oct. 2004)
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Effects of Crosstalk inEffects of Crosstalk inBLS based WDM PONsBLS based WDM PONs
Rx
BLS
ColorlessSource
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500 ps/DIV
Xtalk Ratio = -10 dBwithout Xtalk Xtalk Ratio = -5 dB
Electrical Eye DiagramsElectrical Eye Diagrams
(P(Pinin = -20 dBm) = -20 dBm)
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SummarySummary
광대역 통합망을 위한 광전송망
광가입자망 (FTTH)
장거리 광전송망 (WDM, OXC, etc)
주요 광소자
광섬유 , 광원 , 광수신기 , 광증폭기 , AWG
주요 잡음원
감쇠 , 분산 , 비선형 , 누화
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1 1 0 1
SMOT-16 SMOT-16
Signal = Car Fiber = Highway
Optical Transport SystemOptical Transport System
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답은 간단 !선로를 계속 포설하고 , 장비고 계속 구매하는 거야…
비경제적인 답 !돈도 많이 들고 ,시간도 많이 걸리고… .
High Capacity TransportHigh Capacity Transport
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10G or 40G TDM system
SMOT-16SMOT-16
40G car 10G car
High-speed TDM은 차의 모양을 불안정하게 바꾸어야 해… . 걱정되는군…
TDM ApproachTDM Approach
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Dispersion
Nonlinear Effects
High-Speed Electronics
1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1?00 00 0 00 00
Optical signal 의 폭이 좁을수록 분산에 매우 취약하다 .
1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 00 0 00 000
Optical signal 의 키가 클수록 비선형효과에 민감하다 .
방열문제 , 임피던스 매칭문제 , 고속신호 처리문제… .
고속으로 올라갈수록 힘들다 .
TDM Limitations: Optical SignalsTDM Limitations: Optical Signals
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같은 도로를 이용하기 위해서는 뭔가 구분이 필요하다 . 그것이 바로 색깔 !
광섬유의 넓은 대역폭을 이용 !
파장 [nm]
Loss [ d
B/k
m
]
1300 1550 1600
0.2dB/kmminimum loss region
0.4dB/km
WDM ApproachWDM Approach
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WDM Transmission SystemWDM Transmission System
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalFiber
Transmitterpower managementwavelength managementmodulation formats
Receiverreceiver sensitivityfilter bandwidth forward error correctionelectrical compensation
Optical Fiberchromatic dispersionpolarization-mode dispersionnonlinearities (SPM, XPM, FWM, SRS, SBS)
Optical Amplifiersgain equalizationEDFA or Raman (multi-band)
Transmitter Receiver
0306kch
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WDM Transport NetworksWDM Transport Networks
Reconfigurable WDM Multipoint Network
OXC
LSR Lab - 9905kch
Fixed WDM Multipoint Network
O-ADM
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Technology and Market TrendsTechnology and Market Trends
Increased flexibility and intelligence p-t-p to mesh network fixed to tunable wavelength fixed to tunable mux/demux fixed to multi bit-rate static to dynamic networks wavelength to packet switching
Lower cost manual assembly to full automation bulk to integrated optics research and innovations
Lower power consumption
Higher capacity systems
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Enablers of High-Capacity Enablers of High-Capacity WDM Transmission SystemsWDM Transmission Systems
Raman Amplifiers
Advanced Modulation Formats
Chromatic Dispersion Management
Polarization-Modes Dispersion Compensation
New Fiber Designs
Forward Error Correction
Multi-Band Transmission
0306kch